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[Pspp-cvs] pspp/src data/ChangeLog data/sys-file-private.c...


From: Ben Pfaff
Subject: [Pspp-cvs] pspp/src data/ChangeLog data/sys-file-private.c...
Date: Tue, 24 Jul 2007 05:33:44 +0000

CVSROOT:        /cvsroot/pspp
Module name:    pspp
Changes by:     Ben Pfaff <blp> 07/07/24 05:33:43

Modified files:
        src/data       : ChangeLog sys-file-private.c sys-file-private.h 
                         sys-file-reader.c sys-file-reader.h 
                         sys-file-writer.c 
        src/language/dictionary: sys-file-info.c 

Log message:
        Numerous improvements to system file reader and writer.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/data/ChangeLog?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.139&r2=1.140
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/data/sys-file-private.c?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/data/sys-file-private.h?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/data/sys-file-reader.c?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.43&r2=1.44
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/data/sys-file-reader.h?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/data/sys-file-writer.c?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/pspp/src/language/dictionary/sys-file-info.c?cvsroot=pspp&r1=1.27&r2=1.28

Patches:
Index: data/ChangeLog
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/data/ChangeLog,v
retrieving revision 1.139
retrieving revision 1.140
diff -u -b -r1.139 -r1.140
--- data/ChangeLog      23 Jul 2007 05:11:58 -0000      1.139
+++ data/ChangeLog      24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.140
@@ -1,3 +1,134 @@
+2007-07-23  Ben Pfaff  <address@hidden>
+
+       Improvements to system file reader and writer.
+       
+        First, move all detailed knowledge of very long strings into
+       sys-file-private.[ch], so that this nasty stuff can be isolated.
+
+       * sys-file-private.c (REAL_VLS_CHUNK): New macro.
+       (EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK): New macro.
+       (min_int): New function.
+       (max_int): New function.
+       (sfm_width_to_bytes): Rewrite.
+       (sfm_width_to_octs): New function.
+       (sfm_segment_alloc_width): New function.
+       (sfm_segment_alloc_bytes): New function.
+       (sfm_segment_used_bytes): New function.
+       (sfm_segment_offset): New function.
+       (sfm_segment_effective_offset): New function.
+       (sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars): New function.
+
+       * sys-file-private.h (MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING): Removed.
+       (EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH): Removed.
+       (struct sfm_var): New structure.
+
+        Next, improvements to the system file reader.
+
+       * sys-file-reader.h (struct sfm_read_info): Changed `case_cnt' to
+       type casenumber.  Added `version_major', `version_minor',
+       `version_revision'.
+
+       * sys-file-reader.c (struct sfm_reader): Replaced `flt64_cnt' by
+       `oct_cnt'.  Rename `vars', `var_cnt' to `sfm_vars', `sfm_var_cnt'.
+       Change `case_cnt' to type casenumber.  Removed `has_vls'.
+       (struct sfm_var): Removed.
+       (sfm_open_reader): Don't warn on wrong case size if the file was
+       written by SPSS 13, which tends to get it wrong.  Use
+       sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars.
+       (read_header): Always output system file info.
+       (read_variable_record): Simplify code for reading missing values.
+       (read_machine_int32_info): Save version numbers from system file
+       into info struct passed as new argument.
+       (read_long_string_map): Restructured to use new sys-file-private
+       functions.
+       (read_value_labels): Use size_overflow_p.
+       (sys_file_casereader_read): Get rid of distinction between fast
+       and slow paths.  Use information provided by sys-file-primate's
+       struct sfm_var to simplify code.
+       (skip_whole_strings): New function.
+       (read_int32): Renamed read_int.  Changed return value to int.
+       Updated all callers.
+       (read_flt64): Renamed read_float.  Changed return value to
+       double.  Updated all callers.
+       (int32_to_native): Removed.  Changed callers to use
+       integer_convert.
+       (flt64_to_double): Removed.  Changed callers to use float_convert.
+       
+        Finally, get rid of int32, flt64 terminology and types in system
+       file writer.  The former wasn't very useful since a POSIX "int"
+       can hold the whole range of int32 and we generally didn't have a
+       need for it to be exactly-32-bits, just at-least-32-bits.  The
+       latter was inconvenient because we had to assume that it could be
+       different from double and thereby convert special values SYSMIS,
+       HIGHEST, LOWEST to and from it in multiple places.  Instead, now
+       we just use "int" and "double" in most places, and do conversions,
+       if necessary, very close to where we do I/O.  This change meant
+       that the writer code couldn't represent records in the file as C
+       structs any longer, but that's no great loss.  The code actually
+       seems to be more readable without them.
+
+       Simplify the compression buffering code: only buffer as much as
+       necessary, which is no more than eight 8-byte units at any given
+       time.
+
+       * sys-file-writer.c (typedef flt64): Removed.
+       (macro second_lowest_flt64): Removed.
+       (struct sysfile_header): Removed.
+       (struct sysfile_variable): Removed.
+       (struct sfm_writer): Removed `needs_translation', `has_vls',
+       `flt64_cnt'.  Changed `compress' to type bool and `case_cnt' to
+       type casenumber.  Renamed `vars' to `sfm_vars', `var_cnt' to
+       `sfm_var_cnt'.  Replaced `buf', `end', `ptr', `x', `y' for
+       compression buffering by `opcodes', `opcode_cnt', `data',
+       `data_cnt'.  Renamed `var_cnt_vls' as `segment_cnt'.
+       (sfm_open_writer): Use sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars.  Use simple
+       data writer functions instead of structures.
+       (calc_oct_idx): New function.
+       (write_header): Use simple data writer functions instead of
+       structures.
+       (write_format_spec): Renamed write_format.  New argument.
+       (write_variable_continuation_records): New function.
+       (write_variable): Use simple data writer functions instead of
+       structures.  Use write_variable_continuation_records.  Write
+       entire very long string instead of requiring caller to understand
+       them.
+       (write_value_labels): Use simple data writer functions instead of
+       structures.
+       (write_documents): Ditto.
+       (write_variable_display_parameters): Use sys-file-private
+       functions to simplify.  Use simple data writer functions instead
+       of structures.
+       (write_vls_length_table): Use simple data writer functions instead
+       of structures.
+       (write_longvar_table): Ditto.
+       (write_rec_7_34): Break into new functions
+       write_integer_info_record, write_float_info_record.  Use simple
+       data writer functions instead of structures.
+       (buf_write): Removed.
+       (append_string_max): Removed.
+       (ensure_buf_space): Removed.
+       (sys_file_casewriter_write): Get rid of the distinction between
+       fast and slow paths, which didn't seem to be too useful.  Use new
+       functions write_case_uncompressed, write_case_compressed.
+       (put_instruction): Removed.
+       (put_element): Removed.
+       (write_compressed_data): Removed.
+       (close_writer): Use flush_compressed.  Only write case count to
+       system file if it will fit in the field.
+       (write_case_compressed): New function.
+       (write_case_uncompressed): New function.
+       (flush_compressed): New function.
+       (put_cmp_opcode): New function.
+       (put_cmp_number): New function.
+       (write_int): New function.
+       (convert_double_to_output_format): New function.
+       (write_float): New function.
+       (write_value): New function.
+       (write_string): New function.
+       (write_bytes): New function.
+       (write_zeros): New function.
+       (write_spaces): New function.
+
 2007-07-22  Ben Pfaff  <address@hidden>
 
        Don't try to write very long strings to portable files.  The

Index: data/sys-file-private.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/data/sys-file-private.c,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- data/sys-file-private.c     23 Jul 2007 05:05:45 -0000      1.4
+++ data/sys-file-private.c     24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.5
@@ -15,29 +15,81 @@
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
 
 #include <config.h>
-#include "sys-file-private.h"
 
+#include <data/sys-file-private.h>
+
+#include <data/dictionary.h>
 #include <data/value.h>
+#include <data/variable.h>
 #include <libpspp/assertion.h>
 
