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trans-coord/gnun/philosophy free-sw.af.html fre...
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
Subject: |
trans-coord/gnun/philosophy free-sw.af.html fre... |
Date: |
Fri, 27 Nov 2009 19:25:19 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /sources/trans-coord
Module name: trans-coord
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 09/11/27 19:25:18
Modified files:
gnun/philosophy: free-sw.af.html free-sw.bg.html
right-to-read.bg.html right-to-read.it.html
why-free.bg.html
gnun/philosophy/po: words-to-avoid.pot
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/free-sw.af.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.15&r2=1.16
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/right-to-read.bg.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/right-to-read.it.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/why-free.bg.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
Patches:
Index: free-sw.af.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/free-sw.af.html,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- free-sw.af.html 12 Oct 2009 18:25:11 -0000 1.15
+++ free-sw.af.html 27 Nov 2009 19:25:18 -0000 1.16
@@ -104,7 +104,9 @@
else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a practice known as
“tivoization” or (through blacklisting) as “secure
boot” — freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather than a
-practical freedom. This is not sufficient.
+practical freedom. This is not sufficient. In other words, these binaries
+are not free software even if the source code they are compiled from is
+free.
</p>
<p>
@@ -424,7 +426,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Opgedateer:
-$Date: 2009/10/12 18:25:11 $
+$Date: 2009/11/27 19:25:18 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- free-sw.bg.html 12 Oct 2009 18:25:11 -0000 1.16
+++ free-sw.bg.html 27 Nov 2009 19:25:18 -0000 1.17
@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@
else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a practice known as
“tivoization” or (through blacklisting) as “secure
boot” — freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather than a
-practical freedom. This is not sufficient.
+practical freedom. This is not sufficient. In other words, these binaries
+are not free software even if the source code they are compiled from is
+free.
</p>
<p>
@@ -449,7 +451,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2009/10/12 18:25:11 $
+$Date: 2009/11/27 19:25:18 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: right-to-read.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/right-to-read.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- right-to-read.bg.html 20 Oct 2009 18:25:14 -0000 1.10
+++ right-to-read.bg.html 27 Nov 2009 19:25:18 -0000 1.11
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
ÑпиÑаниеÑо <strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Ñом 40,
бÑой 2).</em></p>
<blockquote><p>
- (Ð¾Ñ âÐÑÑÑÑ ÐºÑм ТиÑ
о<sup><a
href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>â â ÑбоÑник ÑÑаÑии
-за пÑиÑиниÑе за ÐÑнаÑнаÑа ÑеволÑÑиÑ,
пÑбликÑван в гÑад ÐÑна пÑез 2096 г.)
+ From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles
about the
+antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
</p></blockquote>
<p>
@@ -46,16 +46,15 @@
ÑилиÑе Ñи да пÑедоÑвÑаÑи пÑеÑÑÑплениеÑо.</p>
<p>
-ÐÑÑеÑÑвено, не беÑе ÑигÑÑно, Ñе ÐиÑа ÑеÑе
да ÑеÑе Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸Ñе мÑ. Ð¢Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
-пÑоÑÑо да иÑка компÑÑÑÑа, за да Ñи напиÑе
пÑоекÑа. Ðан обаÑе знаеÑе, Ñе ÑÑ
-идваÑе Ð¾Ñ ÑемейÑÑво Ð¾Ñ ÑÑеднаÑа клаÑа и
едва ÑÑÑмÑваÑе да Ñи плаÑи
-ÑÑилиÑниÑе ÑакÑи, да не говоÑим за
вноÑкиÑе за ÑеÑене. Ðа ÑеÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñе
-книги може би беÑе единÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин да
завÑÑÑи. Той много добÑе ÑазбиÑаÑе
-положениеÑо Ñ â на него Ð¼Ñ Ñе бе наложило
да вземе кÑедиÑ, за да може да
-плаÑи за вÑиÑки наÑÑни ÑÑаÑии, коиÑо
ÑеÑеÑе. (10% Ð¾Ñ ÑакÑиÑе за ÑÑÑ
оÑиваÑ
а
-за изÑледоваÑелиÑе, коиÑо пиÑеÑ
а ÑÑаÑииÑе.
Ðонеже Ðан ÑÑÑо Ñе ÑÑÑемеÑе кÑм
-академиÑна каÑиеÑа, Ñой Ñе надÑваÑе
неговиÑе ÑобÑÑвени изÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð° бÑдаÑ
-ÑеÑÑо ÑиÑиÑани и Ñака евенÑÑално да ÑÑÑмее
да изплаÑи заема Ñи.)</p>
+Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She might
+want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she came from a
+middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her
+reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.
