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trans-coord/gnun prep/gnun/gnun.mk prep/gnun/Ch...
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From: |
Kaloian Doganov |
|
Subject: |
trans-coord/gnun prep/gnun/gnun.mk prep/gnun/Ch... |
|
Date: |
Wed, 30 Jan 2008 10:18:05 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /sources/trans-coord
Module name: trans-coord
Changes by: Kaloian Doganov <kaloian> 08/01/30 10:18:05
Modified files:
gnun/prep/gnun : gnun.mk ChangeLog
Added files:
gnun/philosophy: sun-in-night-time.html java-trap.html
Log message:
* gnun.mk (philosophy): Add `java-trap' and `sun-in-night-time'.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/prep/gnun/gnun.mk?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/prep/gnun/ChangeLog?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&rev=1.1
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/philosophy/java-trap.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: prep/gnun/gnun.mk
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/prep/gnun/gnun.mk,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- prep/gnun/gnun.mk 28 Jan 2008 20:10:13 -0000 1.4
+++ prep/gnun/gnun.mk 30 Jan 2008 10:18:04 -0000 1.5
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@
philosophy := bdk \
eldred-amicus \
+ java-trap \
philosophy \
- schools
+ schools \
+ sun-in-night-time
ALL_DIRS := gnu \
philosophy
Index: prep/gnun/ChangeLog
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/prep/gnun/ChangeLog,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- prep/gnun/ChangeLog 29 Jan 2008 22:03:03 -0000 1.18
+++ prep/gnun/ChangeLog 30 Jan 2008 10:18:04 -0000 1.19
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2008-01-30 Kaloian Doganov <address@hidden>
+
+ * gnun.mk (philosophy): Add `java-trap' and `sun-in-night-time'.
+
2008-01-30 Yavor Doganov <address@hidden>
* GNUmakefile ($(template_dir)/po/%.$(1).po): Handle the case when
Index: philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html
diff -N philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html 30 Jan 2008 10:18:05 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</h2>
+
+<p><i>We leave this web page in place for the sake of history,
+but as of December 2006, Sun is in the middle of <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>rereleasing
+its Java platform under the GNU GPL</a>. When this license change is
+completed, we expect Sun's Java will be free software.</i></p>
+
+ <p>
+ by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a><br />
+ May 24, 2006.
+ </p>
+
+ <hr />
+
+ <p>
+ Our community has been abuzz with the rumor that Sun has made its
+ implementation Java free software (or "open source"). Community
leaders
+ even publicly thanked Sun for its contribution. What is Sun's new
contribution
+ to the FLOSS community?
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Nothing. Absolutely nothing--and that's what makes the response to
this
+ non-incident so curious.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Sun's Java implementation remains proprietary software, just as
before. It
+ doesn't come close to meeting the criteria for
+ <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html";>free
software</a>, or
+ the similar but slightly looser criteria for open source. Its source
code
+ is available only under an NDA.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ So what did Sun actually do? It allowed more convenient
redistribution of the
+ binaries of its Java platform. With this change, GNU/Linux distros
can include
+ the non-free Sun Java platform, just as some now include the non-free
nVidia
+ driver. But they do so only at the cost of being non-free.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ The Sun license has one restriction that may ironically reduce the
tendency
+ for users to accept non-free software without thinking twice: it
insists that
+ the operating system distributor get the user's explicit agreement to
the
+ license before letting the user install the code. This means the
system
+ cannot silently install Sun's Java platform without warning users
they have
+ non-free software, as some GNU/Linux systems silently install the
nVidia driver.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ If you look closely at Sun's announcement, you will see that it
accurately
+ represents these facts. It does not say that Sun's Java platform is
free
+ software, or even open source. It only predicts that the platform
will be
+ "widely available" on "leading open source platforms". Available,
that is,
+ as proprietary software, on terms that deny your freedom.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Why did this non-incident generate a large and confused reaction?
Perhaps
+ because people do not read these announcements carefully. Ever since
the
+ term "open source" was coined, we have seen companies find ways to
use it
+ and their product name in the same sentence. (They don't seem to do
this
+ with "free software", though they could if they wanted to.) The
careless
+ reader may note the two terms in proximity and falsely assume that
one
+ talks about the other.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ Some believe that this non-incident represents Sun's exploratory
steps
+ towards eventually releasing its Java platform as free software.
Let's hope
+ Sun does that some day. We would welcome that, but we should save
our
+ appreciation for the day that actually occurs. In the mean time, the
+ <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/java-trap.html";>Java Trap</a>
+ still lies in wait for the work of programmers who don't take
precautions
+ to avoid it.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ We in the GNU Project continue developing the
+ <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>GNU Compiler for Java and GNU
Classpath</a>;
+ we made great progress in the past year, so our free platform for
Java is
+ included in many major GNU/Linux distros. If you want to run Java and
have
+ freedom, please join in and help.
+ </p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html";>other ways to
contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2006 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
+preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2008/01/30 10:18:05 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/java-trap.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/java-trap.html
diff -N philosophy/java-trap.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/java-trap.html 30 Jan 2008 10:18:05 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="announcement"><h3>Headnote</h3>
+<p>As of December 2006, Sun is in the middle
+of <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>rereleasing
+its Java platform under the GNU GPL</a>. When this license change is
+completed, we expect that Java will no longer be a trap.