-/* Return the number of bytes used when writing case_data for a variable
-   of WIDTH */
-int
+#include "minmax.h"
+#include "xalloc.h"
+
+/* Number of bytes really stored in each segment of a very long
+   string variable. */
+#define REAL_VLS_CHUNK 255
+
+/* Number of bytes per segment by which the amount of space for
+   very long string variables is allocated. */
+#define EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK 252
+
+/* Returns true if WIDTH is a very long string width,
+   false otherwise. */
+static bool
+is_very_long (int width)
+{
+  return width >= 256;
+}
+
+/* Returns the smaller of A or B.
+   (Defined as a function to avoid evaluating A or B more than
+   once.) */
+static int
+min_int (int a, int b)
+{
+  return MIN (a, b);
+}
+
+/* Returns the larger of A or B.
+   (Defined as a function to avoid evaluating A or B more than
+   once.) */
+static int
+max_int (int a, int b)
+{
+  return MAX (a, b);
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of bytes of uncompressed case data used for
+   writing a variable of the given WIDTH to a system file.  All
+   required space is included, including trailing padding and
+   internal padding. */
+static int
 sfm_width_to_bytes (int width)
 {
+  int bytes;
+
   assert (width >= 0);
 
   if (width == 0)
-    return MAX_SHORT_STRING;
-  else if (width < MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING)
-    return ROUND_UP (width, MAX_SHORT_STRING);
+    bytes = 8;
+  else if (!is_very_long (width))
+    bytes = width;
   else
     {
-      int chunks = width / EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH ;
-      int remainder = width % EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH ;
-      int bytes = remainder + (chunks * MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING);
-      return ROUND_UP (bytes, MAX_SHORT_STRING);
+      int chunks = width / EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK;
+      int remainder = width % EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK;
+      bytes = remainder + (chunks * ROUND_UP (REAL_VLS_CHUNK, 8));
     }
+  return ROUND_UP (bytes, 8);
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of 8-byte units (octs) used to write data
+   for a variable of the given WIDTH. */
+int
+sfm_width_to_octs (int width)
+{
+  return sfm_width_to_bytes (width) / 8;
 }
 
 /* Returns the number of "segments" used for writing case data
@@ -50,6 +102,149 @@
 {
   assert (width >= 0);
 
-  return (width < MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING ? 1
-          : DIV_RND_UP (width, EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH));
+  return !is_very_long (width) ? 1 : DIV_RND_UP (width, EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK);
+}
+
+/* Returns the width to allocate to the given SEGMENT within a
+   variable of the given WIDTH.  A segment is a physical variable
+   in the system file that represents some piece of a logical
+   variable as seen by a PSPP user. */
+int
+sfm_segment_alloc_width (int width, int segment)
+{
+  assert (segment < sfm_width_to_segments (width));
+
+  return (!is_very_long (width) ? width
+          : segment < sfm_width_to_segments (width) - 1 ? 255
+          : width - segment * EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK);
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of bytes to allocate to the given SEGMENT
+   within a variable of the given width.  This is the same as
+   sfm_segment_alloc_width, except that a numeric value takes up
+   8 bytes despite having a width of 0. */
+static int
+sfm_segment_alloc_bytes (int width, int segment)
+{
+  assert (segment < sfm_width_to_segments (width));
+  return (width == 0 ? 8
+          : ROUND_UP (sfm_segment_alloc_width (width, segment), 8));
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of bytes in the given SEGMENT within a
+   variable of the given WIDTH that are actually used to store
+   data.  For a numeric value (WIDTH of 0), this is 8 bytes; for
+   a string value less than 256 bytes wide, it is WIDTH bytes.
+   For very long string values, the calculation is more
+   complicated and ranges between 255 bytes for the first segment
+   to as little as 0 bytes for final segments. */
+static int
+sfm_segment_used_bytes (int width, int segment)
+{
+  assert (segment < sfm_width_to_segments (width));
+  return (width == 0 ? 8
+          : !is_very_long (width) ? width
+          : max_int (0, min_int (width - REAL_VLS_CHUNK * segment,
+                                 REAL_VLS_CHUNK)));
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of bytes at the end of the given SEGMENT
+   within a variable of the given WIDTH that are not used for
+   data; that is, the number of bytes that must be padded with
+   data that a reader ignores. */
+static int
+sfm_segment_padding (int width, int segment)
+{
+  return (sfm_segment_alloc_bytes (width, segment)
+          - sfm_segment_used_bytes (width, segment));
+}
+
+/* Returns the byte offset of the start of the given SEGMENT
+   within a variable of the given WIDTH.  The first segment
+   starts at offset 0; only very long string variables have any
+   other segments. */
+static int
+sfm_segment_offset (int width, int segment)
+{
+  assert (segment < sfm_width_to_segments (width));
+  return min_int (REAL_VLS_CHUNK * segment, width);
+}
+
+/* Returns the byte offset of the start of the given SEGMENT
+   within a variable of the given WIDTH, given the (incorrect)
+   assumption that there are EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK bytes per
+   segment.  (Use of this function is questionable at best.) */
+int
+sfm_segment_effective_offset (int width, int segment)
+{
+  assert (segment < sfm_width_to_segments (width));
+  return EFFECTIVE_VLS_CHUNK * segment;
+}
+
+/* Creates and initializes an array of struct sfm_vars that
+   describe how a case drawn from dictionary DICT is laid out in
+   a system file.  Returns the number of segments in a case.  A
+   segment is a physical variable in the system file that
+   represents some piece of a logical variable as seen by a PSPP
+   user.
+
+   The array is allocated with malloc and stored in *SFM_VARS,
+   and its number of elements is stored in *SFM_VAR_CNT.  The
+   caller is responsible for freeing it when it is no longer
+   needed. */
+int
+sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars (const struct dictionary *dict,
+                            struct sfm_var **sfm_vars, size_t *sfm_var_cnt)
+{
+  size_t var_cnt = dict_get_var_cnt (dict);
+  size_t segment_cnt;
+  size_t i;
+
+  /* Estimate the number of sfm_vars that will be needed.
+     We might not need all of these, because very long string
+     variables can have segments that are all padding, which do
+     not need sfm_vars of their own. */
+  segment_cnt = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < var_cnt; i++)
+    {
+      const struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
+      segment_cnt += sfm_width_to_segments (var_get_width (v));
+    }
+
+  /* Compose the sfm_vars. */
+  *sfm_vars = xnmalloc (segment_cnt, sizeof **sfm_vars);
+  *sfm_var_cnt = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < var_cnt; i++)
+    {
+      const struct variable *dv = dict_get_var (dict, i);
+      int width = var_get_width (dv);
+      int j;
+
+      for (j = 0; j < sfm_width_to_segments (width); j++)
+        {
+          int used_bytes = sfm_segment_used_bytes (width, j);
+          int padding = sfm_segment_padding (width, j);
+          struct sfm_var *sv;
+          if (used_bytes != 0)
+            {
+              sv = &(*sfm_vars)[(*sfm_var_cnt)++];
+              sv->width = width == 0 ? 0 : used_bytes;
+              sv->case_index = var_get_case_index (dv);
+              sv->offset = sfm_segment_offset (width, j);
+              sv->padding = padding;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              /* Segment is all padding.  Just add it to the
+                 previous segment.  (Otherwise we'd have an
+                 ambiguity whether ->width of 0 indicates a
+                 numeric variable or an all-padding segment.) */
+              sv = &(*sfm_vars)[*sfm_var_cnt - 1];
+              sv->padding += padding;
+            }
+          assert ((sv->width + sv->padding) % 8 == 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+  return segment_cnt;
 }

Index: data/sys-file-private.h
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/data/sys-file-private.h,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- data/sys-file-private.h     23 Jul 2007 05:05:45 -0000      1.4
+++ data/sys-file-private.h     24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.5
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* PSPP - a program for statistical analysis.
-   Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -14,15 +14,49 @@
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
 
+/* Infrastructure common to system file reader and writer.
+
+   Old versions of SPSS limited string variables to a width of
+   255 bytes.  For backward compatibility with these older
+   versions, the system file format represents a string longer
+   than 255 bytes, called a "very long string", as a collection
+   of strings no longer than 255 bytes each.  The strings
+   concatenated to make a very long string are called its
+   "segments"; for consistency, variables other than very long
+   strings are considered to have a single segment.
+
+   The interfaces in this file primarily provide support for
+   dealing with very long strings.  */
+
 #ifndef DATA_SYS_FILE_PRIVATE_H
 #define DATA_SYS_FILE_PRIVATE_H 1
 
-/* This nonsense is required for SPSS compatibility. */
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+struct dictionary;
 
-#define MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING 256
-#define EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH (MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING - 4)
+/* A variable in a system file. */
+struct sfm_var
+  {
+    int width;                  /* Value width (0=numeric, else string). */
+    int case_index;             /* Index into case. */
 
