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trans-coord/gnun home.ru.shtml philosophy/po/wo...
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
trans-coord/gnun home.ru.shtml philosophy/po/wo... |
|
Date: |
Tue, 29 Apr 2008 20:25:23 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /sources/trans-coord
Module name: trans-coord
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 08/04/29 20:25:23
Modified files:
gnun : home.ru.shtml
Added files:
gnun/philosophy/po: words-to-avoid.pot
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/home.ru.shtml?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot?cvsroot=trans-coord&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: home.ru.shtml
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/home.ru.shtml,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- home.ru.shtml 26 Apr 2008 20:25:25 -0000 1.10
+++ home.ru.shtml 29 Apr 2008 20:25:23 -0000 1.11
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@
<a href="/doc/book13.html">Free Software, Free Society</a>.
</p>
-<p>The FSF also has sister organizations in <a
-href="http://www.fsfeurope.org";>Europe</a>, <a
-href="http://www.fsfla.org/";>Latin America</a> and <a
-href="http://fsf.org.in/";>India</a>.</p>
+<p>Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑеÑние оÑганизаÑии в
+<a href="http://www.fsfeurope.org";>ÐвÑопе</a>,
+<a href="http://www.fsfla.org/";>ÐаÑинÑкой ÐмеÑике</a>,
+<a href="http://fsf.org.in/";>Ðндии</a></p>
<!--
Keep link lines at 72 characters or lynx will break them poorly.
@@ -137,15 +137,17 @@
<div id="fss" style="text-align: center; background-color: #ffb; padding: 5px;
margin: 8px; border: 1px solid orange; font-size: 80%;">
- <p class="center big"><strong>Sign up for the <em>Free Software
Supporter</em></strong></p>
+ <p class="center big"><strong>ÐодпиÑиÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð°
<em>СÑоÑонник Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ</em></strong></p>
- <p>A monthly update on GNU and the Free Software Foundation</p>
+ <p>ÐжемеÑÑÑнÑе новоÑÑи о пÑоекÑе GNU и Ñонде
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ</p>
<form action="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/subscribe/info-fsf";
method="post">
- <p><input type="text" id="frmEmail" name="email" size="35" maxlength="80"
-value="address@hidden" onfocus="this.value=''" /> <input
-type="submit" value="Subscribe me" /></p>
+ <p><input type="text" id="frmEmail" name="email" size="35"
+maxlength="80" value="address@hidden" onfocus="this.value=''" />
+ <input type="submit" value="ÐодпиÑаÑÑÑÑ" /></p>
</form>
</div>
@@ -244,15 +246,17 @@
<li><strong>ÐÑажданам СШÐ:</strong>
<a href="/server/takeaction.html#antidmca">ÐодпиÑиÑе пеÑиÑии
пÑоÑив
паÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение и
DMCA</a>.</li>
- <li><strong>Long-term contribution:</strong> <a
-href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">Take over an unmaintained GNU
-package:</a> <a href="/software/ddd/">ddd</a>, <a
-href="/software/ffp/">ffp</a>, <a
-href="/software/gnuprologjava/">gnuprologjava</a>, <a
-href="/software/gnutrition/">gnutrition</a>, <a
-href="/software/gtkeyboard/">gtkeyboard</a>, <a href="/software/gv/">gv</a>,
-<a href="/software/mifluz/">mifluz</a>, <a
-href="/software/vmslib/">vmslib</a>.</li>
+ <li><strong>ÐолгоÑÑоÑное ÑодейÑÑвие:</strong>
+<a href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">ТÑебÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑководиÑели
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑледÑÑÑиÑ
GNU пакеÑов:</a>
+<a href="/software/ddd/">ddd</a>,
+<a href="/software/ffp/">ffp</a>,
+<a href="/software/gnuprologjava/">gnuprologjava</a>,
+<a href="/software/gnutrition/">gnutrition</a>,
+<a href="/software/gtkeyboard/">gtkeyboard</a>,
+<a href="/software/gv/">gv</a>,
+<a href="/software/mifluz/">mifluz</a>,
+<a href="/software/vmslib/">vmslib</a>.</li>
<li><strong>ÐолгоÑÑоÑное ÑодейÑÑвие:</strong>
<a href="/server/takeaction.html#gnustep">ÐожалÑйÑÑа,
помогиÑе</a> пÑоекÑÑ
Ñвободного обÑекÑно-оÑиенÑиÑованного
ÑÑеймвоÑка Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки пÑиложений -
@@ -311,7 +315,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
- $Date: 2008/04/26 20:25:25 $
+ $Date: 2008/04/29 20:25:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pot 29 Apr 2008 20:25:23 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,946 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-04-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:4
+msgid ""
+"Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:9
+msgid "Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:12
+msgid ""
+"There are a number of words and phrases which we recommend avoiding, or "
+"avoiding in certain contexts and usages. The reason is either that they are "
+"ambiguous, or that they imply an opinion that we hope you may not entirely "
+"agree with."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:18
../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:578
+msgid ""
+"Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free "
+"Software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:22
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Other Texts to Read</a> | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#BSD-style\" "
+"name=\"TOCBSD-style\">BSD-style</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Closed\" name=\"TOCClosed\">Closed</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Commercial\" "
+"name=\"TOCCommercial\">Commercial</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Compensation\" "
+"name=\"TOCCompensation\">Compensation</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Consumer\" "
+"name=\"TOCConsumer\">Consumer</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Content\" name=\"TOCContent\">Content</a>” "