+He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all
+the research papers he read. (Ten percent of those fees went to the
+researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he
+could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would
+bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
<p>
Ðо-кÑÑно Ðан ÑеÑе да наÑÑи, Ñе е имало
вÑеме, когаÑо вÑеки е можел да оÑиде
@@ -157,17 +156,15 @@
<p>Тази бележка бе обновена пÑез 2007 г.</p>
<p>
-ÐÑавоÑо да ÑеÑÐµÑ Ðµ биÑка, коÑÑо Ñе води
днеÑ<sup><a
-href="#TransNote4">4</a></sup>. ÐÑпÑеки, Ñе може да
оÑнеме 50 години, за да
-поÑÑне днеÑниÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñин на Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð² забвение,
повеÑеÑо Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑаниÑе по-гоÑе
-дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ закони веÑе Ñа пÑедложени.
Ðного Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑ
веÑе Ñа пÑиеÑи и Ñеално
-дейÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð² СÐЩ и дÑÑги ÑÑÑани. ÐÑез 1998 г.
ÐаконÑÑ Ð·Ð° авÑоÑÑкиÑе пÑава в
-ÑиÑÑовоÑо Ñ
илÑдолеÑие (Digital Millenium Copyright Act â
DMCA) ÑÑÑанови
-законоваÑа Ñамка в СÐЩ за огÑаниÑаванеÑо
на ÑеÑенеÑо и даванеÑо назаем на
-книгиÑе в елекÑÑонен вид (какÑо и на дÑÑги
данни). ÐвÑопейÑкиÑÑ ÑÑÑз вÑведе
-подобни огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑекÑива пÑез 2001 г.
ÐÑв ФÑанÑиÑ, по ÑилаÑа на
-закона âDADVSIâ, пÑÐ¸ÐµÑ Ð¿Ñез 2006 г., ÑамоÑо
пÑиÑежание на копие на DeCSS
-(ÑвободнаÑа пÑогÑама за деÑиÑÑиÑане на
видео на DVD), е пÑеÑÑÑпление.</p>
+The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may take 50
+years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the
+specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many
+have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In the US, the 1998
+Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to
+restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as
+well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright
+directive. In France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession
+of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
<p>
ÐÑез 2001 г. ÑенаÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¥Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð³Ñ, койÑо е
ÑпонÑоÑиÑан Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑа âÐиÑниâ,
@@ -190,37 +187,36 @@
влаÑÑ, опаÑноÑÑÑа оÑново е виÑока.</p>
<p>
-ÐÑез 2001 г. СÐЩ запоÑнаÑ
а да използваÑ
ÐмеÑиканÑкаÑа зона за Ñвободна
-ÑÑÑÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ (Free Trade Area of the Americas â FTAA), за да
Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑиÑе
-пÑавила вÑв вÑиÑки дÑÑжави Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ñо
полÑкÑлбо. FTAA е едно оÑ
-Ñ. наÑ. ÑпоÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° âÑвободна
ÑÑÑговиÑâ, коеÑо вÑÑÑноÑÑ Ðµ ÑÑздадено, за
-да даде на бизнеÑа по-голÑм конÑÑол над
демокÑаÑиÑниÑе пÑавиÑелÑÑва.
-ÐалаганеÑо на закони каÑо DMCA (ÐÐÐЦХ) е
ÑипиÑно в Ñози дÑÑ
. FTAA бе
-еÑекÑивно оÑблÑÑнаÑа Ð¾Ñ ÐÑла, пÑезиденÑÑÑ
на ÐÑазилиÑ, койÑо оÑÑ
вÑÑли
-изиÑкванеÑо за ÐÐÐЦХ и дÑÑги.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐÑÑогава, СÐЩ Ñа наложили подобни
изиÑÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑани каÑо ÐвÑÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
-ÐекÑико ÑÑез двÑÑÑÑанни ÑпоÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
âÑвободна ÑÑÑговиÑâ, и на ÑÑÑани
-каÑо ÐоÑÑа Рика ÑÑез CAFTA. ÐÑезиденÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÐÐºÐ²Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ñ ÐоÑеа оÑказа да подпиÑе
-ÑпоÑазÑмениеÑо за âÑвободна ÑÑÑговиÑâ,
но ÐÐºÐ²Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ñие неÑо каÑо ÐÐÐЦХ пÑез
-2003 г. ÐоваÑа ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐÐºÐ²Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ и
да оÑигÑÑÑва вÑзможноÑÑ Ð·Ð°
-анÑлиÑанеÑо мÑ.</p>
+In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the
+Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the
+Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called “free
+trade” treaties, which are actually designed to give business
+increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is
+typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President
+of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as
+Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade” agreements,
+and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.
+Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a “free trade”
+agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the
+DMCA in 2003.</p>
<p>
ÐдеÑÑа, Ñе <abbr>ФÐÐ </abbr> и âÐайкÑоÑоÑÑâ Ñе
дÑÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹-важниÑе паÑоли на
пеÑÑоналниÑе компÑÑÑи и нÑма да ви ги
даваÑ, не бе пÑедложена до 2002 г.</p>
<p>
-ÐаÑиÑниÑиÑе на Ñази ÑÑ
ема Ñа Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸ имена
каÑо âдовеÑено ползване на
-компÑÑÑиâ<sup><a href="#TransNote6">6</a></sup> (trusted computing)
и
-âpalladiumâ. Ðие Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑаме <a
-href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.bg.html">âпÑедаÑелÑко
ползване на
-компÑÑÑиâ</a>, заÑоÑо ÑÑÑинаÑа е да Ñе
накаÑа компÑÑÑÑа ви да Ñе подÑинÑва
-на компании вмеÑÑо на ваÑ. Това бе
ÑеализиÑано пÑез 2007 г. каÑо ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ <a
-href="http://badvista.org">УиндоÑÑ ÐиÑÑа</a> â оÑакваме
и âÐпÑлâ да напÑавÑÑ
-неÑо подобно. Ð Ñази ÑÑ
ема, пÑоизводиÑелÑÑ
пази ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´, но
-<abbr>ФÐÐ </abbr> не биÑ
а имали пÑоблем да Ñе
добеÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ него.</p>
+The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as “trusted
+computing” and “Palladium”. We call it <a
+href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
+computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
+companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
+implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
+Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this scheme, it is
+the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would
+have little trouble getting it.</p>
<p>
Това, коеÑо âÐайкÑоÑоÑÑâ пазÑÑ, не е ÑоÑно
паÑола в ÑÑадиÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑмиÑÑл на
@@ -231,39 +227,34 @@
поÑÑебиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ да пÑави ÑÑÑ ÑобÑÑвениÑ
Ñи компÑÑÑÑ.</p>
<p>
-âÐиÑÑаâ пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð° âÐайкÑоÑоÑÑâ и
допÑлниÑелна влаÑÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ,
-âÐайкÑоÑоÑÑâ наÑилÑÑвено може да
инÑÑалиÑÐ°Ñ Ð°ÐºÑÑализаÑии на ÑиÑÑемаÑа, и
-Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° наÑедÑÑ Ð½Ð° вÑиÑки маÑини Ñ
инÑÑалиÑана âÐиÑÑаâ да оÑÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°
-заÑедÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ñеделен дÑÐ°Ð¹Ð²ÐµÑ Ð·Ð° нÑкакво
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво. ÐÑновнаÑа Ñел на
-множеÑÑвоÑо огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° âÐиÑÑаâ е да
наложи DRM (âЦиÑÑово ÑпÑавление на
-огÑаниÑениÑÑаâ), коеÑо поÑÑебиÑелиÑе да
не Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° избегнаÑ.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐÐС вÑÑÑноÑÑ Ðµ ÐÑоÑиаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑбликÑваÑиÑе
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ. Ð¢Ñ Ðµ измеÑÑена в
-полиÑейÑкаÑа Ñи ÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¡ÑÑза на
издаÑелиÑе на Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (Business
-Software Alliance â BSA). ÐÐ½ÐµÑ Ñе не Ñа оÑиÑиално
полиÑейÑко подÑазделение,
-но неоÑиÑиално дейÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñо Ñакова. ÐаÑо
Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑоди, коиÑо напомнÑÑ
-за нÑкогаÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¡ÑвеÑÑки ÑÑÑз, Ñе наÑÑÑÑаваÑ
Ñ
оÑаÑа да пÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ³Ð¸Ñе и
-пÑиÑÑелиÑе Ñи. ÐÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° BSA, ÑелÑÑа да
вÑее ÑÑÑаÑ
и пÑоведена в
-ÐÑженÑина пÑез 2001 г., оÑпÑавÑÑе завоалиÑни
заплаÑ
и, Ñе Ñ
оÑаÑа, коиÑо
-ÑподелÑÑ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, Ñе бÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñилвани в
заÑвоÑиÑе<sup><a
-href="#TransNote7">7</a></sup>.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐогаÑо Ñази иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÑе напиÑана, ÐÐС
заплаÑваÑе малкиÑе доÑÑавÑиÑи на
-ÐнÑеÑнеÑ, Ñе Ñе ÑÑÑбва да пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ
вÑзможноÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÐÐС да наблÑдава вÑиÑки
-поÑÑебиÑели. ÐовеÑеÑо доÑÑавÑиÑи Ñе
пÑедаваÑ, когаÑо бÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñени,
-заÑоÑо не Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñи позволÑÑ Ð´Ð° Ñе
заÑиÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑÑда. (Atlanta
-Journal-Constitution, 1 окÑомвÑи 96, D3.) Ðоне един
доÑÑавÑик â Community
-ConneXion в ÐÑклÑнд, ÐалиÑоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñказа да Ñе
поддаде на иÑканиÑÑа и е бил
-ÑÑден. Ðо-кÑÑно ÐÐС пÑеÑÑÑанови делоÑо, но
полÑÑи закона DMCA, койÑо им
-даваÑе влаÑÑÑа, коÑÑо иÑкаÑ
а.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐпиÑанаÑа по-гоÑе полиÑика за ÑигÑÑноÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑа не е измиÑлена.