-int sfm_width_to_bytes (int width);
+    /* The following members are interesting only for string
+       variables (width != 0).  For numeric variables (width ==
+       0) their values are always 0.
+
+       Note: width + padding is always a multiple of 8. */
+    int offset;                 /* Offset within string variable in case. */
+    int padding;                /* Number of padding bytes following data. */
+  };
+
+int sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars (const struct dictionary *,
+                                struct sfm_var **, size_t *);
+
+int sfm_width_to_octs (int width);
 int sfm_width_to_segments (int width);
 
+int sfm_segment_effective_offset (int width, int segment);
+int sfm_segment_alloc_width (int width, int segment);
+
 #endif /* data/sys-file-private.h */

Index: data/sys-file-reader.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/data/sys-file-reader.c,v
retrieving revision 1.43
retrieving revision 1.44
diff -u -b -r1.43 -r1.44
--- data/sys-file-reader.c      23 Jul 2007 05:07:23 -0000      1.43
+++ data/sys-file-reader.c      24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.44
@@ -74,12 +74,11 @@
     /* File format. */
     enum integer_format integer_format; /* On-disk integer format. */
     enum float_format float_format; /* On-disk floating point format. */
-    int flt64_cnt;             /* Number of 8-byte units per case. */
-    struct sfm_var *vars;       /* Variables. */
-    size_t var_cnt;             /* Number of variables. */
-    int32_t case_cnt;           /* Number of cases */
+    int oct_cnt;               /* Number of 8-byte units per case. */
+    struct sfm_var *sfm_vars;   /* Variables. */
+    size_t sfm_var_cnt;         /* Number of variables. */
+    casenumber case_cnt;        /* Number of cases */
     bool has_long_var_names;    /* File has a long variable name map */
-    bool has_vls;               /* File has one or more very long strings? */
 
     /* Decompression. */
     bool compressed;           /* File is compressed? */
@@ -88,13 +87,6 @@
     size_t opcode_idx;          /* Next opcode to interpret, 8 if none left. */
   };
 
-/* A variable in a system file. */
-struct sfm_var
-  {
-    int width;                  /* 0=numeric, otherwise string width. */
-    int case_index;             /* Index into case. */
-  };
-
 static struct casereader_class sys_file_casereader_class;
 
 static bool close_reader (struct sfm_reader *);
@@ -114,14 +106,11 @@
 
 static void read_bytes (struct sfm_reader *, void *, size_t);
 static bool try_read_bytes (struct sfm_reader *, void *, size_t);
-static int32_t read_int32 (struct sfm_reader *);
-static double read_flt64 (struct sfm_reader *);
+static int read_int (struct sfm_reader *);
+static double read_float (struct sfm_reader *);
 static void read_string (struct sfm_reader *, char *, size_t);
 static void skip_bytes (struct sfm_reader *, size_t);
 
-static int32_t int32_to_native (const struct sfm_reader *, const uint8_t[4]);
-static double flt64_to_double (const struct sfm_reader *, const uint8_t[8]);
-
 static struct variable_to_value_map *open_variable_to_value_map (
   struct sfm_reader *, size_t size);
 static void close_variable_to_value_map (struct sfm_reader *r,
@@ -143,11 +132,11 @@
   };
 
 static void read_header (struct sfm_reader *, struct dictionary *,
-                         int *weight_idx, int *claimed_flt64_cnt,
+                         int *weight_idx, int *claimed_oct_cnt,
                          struct sfm_read_info *);
 static void read_variable_record (struct sfm_reader *, struct dictionary *,
                                   int *format_warning_cnt);
-static void parse_format_spec (struct sfm_reader *, uint32_t,
+static void parse_format_spec (struct sfm_reader *, unsigned int,
                                enum which_format, struct variable *,
                                int *format_warning_cnt);
 static void setup_weight (struct sfm_reader *, int weight_idx,
@@ -157,10 +146,12 @@
 static void read_value_labels (struct sfm_reader *, struct dictionary *,
                                struct variable **var_by_value_idx);
 
-static void read_extension_record (struct sfm_reader *, struct dictionary *);
-static void read_machine_int32_info (struct sfm_reader *,
-                                     size_t size, size_t count);
-static void read_machine_flt64_info (struct sfm_reader *,
+static void read_extension_record (struct sfm_reader *, struct dictionary *,
+                                   struct sfm_read_info *);
+static void read_machine_integer_info (struct sfm_reader *,
+                                       size_t size, size_t count,
+                                       struct sfm_read_info *);
+static void read_machine_float_info (struct sfm_reader *,
                                      size_t size, size_t count);
 static void read_display_parameters (struct sfm_reader *,
                                      size_t size, size_t count,
@@ -179,15 +170,15 @@
    system file. */
 struct casereader *
 sfm_open_reader (struct file_handle *fh, struct dictionary **dict,
-                 struct sfm_read_info *info)
+                 struct sfm_read_info *volatile info)
 {
   struct sfm_reader *volatile r = NULL;
   struct variable **var_by_value_idx;
+  struct sfm_read_info local_info;
   int format_warning_cnt = 0;
   int weight_idx;
-  int claimed_flt64_cnt;
+  int claimed_oct_cnt;
   int rec_type;
-  size_t i;
 
   if (!fh_open (fh, FH_REF_FILE, "system file", "rs"))
     return NULL;
@@ -199,11 +190,15 @@
   r->fh = fh;
   r->file = fn_open (fh_get_file_name (fh), "rb");
   r->error = false;
-  r->flt64_cnt = 0;
-  r->has_vls = false;
+  r->oct_cnt = 0;
   r->has_long_var_names = false;
   r->opcode_idx = sizeof r->opcodes;
 
+  /* Initialize info. */
+  if (info == NULL)
+    info = &local_info;
+  memset (info, 0, sizeof *info);
+
   if (setjmp (r->bail_out))
     {
       close_reader (r);
@@ -220,14 +215,14 @@
     }
 
   /* Read header. */
-  read_header (r, *dict, &weight_idx, &claimed_flt64_cnt, info);
+  read_header (r, *dict, &weight_idx, &claimed_oct_cnt, info);
 
   /* Read all the variable definition records. */
-  rec_type = read_int32 (r);
+  rec_type = read_int (r);
   while (rec_type == 2)
     {
       read_variable_record (r, *dict, &format_warning_cnt);
-      rec_type = read_int32 (r);
+      rec_type = read_int (r);
     }
 
   /* Figure out the case format. */
@@ -251,13 +246,13 @@
           break;
 
         case 7:
-          read_extension_record (r, *dict);
+          read_extension_record (r, *dict, info);
           break;
 
         default:
           sys_error (r, _("Unrecognized record type %d."), rec_type);
         }
-      rec_type = read_int32 (r);
+      rec_type = read_int (r);
     }
 
 
@@ -286,26 +281,24 @@
     }
 
   /* Read record 999 data, which is just filler. */
-  read_int32 (r);
+  read_int (r);
 
-  if (claimed_flt64_cnt != -1 && claimed_flt64_cnt != r->flt64_cnt)
+  /* Warn if the actual amount of data per case differs from the
+     amount that the header claims.  SPSS version 13 gets this
+     wrong when very long strings are involved, so don't warn in
+     that case. */
+  if (claimed_oct_cnt != -1 && claimed_oct_cnt != r->oct_cnt
+      && info->version_major != 13)
     sys_warn (r, _("File header claims %d variable positions but "
                    "%d were read from file."),
-              claimed_flt64_cnt, r->flt64_cnt);
+              claimed_oct_cnt, r->oct_cnt);
 
   /* Create an index of dictionary variable widths for
      sfm_read_case to use.  We cannot use the `struct variable's
      from the dictionary we created, because the caller owns the
      dictionary and may destroy or modify its variables. */
-  r->var_cnt = dict_get_var_cnt (*dict);
-  r->vars = pool_nalloc (r->pool, r->var_cnt, sizeof *r->vars);
-  for (i = 0; i < r->var_cnt; i++)
-    {
-      struct variable *v = dict_get_var (*dict, i);
-      struct sfm_var *sv = &r->vars[i];
-      sv->width = var_get_width (v);
-      sv->case_index = var_get_case_index (v);
-    }
+  sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars (*dict, &r->sfm_vars, &r->sfm_var_cnt);
+  pool_register (r->pool, free, r->sfm_vars);
 
   pool_free (r->pool, var_by_value_idx);
   r->value_cnt = dict_get_next_value_idx (*dict);
@@ -372,13 +365,13 @@
    Sets DICT's file label to the system file's label.
    Sets *WEIGHT_IDX to 0 if the system file is unweighted,
    or to the value index of the weight variable otherwise.
-   Sets *CLAIMED_FLT64_CNT to the number of values that the file
-   claims to have (although it is not always correct).
-   If INFO is non-null, initializes *INFO with header
-   information. */
+   Sets *CLAIMED_OCT_CNT to the number of "octs" (8-byte units)
+   per case that the file claims to have (although it is not
+   always correct).
+   Initializes INFO with header information. */
 static void
 read_header (struct sfm_reader *r, struct dictionary *dict,
-             int *weight_idx, int *claimed_flt64_cnt,
+             int *weight_idx, int *claimed_oct_cnt,
              struct sfm_read_info *info)
 {
   char rec_type[5];
@@ -389,6 +382,7 @@
   char creation_time[9];
   char file_label[65];
   struct substring file_label_ss;
+  struct substring product;
 
   read_string (r, rec_type, sizeof rec_type);
   read_string (r, eye_catcher, sizeof eye_catcher);
@@ -406,15 +400,15 @@
           && r->integer_format != INTEGER_LSB_FIRST))
     sys_error (r, _("This is not an SPSS system file."));
 