+"| “<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Creator\" "
+"name=\"TOCCreator\">Creator</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#DigitalGoods\" name=\"TOCDigitalGoods\">Digital "
+"Goods</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#DigitalRightsManagement\" "
+"name=\"TOCDigitalRightsManagement\">Digital Rights Management</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Ecosystem\" "
+"name=\"TOCEcosystem\">Ecosystem</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#ForFree\" name=\"TOCForFree\">For free</a>” "
+"| “<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#FreelyAvailable\" "
+"name=\"TOCFreelyAvailable\">Freely available</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Freeware\" "
+"name=\"TOCFreeware\">Freeware</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware\" "
+"name=\"TOCGiveAwaySoftware\">Give away software</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Hacker\" name=\"TOCHacker\">Hacker</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\" "
+"name=\"TOCIntellectualProperty\">Intellectual property</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#LAMP\" name=\"TOCLAMP\">LAMP "
+"system</a>” | “<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Linux\" "
+"name=\"TOCLinux\">Linux system</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Market\" name=\"TOCMarket\">Market</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#MP3Player\" name=\"TOCMP3Player\">MP3 "
+"player</a>” | “<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Open\" "
+"name=\"TOCOpen\">Open</a>” | “<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#PC\" "
+"name=\"TOCPC\">PC</a>” | “<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\" "
+"name=\"TOCPiracy\">Piracy</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Protection\" "
+"name=\"TOCProtection\">Protection</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#RAND\" name=\"TOCRAND\">RAND</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware\" "
+"name=\"TOCSellSoftware\">Sell software</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#SoftwareIndustry\" "
+"name=\"TOCSoftwareIndustry\">Software Industry</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Theft\" name=\"TOCTheft\">Theft</a>” | "
+"“<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#TrustedComputing\" "
+"name=\"TOCTrustedComputing\">Trusted Computing</a>” | “<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Vendor\" name=\"TOCVendor\">Vendor</a>”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:85
+msgid "“BSD-style”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:87
+msgid ""
+"The expression “BSD-style license” leads to confusion because it "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have important "
+"differences</a>. For instance, the original BSD license with the "
+"advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU GPL, but the revised BSD "
+"license is compatible with the GPL."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:93
+msgid ""
+"To avoid confusion, it is best to name <a "
+"href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\"> the specific license in question</a> "
+"and avoid the vague term “BSD-style.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:98
+msgid "“Closed”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:100
+msgid ""
+"Describing non-free software as “closed” clearly refers to the "
+"term “open source”. In the Free Software Movement, <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we want to avoid "
+"being confused with the more recent Open Source Movement</a>, so we are "
+"careful to avoid usage that would encourage people to lump us in with them. "
+"Therefore, we avoid describing non-free software as “closed”. "
+"We call it “non-free” or <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> "
+"“proprietary”</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:111
+msgid "“Commercial”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:113
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use “commercial” as a synonym for "
+"“non-free.” That confuses two entirely different issues."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:117
+msgid ""
+"A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity. A "
+"commercial program can be free or non-free, depending on its license. "
+"Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual can be free or "
+"non-free, depending on its license. The two questions, what sort of entity "
+"developed the program and what freedom its users have, are independent."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:124
+msgid ""
+"In the first decade of the Free Software Movement, free software packages "
+"were almost always noncommercial; the components of the GNU/Linux operating "
+"system were developed by individuals or by nonprofit organizations such as "
+"the FSF and universities. Later, in the 90s, free commercial software "
+"started to appear."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:130
+msgid ""
+"Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should "
+"encourage it. But people who think that “commercial” means "
+"“non-free” will tend to think that the “free "
+"commercial” combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the "
+"possibility. Let's be careful not to use the word “commercial” "
+"in that way."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:138
+msgid "“Compensation”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:140
+msgid ""
+"To speak of “compensation for authors” in connection with "
+"copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the sake of "
+"authors and (2) whenever we read something, the author is working for us so "