-ÐапÑимеÑ, компÑÑÑÑ Ð² един оÑ
ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑиÑе в Ñайона кÑай Чикаго
оÑпеÑаÑва
-ÑледноÑо ÑÑобÑение, когаÑо Ñе ÑвÑÑзваÑе
(кавиÑкиÑе пÑиÑÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ в
-оÑигинала):</p>
+Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can
+forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to
+refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's many
+restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users
+can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org"> DefectiveByDesign.org</a> campaign.</p>
+
+<p>
+When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet
+service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users. Most
+ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight back
+in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the
+demand and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained
+the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association, has
+been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.
+The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like
+one. Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites
+people to inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in
+Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software
+would be raped.</p>
+
+<p>
+The university security policies described above are not imaginary. For
+example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message
+upon login:</p>
<blockquote><p>
âТази ÑиÑÑема ÑÑÑбва да Ñе използва Ñамо
Ð¾Ñ ÑпÑлномоÑени поÑÑебиÑели.
@@ -437,7 +428,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2009/10/20 18:25:14 $
+$Date: 2009/11/27 19:25:18 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: right-to-read.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/right-to-read.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- right-to-read.it.html 20 Oct 2009 18:25:15 -0000 1.9
+++ right-to-read.it.html 27 Nov 2009 19:25:18 -0000 1.10
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
di<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (volume 40, numero 2).</em></p>
<blockquote><p>
- (da “La strada per Tycho”, una raccolta di articoli
sugli
-antefatti della Rivoluzione Lunare, pubblicata a Città della Luna nel 2096)
+ From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles
about the
+antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
</p></blockquote>
<p>
@@ -45,17 +45,15 @@
dura, per la sua negligenza nel prevenire il crimine.</p>
<p>
-Naturalmente, non era detto che Lissa avesse intenzione di leggere i suoi
-libri. Magari voleva il suo computer solo per scrivere il suo compito. Ma
-Dan sapeva che Lissa veniva da una famiglia della classe media e poteva a
-malapena permettersi la retta della scuola, figurarsi i diritti di
-lettura. Leggere i suoi libri poteva anche essere l'unico modo per lei per
-riuscire a laurearsi. Capiva bene la situazione: lui stesso aveva dovuto
-indebitarsi per pagare tutti gli articoli di ricerca che aveva letto; il 10%
-delle tariffe andava ai ricercatori che avevano scritto gli articoli, e
-siccome Dan puntava alla carriera accademica, poteva sperare che i suoi
-stessi articoli gli avrebbero reso abbastanza da ripagare il prestito, se
-citati abbastanza spesso.</p>
+Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She might
+want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she came from a
+middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her
+reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.
+He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all
+the research papers he read. (Ten percent of those fees went to the
+researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he
+could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would
+bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
<p>
Più in là Dan avrebbe imparato che c'era stato un tempo in cui chiunque
@@ -158,17 +156,15 @@
<p>Questa nota è stata aggiornata nel 2007.</p>
<p>
-Il diritto a leggere è una battaglia che si combatte oggi. Sebbene possano
-volerci 50 anni perché il nostro stile di vita presente si dissolva
-nell'oscurità , la maggior parte delle leggi e delle procedure legali
-specifiche descritte sopra sono già state proposte; molte sono state
-tradotte in legge negli USA e altrove. Negli USA, il Digital Millenium
-Copyright Act del 1998 ha stabilito le basi legali per restringere la
-lettura ed il prestito di libri elettronici (e anche di altre
-opere). L'Unione Europea ha imposto restrizioni simili in una direttiva del
-2001 sul diritto d'autore. In Francia, secondo la legge DADVSI adottata nel
-2006, il solo possesso di una copia di DeCSS, il programma libero per
-decrittare i video nei dvd, è un reato.</p>
+The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may take 50
+years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the
+specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many
+have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In the US, the 1998
+Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to
+restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as
+well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright
+directive. In France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession
+of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
<p>
Nel 2001 il senatore Hollings, finanziato dalla Disney, presentò una
@@ -191,23 +187,21 @@
pericolo è di nuovo più alto.</p>
<p>
-Nel 2001 gli USA cominciarono a cercare d'usare il proposto trattato della
-Free Trade Area of Americas (“Area di libero scambio delle
-Americhe”) per imporre le stesse regole su tutti i paesi nell'emisfero
-occidentale. L'FTAA è uno dei cosiddetti trattati di “libero
-scambio”, che sono invero disegnati per dare alle aziende un potere
-accresciuto sopra i governi democratici; l'imposizione di leggi come la DMCA
-è tipica di questo spirito. L'FTAA è stata di fatto affossata da Lula,
-presidente del Brasile, che ha rifiutato gli obblighi della DMCA e altri.</p>
-
-<p>
-Da allora, gli USA hanno imposto obblighi simili a paesi come l'Australia e
-il Messico attraverso degli accordi di “libero scambio”
-bilaterali, e a paesi come il Costa Rica attraverso il CAFTA. Il presidente
-dell'Ecuador, Correa ha rifiutato di firmare il trattato di “libero
-scambio”, ma l?ecuador ha adottato qualcosa di simile al DMCA nel
-2003. La nuova costituzione dell'Ecuador potrebbe fornire un'opportunità di
-sbarazzarsene.</p>
+In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the
+Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the
+Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called “free
+trade” treaties, which are actually designed to give business
+increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is
+typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President
+of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as
+Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade” agreements,
+and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.
+Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a “free trade”
+agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the
+DMCA in 2003.</p>
<p>
Una delle idee nel racconto non è stata proposta nella realtà prima del
@@ -215,15 +209,15 @@
primarie per il tuo computer personale, senza fornirtele.</p>
<p>
-I proponenti di questo schema gli hanno dato nomi come “trusted
-computing” (informatica fidata) e “palladium”. Noi lo
-chiamiamo <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
-computing”</a> (informatica infida), perché l'effetto è che il tuo
-computer obbedisce alle aziende commerciali invece che a te. Ã stato
-implementato nel 2007 come parte di <a href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
-Vista</a>; ci aspettiamo che Apple faccia qualcosa di simile. In tale
-schema, è il produttore che tiene il codice segreto, ma l'FBI lo ottiene
-facilmente.</p>
+The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as “trusted
+computing” and “Palladium”. We call it <a
+href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
+computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
+companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
+implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
+Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this scheme, it is
+the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would
+have little trouble getting it.</p>
<p>
Quella che tiene Microsoft non è esattamente una parola segreta in senso
@@ -234,37 +228,34 @@
proprio computer.</p>
<p>
-Vista dà a Microsoft anche più poteri, per esempio Microsoft può installare
-di forza degli aggiornamenti, e può ordinare a tutte le macchine con Vista
-di rifiutare un certo software di dispositivo. Lo scopo principale delle
-tante restrizioni in Vista è quello di fare un DRM (Digital Restriction
-Management, “gestione delle restrizioni digitali”) che gli
-utenti non possano scavalcare.</p>
-
-<p>
-La SPA [ndt: APS in italiano nel racconto], che sta in effetti per Software
-Publisher's Association, è stata rimpiazzata in questo ruolo di poliziotta
-dalla BSA o Business Software Alliance; non è oggi una forza di polizia
-ufficiale, ma in via non ufficiale, si comporta come tale. Usando metodi che
-ricordano l'ex Unione Sovietica, invita le persone a spiare sui colleghi di
-lavoro e sugli amici. Una campagna mediatica terroristica della BSA in
-Argentina nel 2001 avanzava velate minacce che le persone che condividevano
-il software sarebbero state violentate.</p>
-
-<p>
-Quando questo racconto fu scritto all'inizio, la SPA stava minacciando dei
-piccoli fornitori di accesso a Internet, pretendendo che essi le
-permettessero di monitorare i loro utenti. I più s'arresero alle minacce,
-poiché non potevano permettersi una causa legale (Atlanta
-Journal-Constitution, 1 ottobre 1996, p. D3). Almeno uno, Community
-ConneXion, di Oakland, California, rifiutò ed in effetti gli fu fatta
-causa. La SPA più tardi lascio cadere quella causa, ma ottenne il DMCA che
-diede loro il potere che cercavano.</p>
-
-<p>
-Le politiche di sicurezza delle università descritte sopra non sono
-immaginarie. Per esempio, sullo schermo di un computer in un universitÃ
-nell'area di Chicago compare questo messaggio quando ci si accede:</p>
+Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can
+forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to
+refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's many
+restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users
+can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org"> DefectiveByDesign.org</a> campaign.</p>
+
+<p>
+When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet
+service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users. Most
+ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight back
+in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the
+demand and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained
+the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association, has
+been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.