-  *claimed_flt64_cnt = read_int32 (r);
-  if (*claimed_flt64_cnt < 0 || *claimed_flt64_cnt > INT_MAX / 16)
-    *claimed_flt64_cnt = -1;
+  *claimed_oct_cnt = read_int (r);
+  if (*claimed_oct_cnt < 0 || *claimed_oct_cnt > INT_MAX / 16)
+    *claimed_oct_cnt = -1;
 
-  r->compressed = read_int32 (r) != 0;
+  r->compressed = read_int (r) != 0;
 
-  *weight_idx = read_int32 (r);
+  *weight_idx = read_int (r);
 
-  r->case_cnt = read_int32 (r);
+  r->case_cnt = read_int (r);
   if ( r->case_cnt > INT_MAX / 2)
     r->case_cnt = -1;
 
@@ -447,10 +441,6 @@
       dict_set_label (dict, ss_data (file_label_ss));
     }
 
-  if (info)
-    {
-      struct substring product;
-
       strcpy (info->creation_date, creation_date);
       strcpy (info->creation_time, creation_time);
       info->integer_format = r->integer_format;
@@ -463,7 +453,6 @@
       ss_trim (&product, ss_cstr (" "));
       str_copy_buf_trunc (info->product, sizeof info->product,
                           ss_data (product), ss_length (product));
-    }
 }
 
 /* Reads a variable (type 2) record from R and adds the
@@ -484,11 +473,11 @@
   struct variable *var;
   int nv;
 
-  width = read_int32 (r);
-  has_variable_label = read_int32 (r);
-  missing_value_code = read_int32 (r);
-  print_format = read_int32 (r);
-  write_format = read_int32 (r);
+  width = read_int (r);
+  has_variable_label = read_int (r);
+  missing_value_code = read_int (r);
+  print_format = read_int (r);
+  write_format = read_int (r);
   read_string (r, name, sizeof name);
   name[strcspn (name, " ")] = '\0';
 
@@ -519,7 +508,7 @@
       size_t len;
       char label[255 + 1];
 
-      len = read_int32 (r);
+      len = read_int (r);
       if (len >= sizeof label)
         sys_error (r, _("Variable %s has label of invalid length %u."),
                    name, (unsigned int) len);
@@ -530,36 +519,33 @@
     }
 
   /* Set missing values. */
-  if (missing_value_code < -3 || missing_value_code > 3
-      || missing_value_code == -1)
-    sys_error (r, _("Missing value indicator field is not "
-                    "-3, -2, 0, 1, 2, or 3."));
   if (missing_value_code != 0)
     {
       struct missing_values mv;
+      int i;
+
       mv_init (&mv, var_get_width (var));
       if (var_is_numeric (var))
         {
-          if (missing_value_code > 0)
-            {
-              int i;
-              for (i = 0; i < missing_value_code; i++)
-                mv_add_num (&mv, read_flt64 (r));
-            }
-          else
+          if (missing_value_code < -3 || missing_value_code > 3
+              || missing_value_code == -1)
+            sys_error (r, _("Numeric missing value indicator field is not "
+                            "-3, -2, 0, 1, 2, or 3."));
+          if (missing_value_code < 0)
             {
-              double low = read_flt64 (r);
-              double high = read_flt64 (r);
+              double low = read_float (r);
+              double high = read_float (r);
               mv_add_num_range (&mv, low, high);
-              if (missing_value_code == -3)
-                mv_add_num (&mv, read_flt64 (r));
+              missing_value_code = -missing_value_code - 2;
             }
+          for (i = 0; i < missing_value_code; i++)
+            mv_add_num (&mv, read_float (r));
         }
       else if (var_get_width (var) <= MAX_SHORT_STRING)
         {
-          if (missing_value_code > 0)
-            {
-              int i;
+          if (missing_value_code < 1 || missing_value_code > 3)
+            sys_error (r, _("String missing value indicator field is not "
+                            "0, 1, 2, or 3."));
               for (i = 0; i < missing_value_code; i++)
                 {
                   char string[9];
@@ -568,14 +554,8 @@
                 }
             }
           else
-            sys_error (r, _("String variable %s may not have missing "
-                            "values specified as a range."),
-                       name);
-        }
-      else /* var->width > MAX_SHORT_STRING */
         sys_error (r, _("Long string variable %s may not have missing "
-                        "values."),
-                   name);
+                        "values."), name);
       var_set_missing_values (var, &mv);
     }
 
@@ -586,7 +566,7 @@
   /* Account for values.
      Skip long string continuation records, if any. */
   nv = width == 0 ? 1 : DIV_RND_UP (width, 8);
-  r->flt64_cnt += nv;
+  r->oct_cnt += nv;
   if (width > 8)
     {
       int i;
@@ -594,21 +574,21 @@
       for (i = 1; i < nv; i++)
         {
           /* Check for record type 2 and width -1. */
-          if (read_int32 (r) != 2 || read_int32 (r) != -1)
+          if (read_int (r) != 2 || read_int (r) != -1)
             sys_error (r, _("Missing string continuation record."));
 
           /* Skip and ignore remaining continuation data. */
-          has_variable_label = read_int32 (r);
-          missing_value_code = read_int32 (r);
-          print_format = read_int32 (r);
-          write_format = read_int32 (r);
+          has_variable_label = read_int (r);
+          missing_value_code = read_int (r);
+          print_format = read_int (r);
+          write_format = read_int (r);
           read_string (r, name, sizeof name);
 
           /* Variable label fields on continuation records have
              been spotted in system files created by "SPSS Power
              Macintosh Release 6.1". */
           if (has_variable_label)
-            skip_bytes (r, ROUND_UP (read_int32 (r), 4));
+            skip_bytes (r, ROUND_UP (read_int (r), 4));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -616,7 +596,7 @@
 /* Translates the format spec from sysfile format to internal
    format. */
 static void
-parse_format_spec (struct sfm_reader *r, uint32_t s,
+parse_format_spec (struct sfm_reader *r, unsigned int s,
                    enum which_format which, struct variable *v,
                    int *format_warning_cnt)
 {
@@ -688,7 +668,7 @@
   if (dict_get_documents (dict) != NULL)
     sys_error (r, _("Multiple type 6 (document) records."));
 
-  line_cnt = read_int32 (r);
+  line_cnt = read_int (r);
   if (line_cnt <= 0)
     sys_error (r, _("Number of document lines (%d) "
                     "must be greater than 0."), line_cnt);
@@ -704,11 +684,12 @@
 
 /* Read a type 7 extension record. */
 static void
-read_extension_record (struct sfm_reader *r, struct dictionary *dict)
+read_extension_record (struct sfm_reader *r, struct dictionary *dict,
+                       struct sfm_read_info *info)
 {
-  int subtype = read_int32 (r);
-  size_t size = read_int32 (r);
-  size_t count = read_int32 (r);
+  int subtype = read_int (r);
+  size_t size = read_int (r);
+  size_t count = read_int (r);
   size_t bytes = size * count;
 
