# LANGUAGE translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR
, YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: shouldbefree.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-03-23 18:27-0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2013-07-08 00:04+0200\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: www-el \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Poedit-Language: Greek\n" "X-Poedit-Country: GREECE\n" "X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8\n" #. type: Content of:msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "ÏÎ¿Ï Richard Stallman" #. type: Content of:
msgid "The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a copy. It is possible for them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is done? The individuals involved? Or another party, called the “owner”?" msgstr "Î ÏÏαÏξη ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ³ÎµÎ¯Ïει αναÏÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÏα Ïο εÏÏÏημα για Ïο ÏÏÏ ÏÏÎÏει να λαμβάνονÏαι οι αÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏεÏικά με Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï . Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, Î±Ï Ï ÏοθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι Îνα άÏομο ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏει Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î±Î½Ïά κάÏοιον άλλον, ο οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï Î¸Î± ήθελε να ÎÏει Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο. ÎÏ Ïοί θα μÏοÏοÏÏαν να ανÏιγÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμμα. Î Î¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î± ÏÏÎÏει να αÏοÏαÏίÏει αν Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏν να γίνει; Îι ίδοι οι εμÏλεκÏμενοι; Î, μήÏÏÏ, κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÏίÏοÏ, ο λεγÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï “ιδιοκÏήÏηϔ?" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Software developers typically consider these questions on the assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' profits. The political power of business has led to the government adoption of both this criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the program has an owner, typically a corporation associated with its development." msgstr "Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ/developers λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¾ÎµÏÎ¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½, κλαÏικά, Î±Ï Ïά Ïα εÏÏÏήμαÏα με βάÏη Ïην ÏÏοÏÏÏθεÏη ÏÏι Ïο κÏιÏήÏιο για Ïην αÏάνÏηÏη είναι η μεγιÏÏοÏοίηÏη ÏÏν κεÏδÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγοÏ/developer. Î ÏολιÏική δÏναμη ÏÏν εÏιÏειÏήÏεÏν οδήγηÏε Ïην ÎºÏ Î²ÎÏνηÏη ÏÏην Ï Î¹Î¿Î¸ÎÏηÏη ÏÏÏο Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏιÏηÏÎ¯Î¿Ï , ÏÏο και ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏάνÏηÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ οι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ/developers: ÏÏι Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ανήκει Ïε Îναν ιδιοκÏήÏη, ÏÏ Ïικά Ïε μια μεγάλη εÏαιÏεία ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎεÏαι με Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î® ÏÎ¿Ï ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion: the prosperity and freedom of the public in general." msgstr "Îα ήθελα να εξεÏάÏÏ Ïο ίδιο εÏÏÏημα, αλλά ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Îνα διαÏοÏεÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏιÏήÏιο: Ïην ÎµÏ Î·Î¼ÎµÏία και Ïην ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏία ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Î¿Ï, γενικά." #. type: Content of:
msgid "This answer cannot be decided by current law—the law should conform to ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current practice decide this question, although it may suggest possible answers. The only way to judge is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of software, why, and how much. In other words, we should perform a cost-benefit analysis on behalf of society as a whole, taking account of individual freedom as well as production of material goods." msgstr "ÎÏ Ïή η αÏάνÏηÏη δεν μÏοÏεί να ληÏθεί με βάÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏαÏÏνÏÎµÏ Î½ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï—Î¿ νÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏ Î¼Î¼Î¿ÏÏÏνεÏαι με Ïην ηθική, και ÏÏι Ïο ανÏίÏÏÏοÏο. Îλλά οÏÏε και η ÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Ïα ÏÏακÏική είναι Î±Ï Ïή ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± κÏίνει Ïην αÏÏÏαÏη, αν και μÏοÏεί να ειÏηγηθεί ÏιθανÎÏ Î±ÏανÏήÏειÏ. ΠμÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± κÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ, είναι να δοÏμε ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î²Î¿Î·Î¸Î¬Ïαι και ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î²Î»Î¬ÏÏεÏαι αÏÏ Ïην αναγνÏÏιÏη ÏÏαÏÎ¾Î·Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏηÏÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, γιαÏί και Ïε Ïοιο βαθμÏ. Îε άλλα λÏγια, θα ÏÏÎÏει να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια Î±Î½Î¬Î»Ï Ïη κÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï-ÏÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± λογαÏιαÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ»Î·Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ, λαμβάνονÏÎ±Ï Ï Ï' ÏÏη ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏομικÎÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏίεÏ, καθÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην ÏαÏαγÏγή Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÏν αγαθÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show that the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that programmers have the duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve the software we write: in other words, to write “free” software.(1)" msgstr "Σε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο δοκίμιο, θα ÏεÏιγÏάÏÏ Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏαÏÎ¾Î·Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏηÏÏν, και θα Î´ÎµÎ¯Î¾Ï ÏÏι Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα είναι εÏιζήμια. Το ÏÏ Î¼ÏÎÏαÏμά Î¼Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏι οι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïο καθήκον να ενθαÏÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï Î½Î± μοιÏάζονÏαι, να αναδιανÎÎ¼Î¿Ï Î½, να μελεÏοÏν, και να βελÏιÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î³ÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ: με άλλα λÏγια, να γÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ “free” ÎογιÏμικÏ.(1)" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the emotional argument and the economic argument." msgstr "Îκείνοι ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏÏÏελοÏνÏαι αÏÏ Ïο ÏαÏÏν ÏÏÏÏημα, ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα αÏοÏελοÏν ιδιοκÏηÏία, ÏÏÎ¿Î²Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Î½ δÏο εÏιÏειÏήμαÏα για να Ï ÏοÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¾Î¿Ï Î½ Ïη διεκδίκηÏή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην ιδιοκÏηÏία ÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν: Ïο ÏÏ Î½Î±Î¹ÏθημαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÏιÏείÏημα και Ïο Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÏιÏείÏημα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my heart, my soul into this program. It comes from me, it's mine!”" msgstr "Το ÏÏ Î½Î±Î¹ÏθημαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÏιÏείÏημα Ï ÏοÏÏηÏίζει Ïα εξήÏ: “ÎÎ³Ï Îβαλα Ïον ιδÏÏÏα Î¼Î¿Ï , Ïην καÏδιά Î¼Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην ÏÏ Ïή Î¼Î¿Ï Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα. Î ÏοÎÏÏεÏαι αÏÏ ÎµÎ¼Îνα, είναι Î´Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î¿Ï !”" #. type: Content of:
msgid "This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast, consider the great artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their names to their work. To them, the name of the artist was not important. What mattered was that the work was done—and the purpose it would serve. This view prevailed for hundreds of years." msgstr "ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο εÏιÏείÏημα δεν αÏαιÏεί ÏοβαÏή αναÏÎºÎµÏ Î®. Το αίÏθημα ÏÏοÏκÏλληÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î¹ ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να Ïο καλλιεÏγοÏν ÏÏαν ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î²Î¿Î»ÎµÏει. Îεν είναι κάÏι αναÏÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÏο. ΠάÏÏε Ï Ï' ÏÏη ÏαÏ, για ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏÏο οικειοθελÏÏ Î±Ï Ïοί οι ίδιοι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÎµÎºÏÏÏοÏν ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Ïλα Ïα δικαιÏμαÏα Ïε μια μεγάλη εÏαιÏεία, ÎνανÏι ενÏÏ Î¼Î¹ÏθοÏ. ΤÏÏε, η ÏÏ Î½Î±Î¹ÏθημαÏική ÏÏοÏκÏλληÏη, Î¼Ï ÏÏηÏιÏδÏÏ, εξαÏανίζεÏαι. ÎαÏ' ανÏιÏαÏάθεÏη, ÏάÏÏε Ï Ï' ÏÏη ÏÎ±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î»Î¹ÏÎÏÎ½ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏεÏνίÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎεÏαίÏνα, οι οÏοίοι δεν Ï ÏÎγÏαÏαν καν Ïη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼Îµ Ïο Ïνομά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. Îι' Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ, Ïο Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î»Î¹ÏÎÏνη δεν ήÏαν ÏημανÏικÏ. ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÏÏοÏÏε ήÏαν να γίνει η Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬—και ο ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± ÎµÎ¾Ï ÏηÏεÏοÏÏε. ÎÏ Ïή η άÏοÏη Ï ÏεÏίÏÏÏ Ïε για εκαÏονÏÎ¬Î´ÎµÏ ÏÏÏνια." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich (usually described inaccurately as ‘making a living’), and if you don't allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't program. Everyone else is like me, so nobody will ever program. And then you'll be stuck with no programs at all!” This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice from the wise." msgstr "Το Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÏιÏείÏημα Ï ÏοÏÏηÏίζει Ïα εξήÏ: “ÎÎÎ»Ï Î½Î± Î³Î¯Î½Ï ÏλοÏÏÎ¹Î¿Ï (Î±Ï ÏÏ, ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ, ÏεÏιγÏάÏεÏαι με ανακÏιβή ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏ ‘για να βιοÏοÏιÏÏÏ’), και αν δεν Î¼Î¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏεÏε να Î³Î¯Î½Ï ÏλοÏÏÎ¹Î¿Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏίζονÏαÏ, ÏÏÏε δεν θα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏίÏÏ. Îλοι είναι Ïαν εμÎνα, οÏÏÏε, ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ θα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏίÏει ÏοÏÎ. Îαι ÏÏÏε, θα βÏείÏε ÏκοÏÏα, ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÎºÎ±Î¸ÏÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα!” ÎÏ Ïή η αÏειλή ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏÏεÏαι ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ ÏÏ Ïιλική ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Ï Î»Î® εκ μÎÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to address an implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the argument." msgstr "Îα εξηγήÏÏ Î±ÏγÏÏεÏα γιαÏί Î±Ï Ïή η αÏειλή είναι μια μÏλÏÏα. Î ÏÏÏα, θÎÎ»Ï Î½Î± ανÏιμεÏÏÏίÏÏ Î¼Î¯Î± άλλη Ï ÏονοοÏμενη Ï ÏÏθεÏη εÏγαÏίαÏ, η οÏοία είναι Ïιο οÏαÏή, με μια διαÏοÏεÏική διαÏÏÏÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏειÏήμαÏοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a proprietary program with that of no program, and then concludes that proprietary software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two outcomes—proprietary software versus no software—and assuming there are no other possibilities." msgstr "ÎÏ Ïή η Ï ÏÏθεÏη εÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±ÏÏίζει ÏÏ Î³ÎºÏίνονÏÎ±Ï Ïην κοινÏνική ÏÏηÏιμÏÏηÏα ενÏÏ Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÏαγοÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ εκείνη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¸ÏÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹, μεÏά, ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏαίνει ÏÏι η ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· ιδιοÏαγÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν είναι, ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¬, εÏÏÏÎµÎ»Î®Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην κοινÏνία και θα ÎÏÏεÏε να ενθαÏÏÏνεÏαι. Το Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏάλμα ÎµÎ´Ï ÎγκειÏαι ÏÏη ÏÏγκÏιÏη μÏνο δÏο εκβάÏεÏν—ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Ïε ÏÏγκÏιÏη με καθÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Ïμικϗκαι ÏÏοÏÏοθÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏι δεν Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏεÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy decision that we are questioning: the decision to have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software versus no software is begging the question." msgstr "Îε δεδομÎνη Ïην ÏÏαÏξη ενÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏÏαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÎ½ÎµÏ Î¼Î±ÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν copyright για Ïο λογιÏμικÏ, η ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎεÏαι, ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ, με Ïην ÏÏαÏξη ενÏÏ Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏήÏη, ο οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï ÎµÎ»ÎγÏει Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ. ÎÏÏÏον Ï ÏάÏÏει Î±Ï Ïή η διαÏÏνδεÏη, βÏιÏκÏμαÏÏε ÏÏ Ïνά ανÏιμÎÏÏÏοι με Ïην εÏιλογή ανάμεÏα ÏÏο ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î® ÏÏο ÏίÏοÏα. ΠάνÏÏÏ, Î±Ï Ïή η ÏÏνδεÏη δεν είναι οÏÏε εγγενήÏ, οÏÏε αναÏÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÏη. Îίναι ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎÎ½Î·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνικήÏ/Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î±ÏÏÏαÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î¼ÏιÏβηÏοÏμε: ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏÏÏαÏÎ·Ï ÏεÏί ÏÏαÏÎ¾Î·Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏηÏÏν. ÎÎÏονÏÎ¬Ï Ïο Ïαν μια εÏιλογή ανάμεÏα ÏÏο ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏο καθÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικÏ, ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏά μια μοÏÏή Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏÎ»Î¬Î½Î·Ï (ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï “á¼Î½ á¼ÏÏá¿ Îá¼°Ïεá¿Ïθαι”)." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked with having owners to restrict the use of it?”" msgstr "Το θÎμα είναι, “Îα ÏÏÎÏει η ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎεÏαι με Ïην ÏÏαÏξη ιδιοκÏηÏÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏεÏιοÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ η ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ;”" #. type: Content of:
msgid "In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each of those two activities independently: the effect of developing the software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If one of these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be better off dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one." msgstr "Îια να Ïο αÏοÏαÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏ, ÏÏÎÏει να εκÏιμήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ανεξάÏÏηÏα Ïο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα, ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏην κοινÏνία, ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï Î´Ïο δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏεÏ: Ïο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ Î¾Î·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (άÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Ïον ÏÏÏÏο Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ), και Ïο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιοÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï (εÏÏÏον αναÏÏÏÏθηκε Ïο λογιÏμικÏ). Îν η μία αÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Ïο δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏήÏιμη και η άλλη βλαÏÏική, θα ήÏαν καλÏÏεÏα να αÏοÏÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη διαÏÏνδεÏη και να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μÏνον Ïην εÏÏÏελή δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software developer will reject the option of doing so." msgstr "Îια να Ïο θÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ διαÏοÏεÏικά, αν ο ÏεÏιοÏιÏμÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î®Î´Î· αναÏÏÏÏθηκε είναι ζημιογÏνοÏ, ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¬, για Ïην κοινÏνία, ÏÏÏε ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏÏ ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± αÏοÏÏίÏει Ïην εÏιλογή να κάνει κάÏι ÏÎÏοιο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of the same program, available to everyone. This means comparing two possible worlds." msgstr "Îια να εκÏιμήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιοÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏον διαμοιÏαÏμÏ, ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏ Î³ÎºÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην αξία ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏει για μια κοινÏνία Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î²ÏίÏκεÏαι Ï ÏÏ ÏεÏιοÏιÏÎ¼Ï (δηλ. Îνα ιδιοÏαγÎÏ ÏÏÏγÏαμμα) με Ïην αξία ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± είÏε Ïο ίδιο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, αν ήÏαν ελεÏθεÏα διαθÎÏιμο ÏÏον καθÎνα. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïημαίνει Ïη ÏÏγκÏιÏη μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï Î´Ïο ÏιθανÏν κÏÏμÏν," #. type: Content of:
msgid "This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made that “the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.” This counterargument assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in magnitude. The analysis involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows that the benefit is much greater." msgstr "ÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Ï Î· Î±Î½Î¬Î»Ï Ïη, ανÏικÏοÏει, εÏίÏηÏ, Ïο αÏÎ»Ï Î±Î½ÏεÏιÏείÏημα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοβάλλεÏαι ενίοÏε και Ïο οÏοίο λÎει ÏÏÏ “Ïο ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± ÏÏοÎÎºÏ ÏÏε αÏÏ Ïο να δανείÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏον γείÏονα Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, αναιÏείÏαι αÏÏ Ïη ζημιά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏίÏÏαÏαι ο ιδιοκÏήÏηÏ.” ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο ανÏεÏιÏείÏημα ÏÏοÏÏοθÎÏει ÏÏι η ζημιά και Ïο ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ιÏοδÏναμα Ïε μÎγεθοÏ. Î Î±Î½Î¬Î»Ï Ïη ÏεÏιλαμβάνει Ïην ÏÏγκÏιÏη Î±Ï ÏÏν ÏÏν μεγεθÏν, και αÏοδεικνÏει ÏÏι Ïο ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ καÏά ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î±Î»ÏÏεÏο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road construction." msgstr "Îια να ξεκαθαÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïα ÏÏάγμαÏα με Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο εÏιÏείÏημα, Î±Ï Ïο εÏαÏμÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïε Îναν άλλον ÏομÎα: ÏÏην καÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î® δÏÏμÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls. This would entail having toll booths at all street corners. Such a system would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It would also have the virtue of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road. However, a toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth driving—artificial, because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars work." msgstr "Îα ήÏαν εÏικÏή η ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη ÏλÏν ÏÏν δÏÏμÏν μÎÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏÎ¹Î²Î¿Î»Î®Ï Î´Î¹Î¿Î´Î¯Ïν. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î± Ïήμαινε Ïην ÏοÏοθÎÏηÏη ÏÏαθμÏν είÏÏÏÎ±Î¾Î·Ï Î´Î¹Î¿Î´Î¯Ïν Ïε ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¿Î´Î¹ÎºÎ¿ÏÏ ÎºÏÎ¼Î²Î¿Ï Ï. Îνα ÏÎÏοιο ÏÏÏÏημα θα Îδινε Îνα μεγάλο κίνηÏÏο ÏÏη βελÏίÏÏη ÏÏν δÏÏμÏν. Îα αÏÎÏεÏε, εÏίÏηÏ, Ïο ÏÏÏÏθεÏο ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Î½Î± κάνει ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î´Î®ÏοÏε δÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î½Î± ÏληÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ για Ïον δÏÏμο Î±Ï ÏÏν. ÎμÏÏ, ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏαθμÏÏ Î´Î¹Î¿Î´Î¯Ïν ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏά Îνα ÏεÏνηÏÏ ÎµÎ¼ÏÏδιο ÏÏην άνεÏη οδήγηÏη—και είναι ÏεÏνηÏÏ Î´Î¹ÏÏι δεν αÏοÏελεί ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ³Î¯Î±Ï ÏÏν δÏÏμÏν ή ÏÏν Î±Ï ÏοκινήÏÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that (all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to construct, cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.(2) In a poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens. The roads without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at less cost; they are preferable for society. Therefore, society should choose to fund roads in another way, not by means of toll booths. Use of roads, once built, should be free." msgstr "Îν ÏÏ Î³ÎºÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ÏÏεάν δÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï, με ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοβλÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ διÏδια, με βάÏη Ïη ÏÏηÏιμÏÏηÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, ÏÏÏε (Ï ÏÏ Ïην ÏÏοÏÏÏθεÏη ÏÏÏ Ïλα Ïα Ï ÏÏλοιÏα είναι Ïα ίδια) θα ανακαλÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι οι δÏÏμοι ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î´Î¹Ïδια είναι ÏθηνÏÏεÏοι ÏÏην καÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î® ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, αÏÏαλÎÏÏεÏοι και Ïιο αÏοÏελεÏμαÏικοί ÏÏη ÏÏήÏη.(2) Σε μια ÏÏÏÏή ÏÏÏα, Ïα διÏδια μÏοÏεί να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï Î¼Î· ÏÏοÏβάÏÎ¹Î¼Î¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏολλοÏÏ ÏολίÏεÏ. Îι δÏÏμοι ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÏÏαθμοÏÏ Î´Î¹Î¿Î´Î¯Ïν ÏÏοÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½, ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏÏÏ, ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα οÏÎλη ÏÏην κοινÏνία, με λιγÏÏεÏο κÏÏÏοÏ. Îίναι ÏÏοÏιμÏÏεÏοι για Ïην κοινÏνία. ÎÏα, η κοινÏνία ÏÏÎÏει να εÏιλÎξει Ïην ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη ÏÏν δÏÏμÏν με κάÏοιÏν άλλον ÏÏÏÏο, και ÏÏι με ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏαθμοÏÏ Î´Î¹Î¿Î´Î¯Ïν. Î ÏÏήÏη ÏÏν δÏÏμÏν, ÏÏαν καÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î±ÏθοÏν, ÏÏÎÏει να είναι δÏÏεάν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "When the advocates of toll booths propose them as merely a way of raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll booths do raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they degrade the road. The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving us more or technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this means substituting toll roads for free roads." msgstr "ÎÏαν οι ÏÏ Î½Î®Î³Î¿Ïοι ÏÏν διοδίÏν Ïα ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ καθαÏά ÏÏ Îναν ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏηÏ, διαÏÏÏεβλÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην διαθÎÏιμη εÏιλογή. Îι ÏÏαθμοί διοδίÏν ÏÏάγμαÏι μαζεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏήμαÏα, αλλά ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½, εÏίÏηÏ, και κάÏι άλλο: ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα, Ï ÏÎ¿Î²Î±Î¸Î¼Î¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïον δÏÏμο. Îι δÏÏμοι με διÏδια δεν είναι ÏÏÏο καλοί ÏÏο οι δÏÏεάν δÏÏμοι. Το να Î¼Î±Ï Î´Î¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ï, ή ÏεÏνικά ανÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï, μÏοÏεί να μην αÏοÏελεί βελÏίÏÏη, εάν Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïημαίνει Ïην ανÏικαÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏν δÏÏεάν δÏÏμÏν αÏÏ Î´ÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï Î¼Îµ διÏδια." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the public must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability of toll booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for our money by buying a free road." msgstr "ÎÎβαια, η καÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î® ενÏÏ Î´ÏÏεάν δÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÎºÎ¿ÏÏίζει ÏÏήμαÏα, Ïα οÏοία Ïο ÎημÏÏιο θα ÏÏÎÏει με κάÏοιον ÏÏÏÏο να Ïα ÏληÏÏÏει. ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη, Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ οδηγεί Ï ÏοÏÏεÏÏικά ÏÏο αναÏÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÏο ÏÏν διοδίÏν. ÎμείÏ, ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î¼Î±ÏÏε και ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î´Ïο ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Î¹ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± ÏληÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ, βλÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι με Ïα ÏÏήμαÏά Î¼Î±Ï Î±ÏÎ¿Î»Î±Î¼Î²Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα οÏÎλη αγοÏάζονÏÎ±Ï Îναν δÏÏεάν δÏÏμο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the road—but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector. However, as long as the toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better to raise the funds in a less obstructive fashion." msgstr "Îεν λÎÏ ÏÏι ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î´ÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ διÏδια είναι ÏειÏÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο να μην ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ καθÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î´ÏÏμο. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î± ήÏαν αλήθεια αν Ïο ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏν διοδίÏν ήÏαν ÏÎÏοιο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏεδÏν ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± μην μÏοÏεί να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί Î±Ï ÏÏν Ïον δÏÏμο—Î±Ï Ïή, ÏμÏÏ, είναι αÏίθανο να είναι μια ÏακÏική για Îναν ÎλεγκÏή ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¹ÏÏÏάÏÏει διÏδια. ΠάνÏÏÏ, αÏÏ Ïη ÏÏιγμή ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î¹ ÏÏαθμοί διοδίÏν Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγοÏν ÏημανÏική ÏÏαÏάλη και ενÏÏληÏη, είναι καλÏÏεÏα να ανÏλείÏαι η ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη με Îνα λιγÏÏεÏο ÏκληÏÏ ÏÏÏÏο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show that having “toll booths” for useful software programs costs society dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use. It will follow that program construction should be encouraged in some other way. Then I will go on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to the extent actually necessary) funding software development." msgstr "Îια να εÏαÏμÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïο ίδιο εÏιÏείÏημα και ÏÏην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏμικοÏ, θα αÏÎ¿Î´ÎµÎ¯Î¾Ï ÏÏι Ïο να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ“ÏÏαθμοÏÏ Î´Î¹Î¿Î´Î¯Ïν” για ÏÏήÏιμα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα λογιÏμικοÏ, κοÏÏίζει ακÏιβά ÏÏην κοινÏνία: κάνει Ïιο ακÏιβή Ïη Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγία ÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν, Ïιο δαÏανηÏή Ïη διανομή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, και Ïα κάνει λιγÏÏεÏο αÏÎ¿Î»Î±Ï ÏÏικά και αÏοÏελεÏμαÏικά ÏÏη ÏÏήÏη. ÎαÏά ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια, η Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγία ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν ÏÏÎÏει να ενθαÏÏÏνεÏαι με κάÏοιον άλλον ÏÏÏÏο. ΣÏη ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια, θα εξηγήÏÏ Î¼ÎµÏικÎÏ Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¸ÏÎ´Î¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ½Î¸Î¬ÏÏÏ Î½ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏÎ·Ï (ÏÏο Î²Î±Î¸Î¼Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏάγμαÏι αÏαÏαίÏηÏο) για Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏμικοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must choose either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use. Assume that the existence of the program and its availability is a desirable thing.(3)" msgstr "ÎÏ Ï ÏοθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ, για μια ÏÏιγμή, ÏÏι Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÎÏει ήδη αναÏÏÏ Ïθεί και ÏÏι οι αÏαÏαίÏηÏÎµÏ ÎµÏενδÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î® ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ήδη γίνει. ΤÏÏα, η κοινÏνία ÏÏÎÏει να εÏιλÎξει είÏε να Ïο κάνει ιδιοÏαγÎÏ, είÏε να εÏιÏÏÎÏει Ïην ελεÏθεÏη διανομή και ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï . ÎÏ Ï ÏοθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι η ÏÏαÏξη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ η διαθεÏιμÏÏηÏά ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εÏÎ¹Î¸Ï Î¼Î·Ïά ÏÏάγμαÏα.(3)" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can only be negative. But how much? And what kind?" msgstr "Îι ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοί ÏÏη διανομή και ÏÏοÏοÏοίηÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ μÏοÏοÏν να Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¿Î»ÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï . ÎÏοÏοÏν μÏνον να δÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏαÏενοÏλÏνÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹, ÎÏÏι, Ïο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα μÏοÏεί να είναι μÏνον αÏνηÏικÏ. Îλλά, καÏά ÏÏÏο; Îαι Ïι ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Ï;" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:" msgstr "ΤÏία διαÏοÏεÏικά εÏίÏεδα Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να ÏÏοκÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αÏÏ ÏÎÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Ï ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ:" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial harm. This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their subsequent feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in people's ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their relationships with their fellow citizens, and can have material consequences." msgstr "Το κάθε εÏίÏεδο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï ÎÏει και μια ανÏίÏÏοιÏη μοÏÏή ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î±Î½Î±ÏÎÏεÏαι ÏÏο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ οι αÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν ÏÏα αιÏθήμαÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιÏοÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î¸ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγοÏνÏαι. ÎÏ ÏÎÏ Î¿Î¹ αλλαγÎÏ ÏÏον ÏÏÏÏο ÏκÎÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν θα ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½, ÏÏη ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια, Îνα ÏεÏαιÏÎÏÏ Î±ÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏ Î¼ÏολίÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, και Î±Ï ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να οδηγήÏει Ïε Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎÏ ÏÏ Î½ÎÏειεÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they waste nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program harms society by at most the effort that went into writing the program. Arguably a program that is profitable to sell must provide some net direct material benefit." msgstr "Τα ÏÏία εÏίÏεδα Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï Î±ÎºÏ ÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Îνα Ïμήμα ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î¾Î¯Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα εμÏεÏιÎÏει και θα μÏοÏοÏÏε να ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹ÏÏÎÏει, αλλά δεν Ïην μειÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏο μηδÎν. Îν ÎµÎ¾Î¿Ï Î´ÎµÏεÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïλη Ïην αξία ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, ÏÏÏε η ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏή ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï Î²Î»Î¬ÏÏει Ïην κοινÏνία ÏαÏαÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ ÏÏη ήÏαν η ÏÏοÏÏάθεια ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. ÎÏλογα, Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ κεÏδοÏÏÏο ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏλήÏειÏ, ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει κάÏοιο καθαÏÏ Î¬Î¼ÎµÏο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏελοÏ. " #. type: Content of:
msgid "However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is no limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do." msgstr "ΠάνÏÏÏ, λαμβάνονÏÎ±Ï Ï Ï' ÏÏη Ïην ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÏονη ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏνική ζημιά, δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏÏιο ÏÏη ζημιά ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να εÏιÏÎÏει η ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· ενÏÏ Î¹Î´Î¹ÏκÏηÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy of a program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price. A license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program. If a widely useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it." msgstr "Το ÏÏÏÏο εÏίÏεδο Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï ÎµÎ¼Ïοδίζει Ïην αÏλή ÏÏήÏη ενÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο ενÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏει ÏÏεδÏν Îνα Î¼Î·Î´ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ ÎÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ ÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï (και μÏοÏείÏε να Ïο ÏληÏÏÏεÏε κάνονÏÎ±Ï Î¼Ïνοι ÏÎ±Ï Ïη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬), οÏÏÏε Ïε μια ελεÏθεÏη αγοÏά, θα ÎÏει μία ÏÏεδÏν μηδενική Ïιμή. Î ÏÏαÏξη ενÏÏ ÎºÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î´ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï, αÏοÏελεί Îνα ιÏÏÏ ÏÏ Î±Î½ÏικίνηÏÏο για Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. Îάν Îνα ÎµÏ ÏÎÏÏ ÏÏήÏιμο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα είναι ιδιοÏαγÎÏ, Ïολλοί λιγÏÏεÏοι άνθÏÏÏοι θα Ïο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society is reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of the program, faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer of wealth between two parties. But each time someone chooses to forego use of the program, this harms that person without benefiting anyone. The sum of negative numbers and zeros must be negative." msgstr "Îίναι εÏκολο να αÏοδειÏθεί ÏÏι η ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ® ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹ÏÏοÏά ενÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏην κοινÏνία μειÏνεÏαι αν καθιεÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îναν ιδιοκÏήÏη για Î±Ï ÏÏ. Πκάθε εν Î´Ï Î½Î¬Î¼ÎµÎ¹ ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, ÏÏαν ÎÏθει ανÏιμÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην Ï ÏοÏÏÎÏÏη να ÏληÏÏÏει για να Ïο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει, μÏοÏεί να εÏιλÎξει να ÏληÏÏÏει, ή μÏοÏεί να αÏοÏÏίÏει ενÏελÏÏ Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. ÎÏαν ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏοÏαÏίÏει να ÏληÏÏÏει, Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ μια μεÏαÏοÏά ÏλοÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î·Î´ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï-αθÏοίÏμαÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏν δÏο μεÏÏν. Îάθε ÏοÏά, ÏμÏÏ, ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î±ÏοÏαÏίζει να αÏοÏÏίÏει Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, Î±Ï ÏÏ Î²Î»Î¬ÏÏει Ïο άÏομο Î±Ï ÏÏ, ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏελείÏαι ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï. Το άθÏοιÏμα ÏÏν αÏιθμÏν με αÏνηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημο και ÏÏν μηδενικÏν, ÏÏÎÏει να είναι αÏνηÏικÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to develop the program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced." msgstr "ÎÏ ÏÏ, ÏμÏÏ, δεν μειÏνει Ïον Ïγκο Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏαιÏείÏαι για Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. ÎαÏά ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια, η αÏοÏελεÏμαÏικÏÏηÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î´Î¹ÎºÎ±ÏίαÏ, αÏÏ Ïην άÏοÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÏÎµÎ»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¹ÎºÎ±Î½Î¿ÏοίηÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏήÏÏη ανά ÏÏα Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬Ï, μειÏνεÏαι." #. type: Content of:
msgid "This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars, chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material objects outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy; anyone can produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort. This isn't true for material objects because matter is conserved: each new copy has to be built from raw materials in the same way that the first copy was built." msgstr "ÎÏ ÏÏ Î±Î½ÏιÏÏοÏÏÏεÏει μια κÏίÏιμη διαÏοÏά ανάμεÏα ÏÏα ανÏίγÏαÏα ÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν και Ïα Î±Ï ÏοκίνηÏα, ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±ÏÎÎºÎ»ÎµÏ Î® Ïα ÏάνÏÎ¿Ï Î¹ÏÏ. Îεν Ï ÏάÏÏει κανÎνα ανÏιγÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î·Ïάνημα για Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ανÏικείμενα, με εξαίÏεÏη Ïην εÏιÏÏημονική ÏανÏαÏία. Τα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα, ÏμÏÏ, είναι εÏκολο να ανÏιγÏαÏοÏν. ΠκαθÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να ÏαÏάγει ÏÏα ανÏίγÏαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏειάζονÏαι, και μάλιÏÏα με ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏή ÏÏοÏÏάθεια. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ιÏÏÏει για Ïα Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ανÏικείμενα, διÏÏι η Ïλη διαÏηÏείÏαι: Ïο κάθε νÎο ανÏίγÏαÏο ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏιαÏÏεί αÏÏ Î±ÎºÎ±ÏÎÏγαÏÏα Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¬. ακÏιβÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïον ίδιο ÏÏÏÏο με Ïον οÏοίο ÏÏιάÏÏηκε και Ïο ÏÏÏÏο αÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½ÏίγÏαÏο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because fewer objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make them. It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development cost, which is spread over the production run. But as long as the marginal cost of production is significant, adding a share of the development cost does not make a qualitative difference. And it does not require restrictions on the freedom of ordinary users." msgstr "Îε Ïα Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ανÏικείμενα, Îνα ανÏικίνηÏÏο για να Ïα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¸Î± είÏε νÏημα, διÏÏι αν αγοÏαζÏÏαν λιγÏÏεÏα ανÏικείμενα θα Ïήμαινε ÏÏι θα ÏÏειαζÏÏαν λιγÏÏεÏη ÏοÏÏÏηÏα ακαÏÎÏγαÏÏÏν ÏÏÏÏÏν Ï Î»Ïν και εÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην ÏαÏαγÏγή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. ÎληθεÏει ÏÏι Ï ÏάÏÏει, ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ, και Îνα κάÏοιο αÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏÏÏοÏ, Îνα κÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ Î¾Î·Ï, Ïο οÏοίο καÏανÎμεÏαι καÏά Ïη διάÏκεια ÏÎ·Ï ÏεÏιÏÎ´Î¿Ï ÏαÏαγÏγήÏ. Îλλά, ÏÏο Î²Î±Î¸Î¼Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ïο ÎÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ ÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏαγÏÎ³Î®Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏημανÏικÏ, η ÏÏοÏθήκη ενÏÏ ÎºÎ»Î¬ÏμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ Î¾Î·Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ κάνει μια ÏοιοÏική διαÏοÏά. Îαι δεν αÏαιÏεί ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏν ÏÏ Î½Î·Î¸Î¹ÏμÎνÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is a qualitative change. A centrally imposed fee for software distribution becomes a powerful disincentive." msgstr "Σε κάθε ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη, η εÏιβολή Î¼Î¹Î±Ï ÏÎ¹Î¼Î®Ï Ïε κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏοÏεÏικά θα ήÏαν δÏÏεάν, αÏοÏελεί μια ÏοιοÏική αλλαγή. Îνα κενÏÏικÏÏ ÎµÏιβαλλÏμενο Ïίμημα για Ïην διανομή ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, γίνεÏαι Îνα ιÏÏÏ ÏÏ Î±Î½ÏικίνηÏÏο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as a means of delivering copies of software. This system involves enclosing physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers of them around the world, and storing them for sale. This cost is presented as an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the waste caused by having owners." msgstr "ÎÏιÏλÎον, η κενÏÏική ÏαÏαγÏγή, ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏÏ Î³Î¯Î½ÎµÏαι ÏÏÏα, είναι αναÏοÏελεÏμαÏική ακÏμη και Ïαν μÎÏο για Ïη διανομή ανÏιγÏάÏÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏοβλÎÏει Ïην ÏÏ ÏÎºÎµÏ Î±Ïία ÏÏ ÏικÏν δίÏκÏν (ή ÏαινιÏν) Ïε άÏÏηÏÏα ÏακÎÏα, Ïην αÏοÏÏολή μεγάλÏν ÏοÏοÏήÏÏν αÏÏ Î±Ï Ïά Ïε ÏαγκοÏμίÏÏ, και Ïην αÏÎ¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ Ïή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏληÏη. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο κÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏÎ¿Ï ÏιάζεÏαι ÏÏ ÎºÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην εÏιÏειÏημαÏική δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏα. ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα, δεν είναι ÏαÏά Îνα Ïμήμα ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏαÏÎ¬Î»Î·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγείÏαι αÏÏ Ïην ÏÏαÏξη ιδιοκÏηÏÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel that proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it. A proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while restraining the other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should find it acceptable." msgstr "ÎÏ Ï ÏοθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι ÏÏÏο εÏείÏ, ÏÏο και ο γείÏÎ¿Î½Î¬Ï ÏαÏ, βÏίÏκεÏε ÏÏήÏιμο να εκÏελÎÏεÏε Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα. ÎÏÏ Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ½Î´Î¹Î±ÏÎÏον για Ïον γείÏονά ÏαÏ, θα ÏÏÎÏει να νοιÏθεÏε ÏÏι ο καÏÎ¬Î»Î»Î·Î»Î¿Ï ÏειÏιÏμÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÏεÏίÏÏαÏÎ·Ï Î¸Î± δίνει Ïην Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα και ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´Ï Î¿ ÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± Ïο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε. Îία άδεια ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± εÏιÏÏÎÏει μÏνο ÏÏον Îναν αÏÏ ÎµÏÎ¬Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, ÎµÎ½Ï ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÏονα ÏεÏιοÏίζει Ïον άλλον, θα Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγοÏÏε διÏαÏμÏ. Îεν θα βÏίÏκαÏε κάÏι ÏÎÏοιο αÏοδεκÏÏ Î¿ÏÏε εÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î¿ÏÏε ο γείÏÎ¿Î½Î¬Ï ÏαÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your neighbor: “I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I can have a copy for myself.” People who make such choices feel internal psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the importance of helping one's neighbors—thus public spirit suffers. This is psychosocial harm associated with the material harm of discouraging use of the program." msgstr "Î¥ÏογÏάÏονÏÎ±Ï Î¼Î¯Î± ÏÏ Ïική άδεια ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, Ïημαίνει ÏÏι ÏÏοδίδεÏε Ïον γείÏονά ÏαÏ: “Î¥ÏÏÏÏομαι ÏÏÏ Î¸Î± ÏÏεÏήÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïον γείÏονά Î¼Î¿Ï Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να ÎÏÏ ÎµÎ³Ï Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο για Ïον ÎµÎ±Ï ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï .” Îι άνθÏÏÏοι ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ ÎµÏιλογÎÏ, αιÏθάνονÏαι μια εÏÏÏεÏική ÏÏ Ïολογική ÏίεÏη να ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹ÎºÎ±Î¹Î¿Î»Î¿Î³Î®ÏÎ¿Ï Î½, Ï ÏοβαθμίζονÏÎ±Ï Ïη ÏημαÏία ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± βοηθά ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïον γείÏονά ÏÎ¿Ï —t Îε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïον ÏÏÏÏο, Ïο ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Ï Î±Î¯Ïθημα αλληλεγγÏÎ·Ï Ï ÏοÏÎÏει. ÎÏ Ïή είναι μια ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏνική ζημιά ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎεÏαι με Ïην Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ® ζημιά ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏοÏÏοÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway. But they often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must break the laws in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the laws authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which they are) is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of psychosocial harm, but one can escape it by deciding that these licenses and laws have no moral force." msgstr "Πολλοί ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Ïο ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹Î´Î·ÏοÏοιοÏν, ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Î»Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï Î½Î± αÏνοÏνÏαι Ïο διαμοιÏαÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹, ÎÏÏι, αÏοÏαÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ να αγνοοÏν ÏÎ¹Ï Î¬Î´ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ μοιÏάζονÏαι οÏÏÏÏ Î® άλλÏÏ Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα. ÎοιÏÎ¸Î¿Ï Î½, ÏμÏÏ, ÏÏ Ïνά ÎνοÏοι για Ïη ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιÏοÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Ï Ïή. ÎνÏÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏι ÏÏÎÏει να Î´ÎµÎ¯Î¾Î¿Ï Î½ Î±Î½Ï Ïακοή ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± να είναι καλοί γείÏÎ¿Î½ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹, ÏαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά, ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ να θεÏÏοÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï Î±Ï ÏαÏÏικοÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏÎ±Î¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏι Ïο να είÏαι καλÏÏ Î³ÎµÎ¯ÏÎ¿Î½Î±Ï (ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏάγμαÏι ιÏÏÏει γι Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ) είναι ÎºÎ±ÎºÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ εÏαίÏÏÏ Î½Ïο ÏÏάγμα. Îαι Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Îνα ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï, μÏνο ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î½Î± ξεÏÏγει αÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÏ Î±ÏοÏαÏίζονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏι οι Î¬Î´ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÎºÎ± οι νÏμοι δεν ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ηθική ιÏÏÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will not be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of cynicism or denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he finds technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be permitted to use it?”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no. To avoid feeling discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time or adopts a cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of it." msgstr "Îαι οι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Ï ÏίÏÏανÏαι ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏνική βλάβη γνÏÏίζονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏι Ïε ÏολλοÏÏ ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ θα εÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¿Î´Î·Î³ÎµÎ¯ Ïε μία ÏÏάÏη ÎºÏ Î½Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î® άÏνηÏηÏ. ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να ÏεÏιγÏάÏει με ÎµÎ½Î¸Î¿Ï ÏιÏδη ÏÏÏÏο Ïη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï , Ïην οÏοία βÏίÏκει ÏεÏνικά ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏαÏÏική. ÎεÏά, αν εÏÏÏηθεί “Îα Ïε μÎνα, καÏά ÏÏÏο θα εÏιÏÏαÏεί να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÏ Ïη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï :”, ÏÏÏε ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïα μοÏÏÏα και ÏαÏαδÎÏεÏαι ÏÏÏ Î· αÏάνÏηÏη είναι ÏÏι. Îια να αÏοÏÏγει να νοιÏÏει αÏογοήÏÎµÏ Ïη, είÏε θα αγνοήÏει Ïο γεγονÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏοÏÎÏ, είÏε θα Ï Î¹Î¿Î¸ÎµÏήÏει μια ÎºÏ Î½Î¹ÎºÎ® ÏÏάÏη με ÏÏÏÏο Ïην ελαÏιÏÏοÏοίηÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÏημαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏάγμαÏοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for the public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the expense of the latter." msgstr "ÎÏÏ Ïην εÏοÏή ÏÎ¿Ï Î¡Îγκαν και ÎÏειÏα, η μεγαλÏÏεÏη ÎλλειÏη ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÎΠΠδεν είναι η ÏεÏνολογική καινοÏομία, αλλά μάλλον η εÏÎ¹Î¸Ï Î¼Î¯Î± ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïο ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Ï. Îεν ÎÏει αÏολÏÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¼Î¯Î± Îννοια να ενθαÏÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην ÏÏÏÏη, ÎµÎ¹Ï Î²Î¬ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ ÏαίαÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs. The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older technology. But most commercially available software isn't available for modification, even after you buy it. It's available for you to take it or leave it, as a black box—that is all." msgstr "Το δεÏÏεÏο εÏίÏεδο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ η Î±Î´Ï Î½Î±Î¼Î¯Î± ÏÏοÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Î³Î®Ï ÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν. Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¯Î± ÏÏοÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Î³Î®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Îνα αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î±Î»ÏÏεÏα ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏα Ïε ÏÏγκÏιÏη με Ïην Ïαλιά ÏεÏνολογία. Îλλά, Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα εμÏοÏικά διαθÎÏιμα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ μÏοÏοÏν να ÏÏοÏοÏοιηθοÏν μεÏά Ïην αγοÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. Î£Î±Ï ÏÏοÏÏÎÏονÏαι για να Ïα ÏάÏεÏε ή να Ïα αÏήÏεÏε, ÏÏ ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½, Ïαν Îνα κλειÏÏÏ Î¼Î±ÏÏο ÎºÎ¿Ï Ïί—Ïελεία και ÏαÏλα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose meaning is obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the numbers to make the program do something different." msgstr "Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏείÏε να εκÏελÎÏεÏε αÏοÏελείÏαι αÏÏ Î¼Î¯Î± ÏειÏά αÏιθμÏν, ÏÏν οÏοίÏν Ïο νÏημα είναι ÏκοÏεινÏ. ÎανÎναÏ, ακÏμη οÏÏε και ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏ ÏÏγÏαμμαÏιÏÏήÏ, δεν μÏοÏεί εÏκολα να αλλάξει ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±ÏιθμοÏÏ Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± να Ïο αλλάξει, ή για να ÏÏοÏθÎÏει ÏÏο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα διαÏοÏεÏικÎÏ Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï ÏγίεÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C. It uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and it represents operations with symbols such as ‘+’ for addition and ‘-’ for subtraction. It is designed to help programmers read and change programs. Here is an example; a program to calculate the distance between two points in a plane:" msgstr "Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏÎ¿Ï Î½ με Ïον “Ïηγαίο κÏδικα” για Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, Ïο οÏοίο είναι γÏαμμÎνο Ïε μια γλÏÏÏα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ïαν Ïην Fortran ή Ïην C. ΧÏηÏιμοÏοιεί κάÏοια ονÏμαÏα για να Ï Ïοδείξει Ïοια δεδομÎνα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι και Ïα ÏμήμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, και αναÏαÏιÏÏά ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏιθμηÏικÎÏ ÏÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏμβολα Ïαν Ïο ‘+’ για Ïην ÏÏÏÏθεÏη και Ïο ‘-’ για Ïην αÏαίÏεÏη. Îίναι ÏÏεδιαÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να βοηθά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î½Î± Î´Î¹Î±Î²Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ και να Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα. ÎÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¯ Îνα ÏαÏάδειγμα: Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα για Ïον Ï ÏολογιÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏÏÏÏαÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î¼ÎµÏα Ïε δÏο Ïημεία Ïε Îνα εÏίÏεδο." #. type: Content of:
#, no-wrap msgid "" " float\n" " distance (p0, p1)\n" " struct point p0, p1;\n" " {\n" " float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n" " float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n" " return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n" " }\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:msgid "Precisely what that source code means is not the point; the point is that it looks like algebra, and a person who knows this programming language will find it meaningful and clear. By contrast, here is same program in executable form, on the computer I normally used when I wrote this:" msgstr "Το θÎμα δεν είναι Ïι ακÏιβÏÏ Ïημαίνει ο ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏδικαÏ. Τι θÎμα είναι ÏÏι μοιάζει με άλγεβÏα και ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î½ÏÏίζει Ïην ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏική γλÏÏÏα θα βÏει ÏÏÏ ÎÏει νÏημα και ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ξεκάθαÏο. ÎαÏ' ανÏιÏαÏάθεÏη, Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¯ Ïο ίδιο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα Ïε εκÏελÎÏιμη μοÏÏή, ÏÏον ίδιο Ï ÏολογιÏÏή ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏÏα ÏÏαν Ïο ÎγÏαÏα Î±Ï ÏÏ:" #. type: Content of:
#, no-wrap msgid "" " 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n" " 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n" " -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n" " 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n" " 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:msgid "Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a program. But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code. Usually the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner, lest anybody else learn something from it. Users receive only the files of incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means that only the program's owner can change the program." msgstr "Î ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏήÏÎ¹Î¼Î¿Ï (ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον Î´Ï Î½Î·Ïικά) Ïε κάθε ÏÏήÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. ΣÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏήÏÏεÏ, ÏμÏÏ, δεν εÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ανÏίγÏαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏδικα. Î£Ï Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ, ο ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÏαγοÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î»Î¬ÏÏεÏαι Î¼Ï ÏÏικÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïον ιδιοκÏήÏη, για να μη μÏοÏÎÏει ÏοÏΠνα μάθει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι γι Î±Ï ÏÏν. Îι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î»Î±Î¼Î²Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ μÏνο Ïα αÏÏεία με ακαÏανÏηÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±ÏιθμοÏÏ, ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï Ï Î¿ Ï ÏολογιÏÏÎ®Ï Î¸Î± εκÏελÎÏει. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïημαίνει ÏÏÏ Î¼Ïνον ο ιδιοκÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να αλλάξει Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about six months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for that commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to their needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted to—the source code was a secret. So she had to do six months of make-work, work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste." msgstr "ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÎ¯Î»Î¿Ï Î¼Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïε κάÏοÏε ÏÏι δοÏÎ»ÎµÏ Îµ Ïαν ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Ïε μια ÏÏάÏεζα, για ÏεÏίÏÎ¿Ï Îξι μήνεÏ, γÏάÏονÏÎ±Ï Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα Ïο οÏοίο Îμοιαζε με κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î®Î´Î· Ï ÏήÏÏε ÏÏο εμÏÏÏιο. ήÏαν ÏÎ·Ï Î¬ÏοÏÎ·Ï ÏÏι αν μÏοÏοÏÏε να είÏε ÏÏη διάθεÏή ÏÎ·Ï Ïον Ïηγαίο κÏδικα ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¼ÏοÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, θα μÏοÏοÏÏε εÏκολα να Ïο ÏÏοÏαÏμÏÏει ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹ÎºÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ. Î ÏÏάÏεζα ήÏαν ÏÏÏÎ¸Ï Î¼Î· να ÏληÏÏÏει για Î±Ï ÏÏ, αλλά αÏλÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ εÏιÏÏεÏÏÏαν—ο ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï Î®Ïαν Î¼Ï ÏÏικÏÏ. ÎÏÏι, εκείνη ÏÏειάÏÏηκε να Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎÏει εÏί Îξι μήνεÏ, ÎÏγο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏμεÏÏάÏαι ÏÏο GNP, αλλά Ïο οÏοίο ήÏαν ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα μια ÏÏαÏάλη." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a gift from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which we added many convenient features. For example, the software would notify a user immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever the printer had trouble, such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the software would immediately notify all users who had print jobs queued. These features facilitated smooth operation." msgstr "Το ÎÏγαÏÏήÏιο ΤεÏνηÏÎ®Ï ÎοημοÏÏÎ½Î·Ï (AI Lab) ÏÎ¿Ï MIT ÏήÏε ÏÏ Î´ÏÏο Îναν γÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎºÏÏ ÏÏÏή αÏÏ Ïην Xerox, γÏÏÏ ÏÏο 1977. ÎÏ ÏÏÏ Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï ÏγοÏÏε με ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏο οÏοίο ÎµÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïαμε ÏÏοÏθÎÏει Ïολλά βολικά ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏÏε να ειδοÏοιεί άμεÏα Îναν ÏÏήÏÏη ÏÏι η εÏγαÏία εκÏÏÏÏÏÎ·Ï Î¿Î»Î¿ÎºÎ»Î·ÏÏθηκε. ÎÏοÏε ο εκÏÏ ÏÏÏÎ®Ï ÏαÏÎ¿Ï Ïίαζε ÏÏοβλήμαÏα, ÏÏÏÏ Ï.Ï. ÏÏι μÏλοκάÏιζε ή ÏÏι ÏελείÏÏε Ïο ÏαÏÏί, Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¿ÏοιοÏÏε άμεÏα ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ οÏοίοι είÏαν ακÏμη μη ολοκληÏÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÎµÎºÏÏ ÏÏÏικÎÏ ÎµÏγαÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏην Î¿Ï Ïά. ÎÏ Ïά Ïα ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÎºÏÎ»Ï Î½Î±Î½ Ïην ομαλή λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγία." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first laser printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a separate dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite features. We could arrange to send a notification when a print job was sent to the dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually printed (and the delay was usually considerable). There was no way to find out when the job was actually printed; you could only guess. And no one was informed when there was a paper jam, so the printer often went for an hour without being fixed." msgstr "ΣÏη ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια, η Xerox ÎδÏÏε ÏÏο ÎÏγαÏÏήÏιο ΤεÏνηÏÎ®Ï ÎοημοÏÏÎ½Î·Ï Îναν νεÏÏεÏο και ÏαÏÏÏεÏο εκÏÏ ÏÏÏή, Îναν αÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎºÏÏ ÏÏÏÎÏ laser. ΠοδήγηÏή ÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î½ÏÏαν με ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÏεÏε Ïε Îνα ξεÏÏÏιÏÏÏ Î±ÏοκλειÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Ï ÏολογιÏÏή, οÏÏÏε δεν μÏοÏοÏÏαμε να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏοια αÏÏ Ïα αγαÏημÎνα Î¼Î±Ï ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά θÎλαμε. ÎÏοÏοÏÏαμε να Ïον ÏÏ Î¸Î¼Î¯ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ να βγάζει μια ειδοÏοίηÏη ÏÏαν μια εÏγαÏία εκÏÏÏÏÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÎλνονÏαν ÏÏον αÏοκλειÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Ï ÏολογιÏÏή, αλλά ÏÏι και ÏÏαν η εÏγαÏία ÏÏαγμαÏικά ολοκληÏÏνονÏαν (και η ÎºÎ±Î¸Ï ÏÏÎÏηÏη ήÏαν ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ ÏημανÏική). Îεν Ï ÏήÏÏε ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± Î¼Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏÏε η εÏγαÏία είÏε ÏÏαγμαÏικά εκÏÏ ÏÏθεί. ÎÏοÏοÏÏÎµÏ Î¼Ïνο να μανÏÎÏειÏ. Îαι δεν ενημεÏÏνονÏαν ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏαν Ï ÏήÏÏε Îνα μÏλοκάÏιÏμα Ïο ÏαÏÏÎ¹Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹, ÎÏÏι, μÏοÏοÏÏε να ÏεÏάÏει μÎÏÏι και μια ÏÏα ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± εÏιÏÎºÎµÏ Î±Ïθεί ο εκÏÏ ÏÏÏήÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program. Xerox was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we were forced to accept the problems. They were never fixed." msgstr "Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο ÎÏγαÏÏήÏιο ΤεÏνηÏÎ®Ï ÎοημοÏÏÎ½Î·Ï Î®Ïαν ικανοί να διοÏθÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎÏοια ÏÏοβλήμαÏα, ÏιθανÏν εξίÏÎ¿Ï Î¹ÎºÎ±Î½Î¿Î¯ ÏÏο και οι αÏÏικοί Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγοί ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. Î Xerox δεν ενδιαÏÎÏονÏαν να ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏιάξει και εÏÎλεξε να Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÎ¼ÏοδίÏει, οÏÏÏε αναγκαÏÏήκαμε να αÏοδεÏθοÏμε Ïα ÏÏοβλήμαÏα. Îεν διοÏθÏνονÏαν ÏοÏÎ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank could afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up." msgstr "Îι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι καλοί ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ βιÏÏει Î±Ï Ïή Ïην αÏογοήÏÎµÏ Ïη. Î ÏÏάÏεζα ήÏαν Ïε θÎÏη να λÏÏει Ïο ÏÏÏβλημα γÏάÏονÏÎ±Ï Îνα νÎο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα αÏÏ Ïην αÏÏή, αλλά ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏικÏÏ Î¼ÎÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏήÏÏηÏ, ανεξάÏÏηÏα αÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏο ικανÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹, δεν μÏοÏεί ÏαÏά μÏνο να Ïα ÏαÏαÏήÏει." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Giving up causes psychosocial harm—to the spirit of self-reliance. It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange to suit your needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can spread to affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel this way are unhappy and do not do good work." msgstr "Το να Ïα ÏαÏαÏάει ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏοκαλεί ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏνική ζημιά—ÏÏην Î±Ï ÏοÏεÏοίθηÏη. Îίναι αÏοθαÏÏÏ Î½ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± Î¶ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε Îνα ÏÏίÏι ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î±ÎºÎ±ÏαÏάξειÏ, για να Ïο ÏÏοÏαÏμÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï . ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¿Î´Î·Î³ÎµÎ¯ Ïε αιÏθήμαÏα ÏαÏαίÏηÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ αÏοκαÏδίÏÏηÏ, Ïα οÏοία μÏοÏεί να εξαÏλÏθοÏν και Ïε Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î¶ÏήÏ. Îι άνθÏÏÏοι ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î¿Î¹ÏÎ¸Î¿Ï Î½ ÎÏÏι είναι Î´Ï ÏÏÏ ÏιÏμÎνοι κα δεν μÏοÏοÏν να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ καλή Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same fashion as software. You might say, “How do I change this recipe to take out the salt?” and the great chef would respond, “How dare you insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to tamper with it? You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make it work right!”" msgstr "ΦανÏαÏÏείÏε ÏÏÏ Î¸Î± ήÏαν αν οι ÏÏ Î½ÏαγÎÏ ÏÏ Î»Î¬ÏÏονÏαν με Ïον ίδιο ζηλÏÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏο Ïαν Ïο λογιÏμικÏ. Îα μÏοÏοÏÏαÏε να ÏÏÏήÏεÏε, “Î ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏÏ Î½Î± Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¾Ï Î±Ï Ïή Ïη ÏÏ Î½Ïαγή για να αÏοκλείÏÏ Ïο αλάÏι;” και ο μÎÎ³Î±Ï Î£ÎµÏ Î¸Î± αÏανÏοÏÏε, “Î ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Î»Î¼Î¬Ï Î½Î± ÏÏοÏÎ²Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη ÏÏ Î½Ïαγή Î¼Î¿Ï , Ïο ÏÎ½ÎµÏ Î¼Î±ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Ïαιδί ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Ï Î±Î»Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Ï ÏανίÏÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼Î¿Ï , ÏÏοÏÏαθÏνÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± Ïην ÏαÏαÏοιήÏειÏ; Îεν διαθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïην κÏίÏη για να Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη ÏÏ Î½Ïαγή Î¼Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ να Ïην ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏει ÏÏÏÏά!”" #. type: Content of:
msgid "“But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do? Will you take out the salt for me?”" msgstr "“Îα ο γιαÏÏÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï Î»Îει ÏÏι Ï ÏοÏίθεÏαι ÏÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ κάνει να ÏÏÏÏ Î±Î»Î¬Ïι! Τι μÏοÏÏ Î½Î± κάνÏ; ÎÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Î¼Î¿Ï Î±ÏοκλείÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο αλάÏι;”" #. type: Content of:
msgid "“I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.” Since the owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large. “However, right now I don't have time. I am busy with a commission to design a new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department. I might get around to you in about two years.”" msgstr "“Îα Ïο Îκανα μεÏά ÏαÏÎ¬Ï Î±Ï ÏÏ. Παμοιβή Î¼Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ μÏνον $50,000.” ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¿ ιδιοκÏήÏÎ·Ï ÎÏει Ïο μονοÏÏλιο εÏί ÏÏν αλλαγÏν, οι αμοιβÎÏ ÏÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ αν είναι ÏαÏÏ Î»ÎÏ. “Îν ÏάÏη ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏει, ακÏιβÏÏ ÏÏÏα, δεν ÎÏÏ ÏÏÏνο. Îίμαι αÏαÏÏολημÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μία ÏαÏαγγελία για Ïον ÏÏεδιαÏÎ¼Ï Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î½ÎÎ±Ï ÏÏ Î½ÏÎ±Î³Î®Ï Î³Î¹Î± μÏιÏκÏÏα ÏÎ»Î¿Î¯Î¿Ï , ÏÏο ÎÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ ÎÏιÏελείο ÎÎ±Ï ÏικοÏ. ÎÏοÏεί να Ïα καÏαÏÎÏÏ Î½Î± αÏÏÎ¿Î»Î·Î¸Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎνα Ïε ÏεÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î´Ïο ÏÏÏνια.”" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Obstructing Software Development" msgstr "ΠαÏεμÏÏδιÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ Î¾Î·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ" #. type: Content of:
msgid "The third level of material harm affects software development. Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, this continued over a period of twenty years. Meanwhile, parts of the program would be “cannibalized” to form the beginnings of other programs." msgstr "Το ÏÏίÏο εÏίÏεδο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¶Î·Î¼Î¹Î¬Ï Î±ÏοÏά Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏμικοÏ. ΠανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î®Ïαν ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Î¼Î¯Î± εξελικÏική διαδικαÏία, ÏÏÎ¿Ï Îνα άÏομο θα ÎÏαιÏνε Îνα ήδη Ï ÏάÏÏον ÏÏÏγÏαμμα και θα ξαναÎγÏαÏε κάÏοια ÏμήμαÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÏοÏθÎÏει Îνα νÎο ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹, καÏÏÏιν, κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Î± ξαναÎγÏαÏε κάÏοια άλλα ÏμήμαÏα για να ÏÏοÏθÎÏει άλλο Îνα ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικÏ. Σε μεÏικÎÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏειÏ, Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÏ Î½ÎÏιζε εÏί είκοÏι ÏÏÏνια. ΣÏο ενÏÏμεÏαξÏ, κάÏοιοι θα “κανιβαλίζανε” μεÏικά ÏμήμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, για να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ μια αÏÏή με νÎα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it necessary to start from scratch when developing a program. It also prevents new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn useful techniques or even how large programs can be structured." msgstr "Î ÏÏαÏξη ιδιοκÏηÏÏν εμÏοδίζει Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¾ÎλιξηÏ, καθιÏÏÏνÏÎ±Ï Î±ÏαÏαίÏηÏο να ξεκινά ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïην αÏÏή ÏÏαν αναÏÏÏÏÏει Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα. ÎμÏοδίζει, εÏίÏηÏ, και ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½ÎÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÏαγγελμαÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î½Î± μελεÏοÏν Ïα Ï ÏάÏÏονÏα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα για να Î¼Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏήÏÎ¹Î¼ÎµÏ ÏεÏνικÎÏ Î®, ακÏμη, και Ïο ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ δομημÎνα Ïα μεγάλα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in computer science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may be good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it." msgstr "Îι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¼ÏÎ¿Î´Î¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½, εÏίÏηÏ, και Ïην εκÏÎ±Î¯Î´ÎµÏ Ïη. Î£Ï Î½Î¬Î½ÏηÏα ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎÎ¾Ï ÏÎ½Î¿Ï Ï ÏοιÏηÏÎÏ ÏÏην ÎÏιÏÏήμη ΠληÏοÏοÏικήÏ, οι οÏοίοι δεν είÏαν δει ÏοÏÎ Ïον κÏδικα ενÏÏ Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. ÎÏοÏεί να είναι καλοί ÏÏη ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏή μικÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν, αλλά δεν μÏοÏοÏν οÏÏε καν να αÏÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î½ να Î¼Î±Î¸Î±Î¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÏ Î½Î± γÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μεγάλα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα, αν δεν μÏοÏοÏν να δοÏνε ÏÏÏ Ïο καÏÏÏθÏÏαν οι άλλοι." #. type: Content of:
msgid "In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the software field—you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people in your own company." msgstr "Σε οÏοιοδήÏοÏε ÏÎ½ÎµÏ Î¼Î±ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Ïεδίο ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÏηÏοÏ, μÏοÏεί κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î½Î± ÏÏάÏει Ïε ανÏÏεÏα ÏÏη, ÏαÏÏνÏÎ±Ï ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ïε ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï Î¬Î»Î»Ïν. ÎÏ ÏÏ, ÏμÏÏ, γενικά, δεν εÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι ÏλÎον ÏÏο Ïεδίο ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοϗμÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± βαÏιÏÎ¸ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¼Ïνο ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏν άλλÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν μÎÏα ÏÏην ίδια ÏÎ¿Ï Ïην εÏαιÏεία. " #. type: Content of:
msgid "The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good care of it." msgstr "Î ÏÏ ÏοκοινÏνική ζημιά ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎεÏαι με Î±Ï ÏÏ, αÏοÏά Ïο ÏνεÏμα ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎ·Î¼Î¿Î½Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαÏίαÏ, Ïο οÏοίο είθιÏÏο να είναι ÏÏÏο ιÏÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î¹ εÏιÏÏÎ®Î¼Î¿Î½ÎµÏ Î¸Î± ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαζÏÏαν μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±ÎºÏμη και αν οι ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïαν εμÏλακεί Ïε ÏÏλεμο. Îε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏνεÏμα, οι ÎάÏÏÎ½ÎµÏ ÏκεανογÏάÏοι ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ³ÎºÎ±ÏÎλειÏαν Ïο εÏγαÏÏήÏÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏον ÎιÏηνικÏ, είÏαν διαÏÏ Î»Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹ ÏÏοÏεκÏικά Ïη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏεÏιÎλθει ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ¹ÏβάλλονÏÎµÏ ÎμεÏικανοÏÏ ÏεζοναÏÏεÏ, και είÏαν αÏήÏει και Îνα ÏημείÏμα ζηÏÏνÏÎ±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± Ïο ÏÏονÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î½ καλά." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared. Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers to enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough to let readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is certainly true in computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is usually secret." msgstr "ΠανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïο κÎÏÎ´Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±ÏÎÏÏÏεÏε Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÎºÏμη και ο ÏαγκÏÏÎ¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÏÎ»ÎµÎ¼Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïε ÏεÏιÏÏÏει. ΣÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎÏÎµÏ Î¼Î±Ï, οι εÏιÏÏήμονεÏ, Ïε Ïολλά Ïεδία, δεν δημοÏιεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αÏκεÏά ÏÏοιÏεία ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î±ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± να εÏιÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï Î½Î± μÏοÏοÏν να εÏÎ±Î½Î±Î»Î¬Î²Î¿Ï Î½ Ïο ÏείÏαμα. ÎημοÏιεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μÏνον ÏÏα αÏκοÏν για να ÏÏοκαλÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Î¸Î±Ï Î¼Î±ÏÎ¼Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏÏÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïο ÏÏÏο Ïολλά ÏÏάγμαÏα καÏάÏεÏαν να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î±Î»Î·Î¸ÎµÏει ÏÎ¯Î³Î¿Ï Ïα για Ïην ÎÏιÏÏήμη ÏÏν Ï ÏολογιÏÏÏν, ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¿ ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï ÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν ÏÏα οÏοία γίνεÏαι αναÏοÏά, ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ, ÏÏ Î»Î¬ÏÏεÏαι Î¼Ï ÏÏικÏÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted" msgstr "Îεν ÎÏει ÏημαÏία ÏÏÏ ÏεÏιοÏίζεÏαι ο διαμοιÏαÏμÏÏ" #. type: Content of:
msgid "I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or encryption, or ROM cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it succeeds in preventing use, it does harm." msgstr "Î£Ï Î¶Î®ÏηÏα μÎÏÏι ÏÏÏα Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν ÏÏο να ανÏιγÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½, να Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ και να ÏÏιάÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα. Îεν Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÎºÏίνιÏα ÏÏÏ Î±ÎºÏιβÏÏ Î³Î¯Î½ÎµÏαι Î±Ï Ïή η ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏη, εÏειδή Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ εÏηÏεάζει Ïο ÏÏ Î¼ÏÎÏαÏμα. ÎίÏε γίνεÏαι με ÏÏοÏÏαÏία καÏά ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏήÏ, ή με εÏαÏμογή copyright, ή με άδειεÏ, ή με κÏÏ ÏÏογÏάÏηÏη, ή με κάÏÏÎµÏ ROM, ή με ÏειÏιακοÏÏ Î±ÏιθμοÏÏ ÏÏο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÏ, αν Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏεÏÏ Ïαίνει Ïην ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏήÏηÏ, ÏÏÏε ÏÏοκαλεί ζημιά." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others. I suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their objective." msgstr "Îι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏÏοÏν μεÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÎ¸ÏÎ´Î¿Ï Ï Ïιο αÏοκÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏ Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ. ÎαÏά Ïη γνÏμη Î¼Î¿Ï , οι Ïιο μιÏηÏÎÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏÏ ÏÎ±Î¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïον ÏκοÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Software Should be Free" msgstr "Το λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÎÏει να είναι ελεÏθεÏο" #. type: Content of:
msgid "I have shown how ownership of a program—the power to restrict changing or copying it—is obstructive. Its negative effects are widespread and important. It follows that society shouldn't have owners for programs." msgstr "Îδειξα ÏÏÏ Î· ιδιοκÏηÏία ενÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοϗη δÏναμη ÏεÏιοÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏν ÏÏοÏοÏοιήÏεÏν ή ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï &είναι ÏαÏεμÏοδιÏÏική. Τα αÏνηÏικά ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα είναι διάÏÏ Ïα και ÏημανÏικά. ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏάγεÏαι ÏÏι η κοινÏνία δεν ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging the substitute is not a rational way to get what we need." msgstr "ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να Ïο καÏÎ±Î»Î¬Î²Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏι Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏειάζεÏαι η κοινÏνία είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ÎµÎ½Ï Ïο ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι ÏαÏά Îνα ÏÏÏÏÏ Ï ÏοκαÏάÏÏαÏο. ΠενθάÏÏÏ Î½Ïη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏοκαÏάÏÏαÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÎºÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸ÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow terms, but it is not what is good for society." msgstr "Î Václav Havel Î¼Î±Ï ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïε να “εÏγαζÏμαÏÏε για κάÏι εÏειδή είναι καλÏ, και ÏÏι αÏλÏÏ ÎµÏειδή ÎÏει κάÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ ÏιθανÏÏηÏÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏεÏÏÏει.” Îία εÏιÏείÏηÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏιάÏνει Îνα ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικÏ, ÎÏει κάÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ ÏιθανÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÎµÏιÏÏ ÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïην ÏÏενή δική ÏÎ·Ï ÏκοÏιά, αλλά Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι εκείνο ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÎºÎ±Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ για Ïην κοινÏνία." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Why People Will Develop Software" msgstr "ÎιαÏί οι άνθÏÏÏοι θα αναÏÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ λογιÏμικÏ" #. type: Content of:
msgid "If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop software, at first less software will be developed, but that software will be more useful. It is not clear whether the overall delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I want to question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary." msgstr "Îν εξαλείÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïο copyright ÏÏ Î¼ÎÏο ενθάÏÏÏ Î½ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν για να αναÏÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ λογιÏμικÏ, ÏÏην αÏÏή θα αναÏÏÏÏÏεÏαι λιγÏÏεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, αλλά Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¸Î± είναι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο ÏÏήÏιμο. Îεν είναι ÏαÏÎÏ Î±Î½ η ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ® ÏαÏαγÏμενη ικανοÏοίηÏη ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν θα είναι μικÏÏÏεÏη. Îν ÏμÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹, ή αν, ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏάνÏÏν, θÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ να Ïην Î±Ï Î¾Î®ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ άλλοι ÏÏÏÏοι για να ενθαÏÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î·, ακÏιβÏÏ ÎºÎ±Ïά Ïον ίδιο ÏÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ και άλλοι ÏÏÏÏοι ÏÎÏα αÏÏ Ïην ÎγεÏÏη ÏÏαθμÏν διοδίÏν για Ïην ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη ÏÏν δÏÏμÏν. Î Ïιν μιλήÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïο ÏÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να γίνει Î±Ï ÏÏ, θα ήθελα ÏÏÏÏα να θÎÏÏ Ï ÏÏ ÏÏ Î¶Î®ÏηÏη Ïο ÏÏÏη ÏεÏνηÏή ενθάÏÏÏ Î½Ïη ÏÏειάζεÏαι ÏÏ' αλήθεια." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Programming is Fun" msgstr "Î ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμÏÏ ÎÏει Ïλάκα" #. type: Content of:
msgid "There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road construction, for example. There are other fields of study and art in which there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples include mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and political organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly than bitterly, for the few funded positions available, none of which is funded very well. They may even pay for the chance to work in the field, if they can afford to." msgstr "Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μεÏικά είδη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¯Î³Î¿Î¹ θα μÏοÏνε, εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïα λεÏÏά. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, η καÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î® δÏÏμÏν. Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ άλλα Ïεδία μελÎÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎÏνηÏ, ÏÏα οÏοία Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μικÏÎÏ ÏιθανÏÏηÏÎµÏ Î½Î± γίνει ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏλοÏÏιοÏ, ÏÏα οÏοία ο κÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î¼Ïαίνει για Ïη γοηÏεία ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î® για Ïην εκλαμβανÏμενη αξία ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ για Ïην κοινÏνία. Τα ÏαÏαδείγμαÏα ÏεÏÎ¹Î»Î±Î¼Î²Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην ÎαθημαÏική λογική, Ïην ÎλαÏική Î¼Î¿Ï Ïική και Ïην ÎÏÏαιολογία και Ïην ÏολιÏική οÏγάνÏÏη ÏÏν εÏγαζομÎνÏν. Îι άνθÏÏÏοι ανÏαγÏνίζονÏαι, Ïιο ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Îµ λÏÏη ÏαÏά με ÏικÏία, για ÏÎ¹Ï Î»Î¯Î³ÎµÏ ÎµÎºÎ±ÏονÏÎ¬Î´ÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î±Î¸ÎÏÎ¹Î¼ÎµÏ Î¸ÎÏειÏ, καμία εκ ÏÏν οÏοίÏν δεν ÏÏημαÏοδοÏείÏαι ικανοÏοιηÏικά. ÎÏοÏεί ακÏμη και να ÏληÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ για μία ÏιθανÏÏηÏα να Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïον ÏÏÏο, αν μÏοÏοÏν να Ïο ανÏÎÎ¾Î¿Ï Î½." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand the same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing what they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by, everyone connected with the field will deride the idea that work would be done in the field without large financial returns. They will advise social planners to ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing special privileges, powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so." msgstr "Îνα ÏÎÏοιο Ïεδίο μÏοÏεί να μεÏαÏÏαÏεί, εν μία Î½Ï ÎºÏί, αν αÏÏίÏει να ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει Ïη Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα ÏÎ»Î¿Ï ÏιÏμοÏ. ÎÏαν ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÎµÏγαζÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï Î³Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹ ÏλοÏÏιοÏ, και οι άλλοι ζηÏοÏν Ïην ίδια ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹Ïία. ΣÏνÏομα, μÏοÏεί Ïλοι να ζηÏοÏν μεγαλÏÏεÏα ÏÏημαÏικά ÏοÏά για να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ εκείνο ÏÎ¿Ï , ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ, Îκαναν αÏÏ ÎµÏ ÏαÏίÏÏηÏη. ÎÏαν ÏεÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ακÏμη λίγα ÏÏÏνια, Ïλοι θα κοÏοÏδεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïην ιδÎα ÏÏι θα μÏοÏοÏÏε ÏοÏÎ ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± κάνει Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο Ïεδίο ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÏαÏÏ Î»ÎÏ ÏÏημαÏικÎÏ Î±Î¼Î¿Î¹Î²ÎÏ. Îα ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ï ÏεÏÎ¸Ï Î½Î¿Î¹ για Ïον κοινÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏεδιαÏÎ¼Ï Î½Î± εξαÏÏαλίÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏι Î±Ï ÏÎÏ Î¿Î¹ αμοιβÎÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εÏικÏÎÏ, εÏαÏμÏζονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏοια ειδικά ÏÏονÏμια, δÏναμη και μονοÏÏλια αÏαιÏοÏνÏαι για να εÏιÏÎµÏ Ïθεί Î±Ï ÏÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "This change happened in the field of computer programming in the 1980s. In the 1970s, there were articles on “computer addiction”: users were “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one would program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what they knew back then." msgstr "ÎÏ Ïή αλλαγή ÏÏ Î½Îβη ÏÏο Ïεδίο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï ÏολογιÏÏÏν καÏά Ïη δεκαεÏία ÏÎ¿Ï 1980. ΣÏη δεκαεÏία ÏÎ¿Ï 1970, Ï ÏήÏÏαν ήδη άÏθÏα για Ïον “εθιÏÎ¼Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Ï ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ (computer addiction)”: οι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î®Ïαν “ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏÏÏ ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎµÎ´ÎµÎ¼Îνοι (onlining)” και είÏαν αναÏÏÏξει ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÏÏν εκαÏÏ-δολαÏίÏν-ανά-εβδομάδα. Îγινε γενικά ανÏιληÏÏÏ ÏÏι ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬ÏεÏε ο ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμÏÏ Î±ÏκεÏά ÏÏ Ïνά ÏÏÏε να διαλÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïο γάμο ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. ΣήμεÏα, είναι γενική ανÏίληÏη ÏÏι κανÎÎ½Î±Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ θα ÏÏογÏαμμάÏιζε, ÏαÏά μÏνον για μια Ï Ïηλή αμοιβή. Îι άνθÏÏÏοι ξÎÏαÏαν Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î®Î¾ÎµÏαν ÏÏÏε, Ïαλιά." #. type: Content of:
msgid "When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic of change can run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we take away the possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the field for the joy of accomplishment." msgstr "ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏνÏÏÏ Î±Î»Î®Î¸ÎµÎ¹Î± Ïε μια δεδομÎνη ÏÏονική ÏÏιγμή, ÏÏι οι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι άνθÏÏÏοι θα Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïε Îνα ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο Ïεδίο μÏνον για μία Ï Ïηλή αμοιβή, δεν είναι αÏαÏαίÏηÏο να ÏαÏαμÎνει ÏάνÏα αληθÎÏ. Î Î´Ï Î½Î±Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ® ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î»Î»Î±Î³Î®Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να κινηθεί και ανÏίÏÏÏοÏα, εάν η κοινÏνία ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει μία ÏθηÏη. Îν αÏαιÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿Ï ÏÎ»Î¿Ï ÏιÏμοÏ, ÏÏÏε, μεÏά αÏÏ Î»Î¯Î³Î¿, ÏÏαν οι άνθÏÏÏοι θα ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ εÏαναÏÏοÏαÏμÏÏει Ïη ÏÏάÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, θα είναι και Ïάλι ÏÏÏÎ¸Ï Î¼Î¿Î¹ να Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏο Ïεδίο Î±Ï ÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïη ÏαÏά ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎºÏλήÏÏÏηÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The question “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an easier question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a fortune. A mere living is easier to raise." msgstr "Το εÏÏÏημα “Î ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏμε να Î±Î¼Î¿Î¯Î²Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ;” γίνεÏαι ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¿Î»ÏÏεÏο ÏÏαν ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¿ÏοιήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι δεν ÏίθεÏαι θÎμα να ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏληÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μία ολÏκληÏη ÏεÏÎ¹Î¿Ï Ïία. Îίναι Ïιο εÏκολο να ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ¾Î±ÏÏαλίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïο ζήν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Funding Free Software" msgstr "ΧÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎλεÏθεÏÎ¿Ï ÎογιÏμικοÏ" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses. Many other institutions already exist that can do this." msgstr "Îι οÏγανιÏμοί ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î¼Î¿Î¯Î²Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏειάζεÏαι να είναι οίκοι ÏαÏαγÏÎ³Î®Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ. Πολλά αÏÏ Ïα ήδη Ï ÏάÏÏονÏα ιδÏÏμαÏα Ïο ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ ήδη Î±Ï ÏÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software development even if they cannot control the use of the software. In 1970, much of their software was free because they did not consider restricting it. Today, their increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their realization that owning the software is not what is really important for them." msgstr "Îι καÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (hardware) Ïο θεÏÏοÏν βαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± Ï ÏοÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· λογιÏμικοÏ, ÎÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ αν δεν μÏοÏοÏν να ελÎγÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï . ΣÏο 1970, Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î®Ïαν ελεÏθεÏα, διÏÏι δεν ελάμβαναν Ï Ï' ÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± Ïα ÏεÏιοÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î½. ΣήμεÏα, η Î±Ï Î¾Î±Î½Ïμενη ÏÏÎ¿Î¸Ï Î¼Î¯Î± ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ½ÏνονÏαι Ïε κοινοÏÏÎ±Î¾Î¯ÎµÏ (consortia), δείÏνει Ïην ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹Î´Î·ÏοÏοίηÏή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏι η καÏοÏή ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ανÏιÏÏοÏÏÏεÏει κάÏι ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î³Î¹' Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often sell the results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt that universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell software? These projects could be supported by the same government contracts and grants that now support proprietary software development." msgstr "Τα ΠανεÏιÏÏήμια διοÏγανÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïολλά ÎÏγα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμοÏ. ΣÏη ÏημεÏινή εÏοÏή, ÏÏ Ïνά, ÏÏλοÏν Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα, αλλά καÏά Ïη δεκαεÏία ÏÎ¿Ï 1970 δεν Ïο Îκαναν. Î¥ÏάÏÏει καμιά αμÏιβολία ÏÏι Ïα ΠανεÏιÏÏήμια θα ανÎÏÏÏ ÏÏαν ÎλεÏθεÏο ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½ δεν δεν ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏονÏαν να ÏÏλοÏν λογιÏμικÏ; ÎÏ Ïά Ïα ÎÏγα θα μÏοÏοÏÏαν να Ï ÏοÏÏηÏιÏθοÏν αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¯Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÎºÏαÏικÎÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¬ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ εÏιδοÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï , ÏÏÏα, ÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· ÏÎ¿Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÏαγοÏÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop a system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that “finished”, and then start companies where they really finish the project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare the unfinished version “free”; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an exclusive license from the university. This is not a secret; it is openly admitted by everyone concerned. Yet if the researchers were not exposed to the temptation to do these things, they would still do their research." msgstr "Îίναι ÏÏ Î½Î·Î¸Î¹ÏμÎνο ÏήμεÏα για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏανεÏιÏÏημιακοÏÏ ÎµÏÎµÏ Î½Î·ÏÎÏ Î½Î± ÏαίÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ï ÏοÏÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïην ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î· ενÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏήμαÏοÏ, μÎÏÏι Ïο Ïημείο ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏεδÏν ÏλήÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¿Î»Î¿ÎºÎ»Î®ÏÏÏηÏ, και να Ïο αÏοκαλοÏν “ολοκληÏÏμÎνο”, και, ÏÏη ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια, να ιδÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ εÏαιÏÎµÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏαγμαÏικά ολοκληÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïο ÎÏγο και Ïο καθιÏÏοÏν ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏιμο. ÎνίοÏε, αÏοκαλοÏν Ïην μη ολοκληÏÏμÎνη ÎκδοÏη “δÏÏεάν”; αν είναι ενÏελÏÏ Î´Î¹ÎµÏθαÏμÎνοι, ÏαίÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½, ανÏιθÎÏÏÏ, μία άδεια αÏοκλειÏÏικÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο ΠανεÏιÏÏήμιο. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ αÏοÏελεί Î¼Ï ÏÏικÏ: Ïο ÏαÏαδÎÏονÏαι ανοικÏά Ïλοι οι εμÏλεκÏμενοι. Îαι ÏμÏÏ, αν οι εÏÎµÏ Î½Î·ÏÎÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ είÏαν εκÏεθεί ÏÏον ÏειÏαÏÎ¼Ï Î½Î± ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Î±Ï Ïά Ïα ÏÏάγμαÏα, ÏÏÏε θα ÏÏ Î½ÎÏιζαν ακÏμη να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην ÎÏÎµÏ Î½Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling services related to the software. I have been hired to port the GNU C compiler to new hardware, and to make user-interface extensions to GNU Emacs. (I offer these improvements to the public once they are done.) I also teach classes for which I am paid." msgstr "Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î³ÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να βιοÏοÏιÏθοÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î»ÏνÏÎ±Ï Ï ÏηÏεÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικÎÏ Î¼ Ïο λογιÏμικÏ. Î ÏοÏλήÏθην για να ÏÏοÏαÏμÏÏÏ (να ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï port) Ïον μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή GNU C compiler Ïε Îνα νÎο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÏ, και για να ÏÏÎ¹Î¬Î¾Ï ÎµÏεκÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î´Î¹ÎµÏαÏÎ®Ï ÏÏήÏÏη για Ïο GNU Emacs. (Î ÏοÏÎÏεÏα ÏÏο ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Ï Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î²ÎµÎ»ÏιÏÏειÏ, ÏÏαν ÏÎ¹Ï ÏελείÏÏα.) ÎιδάÏκÏ, εÏίÏηÏ, Ïε ÏάξειÏ, για Ïο οÏοίο αμείβομαι." #. type: Content of:
msgid "I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other companies also provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. This is the beginning of the independent software support industry—an industry that could become quite large if free software becomes prevalent. It provides users with an option generally unavailable for proprietary software, except to the very wealthy." msgstr "Îαι δεν είμαι ο μÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏÏ Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏν Ïον ÏÏÏÏο. Î¥ÏάÏÏει ÏÏÏα μία ÏεÏÏ ÏημÎνη, Î±Ï Î¾Î±Î½Ïμενη ÏÏ Î½ÏεÏνία ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏει με κανÎναν άλλο ÏÏÏÏο. Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏολλÎÏ Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ ÎµÏαιÏÎµÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ εμÏοÏική Ï ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ÏÏο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï GNU. ÎÏ Ïή είναι η αÏαÏÏή ÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¹Î¿Î¼Î·ÏÎ±Î½Î¯Î±Ï Ï ÏοÏÏήÏÎ¹Î¾Î·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½ÎµÎ¾Î¬ÏÏηÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Ïμικοϗμία βιομηÏανία ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± μÏοÏοÏÏε να γίνει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î· αν ÎºÏ ÏιαÏÏήÏει Ïο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ. Î ÏοÏÏÎÏει ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÎµÏιλογÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹, εν γÎνει, μη διαθÎÏÎ¹Î¼ÎµÏ ÏÏο ιδιοÏαγÎÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικÏ, εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏλοÏÏÎ¹Î¿Ï Ï," #. type: Content of:
msgid "New institutions such as the Free Software Foundation can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes is free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “free software” refers to freedom, not to price.) Some users who already have a copy order tapes as a way of making a contribution they feel we deserve. The Foundation also receives sizable donations from computer manufacturers." msgstr "ÎÎοι οÏγανιÏμοί Ïαν Ïο ÎδÏÏ Î¼Î± ÎλεÏθεÏÎ¿Ï ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ÏÏημαÏοδοÏήÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ. Τα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα κεÏάλαια ÏÎ¿Ï ÎδÏÏμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÎÏÏονÏαι αÏÏ ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î³Î¿ÏÎ¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ±Î¹Î½Î¯ÎµÏ Î¼ÎÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏÏ Î´ÏÎ¿Î¼ÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï . Το λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Ïε ÏÎ±Î¹Î½Î¯ÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ δÏÏεάν, ÏÏάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï Ïημαίνει ÏÏι ο κάθε ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï ÎÏει Ïην ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏία να Ïο ανÏιγÏάÏει, να Ïο αλλάζει, αλλά ÏαÏÏλα ÏαÏÏα, Ïολλοί ÏληÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ για να ÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ανÏίÏÏ Ïα. (Îα Î¸Ï Î¼Î¬ÏÏε ÏÏι ο ÏÏÎ¿Ï “ελεÏθεÏο λογÏιμικϔ αναÏÎÏεÏαι ÏÏην Îννοια ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏι ÏÏην Ïιμή.) ÎεÏικοί ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ήδη Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο, ÏαÏαγγÎÎ»Î»Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ±Î¹Î½Î¯ÎµÏ Ïαν Îναν ÏÏÏÏο για να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ μια ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹ÏÏοÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î¹ÏθάνονÏαι ÏÏÏ Î±Î¾Î¯Î¶ÎµÎ¹. Το ÎδÏÏ Î¼Î± δÎÏεÏαι εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»ÎµÏ ÏοÏÎ·Î³Î¯ÎµÏ Î±ÏÏ ÎºÎ±ÏαÏÎºÎµÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ Ï ÏολογιÏÏÏν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on hiring as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a business, distributing the same free software to the public for the same fee, it would now provide a very good living for its founder." msgstr "Το ÎδÏÏ Î¼Î± ÎλεÏθεÏÎ¿Ï ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ μια charity και Ïα ÎÏοδά ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î±ÏανÏνÏαι για Ïην μίÏθÏÏη ÏÏο Ïο Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏν ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÏν. Îν είÏε ÏÏηθεί ÏÏ ÎµÏιÏείÏηÏη, διανÎμονÏÎ±Ï Ïο ίδιο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïο κοινÏ, ÎνανÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î¯Î´Î¹Î¿Ï ÏιμήμαÏοÏ, θα αÏÎδιδε ÏÏÏα Îνα ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Ï ÏοÏÏ ÏÏον ιδÏÏ Ïή ÏÎ¿Ï ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this because we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in knowing that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of all, they do it because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers have written many useful programs for us. (Even technical writers have begun to volunteer.)" msgstr "ÎÏειδή Ïο ÎδÏÏ Î¼Î± είναι μια Charity, οι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ ÎµÏγάζονÏαι για Ïο ÎδÏÏ Î¼Î± ÎνανÏι ÏÎ·Ï Î¼Î¹ÏÎ®Ï Î±Î¼Î¿Î¹Î²Î®Ï Î±ÏÏ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î· ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± κÎÏδιζαν αν εÏγαζÏÏαν κάÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î»Î»Î¿Ï. Îλλά Ïο ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´Î¹ÏÏι είμαÏÏε ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î³ÏαÏειοκÏαÏία, και διÏÏι νοιÏÎ¸Î¿Ï Î½ ικανοÏοίηÏη ξÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏι η Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ θα ÏαÏεμÏοδιÏθεί αÏÏ Ïη ÏÏήÏη. Î Î¬Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïλα, Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ διÏÏι ο ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμÏÏ ÎÏει Ïλάκα. ÎÏιÏÏÏÏθεÏα, εθελονÏÎÏ ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ γÏάÏει Ïολλά ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα για εμάÏ. (ÎκÏμη και ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÏεÏνικÏν δοκιμίÏν ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αÏÏίÏει να ÏÏοÏÏÎÏονÏαι ÏÏ ÎµÎ¸ÎµÎ»Î¿Î½ÏÎÏ.)" #. type: Content of:
msgid "This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all fields, along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one will want to program." msgstr "ÎÏ ÏÏ ÎµÏιβεβαιÏνει ÏÏι ο ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ανάμεÏα ÏÏα Ïιο γοηÏÎµÏ Ïικά Ïεδία, μαζί με Ïη Î¼Î¿Ï Ïική και Ïην ÏÎÏνη. Îεν ÏÏειάζεÏαι να ÏοβÏμαÏÏε ÏÏι κανÎÎ½Î±Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ θα θÎλει να ÏÏογÏαμμαÏίÏει." #. type: Content of:
msgid "What Do Users Owe to Developers?" msgstr "Τι οÏÎµÎ¯Î»Î¿Ï Î½ οι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ;" #. type: Content of:
msgid "There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation to contribute to its support. Developers of free software are contributing to the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the long-term interest of the users to give them funds to continue." msgstr "Î¥ÏάÏÏει καλÏÏ Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½Î± νοιÏÎ¸Î¿Ï Î½ μια ηθική Ï ÏοÏÏÎÏÏη να ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹ÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏη ÏÏήÏιξή ÏÎ¿Ï . Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹ÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¸Î·Î¼ÎµÏινÎÏ Î´ÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν, οÏÏÏε είναι δίκαιο, αλλά και μÎÏα ÏÏο μακÏοÏÏÏθεÏμο ÏÏ Î¼ÏÎÏον ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν, να ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏήμαÏα για να ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î½." #. type: Content of:
msgid "However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward." msgstr "ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη, Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ιÏÏÏει για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÏαγοÏÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, αÏÎ¿Ï Î· ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏη αξίζει Ïην ÏιμÏÏία, ÏαÏά Ïην εÏιβÏÎ¬Î²ÎµÏ Ïη." #. type: Content of:
msgid "We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation into a requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A developer can either deserve a reward or demand it, but not both." msgstr "ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ, λοιÏÏν, Îνα ÏαÏάδοξο: ο ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï ÏÏήÏÎ¹Î¼Î¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎÏει δικαίÏμα να λάβει Ïην Ï ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν, αλλά η οÏοιαδήÏοÏε ÏÏοÏÏάθεια μεÏαÏÏοÏÎ®Ï Î±Ï ÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Ï ÏοÏÏÎÏÏÎ·Ï Ïε Îνα ÏÏοαÏαιÏοÏμενο, καÏαÏÏÏÎÏει Ïη βάÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î¯Î´Î¹Î±Ï ÏÎ·Ï Ï ÏοÏÏÎÏÏηÏ. ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί είÏε να αξίζει μία εÏιβÏÎ¬Î²ÎµÏ Ïη, είÏε να Ïη ζηÏήÏει, αλλά ÏÏι και Ïα δÏο." #. type: Content of:
msgid "I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary donations. Eventually the users will learn to support developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and television stations." msgstr "ΠιÏÏεÏÏ ÏÏι ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏÏ ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î²ÏίÏκεÏαι ανÏιμÎÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏαÏάδοξο, ÏÏÎÏει να ενεÏγεί με ÏÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± αξίζει Ïην εÏιβÏÎ¬Î²ÎµÏ Ïη, αλλά θα ÏÏÎÏει, εÏίÏηÏ, να ζηÏά ÎνθεÏμα Ïην Ï ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν Ï ÏÏ Î¼Î¿ÏÏή εθελονÏικÏν δÏÏεÏν. ÎνδεÏομÎνÏÏ, οι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î¸Î± Î¼Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï Î½ να ÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ¾Î±Î½Î±Î³ÎºÎ±ÏμÏ, ακÏιβÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ Îμαθαν να Ï ÏοÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïο δημÏÏιο ÏαδιÏÏÏνο και ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´Î·Î¼ÏÏÎ¹Î¿Ï Ï ÏηλεοÏÏικοÏÏ ÏÏαθμοÏÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "What Is Software Productivity?" msgstr "Τι είναι η αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ;" #. type: Content of:
msgid "If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?" msgstr "Îν Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î®Ïαν ελεÏθεÏο, και Ïάλι θα Ï ÏήÏÏαν ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ, αλλά, ίÏÏÏ, λιγÏÏεÏοι αÏÏ Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î± ήÏαν κάÏι ÎºÎ±ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïην κοινÏνία;" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in 1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few deliver more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call this improved productivity. Free software would require far fewer programmers to satisfy the demand, because of increased software productivity at all levels:" msgstr "ÎÏι αÏαÏαίÏηÏα. ΣήμεÏα, Ïα ÏÏοÏÏÏημÎνα Îθνη ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ λιγÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î³ÎµÏÏγοÏÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïαν Ïο 1900, αλλά Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ Ïο θεÏÏοÏμε ÎºÎ±ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïην κοινÏνία, διÏÏι Î±Ï Ïοί οι λιγÏÏεÏοι ÏαÏÎ¬Î³Î¿Ï Î½ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏη ÏÏοÏή για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±ÏαναλÏÏÎÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏÏη καÏάÏεÏναν να ÏαÏÎ¬Î³Î¿Ï Î½ οι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι. Το ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¸Î± ÏÏειαζÏÏαν ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î»Î¹Î³ÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î³Î¹Î± να ικανοÏοιήÏει Ïη ζήÏηÏη, λÏÎ³Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î±Ï Î¾Î·Î¼ÎÎ½Î·Ï Î±ÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Ïε Ïλα Ïα εÏίÏεδα:" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief that the software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?" msgstr "Îκείνοι ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½ÏιÏίθενÏαι ÏÏη ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαÏία ιÏÏÏ ÏιζÏμενοι ÏÏι Î±Ï ÏÏ Î¸Î± καÏÎληγε ÏÏην αÏαÏÏÏληÏη λιγÏÏεÏÏν ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÏν, είναι Î¿Ï ÏιαÏÏικά ανÏίθεÏοι ÏÏην αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα. Îαι ÏμÏÏ, ακÏμη και Î±Ï Ïοί οι άνθÏÏÏοι, δÎÏονÏαι Ïην γενικÏÏ Î´Î¹Î±Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Î¼Îνη άÏοÏη ÏÏι η βιομηÏανία ÏÏειάζεÏαι μια Î±Ï Î¾Î·Î¼Îνη αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα. Î ÏÏ Î³Î¯Î½ÎµÏαι Î±Ï ÏÏ;" #. type: Content of:
msgid "“Software productivity” can mean two different things: the overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of individual projects. Overall productivity is what society would like to improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it. But researchers who study the field of “software productivity” focus only on the second, limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances." msgstr "Î “ÎÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Ïμικοϔ μÏοÏεί να Ïημαίνει δÏο διαÏοÏεÏικά ÏÏάγμαÏα: Ïην ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ® αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα ÏÎ»Î·Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ Î¾Î·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, ή Ïην αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα ÏÏν μεμονÏμÎνÏν ÎÏγÏν. Î ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î»Î¹ÎºÎ® αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏα είναι εκείνη ÏÎ¿Ï Î· κοινÏνία θα ήθελε να βελÏιÏÏει και ο Ïιο άμεÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να Ïο ÏεÏÏÏει Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ η εξάλειÏη ÏÏν ÏεÏνηÏÏν εμÏοδίÏν για Ïη ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαÏία, Ïα οÏοία Ïη μειÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½. Îλλά οι εÏÎµÏ Î½Î·ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÎ»ÎµÏοÏν Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο Ïεδίο ÏÎ·Ï “αÏοδοÏικÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Ïμικοϔ εÏÏιάζονÏαι μÏνον ÏÏη δεÏÏεÏη, ÏεÏιοÏιÏμÎνη, Îννοια ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï , ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î· βελÏίÏÏη αÏαιÏεί δÏÏÎºÎ¿Î»ÎµÏ ÏεÏνικÎÏ ÏÏοÏÎ´Î¿Ï Ï." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not harmful; the harmful thing is combat." msgstr "Îίναι αναÏÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÏο για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± ÏÏοÏÏαθοÏν να ανÏαγÏνίζονÏαι, για να ξεÏεÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½ÏιÏÎ¬Î»Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏην κοινÏνία; ÎÏÏÏ Î½Î±Î¹. ΠανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ, ÏμÏÏ, Î±Ï ÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¸Î±Ï ÏÏÏ, δεν είναι κακÏÏ. Το βλαβεÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ïο μάÏεÏθαι." #. type: Content of:
msgid "There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the old days, there was competition among programming wizards—competition for who could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who could make the shortest or fastest program for a given task. This kind of competition can benefit everyone, as long as the spirit of good sportsmanship is maintained." msgstr "Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïολλοί ÏÏÏÏοι να ανÏαγÏνίζεÏαι κανείÏ. ΠανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να ÏÏ Î½Î¯ÏÏαÏαι ÏÏο να ÏÏοÏÏαθοÏμε να καÏαÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏάνÏοÏε ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα,να ξεÏεÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï Ïε εκείνο ÏÎ¿Ï Îκαναν. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏαλιÎÏ Î¼ÎÏεÏ, Ï ÏήÏÏε ανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î¼ÎµÏα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼Î¬Î³Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμοϗανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïο ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î± μÏοÏοÏÏε να κάνει Ïον Ï ÏολογιÏÏή να κάνει Ïο Ïιο αξιοθαÏμαÏÏα ÏÏάγμα, ή για Ïο ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î± ÎÏÏιαÏνε Ïο Ïιο μικÏÏ Î® Ïο Ïιο ÏαÏÏ ÏÏÏγÏαμμα για μία δεδομÎνη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬. Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Ï Î¿ ανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να αÏοβεί ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ÏλÏν, εÏÏÏον διαÏηÏείÏαι Ïο ÏνεÏμα ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î¸Î»Î·ÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¬Î¼Î¹Î»Î»Î±Ï." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to great efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do this. But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on desert islands. They are content to let the best person win." msgstr "Î Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγικÏÏ Î±Î½ÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ ÎµÏαÏκεί για να κάνει ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± καÏÎ±Î²Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Î½ Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»ÎµÏ ÏÏοÏÏάθειεÏ. ÎÏκεÏοί άνθÏÏÏοι ÏÏ Î½Î±Î³ÏνίζονÏαι για Ïο ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î± είναι ο ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± ÎÏει εÏιÏκεÏθεί ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î³Î·Ï. ÎεÏικοί ξοδεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μÎÏÏι και ÏεÏÎ¹Î¿Ï ÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏην ÏÏοÏÏάθειά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± Ïο ÏεÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½. Îεν ÏÏημαÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½, ÏμÏÏ, ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±ÏεÏÎ¬Î½Î¹Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏν ÏλοίÏν για να ξεÏοÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½ÏαγÏνιÏÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Ïε κάÏοιο εÏÎ·Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î½Î·Ïί. ÎκανοÏοιοÏνÏαι με Ïο να αÏÎ®Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïον καλÏÏεÏο να κεÏδίζει." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede each other instead of advancing themselves—when “Let the best person win” gives way to “Let me win, best or not.” Proprietary software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but because it is a form of combat among the citizens of our society." msgstr "Î ÏÏ Î½Î±Î³ÏνιÏμÏÏ Î¼ÎµÏαÏÏÎÏεÏαι Ïε μάÏη ÏÏαν οι ανÏαγÏνιÏÏÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ μα εμÏÎ¿Î´Î¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ο ÎÎ½Î±Ï Ïον άλλον, ανÏί να ÏÏοοδεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ οι ίδιοι ÏÎ¿Ï Ï—ÏÏαν Ïο “ÎÏε Ïον καλÏÏεÏο να κεÏδίÏει” δίνει Ïη θÎÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο “ÎÏε εμÎνα να κεÏδίÏÏ, είÏε είμαι ο καλÏÏεÏοÏ, είÏε ÏÏι.” " #. type: Content of:
msgid "Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when two grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all areas of business share this characteristic. Withholding information that could help everyone advance is a form of combat." msgstr "ΠανÏαγÏνιÏμÏÏ ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏιÏειÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ Ïημαίνει αÏαÏαίÏηÏα μάÏη. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏαν δÏο μανάβικα ανÏαγÏνίζονÏαι, η Ïλη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏοÏÏάθεια ÎγκειÏαι ÏÏη βελÏίÏÏη ÏÏν Ï ÏηÏεÏιÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, και ÏÏι ÏÏο να Ï ÏοÏκάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïον ανÏίÏαλο. ÎÏ ÏÏ, ÏμÏÏ, δεν αÏοδεικνÏει κάÏοια ιδιαίÏεÏη δÎÏÎ¼ÎµÏ Ïη Ïε μία εÏιÏειÏημαÏική ηθική. Î¥ÏάÏÏει μάλλον μικÏÏ ÏεÏιθÏÏιο για μάÏÎµÏ Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï ÎµÏιÏείÏηÏηÏ, εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïην ÏÏ Ïική βία. Îεν μοιÏάζονÏαι, ÏμÏÏ, Ïλα Ïα είδη εÏιÏείÏηÏÎ·Ï Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικÏ. Î ÏαÏακÏάÏηÏη ÏληÏοÏοÏιÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± μÏοÏοÏÏαν να βοηθήÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏάνÏÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏÏοοδεÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½, ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏά μια μοÏÏή μάÏηÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with antitrust laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than generalizing this to a principled rejection of combat in general, executives invent other forms of combat which are not specifically prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic equivalent of factional civil war." msgstr "ΠεÏιÏειÏημαÏική ιδεολογία δεν ÏÏοεÏοιμάζει ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½Î± ανÏιÏÏÎκονÏαι ÏÏον ÏειÏαÏÎ¼Ï Î½Î± μάÏονÏαι Ïον ανÏαγÏνιÏμÏ. ÎεÏικÎÏ Î¼Î¿ÏÏÎÏ Î¼Î¬ÏÎ·Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αÏαγοÏÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÎ¯ αÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½ÏιμονοÏÏλιακοÏÏ Î½ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï, η αλήθεια αÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î½ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïη διαÏήμιÏη, κ.ο.