+The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like
+one. Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites
+people to inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in
+Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software
+would be raped.</p>
+
+<p>
+The university security policies described above are not imaginary. For
+example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message
+upon login:</p>
<blockquote><p>
Questo sistema è solo per gli utenti autorizzati. Individui che usino questo
@@ -381,7 +372,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2009/10/20 18:25:15 $
+$Date: 2009/11/27 19:25:18 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-free.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/why-free.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- why-free.bg.html 6 Oct 2009 18:25:11 -0000 1.14
+++ why-free.bg.html 27 Nov 2009 19:25:18 -0000 1.15
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
ползваме.</p>
<p>
-СиÑÑемаÑа на авÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво Ñе е
заÑодила Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑаÑаÑÑÑвоÑо â ÑеÑ
Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
-маÑово пÑоизводÑÑво на копиÑ. ÐвÑоÑÑкоÑо
пÑаво е паÑвало добÑе на Ñази
-ÑеÑ
нологиÑ, заÑоÑо е огÑаниÑавало Ñамо
маÑовиÑе пÑоизводиÑели на копиÑ. То
-не е оÑнемало ÑвободаÑа Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑаÑелиÑе на
книги. Ðбикновен ÑиÑаÑел, койÑо не
-е пÑиÑежавал пеÑаÑаÑÑка пÑеÑа, би могÑл да
копиÑа книги Ñамо Ñ Ñ
имикалка и
-маÑÑило, и неколÑина ÑиÑаÑели Ñа били
ÑÑдени за Ñова.</p>
+The copyright system grew up with printing—a technology for
+mass-production copying. Copyright fit in well with this technology because
+it restricted only the mass producers of copies. It did not take freedom
+away from readers of books. An ordinary reader, who did not own a printing
+press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers were sued for
+that.</p>
<p>
ЦиÑÑоваÑа ÑеÑ
Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ðµ по-гÑвкава оÑ
пеÑаÑаÑÑкаÑа пÑеÑа: когаÑо инÑоÑмаÑиÑÑа
@@ -144,12 +144,11 @@
пÑава поÑади две пÑиÑини.</p>
<p>
-Ðдна пÑиÑина е непÑекÑÑнаÑо наÑÑкванаÑа
Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалниÑе обекÑи.
-ÐогаÑо аз Ñи ÑгоÑÐ²Ñ ÑпагеÑи, вÑзÑазÑвам,
ако нÑкой дÑÑг ги изÑде, понеже по
-Ñози наÑин аз не мога да ги изÑм. ÐеговоÑо
дейÑÑвие ми вÑеди ÑоÑно Ñолкова,
-колкоÑо го облагодеÑелÑÑва â Ñамо един оÑ
Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¸ могÑл да изÑде ÑпагеÑиÑе,
-Ñака Ñе вÑпÑоÑÑÑ Ðµ, кой? Ðай-малкаÑа
Ñазлика Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ðµ доÑÑаÑÑÑна, за да
-наклони везниÑе на еÑиÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ.</p>
+One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I cook
+spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I cannot eat
+it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; only one of us
+can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one? The smallest
+distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance.</p>
<p>
Ðо когаÑо вие изпÑлнÑваÑе или пÑоменÑÑе
пÑогÑама, коÑÑо аз ÑÑм напиÑал, Ñова
@@ -192,20 +191,20 @@
когаÑо Ñа добÑе плаÑени за Ñази Ñи
дейноÑÑ.</p>
<p>
-Ðо икономиÑеÑкиÑÑ Ð°ÑгÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð° голÑм
пÑопÑÑк: Ñой е оÑнован на пÑезÑмпÑиÑÑа,
-Ñе ÑазликаÑа е Ñамо в Ñова колко паÑи
ÑÑÑбва да плаÑим. Това пÑедполага, Ñе
-ние иÑкаме âпÑоизводÑÑво на ÑоÑÑÑеÑâ,
незавиÑимо дали ÑоÑÑÑеÑа има
-ÑобÑÑвениÑи или не.</p>
+But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption that the
+difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay. It assumes
+that <i>production of software</i> is what we want, whether the software has
+owners or not.</p>
<p>
-ХоÑаÑа Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑовноÑÑ Ð²ÑзпÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ñова
пÑедположение, понеже Ñо е в ÑниÑон Ñ
-наÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° маÑеÑиалниÑе обекÑи. Ðа
вземем за пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ ÑандвиÑ. Ðоже
-да имаÑе вÑзможноÑÑ Ð´Ð° Ñе ÑдобиеÑе Ñ
еднакÑв ÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñно или ÑÑеÑÑ
-опÑеделена ÑÑма. Ðко е Ñака, единÑÑвенаÑа
Ñазлика е ÑÑмаÑа, коÑÑо плаÑаÑе.
