[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 1/4] docs: convert CODING_STYLE and HACKING to markdown syntax

[Daniel P . Berrangé]

Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <address@hidden>
---
 CODING_STYLE => CODING_STYLE.md | 37 +++++++++---------
 HACKING => HACKING.md           | 68 ++++++++++++++++++---------------
 README                          |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)
 rename CODING_STYLE => CODING_STYLE.md (92%)
 rename HACKING => HACKING.md (88%)

diff --git a/CODING_STYLE b/CODING_STYLE.md
similarity index 92%
rename from CODING_STYLE
rename to CODING_STYLE.md
index cb8edcbb36..056eda7739 100644
--- a/CODING_STYLE
+++ b/CODING_STYLE.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ QEMU Coding Style
 Please use the script checkpatch.pl in the scripts directory to check
 patches before submitting.
 
-1. Whitespace
+## Whitespace
 
 Of course, the most important aspect in any coding style is whitespace.
 Crusty old coders who have trouble spotting the glasses on their noses
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Spaces of course are superior to tabs because:
 
 Do not leave whitespace dangling off the ends of lines.
 
-1.1 Multiline Indent
+### Multiline Indent
 
 There are several places where indent is necessary:
 
@@ -53,9 +53,8 @@ For example:
 
 In case of function, there are several variants:
 
-    * 4 spaces indent from the beginning
-    * align the secondary lines just after the opening parenthesis of the
-      first
+ * 4 spaces indent from the beginning
+ * align the secondary lines just after the opening parenthesis of the first
 
 For example:
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ For example:
     do_something(x, do_another(y,
                                z));
 
-2. Line width
+## Line width
 
 Lines should be 80 characters; try not to make them longer.
 
@@ -77,6 +76,7 @@ that use long function or symbol names.  Even in that case, 
do not make
 lines much longer than 80 characters.
 
 Rationale:
+
  - Some people like to tile their 24" screens with a 6x4 matrix of 80x24
    xterms and use vi in all of them.  The best way to punish them is to
    let them keep doing it.
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Rationale:
    at all that white space on the left!") moot.
  - It is the QEMU coding style.
 
-3. Naming
+## Naming
 
 Variables are lower_case_with_underscores; easy to type and read.  Structured
 type names are in CamelCase; harder to type but standing out.  Enum type
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ and is therefore likely to be changed.
 When wrapping standard library functions, use the prefix qemu_ to alert
 readers that they are seeing a wrapped version; otherwise avoid this prefix.
 
-4. Block structure
+## Block structure
 
 Every indented statement is braced; even if the block contains just one
 statement.  The opening brace is on the line that contains the control
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Rationale: a consistent (except for functions...) bracing 
style reduces
 ambiguity and avoids needless churn when lines are added or removed.
 Furthermore, it is the QEMU coding style.
 
-5. Declarations
+## Declarations
 
 Mixed declarations (interleaving statements and declarations within
 blocks) are generally not allowed; declarations should be at the beginning
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ be placed at the top of the block even if there are 
statements above.
 On the other hand, however, it's often best to move that #ifdef/#ifndef
 block to a separate function altogether.
 
-6. Conditional statements
+## Conditional statements
 
 When comparing a variable for (in)equality with a constant, list the
 constant on the right, as in:
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Rationale: Yoda conditions (as in 'if (1 == a)') are 
awkward to read.
 Besides, good compilers already warn users when '==' is mis-typed as '=',
 even when the constant is on the right.
 
-7. Comment style
+## Comment style
 
 We use traditional C-style /* */ comments and avoid // comments.
 
@@ -165,10 +165,12 @@ consistency of style. The checkpatch script will warn you 
about this.
 
 Multiline comment blocks should have a row of stars on the left,
 and the initial /* and terminating */ both on their own lines:
+
     /*
      * like
      * this
      */
+
 This is the same format required by the Linux kernel coding style.
 
 (Some of the existing comments in the codebase use the GNU Coding
@@ -180,24 +182,24 @@ comment anyway.)
 Rationale: Consistency, and ease of visually picking out a multiline
 comment from the surrounding code.
 