   /* Check that SIZE * COUNT + 1 doesn't overflow.  Adding 1
@@ -720,11 +701,11 @@
   switch (subtype)
     {
     case 3:
-      read_machine_int32_info (r, size, count);
+      read_machine_integer_info (r, size, count, info);
       return;
 
     case 4:
-      read_machine_flt64_info (r, size, count);
+      read_machine_float_info (r, size, count);
       return;
 
     case 5:
@@ -773,16 +754,17 @@
 
 /* Read record type 7, subtype 3. */
 static void
-read_machine_int32_info (struct sfm_reader *r, size_t size, size_t count)
+read_machine_integer_info (struct sfm_reader *r, size_t size, size_t count,
+                           struct sfm_read_info *info)
 {
-  int version_major UNUSED = read_int32 (r);
-  int version_minor UNUSED = read_int32 (r);
-  int version_revision UNUSED = read_int32 (r);
-  int machine_code UNUSED = read_int32 (r);
-  int float_representation = read_int32 (r);
-  int compression_code UNUSED = read_int32 (r);
-  int integer_representation = read_int32 (r);
-  int character_code UNUSED = read_int32 (r);
+  int version_major = read_int (r);
+  int version_minor = read_int (r);
+  int version_revision = read_int (r);
+  int machine_code UNUSED = read_int (r);
+  int float_representation = read_int (r);
+  int compression_code UNUSED = read_int (r);
+  int integer_representation = read_int (r);
+  int character_code UNUSED = read_int (r);
 
   int expected_float_format;
   int expected_integer_format;
@@ -792,6 +774,11 @@
                     "subtype 3."),
                (unsigned int) size, (unsigned int) count);
 
+  /* Save version info. */
+  info->version_major = version_major;
+  info->version_minor = version_minor;
+  info->version_revision = version_revision;
+
   /* Check floating point format. */
   if (r->float_format == FLOAT_IEEE_DOUBLE_BE
       || r->float_format == FLOAT_IEEE_DOUBLE_LE)
@@ -826,11 +813,11 @@
 
 /* Read record type 7, subtype 4. */
 static void
-read_machine_flt64_info (struct sfm_reader *r, size_t size, size_t count)
+read_machine_float_info (struct sfm_reader *r, size_t size, size_t count)
 {
-  double sysmis = read_flt64 (r);
-  double highest = read_flt64 (r);
-  double lowest = read_flt64 (r);
+  double sysmis = read_float (r);
+  double highest = read_float (r);
+  double lowest = read_float (r);
 
   if (size != 8 || count != 3)
     sys_error (r, _("Bad size (%u) or count (%u) on extension 4."),
@@ -860,14 +847,15 @@
 
   for (i = 0; i < n_vars; ++i)
     {
-      int measure = read_int32 (r);
-      int width = read_int32 (r);
-      int align = read_int32 (r);
       struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
-
-      /* spss v14 sometimes seems to set string variables' measure to zero */
-      if ( 0 == measure && var_is_alpha (v) ) measure = 1;
-
+      int measure = read_int (r);
+      int width = read_int (r);
+      int align = read_int (r);
+
+      /* SPSS 14 sometimes seems to set string variables' measure
+         to zero. */
+      if (0 == measure && var_is_alpha (v))
+        measure = 1;
 
       if (measure < 1 || measure > 3 || align < 0 || align > 2)
         {
@@ -962,40 +950,54 @@
   char *length_s;
   int warning_cnt = 0;
 
-  r->has_vls = true;
-
   map = open_variable_to_value_map (r, size * count);
   while (read_variable_to_value_map (r, dict, map, &var, &length_s,
                                      &warning_cnt))
     {
-      long length, remaining_length;
-      size_t idx;
+      size_t idx = var_get_dict_index (var);
+      long int length;
+      int segment_cnt;
+      int i;
 
       /* Get length. */
       length = strtol (length_s, NULL, 10);
-      if (length < MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING || length == LONG_MAX)
+      if (length < 1 || length > MAX_STRING)
         {
-          sys_warn (r, _("%s listed as string of length %s "
-                         "in length table."),
+          sys_warn (r, _("%s listed as string of invalid length %s "
+                         "in very length string record."),
                     var_get_name (var), length_s);
           continue;
         }
 
-      /* Group multiple variables into single variable
-         and delete all but the first. */
-      remaining_length = length;
-      for (idx = var_get_dict_index (var); remaining_length > 0; idx++)
-        if (idx < dict_get_var_cnt (dict))
-          remaining_length -= MIN (var_get_width (dict_get_var (dict, idx)),
-                                   EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH);
-        else
+      /* Check segments. */
+      segment_cnt = sfm_width_to_segments (length);
+      if (segment_cnt == 1)
+        {
+          sys_warn (r, _("%s listed in very long string record with width %s, "
+                         "which requires only one segment."),
+                    var_get_name (var), length_s);
+          continue;
+        }
+      if (idx + segment_cnt > dict_get_var_cnt (dict))
           sys_error (r, _("Very long string %s overflows dictionary."),
                      var_get_name (var));
-      dict_delete_consecutive_vars (dict,
-                                    var_get_dict_index (var) + 1,
-                                    idx - var_get_dict_index (var) - 1);
 
-      /* Assign all the length to the first variable. */
+      /* Get the short names from the segments and check their
+         lengths. */
+      for (i = 0; i < segment_cnt; i++)
+        {
+          struct variable *seg = dict_get_var (dict, idx + i);
+          int alloc_width = sfm_segment_alloc_width (length, i);
+          int width = var_get_width (seg);
+
+          if (i > 0)
+            var_set_short_name (var, i, var_get_short_name (seg, 0));
+          if (ROUND_UP (width, 8) != ROUND_UP (alloc_width, 8))
+            sys_error (r, _("Very long string with width %ld has segment %d "
+                            "of width %d (expected %d)"),
+                       length, i, width, alloc_width);
+        }
+      dict_delete_consecutive_vars (dict, idx + 1, segment_cnt - 1);
       var_set_width (var, length);
     }
   close_variable_to_value_map (r, map);
@@ -1032,9 +1034,9 @@
      of numeric or string type. */
 
   /* Read number of labels. */
-  label_cnt = read_int32 (r);
+  label_cnt = read_int (r);
 
-  if (label_cnt >= INT32_MAX / sizeof *labels)
+  if (size_overflow_p (xtimes (label_cnt, sizeof *labels)))
     {
       sys_warn (r, _("Invalid number of labels: %d.  Ignoring labels."),
                 label_cnt);
@@ -1066,13 +1068,13 @@
      to which the value labels are to be applied. */
 
   /* Read record type of type 4 record. */
-  if (read_int32 (r) != 4)
+  if (read_int (r) != 4)
     sys_error (r, _("Variable index record (type 4) does not immediately "
                     "follow value label record (type 3) as it should."));
 
   /* Read number of variables associated with value label from type 4
      record. */
-  var_cnt = read_int32 (r);
+  var_cnt = read_int (r);
   if (var_cnt < 1 || var_cnt > dict_get_var_cnt (dict))
     sys_error (r, _("Number of variables associated with a value label (%d) "
                     "is not between 1 and the number of variables (%u)."),
@@ -1082,7 +1084,7 @@
   var = pool_nalloc (subpool, var_cnt, sizeof *var);
   for (i = 0; i < var_cnt; i++)
     {
-      var[i] = lookup_var_by_value_idx (r, var_by_value_idx, read_int32 (r));
+      var[i] = lookup_var_by_value_idx (r, var_by_value_idx, read_int (r));
       if (var_is_long_string (var[i]))
         sys_error (r, _("Value labels are not allowed on long string "
                         "variables (%s)."), var_get_name (var[i]));
@@ -1108,7 +1110,7 @@
         buf_copy_rpad (label->value.s, sizeof label->value.s,
                        label->raw_value, sizeof label->raw_value);
       else
-        label->value.f = flt64_to_double (r, (uint8_t *) label->raw_value);
+        label->value.f = float_get_double (r->float_format, label->raw_value);
     }
 
   /* Assign the `value_label's to each variable. */
@@ -1144,13 +1146,13 @@
 
 static void read_error (struct casereader *, const struct sfm_reader *);
 
-
 static bool read_case_number (struct sfm_reader *, double *);
 static bool read_case_string (struct sfm_reader *, char *, size_t);
 static int read_opcode (struct sfm_reader *);
 static bool read_compressed_number (struct sfm_reader *, double *);
 static bool read_compressed_string (struct sfm_reader *, char *);
 static bool read_whole_strings (struct sfm_reader *, char *, size_t);
+static bool skip_whole_strings (struct sfm_reader *, size_t);
 
 /* Reads one case from READER's file into C.  Returns true only
    if successful. */
@@ -1159,6 +1161,8 @@
                           struct ccase *c)
 {
   struct sfm_reader *r = r_;
+  int i;
+
   if (r->error)
     return false;
 