-Ðали Ñе го кÑпиÑе или не, ÑандвиÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð°
ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÐºÑÑ, ÑÑÑаÑа Ñ
ÑаниÑелна
-ÑÑойноÑÑ, а и в дваÑа ÑлÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ да го
изÑдеÑе Ñамо веднÑж. Ðали Ñе
-полÑÑиÑе ÑандвиÑа Ð¾Ñ ÑобÑÑвеник или не не
може да ви заÑегне по никакÑв
-наÑин, оÑвен паÑиÑе, коиÑо пÑиÑежаваÑе
Ñлед Ñова.</p>
+People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our
+experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance. You
+might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or for a
+price. If so, the amount you pay is the only difference. Whether or not
+you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional
+value, and in either case you can only eat it once. Whether you get the
+sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the amount
+of money you have afterwards.</p>
<p>
Това е вÑÑно за вÑеки вид маÑеÑиален обекÑ
â дали има ÑобÑÑвеник или не не
@@ -234,10 +233,10 @@
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе гÑбÑÑ ÑвободаÑа да
конÑÑолиÑÐ°Ñ ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑобÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñи живоÑ.</p>
<p>
-РпÑеди вÑиÑко обÑеÑÑвоÑо ÑÑÑбва да
пооÑÑÑва дÑÑ
а на добÑоволно
-ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво Ñ Ð³ÑажданиÑе. ÐогаÑо
ÑобÑÑвениÑиÑе на ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ казваÑ, Ñе
-да Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ еÑÑеÑÑвен наÑин
е âпиÑаÑÑÑвоâ, Ñе замÑÑÑÑваÑ
-гÑажданÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑ
на наÑеÑо обÑеÑÑво.</p>
+And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary
+cooperation in its citizens. When software owners tell us that helping our
+neighbors in a natural way is “piracy”, they pollute our
+society's civic spirit.</p>
<p>
ÐÑо заÑо ние казваме, Ñе <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">ÑвободниÑÑ
@@ -250,11 +249,10 @@
койÑо Ñе пиÑаÑ, ÑÑÑбва да набиÑаме
ÑÑедÑÑва.</p>
<p>
-ÐеÑе деÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸, ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑиÑе на
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñа опиÑвали ÑазлиÑни
-меÑоди за набиÑанеÑо на ÑÑедÑÑва, Ñ
извеÑÑен ÑÑпеÑ
. ÐÑма нÑжда никой да
-ÑÑава Ð±Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ â ÑÑедниÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñен пÑиÑ
од за
едно амеÑиканÑко ÑемейÑÑво, около
-35,000 Ñ.д., е доÑÑаÑÑÑно пооÑÑение за много
дейноÑÑи, коиÑо Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-малÑк
-задоволÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÐµÐºÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамиÑанеÑо.</p>
+Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods of
+finding funds, with some success. There's no need to make anyone rich; a
+typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are less
+satisfying than programming.</p>
<p>
Ðодини наÑед, докаÑо задÑÑга не напÑави
Ñова ненÑжно, аз Ñе издÑÑжаÑ
оÑ
@@ -265,47 +263,31 @@
най-виÑок пÑиоÑиÑеÑ.</p>
<p>
-<a href="/fsf/fsf.html">ФондаÑиÑÑа за Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (ФСС)</a>,
-благоÑвоÑиÑелна оÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
ÑазÑабоÑка на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, набиÑа
-ÑÑедÑÑва ÑÑез <a
href="http://order.fsf.org/">пÑодажбаÑа</a> на аÑÑикÑли,
-ÑвÑÑзани Ñ GNU: <a href="/software/software.html">диÑкове
ÑÑÑ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a>,
-<a href="http://order.fsf.org/">Ñланелки</a>, <a
-href="/doc/doc.html">ÑÑководÑÑва</a> и <a
-href="http://order.fsf.org/">лÑкÑозни диÑÑÑибÑÑии</a>,
(вÑиÑки Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ñо
-поÑÑебиÑелиÑе Ñа Ñвободни да копиÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸
пÑоменÑÑ), какÑо и Ð¾Ñ <a
-href="http://donate.fsf.org/">даÑениÑ</a>. РмоменÑа има
пеÑÑонал Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑима
-пÑогÑамиÑÑи и ÑÑима ÑлÑжиÑели, коиÑо
обÑабоÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑавкиÑе по поÑаÑа.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐÑкои ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑи на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ
пеÑелÑÑ Ð¿Ð°Ñи, каÑо пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑги по
-поддÑÑжка. âСигнÑÑ Ð¡ÑпоÑÑâ, Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾ 50
ÑлÑжиÑели (когаÑо Ñази ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ðµ
-напиÑана), пÑедвиждаÑ, Ñе около 15 пÑоÑенÑа
Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑа на ÑеÑ
Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÑонал
-е ÑазÑабоÑка на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ â
доÑÑоен за Ñважение дÑл за ÑоÑÑÑеÑна
-ÑиÑма.</p>
-
-<p>
-ФиÑми, вклÑÑваÑи âÐнÑелâ, âÐоÑоÑолаâ,
âТекÑÐ°Ñ ÐнÑÑÑÑменÑÑâ и âÐналог
-ÐивайÑеÑâ Ñе обединиÑ
а, за да ÑинанÑиÑаÑ
пÑодÑлжаванеÑо на ÑазÑабоÑкаÑа на
-компилаÑоÑа на GNU за езика Си.