+"we owe him money. The first assumption is simply <a "
+"href=\"misinterpreting-copyright.html\">false</a>, and the second is rather "
+"outrageous."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:148
+msgid "“Consumer”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:150
+msgid ""
+"The term “consumer”, when used to refer to computer users, "
+"carries unfortunate assumptions."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:153
+msgid ""
+"Economic theory uses the terms “producer” and "
+"“consumer”. In that context these words are appropriate. But "
+"describing the users of software as “consumers” presumes a "
+"narrow role for them. It treats them like cattle that passively graze on "
+"what others make available to them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:159
+msgid ""
+"This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA “Consumer "
+"Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act” which would require "
+"copying restriction facilities in every digital device. If all the users do "
+"is “consume”, then why should they mind?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:165
+msgid ""
+"The narrow economic vision of users as “consumers” tends to go "
+"hand in hand with the idea that published works are “content”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:169
+msgid ""
+"To describe people who are not limited to passive consumption on their "
+"computers, we suggest terms such as “individuals” and "
+"“citizens”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:174
+msgid "“Content”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:176
+msgid ""
+"If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all means "
+"say you are “content”, but using it as a noun to describe "
+"written and other works of authorship is worth avoiding. That usage adopts "
+"a specific attitude towards those works: that they are an interchangeable "
+"commodity whose purpose is to fill a box and make money. In effect, it "
+"treats the works themselves with disrespect."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:184
+msgid ""
+"Those who use this term are often the publishers that push for increased "
+"copyright power in the name of the authors (“creators”, as they "
+"say) of the works. The term “content” reveals what they really "
+"feel. (See <a "
+"href=\"http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html\";>Courtney
"
+"Love's open letter to Steve Case </a>(search for “content "
+"provider” in that page. Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term "
+"“intellectual property” is also <a "
+"href=\"#IntellectualProperty\"> misleading</a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:194
+msgid ""
+"However, as long as other people use the term “content "
+"provider”, political dissidents can well call themselves "
+"“malcontent providers”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:198
+msgid ""
+"The term “content management” takes the prize for vacuity. "
+"Neither word has any specific meaning; “content” means "
+"“some sort of information”, and “management” in this "
+"context means “doing something with it”. So a “content "
+"management system” is a system for doing something to some sort of "
+"information. In most cases, that term really refers to a system for "
+"updating a website. For that, we recommend the term “website revision "
+"system” (WRS)."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:207
+msgid "“Creator”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:209
+msgid ""
+"The term “creator” as applied to authors implicitly compares "
+"them to a deity (“the creator”). The term is used by publishers "
+"to elevate the authors' moral stature above that of ordinary people, to "
+"justify increased copyright power that the publishers can exercise in the "
+"name of the authors. We recommend saying “author” instead. "
+"However, in many cases “copyright holder” is what you really "
+"mean."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:218
+msgid "“Digital Goods”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:221
+msgid ""
+"The term “digital goods” as applied to copies of works of "
+"authorship forces them into the thought mold of physical goods — which "
+"cannot be copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured and sold."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:226
+msgid "“Digital Rights Management”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:228
+msgid ""
+"“Digital Rights Management” refers to technical schemes designed "
+"to impose restrictions on computer users. The use of the word "
+"“rights” in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you "
+"unawares into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose the "
+"restrictions, and ignoring that of the general public on whom these "
+"restrictions are imposed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:235
+msgid ""
+"Good alternatives include “Digital Restrictions Management”, "
+"“Digital Restrictions Malware”, and “digital "
+"handcuffs”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:240
+msgid "“Ecosystem”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:242
+msgid ""
+"It is a mistake to describe our community (or any community) as an "
+"“ecosystem”, because that word implies the absence of (1) "
+"intension and (2) ethics. In an ecosystem, species evolve according to "
+"their fitness. If something is weak, it goes extinct, and that's neither "
+"right nor wrong. The term “ecosystem” implicitly suggests a "
+"passive attitude: “Don't ask how things <em>should</em> be, just watch "
+"what happens to them”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:251
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, beings that have ethical responsibility can decide to preserve "
