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[Chinese-translators] University of Oxford Survey


From: Mark Starbuck
Subject: [Chinese-translators] University of Oxford Survey
Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:42:38 +0100

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD INTERNATIONAL TIPPING SURVEY: CHINA

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am a researcher at the University of Oxford investigating why people give and receive 'tips'.

I am currently collecting information on tipping practices in 60 countries including China using a short e-mail questionnaire. Please can you spend a few minutes to fill one in and return it to me. It does not require you to give details of your own tipping practices but rather of the tipping practices of the people living in China.

I would also be grateful if you could either send me the e-mail addresses of a handful of other people you know of your nationality to whom I could send the questionnaire, or if you prefer, pass it directly to them.

Respondents’ answers will be completely confidential. No names will be
recorded. A summary of the results will be placed in due course on the Sociology Department website (www.sociology.ox.ac.uk). Please e-mail me (address@hidden) if you have any questions or comments.

Thank-you in advance for your help.

Mark Starbuck

----------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE PRESS YOUR REPLY BUTTON TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONNAIRE
----------------------------------------------------------

        *** QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUCTIONS ***

Please answer all 3 Sections.

Here are some guidelines on how to complete Section 1.

QUESTION ‘a’ asks, ‘As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip [OCCUPATION, such as] TAXI DRIVERS?’ Put a ‘y’ in the brackets to indicate your answer. Answer this question for all 30 occupations. Please include details of what you think most Chinese usually do rather than describe your own tipping practices.

I define a ‘tip’ as:
A voluntary monetary payment for a service provided. It is normally paid to employees, but sometimes to self-employed, such as to a barber. The tip is additional to, and normally lower than the price paid for the good or service. A tip does not include ‘gifts in kind’ and is not a ‘service charge’ or a ‘bribe’.

* If the occupation does not exist in China, put ‘N/A’ next to the occupation, and go to the next occupation.

* If the occupation is ‘Normally’ or ‘Sometimes’ tipped, go to Question 2.

* If the occupation is ‘Never’ tipped or you ‘Don’t know’, do not answer Question 2 for that occupation, go to the next occupation.

QUESTION ‘b’ asks, ‘What type of tip do they usually give?’ I define the different types of tip as follows:

A CUSTOMARY AMOUNT or PERCENTAGE is an amount or percentage that is fixed by custom and a DISCRETIONARY AMOUNT is an amount that is freely chosen by an individual.

* Enter the amount if the tip is either a ‘Customary percentage’ or ‘Customary amount’ after the dotted lines.

* Include extra details such as ‘round up to the nearest…’ ‘per bag’ or ‘per day’ if necessary.

* Use the currency units of your country.

* Put ‘DK’ if you do not know the ‘Customary percentage’ or ‘Customary amount’.

EXAMPLE
1a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip TAXI DRIVERS?
(y) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

1b. What type of tip do they usually give?
(y) Customary percentage of… 10%
( ) Customary amount
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know
In the example, the respondent has indicated that Chinese taxi drivers are ‘normally tipped’ a ‘customary percentage of 10%’.

*********************************************************
          THE INTERNATIONAL TIPPING SURVEY
*********************************************************

SECTION 1: TIPPING PRACTICES IN CHINA

Please answer question ‘a’ for all 30 occupations and question ‘b’ for all the occupations that are ‘Normally’ or ‘Sometimes’ tipped.

1a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip TOUR GUIDES?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

1b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

2a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip TAXI DRIVERS (metered)?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

2b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

3a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip BUS DRIVERS (local services)?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

3b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

4a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip FLIGHT ATTENDANTS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

4b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

5a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HOTEL DOORMEN/WOMEN?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

5b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

6a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HOTEL LUGGAGE PORTERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

6b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

7a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HOTEL CHAMBERMAIDS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

7b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

8a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HOTEL ROOM SERVICE?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

8b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

9a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip RESTAURANT CHEFS/COOKS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

9b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

10a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip RESTAURANT MAITRE’DS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

10b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

11a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip RESTAURANT WAITERS/WAITRESSES?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

11b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

12a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip BARTENDERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

12b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

13a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip RESTROOM (W/C) ATTENDANTS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

13b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

14a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HAIRDRESSERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

14b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

15a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HAIRWASHERS/SHAMPOOISTS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

15b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

16a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip BEAUTICIANS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

16b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

17a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip CASINO CROUPIERS/DEALERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

17b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

18a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip THEATRE USHERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

18b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

19a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip SHOP ASSISTANTS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

19b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

20a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip FOOD DELIVERERS (e.g. pizza)?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

20b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

21a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip GAS STATION ATTENDANTS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

21b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

22a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip MOTOR VEHICLE MECHANICS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

22b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

23a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip SHOE-POLISHERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

23b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

24a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip GARBAGE COLLECTORS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

24b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

25a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

25b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

26a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip TEACHERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

26b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

27a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip HOSPITAL NURSES?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

27b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

28a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip POLICE OFFICERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

28b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

29a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip RELIGIOUS PROFESSIONALS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

29b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

30a. As far as you know, do you think Chinese tip FUNERAL UNDERTAKERS?
( ) Normally yes
( ) Sometimes
( ) Never
( ) Don’t know

30b. What type of tip do they usually give?
( ) Customary percentage of…
( ) Customary amount of…
( ) Discretionary amount
( ) Don’t know

------------------------------------
SECTION 2: ATTITUDES TOWARDS TIPPING
------------------------------------

Please complete questions 1-4.

1. What do Chinese generally feel about tipping?
( ) It is desirable
( ) It is acceptable
( ) It is undesirable
( ) It is to be avoided
( ) I don’t know

2. How are Chinese usually viewed if they DO NOT TIP when they receive a service of the quality they expected?
( ) Positively (e.g. they are OK, generous)
( ) Negatively (e.g. they are mean, stingy)
( ) Indifferently – neither positively or negatively
( ) I don’t know

3. How are Chinese usually viewed if they DO TIP when they receive a service of the quality they expected?
( ) Positively (e.g. they are OK, generous)
( ) Negatively (e.g. they are mean, stingy)
( ) Indifferently – neither positively or negatively
( ) I don’t know

4. What tipping customs do YOU usually adopt when you are in a foreign country?
( ) The Chinese customs
( ) The foreign customs, if I know them
( ) A mixture of both the Chinese and the foreign customs
( ) None

Please include any further comments regarding tipping in China.
For example, you can identify other occupations not mentioned in Section 1 that are regularly tipped in China; any anecdotes or stories about tipping; the Chinese name for ‘tip’ and ‘tipping’; variations in tipping practices by region or city in China etc.

--------------------------------------------------
SECTION 3: YOUR DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------

Please complete questions 1-4.
1. Which part of China do you (or did you) live?
Your Region...
Your Nearest City/Town...

2 What is your sex?
( ) Female
( ) Male

3. What is your age?
( ) 18-24
( ) 25-34
( ) 35-44
( ) 45-54
( ) 55-64
( ) 65+

4. What is your current occupation?...


***************************************************
THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING THIS QUESTIONNAIRE ***************************************************

Please forward the questionnaire by cutting/pasting to any of your friends or colleagues who may also be interested in completing the survey.



Mark Starbuck
Department of Sociology
University of Oxford


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