-8. trace-events style
+## trace-events style
 
-8.1 0x prefix
+### 0x prefix
 
 In trace-events files, use a '0x' prefix to specify hex numbers, as in:
 
-some_trace(unsigned x, uint64_t y) "x 0x%x y 0x" PRIx64
+    some_trace(unsigned x, uint64_t y) "x 0x%x y 0x" PRIx64
 
 An exception is made for groups of numbers that are hexadecimal by
 convention and separated by the symbols '.', '/', ':', or ' ' (such as
 PCI bus id):
 
-another_trace(int cssid, int ssid, int dev_num) "bus id: %x.%x.%04x"
+    another_trace(int cssid, int ssid, int dev_num) "bus id: %x.%x.%04x"
 
 However, you can use '0x' for such groups if you want. Anyway, be sure that
 it is obvious that numbers are in hex, ex.:
 
-data_dump(uint8_t c1, uint8_t c2, uint8_t c3) "bytes (in hex): %02x %02x %02x"
+    data_dump(uint8_t c1, uint8_t c2, uint8_t c3) "bytes (in hex): %02x %02x 
%02x"
 
 Rationale: hex numbers are hard to read in logs when there is no 0x prefix,
 especially when (occasionally) the representation doesn't contain any letters
@@ -205,12 +207,13 @@ and especially in one line with other decimal numbers. 
Number groups are allowed
 to not use '0x' because for some things notations like %x.%x.%x are used not
 only in Qemu. Also dumping raw data bytes with '0x' is less readable.
 
-8.2 '#' printf flag
+### '#' printf flag
 
 Do not use printf flag '#', like '%#x'.
 
 Rationale: there are two ways to add a '0x' prefix to printed number: '0x%...'
 and '%#...'. For consistency the only one way should be used. Arguments for
 '0x%' are:
+
  - it is more popular
  - '%#' omits the 0x for the value 0 which makes output inconsistent
diff --git a/HACKING b/HACKING.md
similarity index 88%
rename from HACKING
rename to HACKING.md
index 097d482603..f2f85be40f 100644
--- a/HACKING
+++ b/HACKING.md
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
-1. Preprocessor
+QEMU Hacking
+============
 
-1.1. Variadic macros
+## Preprocessor
+
+### Variadic macros
 
 For variadic macros, stick with this C99-like syntax:
 
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...)                                       \
-    do { printf("IRQ: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+    #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...)                                       \
+        do { printf("IRQ: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
 
-1.2. Include directives
+### Include directives
 
 Order include directives as follows:
 
-#include "qemu/osdep.h"  /* Always first... */
-#include <...>           /* then system headers... */
-#include "..."           /* and finally QEMU headers. */
+    #include "qemu/osdep.h"  /* Always first... */
+    #include <...>           /* then system headers... */
+    #include "..."           /* and finally QEMU headers. */
 
 The "qemu/osdep.h" header contains preprocessor macros that affect the behavior
 of core system headers like <stdint.h>.  It must be the first include so that
@@ -23,12 +26,12 @@ that QEMU depends on.
 Do not include "qemu/osdep.h" from header files since the .c file will have
 already included it.
 
-2. C types
+## C types
 
 It should be common sense to use the right type, but we have collected
 a few useful guidelines here.
 
-2.1. Scalars
+### Scalars
 
 If you're using "int" or "long", odds are good that there's a better type.
 If a variable is counting something, it should be declared with an
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ Finally, while using descriptive types is important, be 
careful not to
 go overboard.  If whatever you're doing causes warnings, or requires
 casts, then reconsider or ask for help.
 
-2.2. Pointers
+### Pointers
 
 Ensure that all of your pointers are "const-correct".
 Unless a pointer is used to modify the pointed-to storage,
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ importantly, if we're diligent about this, when you see a 
non-const
 pointer, you're guaranteed that it is used to modify the storage
 it points to, or it is aliased to another pointer that is.
 
-2.3. Typedefs
+### Typedefs
 
 Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant 'struct' keyword, since type
 names have a different style than other identifiers ("CamelCase" versus
@@ -114,11 +117,11 @@ definitions instead of typedefs in headers and function 
prototypes; this
 avoids problems with duplicated typedefs and reduces the need to include
 headers from other headers.
 
-2.4. Reserved namespaces in C and POSIX
+### Reserved namespaces in C and POSIX
 Underscore capital, double underscore, and underscore 't' suffixes should be
 avoided.
 
-3. Low level memory management
+## Low level memory management
 
 Use of the malloc/free/realloc/calloc/valloc/memalign/posix_memalign
 APIs is not allowed in the QEMU codebase. Instead of these routines,
@@ -133,16 +136,15 @@ Calling g_malloc with a zero size is valid and will 
return NULL.
 Prefer g_new(T, n) instead of g_malloc(sizeof(T) * n) for the following
 reasons:
 
-  a. It catches multiplication overflowing size_t;
-  b. It returns T * instead of void *, letting compiler catch more type
-     errors.
+ * It catches multiplication overflowing size_t;
+ * It returns T * instead of void *, letting compiler catch more type errors.
 