+"something that, on its own, would tend to vanish—such as civil "
+"society, democracy, human rights, peace, public health, … or computer "
+"users' freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:258
+msgid "“For free”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:260
+msgid ""
+"If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say that it "
+"is available “for free.” That term specifically means “for "
+"zero price.” Free software is a matter of freedom, not price."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:265
+msgid ""
+"Free software copies are often available for free—for example, by "
+"downloading via FTP. But free software copies are also available for a "
+"price on CD-ROMs; meanwhile, proprietary software copies are occasionally "
+"available for free in promotions, and some proprietary packages are normally "
+"available at no charge to certain users."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:271
+msgid ""
+"To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available “as free "
+"software.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:275
+msgid "“Freely Available”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:277
+msgid ""
+"Don't use “freely available” as a synonym for “free "
+"software.” They are not equivalent. “Freely available” "
+"means that anyone can easily get a copy. “Free software” is "
+"defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy. These are "
+"answers to different questions."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:285
+msgid "“Freeware”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:287
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use the term “freeware” as a synonym for "
+"“free software.” The term “freeware” was used often "
+"in the 1980s for programs released only as executables, with source code not "
+"available. Today it has no particular agreed-on definition."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:293
+msgid ""
+"Also, if you use other languages than English, please try to avoid borrowing "
+"English terms such as “free software” or “freeware.” "
+"It is better to translate the term “free software” into <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your language</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:300
+msgid ""
+"By using a word in <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your own "
+"language</a>, you show that you are really referring to freedom and not just "
+"parroting some mysterious foreign marketing concept. The reference to "
+"freedom may at first seem strange or disturbing to your compatriots, but "
+"once they see that it means exactly what it says, they will really "
+"understand what the issue is."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:309
+msgid "“Give away software”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:311
+msgid ""
+"It's misleading to use the term “give away” to mean "
+"“distribute a program as free software.” It has the same problem "
+"as “for free”: it implies the issue is price, not freedom. One "
+"way to avoid the confusion is to say “release as free software.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:318
+msgid "Hacker"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:320
+msgid ""
+"A hacker is someone who <a "
+"href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";> enjoys playful "
+"cleverness</a>—not necessarily with computers. The programmers in the "
+"old <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> free "
+"software community of the 60s and 70s referred to themselves as hackers. "
+"Around 1980, journalists who discovered the hacker community mistakenly took "
+"the term to mean “security breaker”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:330
+msgid ""
+"Please don't spread this mistake. People who break security are "
+"“crackers”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:334
+msgid "“Intellectual property”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:336
+msgid ""
+"Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as “intellectual "
+"property”—a term that also includes patents, trademarks, and "
+"other more obscure areas of law. These laws have so little in common, and "
+"differ so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them. It is best "
+"to talk specifically about “copyright,” or about "
+"“patents,” or about “trademarks.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:344
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” carries a hidden "
+"assumption—that the way to think about all these disparate issues is "
+"based on an analogy with physical objects, and our ideas of physical "
+"property."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:349
+msgid ""
+"When it comes to copying, this analogy disregards the crucial difference "
+"between material objects and information: information can be copied and "
+"shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:354
+msgid ""
+"To avoid the bias and confusion of this term, it is best to make a firm "
+"decision <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think in "
+"terms of “intellectual property”</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:358
+msgid ""
+"The hypocrisy of calling these powers “rights” is <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to "
+"make WIPO embarrassed</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:363
+msgid "“LAMP system”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:365
+msgid ""
+"“LAMP” stands for “Linux, Apache, MySQL and "
+"PHP”—a common combination of software to use on a web server, "
+"except that “Linux” really refers to the GNU/Linux system. So "
+"instead of “LAMP” it should be “GLAMP”: “GNU, "
+"Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:373