ÐеждÑвÑеменно, компилаÑоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° GNU за езика
-Ðда Ñе ÑинанÑиÑа Ð¾Ñ ÐоенновÑздÑÑниÑе Ñили
на СÐЩ, понеже вÑÑваÑ, Ñе Ñова е
-най-евÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин да Ñе ÑдобиÑÑ Ñ
виÑококаÑеÑÑвен компилаÑоÑ. (ÐÐС
-пÑекÑаÑиÑ
а ÑинанÑиÑанеÑо пÑеди извеÑÑно
вÑеме; компилаÑоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° GNU за Ðда е
-налиÑе, а поддÑÑжкаÑа Ð¼Ñ Ñе ÑпонÑоÑиÑа
комеÑÑиално.)</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐÑиÑки Ñези пÑимеÑи Ñа малко; ÐвижениеÑо
за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð²Ñе оÑе е
-малко, и вÑе оÑе е младо. Ðо пÑимеÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
Ñадио, поддÑÑжано Ð¾Ñ ÑлÑÑаÑелиÑе,
-в Ñази ÑÑÑана (СÐЩ) ни показва, Ñе е
вÑзможно да Ñе поддÑÑжа голÑма дейноÑÑ
-без да Ñе наÑилва вÑеки поÑÑебиÑел да
плаÑа.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐаÑо компÑÑÑÑен поÑÑебиÑел днеÑ, може да
Ñе окаже Ñака, Ñе ползваÑе
-пÑогÑама, коÑÑо е <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑки
-ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a>. Ðко Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑел ви помоли за
копие, би било гÑеÑно да
-оÑкажеÑе. Ðо ÑайноÑо ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво не
води кÑм добÑо обÑеÑÑво. Човек би
-ÑÑÑбвало да Ñе ÑÑÑеми да живее поÑÑен
живоÑ, оÑкÑиÑо и Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑдоÑÑ, а Ñова
-ознаÑава да каже âÐеâ на ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑкиÑ
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.</p>
+Some free software developers make money by selling support services. In
+1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that about 15 per
+cent of its staff activity was free software development—a respectable
+percentage for a software company.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the early 90s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments and
+Analog Devices combined to fund the continued development of the GNU C
+compiler. Most GCC development is still done by paid developers. The GNU
+compiler for the Ada language was funded in the 90s by the US Air Force, and
+continued since then by a company formed specifically for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>
+The free software movement is still small, but the example of
+listener-supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a large
+activity without forcing each user to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+program. If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to refuse.
+Cooperation is more important than copyright. But underground, closet
+cooperation does not make for a good society. A person should aspire to
+live an upright life openly with pride, and this means saying no to
+proprietary software.</p>
<p>
Ðие заÑлÑжаваÑе да имаÑе вÑзможноÑÑÑа да
Ñи ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑиÑе оÑкÑиÑо и Ñвободно
@@ -352,9 +334,9 @@
</p>
<p>
-ÐвÑоÑÑки пÑава 1994 РиÑаÑд СÑолман <br />
ÐоÑловноÑо копиÑане и
-ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение на ÑÑлаÑа ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñа
позволени за вÑеки Ñип ноÑиÑел без нÑжда
-Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑанеÑо на ÑакÑи, ÑÑига Ñази
бележка да бÑде запазена.
+Copyright © 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and
+distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without
+royalty provided this notice is preserved.
</p>
@@ -373,7 +355,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2009/10/06 18:25:11 $
+$Date: 2009/11/27 19:25:18 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/words-to-avoid.pot
===================================================================
RCS file:
/sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- po/words-to-avoid.pot 28 Oct 2009 18:25:15 -0000 1.18
+++ po/words-to-avoid.pot 27 Nov 2009 19:25:18 -0000 1.19
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-10-28 14:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-27 14:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -355,14 +355,14 @@
"absence of (1) intention and (2) ethics. In an ecosystem, species evolve "
"according to their fitness: if a species is weak and goes extinct, that's "
"neither right nor wrong, merely an ecological phenomenon. The term "
-"“ecosystem” implicitly suggests a attitude of passive "
+"“ecosystem” implicitly suggests a attitude of nonjudgmental "
"observation: don't ask how what <em>should</em> happen, just study what does "
"happen."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"By contrast, beings that adopt an active stance towards their surroundings, "
+"By contrast, beings that adopt an ethical stance towards their surroundings, "
"and have ideas of ethical responsibility, can decide to preserve things "
"that, on their own, would tend to vanish—such as civil society, "
"democracy, human rights, peace, public health, clean air and water, "
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