@@ -1170,40 +1174,9 @@
       return false;
     }
 
-  if (!r->compressed && sizeof (double) == 8 && !r->has_vls)
-    {
-      /* Fast path.  Read the whole case directly. */
-      if (!try_read_bytes (r, case_data_all_rw (c),
-                           sizeof (union value) * r->flt64_cnt))
+  for (i = 0; i < r->sfm_var_cnt; i++)
         {
-          case_destroy (c);
-         if ( r->case_cnt != -1 )
-           read_error (reader, r);
-          return false;
-        }
-
-      /* Convert floating point numbers to native format if needed. */
-      if (r->float_format != FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE)
-        {
-          int i;
-
-          for (i = 0; i < r->var_cnt; i++)
-            if (r->vars[i].width == 0)
-              {
-                double *d = &case_data_rw_idx (c, r->vars[i].case_index)->f;
-                float_convert (r->float_format, d, FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE, d);
-              }
-        }
-      return true;
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      /* Slow path.  Convert from external to internal format. */
-      int i;
-
-      for (i = 0; i < r->var_cnt; i++)
-        {
-         struct sfm_var *sv = &r->vars[i];
+      struct sfm_var *sv = &r->sfm_vars[i];
           union value *v = case_data_rw_idx (c, sv->case_index);
 
           if (sv->width == 0)
@@ -1213,51 +1186,21 @@
             }
           else
             {
-              /* Read the string data in segments up to 255 bytes
-                 at a time, packed into 8-byte units. */
-              const int max_chunk = MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING - 1;
-             int ofs, chunk_size;
-              for (ofs = 0; ofs < sv->width; ofs += chunk_size)
-                {
-                  chunk_size = MIN (max_chunk, sv->width - ofs);
-                  if (!read_case_string (r, v->s + ofs, chunk_size))
-                    {
-                      if (ofs)
-                        partial_record (r);
+          if (!read_case_string (r, v->s + sv->offset, sv->width))
                       goto eof;
-                    }
-                }
-
-              /* Very long strings have trailing wasted space
-                 that we must skip. */
-              if (sv->width >= MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING)
-                {
-                  int bytes_read = (sv->width / max_chunk * 256
-                                    + ROUND_UP (sv->width % max_chunk, 8));
-                  int total_bytes = sfm_width_to_bytes (sv->width);
-                  int excess_bytes = total_bytes - bytes_read;
-
-                  while (excess_bytes > 0)
-                    {
-                      char buffer[1024];
-                      size_t chunk = MIN (sizeof buffer, excess_bytes);
-                      if (!read_whole_strings (r, buffer, chunk))
+          if (!skip_whole_strings (r, ROUND_DOWN (sv->padding, 8)))
                         partial_record (r);
-                      excess_bytes -= chunk;
-                    }
-                }
             }
         }
       return true;
 
-    eof:
+eof:
       case_destroy (c);
       if (i != 0)
         partial_record (r);
-      if ( r->case_cnt != -1 )
+  if (r->case_cnt != -1)
        read_error (reader, r);
       return false;
-    }
 }
 
 /* Issues an error that R ends in a partial record. */
@@ -1267,10 +1210,12 @@
   sys_error (r, _("File ends in partial case."));
 }
 
+/* Issues an error that an unspecified error occurred SFM, and
+   marks R tainted. */
 static void
 read_error (struct casereader *r, const struct sfm_reader *sfm)
 {
-  msg (ME, _("Error reading case from file %s"), fh_get_name (sfm->fh));
+  msg (ME, _("Error reading case from file %s."), fh_get_name (sfm->fh));
   casereader_force_error (r);
 }
 
@@ -1284,10 +1229,10 @@
 {
   if (!r->compressed)
     {
-      uint8_t flt64[8];
-      if (!try_read_bytes (r, flt64, sizeof flt64))
+      uint8_t number[8];
+      if (!try_read_bytes (r, number, sizeof number))
         return false;
-      *d = flt64_to_double (r, flt64);
+      float_convert (r->float_format, number, FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE, d);
       return true;
     }
   else
@@ -1363,7 +1308,7 @@
       return false;
 
     case 253:
-      *d = read_flt64 (r);
+      *d = read_float (r);
       break;
 
     case 254:
@@ -1434,6 +1379,20 @@
     }
 }
 
+/* Skips LENGTH string bytes from R.
+   LENGTH must be a multiple of 8.
+   (LENGTH is also limited to 1024, but that's only because the
+   current caller never needs more than that many bytes.)
+   Returns true if successful, false if end of file is
+   reached immediately. */
+static bool
+skip_whole_strings (struct sfm_reader *r, size_t length)
+{
+  char buffer[1024];
+  assert (length < sizeof buffer);
+  return read_whole_strings (r, buffer, length);
+}
+
 /* Creates and returns a table that can be used for translating a value
    index into a case to a "struct variable *" for DICT.  Multiple
    system file fields reference variables this way.
@@ -1450,7 +1409,7 @@
   int i;
 
   var_by_value_idx = pool_nmalloc (r->pool,
-                                   r->flt64_cnt, sizeof *var_by_value_idx);
+                                   r->oct_cnt, sizeof *var_by_value_idx);
   for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (dict); i++)
     {
       struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
@@ -1461,7 +1420,7 @@
       for (j = 1; j < nv; j++)
         var_by_value_idx[value_idx++] = NULL;
     }
-  assert (value_idx == r->flt64_cnt);
+  assert (value_idx == r->oct_cnt);
 
   return var_by_value_idx;
 }
@@ -1475,9 +1434,9 @@
 {
   struct variable *var;
 
-  if (value_idx < 1 || value_idx > r->flt64_cnt)
+  if (value_idx < 1 || value_idx > r->oct_cnt)
     sys_error (r, _("Variable index %d not in valid range 1...%d."),
-               value_idx, r->flt64_cnt);
+               value_idx, r->oct_cnt);
 
   var = var_by_value_idx[value_idx - 1];
   if (var == NULL)
@@ -1683,22 +1642,22 @@
 
 /* Reads a 32-bit signed integer from R and returns its value in
    host format. */
-static int32_t
-read_int32 (struct sfm_reader *r)
+static int
+read_int (struct sfm_reader *r)
 {
-  uint8_t int32[4];
-  read_bytes (r, int32, sizeof int32);
-  return int32_to_native (r, int32);
+  uint8_t integer[4];
+  read_bytes (r, integer, sizeof integer);
+  return integer_get (r->integer_format, integer, sizeof integer);
 }
 
 /* Reads a 64-bit floating-point number from R and returns its
    value in host format. */
 static double
-read_flt64 (struct sfm_reader *r)
+read_float (struct sfm_reader *r)
 {
-  uint8_t flt64[8];
-  read_bytes (r, flt64, sizeof flt64);
-  return flt64_to_double (r, flt64);
+  uint8_t number[8];
+  read_bytes (r, number, sizeof number);
+  return float_get_double (r->float_format, number);
 }
 
 /* Reads exactly SIZE - 1 bytes into BUFFER
@@ -1724,33 +1683,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-/* Returns the value of the 32-bit signed integer at INT32,
-   converted from the format used by R to the host format. */
-static int32_t
-int32_to_native (const struct sfm_reader *r, const uint8_t int32[4])
-{
-  int32_t x;
-  if (r->integer_format == INTEGER_NATIVE)
-    memcpy (&x, int32, sizeof x);
-  else
-    x = integer_get (r->integer_format, int32, sizeof x);
-  return x;
-}
-
-/* Returns the value of the 64-bit floating point number at
-   FLT64, converted from the format used by R to the host
-   format. */
-static double
-flt64_to_double (const struct sfm_reader *r, const uint8_t flt64[8])
-{
-  double x;
-  if (r->float_format == FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE)
-    memcpy (&x, flt64, sizeof x);
-  else
-    float_convert (r->float_format, flt64, FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE, &x);
-  return x;
-}
-
 static struct casereader_class sys_file_casereader_class =
   {
     sys_file_casereader_read,

Index: data/sys-file-reader.h
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/data/sys-file-reader.h,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- data/sys-file-reader.h      7 Jul 2007 06:14:10 -0000       1.5
+++ data/sys-file-reader.h      24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.6
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+#include <data/case.h>
 #include <libpspp/float-format.h>
 #include <libpspp/integer-format.h>
 