+msgid "Linux system"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:375
+msgid ""
+"Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting in "
+"1991. The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with "
+"Linux added. To call the whole system “Linux” is both unfair "
+"and confusing. Please call the complete system <a "
+"href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU "
+"Project credit and distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:385
+msgid "“Market”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:387
+msgid ""
+"It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the software "
+"users in general, as a “market”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:390
+msgid ""
+"This is not to say we're against markets. If you have a free software "
+"support business, then you have clients, and you trade with them in a "
+"market. As long as you respect their freedom, we wish you success in your "
+"market."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:395
+msgid ""
+"But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and the "
+"success it aims for is not a market success. We are trying to serve the "
+"public by giving it freedom—not competing to take them away from a "
+"rival. To equate this campaign for freedom to a business' campaign for mere "
+"success is to diminish the significance of freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:402
+msgid "“MP3 player”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:404
+msgid ""
+"In the late 1990's it became feasible to make portable, solid-state digital "
+"audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not all. Some "
+"support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and may not even "
+"support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid the patents. To call "
+"such players “MP3 players” is not only confusing, it also puts "
+"MP3 in an undeserved position of privilege which helps the patent holders "
+"continue to attack our community. We suggest the terms “digital audio "
+"player”, or simply “audio player” if context permits."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:415
+msgid "“Open”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:417
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term “open” or “open source” "
+"as a substitute for “free software”. They refer to a <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> different "
+"position</a> based on different values. Free software is a political "
+"movement; open source is a development model. When referring to the open "
+"source position, using its name is appropriate; but please don't label us or "
+"our work with its slogan—that leads people to think we share those "
+"views."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:427
+msgid "“PC”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:429
+msgid ""
+"It's ok to use the abbreviation “PC” to refer to a certain kind "
+"of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the implication that the "
+"computer is running Microsoft Windows. If you install GNU/Linux on the same "
+"computer, it is still a PC."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:435
+msgid "“Piracy”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:437
+msgid ""
+"Publishers often refer to prohibited copying as “piracy.” In "
+"this way, they imply that illegal copying is ethically equivalent to "
+"attacking ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:442
+msgid ""
+"If you don't believe that illegal copying is just like kidnapping and "
+"murder, you might prefer not to use the word “piracy” to "
+"describe it. Neutral terms such as “prohibited copying” or "
+"“unauthorized copying” are available for use instead. Some of "
+"us might even prefer to use a positive term such as “sharing "
+"information with your neighbor.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:450
+msgid "“Protection”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:452
+msgid ""
+"Publishers' lawyers love to use the term “protection” to "
+"describe copyright. This word carries the implication of preventing "
+"destruction or suffering; therefore, it encourages people to identify with "
+"the owner and publisher who benefit from copyright, rather than with the "
+"users who are restricted by it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:458
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to avoid “protection” and use neutral terms instead. "
+"For example, instead of “Copyright protection lasts a very long "
+"time,” you can say, “Copyright lasts a very long time.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:463
+msgid ""
+"If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can use the "
+"term “copyright restrictions.” So you can say, “Copyright "
+"restrictions last a very long time.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:468
+msgid ""
+"The term “protection” is also used to describe malicious "
+"features, as in “copy protection”, a feature that interferes "
+"with copying. From the user's point of view, this is obstruction. So we "
+"call that malicious feature “copy obstruction”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:475
+msgid "“RAND (reasonable and non-discriminatory)”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:477
+msgid ""
+"Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that prohibit "
+"free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent licenses that "
+"require a fixed fee per copy of a conforming program. They often refer to "
+"such licenses by the term “RAND,” which stands for "
+"“reasonable and non-discriminatory.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:483
+msgid ""