 Declarations like T *v = g_malloc(sizeof(*v)) are acceptable, though.
 
 Memory allocated by qemu_memalign or qemu_blockalign must be freed with
 qemu_vfree, since breaking this will cause problems on Win32.
 
-4. String manipulation
+## String manipulation
 
 Do not use the strncpy function.  As mentioned in the man page, it does *not*
 guarantee a NULL-terminated buffer, which makes it extremely dangerous to use.
@@ -151,15 +153,17 @@ use this similar function when possible, but note its 
different signature:
 void pstrcpy(char *dest, int dest_buf_size, const char *src)
 
 Don't use strcat because it can't check for buffer overflows, but:
-char *pstrcat(char *buf, int buf_size, const char *s)
+
+    char *pstrcat(char *buf, int buf_size, const char *s)
 
 The same limitation exists with sprintf and vsprintf, so use snprintf and
 vsnprintf.
 
 QEMU provides other useful string functions:
-int strstart(const char *str, const char *val, const char **ptr)
-int stristart(const char *str, const char *val, const char **ptr)
-int qemu_strnlen(const char *s, int max_len)
+
+    int strstart(const char *str, const char *val, const char **ptr)
+    int stristart(const char *str, const char *val, const char **ptr)
+    int qemu_strnlen(const char *s, int max_len)
 
 There are also replacement character processing macros for isxyz and toxyz,
 so instead of e.g. isalnum you should use qemu_isalnum.
@@ -167,7 +171,7 @@ so instead of e.g. isalnum you should use qemu_isalnum.
 Because of the memory management rules, you must use g_strdup/g_strndup
 instead of plain strdup/strndup.
 
-5. Printf-style functions
+## Printf-style functions
 
 Whenever you add a new printf-style function, i.e., one with a format
 string argument and following "..." in its prototype, be sure to use
@@ -177,12 +181,13 @@ This makes it so gcc's -Wformat and -Wformat-security 
options can do
 their jobs and cross-check format strings with the number and types
 of arguments.
 
-6. C standard, implementation defined and undefined behaviors
+## C standard, implementation defined and undefined behaviors
 
 C code in QEMU should be written to the C99 language specification. A copy
 of the final version of the C99 standard with corrigenda TC1, TC2, and TC3
 included, formatted as a draft, can be downloaded from:
- http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf
+
+    http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf
 
 The C language specification defines regions of undefined behavior and
 implementation defined behavior (to give compiler authors enough leeway to
@@ -193,17 +198,18 @@ argument...) However there are a few areas where we allow 
ourselves to
 assume certain behaviors because in practice all the platforms we care about
 behave in the same way and writing strictly conformant code would be
 painful. These are:
- * you may assume that integers are 2s complement representation
- * you may assume that right shift of a signed integer duplicates
+
+ - you may assume that integers are 2s complement representation
+ - you may assume that right shift of a signed integer duplicates
    the sign bit (ie it is an arithmetic shift, not a logical shift)
 
 In addition, QEMU assumes that the compiler does not use the latitude
 given in C99 and C11 to treat aspects of signed '<<' as undefined, as
 documented in the GNU Compiler Collection manual starting at version 4.0.
 
-7. Error handling and reporting
+## Error handling and reporting
 
-7.1 Reporting errors to the human user
+### Reporting errors to the human user
 
 Do not use printf(), fprintf() or monitor_printf().  Instead, use
 error_report() or error_vreport() from error-report.h.  This ensures the
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@ like command line parsing, the current location is tracked
 automatically.  To manipulate it manually, use the loc_*() from
 error-report.h.
 
-7.2 Propagating errors
+### Propagating errors
 
 An error can't always be reported to the user right where it's detected,
 but often needs to be propagated up the call chain to a place that can
@@ -242,7 +248,7 @@ Do not report an error to the user when you're also 
returning an error
 for somebody else to handle.  Leave the reporting to the place that
 consumes the error returned.
 
-7.3 Handling errors
+### Handling errors
 
 Calling exit() is fine when handling configuration errors during
 startup.  It's problematic during normal operation.  In particular,
diff --git a/README b/README
index 441c33eb2f..374b8f1486 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ When submitting patches, one common approach is to use 'git
 format-patch' and/or 'git send-email' to format & send the mail to the
 address@hidden mailing list. All patches submitted must contain
 a 'Signed-off-by' line from the author. Patches should follow the
-guidelines set out in the HACKING and CODING_STYLE files.
+guidelines set out in the HACKING.md and CODING_STYLE.md files.
 
 Additional information on submitting patches can be found online via
 the QEMU website
-- 
2.21.0