@@ -33,8 +34,15 @@
     enum integer_format integer_format;
     enum float_format float_format;
     bool compressed;           /* 0=no, 1=yes. */
-    int case_cnt;               /* -1 if unknown. */
+    casenumber case_cnt;        /* -1 if unknown. */
     char product[61];          /* Product name plus a null. */
+
+    /* Writer's version number in X.Y.Z format.
+       The version number is not always present; if not, then
+       all of these are set to 0. */
+    int version_major;          /* X. */
+    int version_minor;          /* Y. */
+    int version_revision;       /* Z. */
   };
 
 struct dictionary;

Index: data/sys-file-writer.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/data/sys-file-writer.c,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- data/sys-file-writer.c      23 Jul 2007 05:05:46 -0000      1.28
+++ data/sys-file-writer.c      24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.29
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* PSPP - a program for statistical analysis.
-   Copyright (C) 1997-9, 2000, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1997-9, 2000, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <libpspp/alloc.h>
-#include <libpspp/hash.h>
+#include <libpspp/float-format.h>
+#include <libpspp/integer-format.h>
 #include <libpspp/magic.h>
 #include <libpspp/message.h>
 #include <libpspp/misc.h>
@@ -48,64 +50,11 @@
 #include <data/variable.h>
 
 #include "minmax.h"
+#include "unlocked-io.h"
 
 #include "gettext.h"
 #define _(msgid) gettext (msgid)
 
-/* Find 64-bit floating-point type. */
-#if SIZEOF_FLOAT == 8
-  #define flt64 float
-  #define FLT64_MAX FLT_MAX
-#elif SIZEOF_DOUBLE == 8
-  #define flt64 double
-  #define FLT64_MAX DBL_MAX
-#elif SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE == 8
-  #define flt64 long double
-  #define FLT64_MAX LDBL_MAX
-#else
-  #error Which one of your basic types is 64-bit floating point?
-#endif
-
-/* Figure out SYSMIS value for flt64. */
-#include <libpspp/magic.h>
-#if SIZEOF_DOUBLE == 8
-#define second_lowest_flt64 second_lowest_value
-#else
-#error Must define second_lowest_flt64 for your architecture.
-#endif
-
-/* Record Type 1: General Information. */
-struct sysfile_header
-  {
-    char rec_type[4] ;         /* 00: Record-type code, "$FL2". */
-    char prod_name[60] ;       /* 04: Product identification. */
-    int32_t layout_code ;      /* 40: 2. */
-    int32_t nominal_case_size ;        /* 44: Number of `value's per case.
-                                  Note: some systems set this to -1 */
-    int32_t compress ;         /* 48: 1=compressed, 0=not compressed. */
-    int32_t weight_idx ;         /* 4c: 1-based index of weighting var, or 0. 
*/
-    int32_t case_cnt ;         /* 50: Number of cases, -1 if unknown. */
-    flt64 bias ;               /* 54: Compression bias (100.0). */
-    char creation_date[9] ;    /* 5c: `dd mmm yy' creation date of file. */
-    char creation_time[8] ;    /* 65: `hh:mm:ss' 24-hour creation time. */
-    char file_label[64] ;      /* 6d: File label. */
-    char padding[3] ;          /* ad: Ignored padding. */
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) ;
-
-/* Record Type 2: Variable. */
-struct sysfile_variable
-  {
-    int32_t rec_type ;         /* 2. */
-    int32_t type ;             /* 0=numeric, 1-255=string width,
-                                  -1=continued string. */
-    int32_t has_var_label ;    /* 1=has a variable label, 0=doesn't. */
-    int32_t n_missing_values ; /* Missing value code of -3,-2,0,1,2, or 3. */
-    int32_t print ;            /* Print format. */
-    int32_t write ;            /* Write format. */
-    char name[SHORT_NAME_LEN] ; /* Variable name. */
-    /* The rest of the structure varies. */
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) ;
-
 /* Compression bias used by PSPP.  Values between (1 -
    COMPRESSION_BIAS) and (251 - COMPRESSION_BIAS) inclusive can be
    compressed. */
@@ -117,43 +66,36 @@
     struct file_handle *fh;     /* File handle. */
     FILE *file;                        /* File stream. */
 
-    int needs_translation;      /* 0=use fast path, 1=translation needed. */
-    int compress;              /* 1=compressed, 0=not compressed. */
-    int case_cnt;              /* Number of cases written so far. */
-    size_t flt64_cnt;           /* Number of flt64 elements in case. */
-    bool has_vls;               /* Does the dict have very long strings? */
-
-    /* Compression buffering. */
-    flt64 *buf;                        /* Buffered data. */
-    flt64 *end;                        /* Buffer end. */
-    flt64 *ptr;                        /* Current location in buffer. */
-    unsigned char *x;          /* Location in current instruction octet. */
-    unsigned char *y;          /* End of instruction octet. */
+    bool compress;             /* 1=compressed, 0=not compressed. */
+    casenumber case_cnt;       /* Number of cases written so far. */
 
-    /* Variables. */
-    struct sfm_var *vars;       /* Variables. */
-    size_t var_cnt;             /* Number of variables. */
-    size_t var_cnt_vls;         /* Number of variables including
-                                  very long string components. */
-  };
+    /* Compression buffering.
 
-/* A variable in a system file. */
-struct sfm_var
-  {
-    int width;                  /* 0=numeric, otherwise string width. */
-    int fv;                     /* Index into case. */
-    size_t flt64_cnt;           /* Number of flt64 elements. */
+       Compressed data is output as groups of 8 1-byte opcodes
+       followed by up to 8 (depending on the opcodes) 8-byte data
+       items.  Data items and opcodes arrive at the same time but
+       must be reordered for writing to disk, thus a small amount
+       of buffering here. */
+    uint8_t opcodes[8];         /* Buffered opcodes. */
+    int opcode_cnt;             /* Number of buffered opcodes. */
+    uint8_t data[8][8];         /* Buffered data. */
+    int data_cnt;               /* Number of buffered data items. */
+
+    /* Variables. */
+    struct sfm_var *sfm_vars;   /* Variables. */
+    size_t sfm_var_cnt;         /* Number of variables. */
+    size_t segment_cnt;         /* Number of variables including extra segments
+                                   for long string variables. */
   };
 
 static struct casewriter_class sys_file_casewriter_class;
 
-static char *append_string_max (char *, const char *, const char *);
 static void write_header (struct sfm_writer *, const struct dictionary *);
-static void buf_write (struct sfm_writer *, const void *, size_t);
 static void write_variable (struct sfm_writer *, const struct variable *);
 static void write_value_labels (struct sfm_writer *,
                                 struct variable *, int idx);
-static void write_rec_7_34 (struct sfm_writer *);
+static void write_integer_info_record (struct sfm_writer *);
+static void write_float_info_record (struct sfm_writer *);
 
 static void write_longvar_table (struct sfm_writer *w,
                                  const struct dictionary *dict);
@@ -167,24 +109,25 @@
 
 static void write_documents (struct sfm_writer *, const struct dictionary *);
 
+static void write_int (struct sfm_writer *, int32_t);
+static inline void convert_double_to_output_format (double, uint8_t[8]);
+static void write_float (struct sfm_writer *, double);
+static void write_string (struct sfm_writer *, const char *, size_t);
+static void write_bytes (struct sfm_writer *, const void *, size_t);
+static void write_zeros (struct sfm_writer *, size_t);
+static void write_spaces (struct sfm_writer *, size_t);
+static void write_value (struct sfm_writer *, const union value *, int width);
+
+static void write_case_uncompressed (struct sfm_writer *, struct ccase *);
+static void write_case_compressed (struct sfm_writer *, struct ccase *);
+static void flush_compressed (struct sfm_writer *);
+static void put_cmp_opcode (struct sfm_writer *, uint8_t);
+static void put_cmp_number (struct sfm_writer *, double);
+static void put_cmp_string (struct sfm_writer *, const void *, size_t);
+
 bool write_error (const struct sfm_writer *);
 bool close_writer (struct sfm_writer *);
 
-static inline int
-var_flt64_cnt (const struct variable *v)
-{
-  assert(sizeof(flt64) == MAX_SHORT_STRING);
-  return sfm_width_to_bytes(var_get_width (v)) / MAX_SHORT_STRING ;
-}
-
-static inline int
-var_flt64_cnt_nom (const struct variable *v)
-{
-  return (var_is_numeric (v)
-          ? 1 : DIV_RND_UP (var_get_width (v), sizeof (flt64)));
-}
-
-
 /* Returns default options for writing a system file. */
 struct sfm_write_options
 sfm_writer_default_options (void)
@@ -238,30 +181,17 @@
   w->fh = fh;
   w->file = fdopen (fd, "w");
 