+"That term white-washes a class of patent licenses that are normally neither "
+"reasonable nor non-discriminatory. It is true that these licenses do not "
+"discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against "
+"the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable. Thus, half "
+"of “RAND” is deceptive and the other half is prejudiced."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:490
+msgid ""
+"Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are discriminatory, "
+"and drop the use of the term “reasonable and non-discriminatory” "
+"or “RAND” to describe them. Until they do so, other writers who "
+"do not wish to join in the white-washing would do well to reject that term. "
+"To accept and use it merely because patent-wielding companies have made it "
+"widespread is to let those companies dictate the views you express."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:498
+msgid ""
+"We suggest the term “uniform fee only,” or “UFO” for "
+"short, as a replacement. It is accurate because the only condition in these "
+"licenses is a uniform royalty fee."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:503
+msgid "“Sell software”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:505
+msgid ""
+"The term “sell software” is ambiguous. Strictly speaking, "
+"exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is "
+"“selling”; but people usually associate the term "
+"“sell” with proprietary restrictions on the subsequent use of "
+"the software. You can be more precise, and prevent confusion, by saying "
+"either “distributing copies of a program for a fee” or "
+"“imposing proprietary restrictions on the use of a program,” "
+"depending on what you mean."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:514
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> for more "
+"discussion of this issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:518
+msgid "“Software Industry”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:520
+msgid ""
+"The term “software industry” encourages people to imagine that "
+"software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to "
+"consumers. The free software community shows this is not the case. "
+"Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or "
+"non-free software, but those that develop free software are not like "
+"factories."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:527
+msgid ""
+"The term “industry” is being used as propaganda by advocates of "
+"software patents. They call software development “industry” and "
+"then try to argue that this means it should be subject to patent "
+"monopolies. <a href=\"http://swpat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\";> The "
+"European Parliament, rejecting software patents in 2003, voted to define "
+"“industry” as “automated production of material "
+"goods”.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:537
+msgid "“Theft”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:539
+msgid ""
+"Copyright apologists often use words like “stolen” and "
+"“theft” to describe copyright infringement. At the same time, "
+"they ask us to treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying "
+"is forbidden, it must be wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:544
+msgid ""
+"So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system—at least in the "
+"US—rejects the idea that copyright infringement is "
+"“theft.” Copyright apologists are making an appeal to authority "
+"… and misrepresenting what authority says."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:549
+msgid ""
+"The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in general. "
+"Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that laws "
+"define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:555
+msgid "“Trusted Computing”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:557
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"can-you-trust.html\">“Trusted computing”</a> is the "
+"proponents name for a scheme to redesign computers so that application "
+"developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of you. For their "
+"point of view, it is “trusted”. From your point of view, it is "
+"“treacherous”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:565
+msgid "“Vendor”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:567
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use the term “vendor” to refer generally to anyone "
+"that develops or packages a software package. Many programs are developed "
+"in order to sell copies, and their developers are therefore their vendors; "
+"this includes some free software packages. However, many programs are "
+"developed by volunteers or organizations which do not intend to sell "
+"copies. These developers are not vendors. Likewise, only some of the "
+"packagers of GNU/Linux distributions are vendors."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:582
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"/doc/book13.html\"><cite>Free Software, "
+"Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:588
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:595
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:605
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:612
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc.,"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><address>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:614
+msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:615
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:623
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:625
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.proto:633
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
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