κ., αλλά, ανÏί να Ïο γενικεÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïε μία εÏί ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏÏÎ®Ï Î±ÏÏÏÏιÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î¬ÏεÏθαι, γενικÏÏεÏα, Ïα εκÏελεÏÏικά ÏÏελÎÏη εÏινοοÏν Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î¼Î¿ÏÏÎÏ Î¼Î¬ÏÎ·Ï Î¿Î¹ οÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ αÏαγοÏεÏονÏαι ÏηÏά. ΠκοινÏνία ÏÏαÏαλά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏηÏ, αÏειδÏÏ, ÏÏο Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½ÏίÏÏοιÏο ενÏÏ ÏαÏÏιαÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¼ÏÏÎ»Î¹Î¿Ï ÏολÎÎ¼Î¿Ï ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For example, it is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, such as is found in all the other industrialized nations of the free world. It is leveled against the advocates of public support for the arts, also universal in advanced nations. The idea that citizens have any obligation to the public good is identified in America with Communism. But how similar are these ideas?" msgstr "ΣÏÎ¹Ï ÎνÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î Î¿Î»Î¹ÏείεÏ, οÏοιοÏδήÏοÏε Ï ÏοÏÏηÏίξει κάÏι άλλο εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Ïιο ακÏÎ±Î¯ÎµÏ Î¼Î¿ÏÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ³ÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï laissez-faire, ÏÏ Ïνά θα ακοÏÏει Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±ÏηγοÏίεÏ. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÏοÏάÏÏεÏαι ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Ï ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÎÏ ÎµÎ½ÏÏ ÎµÎ¸Î½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏ ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î³ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï, Ïαν εκείνα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î±Î½Ïά ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïε ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î²Î¹Î¿Î¼Î·ÏανικÎÏ ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï . Î ÏοÏάÏÏεÏαι καÏά ÏÏν Ï ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÏν ÏÎ·Ï Î´Î·Î¼ÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Ï ÏοÏÏήÏÎ¹Î¾Î·Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÎÏνεÏ, η οÏοία είναι εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÏανÏαÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏοÏÏα ÏÏα ÏÏÎ¿Î¿Î´ÎµÏ Î¼Îνα Îθνη, ΠιδÎα ÏÏι οι ÏολίÏÎµÏ Î¸Î± μÏοÏοÏÏαν να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ οÏοιαδήÏοÏε Ï ÏοÏÏÎÏÏη ÎνανÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¿Ï, ÏÏην ÎμεÏική, ÏÎ±Ï ÏίζεÏαι με Ïον ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î¿Ï Î½Î¹ÏμÏ. Îλλά, ÏÏÏο Î¼Î¿Î¹Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Î±Ï ÏÎÏ Î¿Î¹ ιδÎεÏ;" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common good, but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. And where copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal copying." msgstr "Î ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î¿Ï Î½Î¹ÏμÏÏ, ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÏαÏμÏÏθηκε ÏÏην ΣοβιεÏική ÎνÏÏη, ήÏαν Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα κενÏÏικά ελεγÏÏμενο, ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏÎµÏ Î®Ïαν ÏÏ Î¸Î¼Î¹Î¶ÏμενεÏ, Ï ÏοÏίθεÏαι ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏάÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¿Ï, αλλά ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα, ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏάÏη ÏÏν μελÏν ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÎ¿Î¼Î¿Ï Î½Î¹ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎºÏμμαÏοÏ. Îαι ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ εξοÏλιÏμÏÏ Î¼Îµ Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα ανÏιγÏαÏήÏ, ήÏαν Ï ÏÏ ÏÏενή ÏÏλαξη, για να εμÏοδίζεÏαι η ÏαÏάνομη ανÏιγÏαÏή." #. type: Content of:
msgid "The American system of software copyright exercises central control over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with automatic copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying." msgstr "Το ÎμεÏÎ¹ÎºÎ±Î½Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÎ¿Ï copyright ÏÏο λογιÏμικÏ, αÏκεί Îναν κενÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎλεγÏο ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏο ÏÏÏÏημα Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ διαÏÏ Î»Î¬ÏÏει ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ ÏÎºÎµÏ ÎÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏÎ®Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏμαÏα ÏÏήμαÏα και ενÏÏμαÏÏμÎνη ÏÏοÏÏαÏία-καÏά-ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏήÏ, οÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏε να εμÏοδίζει Ïην ÏαÏάνομη ανÏιγÏαÏή." #. type: Content of:
msgid "By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and free to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives. A system based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization." msgstr "Σε ανÏίθεÏη, ÎµÎ³Ï ÎµÏγάζομαι για να ÏÏÎ¹Î¬Î¾Ï Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î¹ άνθÏÏÏοι να είναι ελεÏθεÏοι να αÏοÏαÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ για ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ½ÎÏγειÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. ÎιδικÏÏεÏα, να είναι ελεÏθεÏοι να βοηθοÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î³ÎµÎ¯ÏονÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, και ελεÏθεÏοι να ÏÏοÏοÏοιοÏν και να βελÏιÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïα εÏγαλεία ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν ÏÏην καθημεÏινή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¶Ïή. Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα βαÏιÏμÎνο ÏÏην εθελονÏική ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαÏία και ÏÏην αÏοκÎνÏÏÏÏη." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists." msgstr "ÎÏÏι, αν ÏÏÎÏει να κÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î»Î¿Î³Î± με Ïην ομοιÏÏηÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼Îµ Ïον ΡÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎÎ¿Î¼Î¿Ï Î½Î¹ÏμÏ, ÏÏÏε οι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ οι ÎÎ¿Î¼Î¿Ï Î½Î¹ÏÏÎÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other words, their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course of action is best." msgstr "Σε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο, ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï Ïην ÏαÏαδοÏή ÏÏι ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι λιγÏÏεÏο ÏημανÏικÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Îναν Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγÏ, αλλά οÏÏε και αÏÏ Ïον εÏγοδÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγοÏ. Îε άλλα λÏγια, Ïα ÏÏ Î¼ÏÎÏονÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ οι Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïο ίδιο βάÏοÏ, ÏÏαν ÏÏÏκειÏαι να αÏοÏαÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ για Ïο ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î´ÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î´ÏάÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ο καλÏÏεÏοÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an author's employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else. They say, for example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the author's employer the advantage he deserves—regardless of how this may affect the public." msgstr "ÎÏ Ïή η ÏαÏαδοÏή δεν είναι γενικά ÏαÏαδεκÏή. Πολλοί Ï ÏοÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏι ο εÏγοδÏÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Î¿Ï ÏιÏδÏÏ Ïιο ÏημανÏικÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î¿ÏοιονδήÏοÏε άλλον. ÎÏ Ïοί λÎνε, για ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏι ο ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏαÏÎ¾Î·Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏηÏÏν λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ για να δÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏον εÏγοδÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Ïο ÏλεονÎκÏημα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î¾Î¯Î¶ÎµÎ¹—ανεξάÏÏηÏα αÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να εÏηÏεάÏει Ïην κοινÏνία." #. type: Content of:
msgid "It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof requires shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed only to those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what their consequences are. For those who believe that the owners are more important than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant." msgstr "Îεν ÎÏει νÏημα να αÏοδείξει κανείÏ, ή να καÏαÏÏίÏει, Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏαδοÏÎÏ. ΠαÏÏδειξη αÏαιÏεί Ïην ÏÏαÏξη κοινÏν ÏαÏαδοÏÏν. ÎÏÏÏε, Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Î±Ï Ïά ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ Î±ÏÎµÏ Î¸ÏνονÏαι Ïε ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î¿Î¹ÏάζονÏαι αÏÏ ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Î¿Ï ÏÎ¹Ï Î¯Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÏαÏαδοÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏ, ή ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον, ενδιαÏÎÏονÏαι για Ïο ÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ οι εÏιÏÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï. Îια ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏιÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ïιο ÏημανÏικοί αÏÏ Î¿ÏοιονδήÏοÏε άλλον, Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο είναι, αÏλοÏÏÏαÏα, Î¬Î½ÎµÏ Î±Î¾Î¯Î±Ï." #. type: Content of:
msgid "But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that elevates certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of the belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging the basis of society." msgstr "Îλλά γιαÏί η ÏλειονοÏηÏία ÏÏν ÎμεÏικανÏν να αÏοδÎÏεÏαι μια ÏαÏαδοÏή ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¾Ï ÏÏνει Ïε ÏημαÏία κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Ï ÏεÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î´Î®ÏοÏε Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï ; Îν μÎÏει λÏÎ³Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏεÏοίθηÏÎ·Ï ÏÏι Î±Ï Ïή η ÏαÏαδοÏή είναι Ïμήμα ÏÎ·Ï Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏαÏάδοÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎμεÏÎ¹ÎºÎ±Î½Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ. ÎεÏικοί άνθÏÏÏοι ÏιÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÏ Î· αμÏιÏβήÏηÏη Ïην ÏαÏαδοÏÎ®Ï Î±Ï ÏήÏ, ιÏÎ¿Î´Ï Î½Î±Î¼ÎµÎ¯ με αμÏιÏβήÏηÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î¯Î´Î¹Î±Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¬ÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ." #. type: Content of:
msgid "It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part of our legal tradition. It never has been." msgstr "Îίναι ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ Î½Î± γνÏÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÏ Î±Ï Ïή η ÏαÏαδοÏή δεν αÏοÏελεί Ïμήμα ÏÎ·Ï Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î¼Î±Ï ÏαÏάδοÏηÏ. ΠοÏΠδεν ήÏαν ÎÏÏι." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to “promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The Supreme Court has elaborated on this, stating in Fox Film v. Doyal; that “The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by the public from the labors of authors.”" msgstr "ÎÏÏι, Ïο ÏÏνÏαγμα λÎει ÏÏι ο ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï copyright είναι να “ÏÏοÏθεί Ïην ÏÏÏοδο ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎ®Î¼Î·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏν ÏÏήÏιμÏν ÏεÏνÏν.” Το ανÏÏαÏο δικαÏÏήÏιο γνÏμοδÏÏηÏε ÏÏεÏικά με Î±Ï ÏÏ, και ÏÏην νομική διαμάÏη Fox Film ενανÏίον Doyal; αÏοÏάνθηκε ÏÏι “Το μÏνο ÏÏ Î¼ÏÎÏον ÏÏν ÎΠΠκαι ο ÏÏÏÏαÏÏικÏÏ ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î±Î½ÎÏÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¿ÏÏÎ»Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï [copyright] ÎγκειÏαι ÏÏα γενικά οÏÎλη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏÏοÏίζεÏαι η κοινÏνία αÏÏ Ïα ÎÏγα ÏÏν Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγÏν.”" #. type: Content of:
msgid "We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme Court. (At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions do not disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal." msgstr "Îεν αÏαιÏείÏαι να ÏÏ Î¼ÏÏνοÏμε με Ïο ΣÏνÏαγμα ή με Ïο ÎνÏÏαÏο ÎικαÏÏήÏιο. " #. type: Content of:
msgid "We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the wealth they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message." msgstr "Îα θÎλαμε να ÏκεÏÏοÏμε ÏÏι η κοινÏνία Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÎ½Î¸Î±ÏÏÏνει Ïο να βοηθάμε Ïο γείÏονά μαÏ. Îλλά κάθε ÏοÏά ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιβÏαβεÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏÎ¹Ï ÏακÏικÎÏ ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏηÏ, ή ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¸Î±Ï Î¼Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ για Ïον ÏλοÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÎκÏηÏαν με Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïον ÏÏÏÏο, ÏÏÎÎ»Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα ανÏίθεÏο Ïήμα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the homeless population and the prison population. The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because the more we see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays into a jungle." msgstr "Πμανιακή ÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎµÏ Ïη λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î±ÏοÏελεί μία μοÏÏή ÏÎ·Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÏÏεÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÎ¿Î¸Ï Î¼Î¯Î±Ï Î¼Î±Ï Î½Î± αδιαÏοÏοÏμε για Ïο ÎºÎ±Î»Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ, κλίνονÏÎ±Ï Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÎ¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼Î±Ï ÎºÎÏÎ´Î¿Ï Ï. ÎÏοÏοÏμε να διακÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï Ïή Ïην ÎλλειÏη ÏεβαÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïον Ronald Reagan ÏÏον Dick Cheney, και αÏÏ Ïην Exxon ÏÏην Enron, αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏοιμÏÏÏοÏÎµÏ ÏÏάÏÎµÎ¶ÎµÏ ÏÏα αÏοÏÏ ÏημÎνα ÏÏολεία. ÎÏοÏοÏμε να Ïην μεÏÏήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ με Ïο μÎÎ³ÎµÎ¸Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¬ÏÏÎµÎ³Î¿Ï ÏÎ»Î·Î¸Ï ÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν ÎγκλειÏÏÏν ÏÏη ÏÏ Î»Î±ÎºÎ®. Το ανÏικοινÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ ÏνεÏμα ÏÏÎÏεÏαι με Ïον ÎµÎ±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï , διÏÏι ÏÏο ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο βλÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι οι άλλοι άνθÏÏÏοι δεν θα Î¼Î±Ï Î²Î¿Î·Î¸Î®ÏÎ¿Ï Î½, ÏÏÏο ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο Î¼Î±Ï Î¼Î¿Î¹Î¬Î¶ÎµÎ¹ ÏεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î²Î¿Î·Î¸Î®ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ και εμείÏ. ÎÏÏÏε, η κοινÏνία ÏαÏακμάζει Ïε ζοÏγκλα." #. type: Content of:
msgid "If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes. We must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation." msgstr "Îν δεν θÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ να ζοÏμε Ïε μια ζοÏγκλα, ÏÏÎÏει να Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¾Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην ÏÏάÏη μαÏ. Î ÏÎÏει να αÏÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ να ÏÏÎÎ»Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïο Î¼Î®Î½Ï Î¼Î± ÏÏι ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏ ÏολίÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγάζεÏαι ÏÏαν ÏÏειάζεÏαι, και ÏÏι ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏεÏÏ ÏημÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏο να ÏαίÏνει αÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï. ελÏÎ¯Î¶Ï ÏÏι Ïο κίνημα ελεÏθεÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ¹ÏÏÎÏει ÏÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïο εξήÏ: Ïε ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον Îναν ÏομÎα, θα ανÏικαÏαÏÏήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη ζοÏγκλά με Îνα Ïιο αÏοδοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα, Ïο οÏοίο ενθαÏÏÏνει Ïην εθελονÏική ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏγαÏία και βαÏίζεÏαι ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ïε Î±Ï Ïήν." #. type: Content of:
msgid "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <address@hidden>. There are also other ways to contact the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <address@hidden>." msgstr "" # # # #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to #. <address@hidden>.
#.For information on coordinating and submitting translations of #. our web pages, see Translations #. README. #. type: Content of:
msgid "Please see the Translations README for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
msgid "Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
msgid "This page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License." msgstr "ÎÏ Ïή η Ïελίδα ÎÏει άδεια Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License." #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of:
msgid "Updated:" msgstr "ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:"