+Nonetheless, the general issue described here will remain
+important, because any non-free library or programming platform can
+cause a similar problem. We must learn a lesson from the history of
+Java, so we can avoid other traps in the future.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>April 12, 2004</p>
+
+<p>
+ If your program is free software, it is basically ethical—but
+ there is a trap you must be on guard for. Your program, though in
+ itself free, may be restricted by non-free software that it depends
+ on. Since the problem is most prominent today for Java programs, we
+ call it the Java Trap.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ A program is free software if its users have certain crucial
+ freedoms. Roughly speaking, they are: the freedom to run the
+ program, the freedom to study and change the source, the freedom to
+ redistribute the source and binaries, and the freedom to publish
+ improved versions. (See
+ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)
+ Whether any given program is free software depends solely on the
+ meaning of its license.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Whether the program can be used in the Free World, used by people who mean
to
+ live in freedom, is a more complex question. This is not determined by the
+ program's own license, because no program works in isolation. Every program
+ depends on other programs. For instance, a program needs to be compiled or
+ interpreted, so it depends on a compiler or interpreter. If compiled into
+ byte code, it depends on a byte code interpreter. Moreover, it needs
+ libraries in order to run, and it may also invoke other separate programs
+ that run in other processes. All of these programs are dependencies.
+ Dependencies may be necessary for the program to run at all, or they may
+ be necessary only for certain features. Either way, all or part of the
+ program cannot operate without the dependencies.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ If some of a program's dependencies are non-free, this means that
+ all or part of the program is unable to run in an entirely free
+ system—it is unusable in the Free World. Sure, we could
+ redistribute the program and have copies on our machines, but that's
+ not much good if it won't run. That program is free software, but it
+ is effectively shackled by its non-free dependencies.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ This problem can occur in any kind of software, in any language. For
+ instance, a free program that only runs on Microsoft Windows is clearly
+ useless in the Free World. But software that runs on GNU/Linux can also be
+ useless if it depends on other non-free software. In the past, Motif (before
+ we had LessTif) and Qt (before its developers made it free software) were
+ major causes of this problem. Most 3D video cards work fully only with
+ non-free drivers, which also cause this problem. But the major source of
+ this problem today is Java, because people who write free software often
+ feel Java is sexy. Blinded by their attraction to the language, they
+ overlook the issue of dependencies, and they fall into the Java Trap.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Sun's implementation of Java is non-free. The standard Java libraries are
+ non-free also. We do have free implementations of Java, such as the <a
+ href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>GNU Compiler for Java</a> (GCJ) and <a
+ href="/software/classpath">GNU Classpath</a>, but they don't support all the
+ features yet. We are still catching up.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ If you develop a Java program on Sun's Java platform, you are liable
+ to use Sun-only features without even noticing. By the time you find
+ this out, you may have been using them for months, and redoing the
+ work could take more months. You might say, “It's too much
+ work to start over.” Then your program will have fallen into
+ the Java Trap; it will be unusable in the Free World.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ The reliable way to avoid the Java Trap is to have only a free
implementation
+ of Java on your system. Then if you use a Java feature or library that free
+ software does not yet support, you will find out straightaway, and you can
+ rewrite that code immediately.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Sun continues to develop additional “standard” Java
+ libraries, and nearly all of them are non-free; in many cases, even
+ a library's specification is a trade secret, and Sun's latest
+ license for these specifications prohibits release of anything less
+ than a full implementation of the specification. (See
+ <a
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf</a>
and
+ <a
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html</a>,
+ for examples).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Fortunately, that specification license does permit releasing an
+ implementation as free software; others who receive the library can be
+ allowed to change it and are not required to adhere to the specification.
+ But the requirement has the effect of prohibiting the use of a collaborative
+ development model to produce the free implementation. Use of that model
would
+ entail publishing incomplete versions, which those who have read the spec
are
+ not allowed to do.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ In the early days of the Free Software Movement, it was impossible to avoid
+ depending on non-free programs. Before we had the GNU C compiler, every C
+ program (free or not) depended on a non-free C compiler. Before we had the
+ GNU C library, every program depended on a non-free C library. Before we had
+ Linux, the first free kernel, every program depended on a non-free kernel.
+ Before we had Bash, every shell script had to be interpreted by a non-free
+ shell. It was inevitable that our first programs would initially be hampered
+ by these dependencies, but we accepted this because our plan included
rescuing
+ them subsequently. Our overall goal, a self-hosting GNU operating system,
+ included free replacements for all those dependencies; if we reached the
goal,
+ all our programs would be rescued. Thus it happened: with the GNU/Linux
system,
+ we can now run these programs on free platforms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ The situation is different today. We now have powerful free operating
systems
+ and many free programming tools. Whatever job you want to do, you can do it
on
+ a free platform; there is no need to accept a non-free dependency even
+ temporarily. The main reason people fall into the trap today is because they
+ are not thinking about it. The easiest solution to the problem of the Java
Trap
+ is to teach people not to fall into it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ To keep your Java code safe from the Java Trap, install a free Java
+ development environment and use it. More generally, whatever
+ language you use, keep your eyes open, and check the free status of
+ programs your code depends on. The easiest way to verify that a
+ program is free is by looking for it in the Free Software Directory
+ (<a href="http://www.fsf.org/directory";>http://www.fsf.org/directory</a>).
+ If a program is not in the directory, you can check its license(s)
+ against the list of free software licenses
+ (<a
href="/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ We are trying to rescue the trapped Java programs, so if you like the Java
+ language, we invite you to help in developing GNU Classpath. Trying your
+ programs with the the GCJ Compiler and GNU Classpath, and reporting any
+ problems you encounter in classes already implemented, is also useful.
+ However, finishing GNU Classpath will take time; if more non-free libraries
+ continue to be added, we may never have all the latest ones. So please don't
+ put your free software in shackles. When you write an application program
+ today, write it to run on free facilities from the start.
+</p>
+
+<h3>See also:</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious Incident
+of Sun in the Night-Time</a></p>
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2004 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
+preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2008/01/30 10:18:05 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- Greek -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Dutch-->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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