Swedish systems for electronic identification and payments, are there free/libre alternatives to BankID and Swish?

[Elias Rudberg]

Hej!

About electronic identification systems, there is a Swedish government 
agency called "DIGG – Myndigheten för digital förvaltning": 
https://www.digg.se/
and they have created the site https://www.elegitimation.se/ where they 
list the following three electronic identification systems that are 
currently available:

- BankID (utgiven av bankerna)
- Freja eID Plus (utgiven av Freja eID Group AB)
- AB Svenska Pass (utgiven av Skatteverket).

Of those three, as far as I know BankID requires using proprietary 
software from Google/Apple/Microsoft and as far as I know there is no 
way to get around that, so BankID cannot be used in a freedom-respecting 
way.

The second one, Freja eID Plus, also seems to be available only for 
those who are willing to use proprietary software, since it requires an 
Apple/Google smartphone.

The third option, the "AB Svenska Pass" id solution that comes with the 
ID card from Skatteverket (the Swedish tax agency), is as far as I know 
the only one that can be used from a GNU/Linux computer. I tried that 
and it required some kind of plugin or extension to be installed in 
Firefox, right now I'm not sure if that extension is free software or 
not but that is something to find out more about. If that Firefox 
extension is free software, then the "AB Svenska Pass"/Skatteverket 
alternative may be useful without installing any proprietary software.

What do you think, are there other alternatives regarding free/libre 
electronic identification systems?

Then there is the related question about payments, where the "Swish" 
system has become very much used, to the point where it's almost like 
everyone is expected to use Swish. But Swish is relying on BankID so it 
is not possible to use Swish without installing proprietary software, as 
far as I know.

Are there alternatives to Swish?

Any other thoughts or ideas related to this?

Best regards / Vänliga hälsningar
Elias Rudberg