-  w->needs_translation = dict_compacting_would_change (d);
   w->compress = opts.compress;
   w->case_cnt = 0;
-  w->flt64_cnt = 0;
-  w->has_vls = false;
-
-  w->buf = w->end = w->ptr = NULL;
-  w->x = w->y = NULL;
 
-  w->var_cnt = dict_get_var_cnt (d);
-  w->var_cnt_vls = w->var_cnt;
-  w->vars = xnmalloc (w->var_cnt, sizeof *w->vars);
-  for (i = 0; i < w->var_cnt; i++)
-    {
-      const struct variable *dv = dict_get_var (d, i);
-      struct sfm_var *sv = &w->vars[i];
-      sv->width = var_get_width (dv);
-      /* spss compatibility nonsense */
-      if ( var_get_width (dv) >= MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING )
-         w->has_vls = true;
+  w->opcode_cnt = w->data_cnt = 0;
 
-      sv->fv = var_get_case_index (dv);
-      sv->flt64_cnt = var_flt64_cnt (dv);
-    }
+  /* Figure out how to map in-memory case data to on-disk case
+     data.  Also count the number of segments.  Very long strings
+     occupy multiple segments, otherwise each variable only takes
+     one segment. */
+  w->segment_cnt = sfm_dictionary_to_sfm_vars (d, &w->sfm_vars,
+                                               &w->sfm_var_cnt);
 
   /* Check that file create succeeded. */
   if (w->file == NULL)
@@ -276,86 +206,34 @@
   /* Write basic variable info. */
   short_names_assign (d);
   for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
-    {
-      int count = 0;
-      const struct variable *v = dict_get_var(d, i);
-      int wcount = var_get_width (v);
-
-      do {
-       struct variable *var_cont = var_clone (v);
-        var_set_short_name (var_cont, 0, var_get_short_name (v, 0));
-       if ( var_is_alpha (v))
-         {
-           if ( 0 != count )
-             {
-               var_clear_missing_values (var_cont);
-                var_set_short_name (var_cont, 0,
-                                    var_get_short_name (v, count));
-                var_clear_label (var_cont);
-               w->var_cnt_vls++;
-             }
-           count++;
-           if ( wcount >= MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING )
-             {
-                var_set_width (var_cont, MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING - 1);
-               wcount -= EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH;
-             }
-           else
-             {
-               var_set_width (var_cont, wcount);
-               wcount -= var_get_width (var_cont);
-             }
-         }
-
-       write_variable (w, var_cont);
-        var_destroy (var_cont);
-      } while(wcount > 0);
-    }
+    write_variable (w, dict_get_var (d, i));
 
   /* Write out value labels. */
-  for (idx = i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
+  idx = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
     {
       struct variable *v = dict_get_var (d, i);
 
       write_value_labels (w, v, idx);
-      idx += var_flt64_cnt (v);
+      idx += sfm_width_to_octs (var_get_width (v));
     }
 
   if (dict_get_documents (d) != NULL)
     write_documents (w, d);
 
-  write_rec_7_34 (w);
+  write_integer_info_record (w);
+  write_float_info_record (w);
 
   write_variable_display_parameters (w, d);
 
   if (opts.version >= 3)
     write_longvar_table (w, d);
 
-  write_vls_length_table(w, d);
+  write_vls_length_table (w, d);
 
   /* Write end-of-headers record. */
-  {
-    struct
-      {
-       int32_t rec_type ;
-       int32_t filler ;
-    } ATTRIBUTE((packed))
-    rec_999;
-
-    rec_999.rec_type = 999;
-    rec_999.filler = 0;
-
-    buf_write (w, &rec_999, sizeof rec_999);
-  }
-
-  if (w->compress)
-    {
-      w->buf = xnmalloc (128, sizeof *w->buf);
-      w->ptr = w->buf;
-      w->end = &w->buf[128];
-      w->x = (unsigned char *) w->ptr++;
-      w->y = (unsigned char *) w->ptr;
-    }
+  write_int (w, 999);
+  write_int (w, 0);
 
   if (write_error (w))
     goto error;
@@ -383,61 +261,72 @@
   return x;
 }
 
+/* Calculates the offset of data for TARGET_VAR from the
+   beginning of each case's data for dictionary D.  The return
+   value is in "octs" (8-byte units). */
+static int
+calc_oct_idx (const struct dictionary *d, struct variable *target_var)
+{
+  int oct_idx;
+  int i;
+
+  oct_idx = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
+    {
+      struct variable *var = dict_get_var (d, i);
+      if (var == target_var)
+        break;
+      oct_idx += sfm_width_to_octs (var_get_width (var));
+    }
+  return oct_idx;
+}
+
 /* Write the sysfile_header header to system file W. */
 static void
 write_header (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct dictionary *d)
 {
-  struct sysfile_header hdr;
-  char *p;
-  int i;
+  char prod_name[61];
+  char creation_date[10];
+  char creation_time[9];
+  const char *file_label;
+  struct variable *weight;
 
   time_t t;
 
-  memcpy (hdr.rec_type, "$FL2", 4);
+  /* Record-type code. */
+  write_string (w, "$FL2", 4);
 
-  p = stpcpy (hdr.prod_name, "@(#) SPSS DATA FILE ");
-  p = append_string_max (p, version, &hdr.prod_name[60]);
-  p = append_string_max (p, " - ", &hdr.prod_name[60]);
-  p = append_string_max (p, host_system, &hdr.prod_name[60]);
-  memset (p, ' ', &hdr.prod_name[60] - p);
+  /* Product identification. */
+  snprintf (prod_name, sizeof prod_name, "@(#) SPSS DATA FILE %s - %s",
+            version, host_system);
+  write_string (w, prod_name, 60);
 
-  hdr.layout_code = 2;
+  /* Layout code. */
+  write_int (w, 2);
 
-  w->flt64_cnt = 0;
-  for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
-    {
-      w->flt64_cnt += var_flt64_cnt (dict_get_var (d, i));
-    }
-  hdr.nominal_case_size = w->flt64_cnt;
+  /* Number of `union value's per case. */
+  write_int (w, calc_oct_idx (d, NULL));
 
-  hdr.compress = w->compress;
+  /* Compressed? */
+  write_int (w, w->compress);
 
-  if (dict_get_weight (d) != NULL)
-    {
-      const struct variable *weight_var;
-      int recalc_weight_idx = 1;
-      int i;
+  /* Weight variable. */
+  weight = dict_get_weight (d);
+  write_int (w, weight != NULL ? calc_oct_idx (d, weight) + 1 : 0);
 
-      weight_var = dict_get_weight (d);
-      for (i = 0; ; i++)
-        {
-         struct variable *v = dict_get_var (d, i);
-          if (v == weight_var)
-            break;
-         recalc_weight_idx += var_flt64_cnt (v);
-       }
-      hdr.weight_idx = recalc_weight_idx;
-    }
-  else
-    hdr.weight_idx = 0;
+  /* Number of cases.  We don't know this in advance, so we write
+     -1 to indicate an unknown number of cases.  Later we can
+     come back and overwrite it with the true value. */
+  write_int (w, -1);
 
-  hdr.case_cnt = -1;
-  hdr.bias = COMPRESSION_BIAS;
+  /* Compression bias. */
+  write_float (w, COMPRESSION_BIAS);
 
+  /* Creation date and time. */
   if (time (&t) == (time_t) -1)
     {
-      memcpy (hdr.creation_date, "01 Jan 70", 9);
-      memcpy (hdr.creation_time, "00:00:00", 8);
+      strcpy (creation_date, "01 Jan 70");
+      strcpy (creation_time, "00:00:00");
     }
   else
     {
@@ -453,120 +342,134 @@
       int hour = rerange (tmp->tm_hour + 1);
       int min = rerange (tmp->tm_min + 1);
       int sec = rerange (tmp->tm_sec + 1);
-      char buf[10];
 
-      sprintf (buf, "%02d %s %02d", day, month_name[mon - 1], year);
-      memcpy (hdr.creation_date, buf, sizeof hdr.creation_date);
-      sprintf (buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour - 1, min - 1, sec - 1);
-      memcpy (hdr.creation_time, buf, sizeof hdr.creation_time);
+      snprintf (creation_date, sizeof creation_date,
+                "%02d %s %02d", day, month_name[mon - 1], year);
+      snprintf (creation_time, sizeof creation_time,
+                "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour - 1, min - 1, sec - 1);
     }
+  write_string (w, creation_date, 9);
+  write_string (w, creation_time, 8);
 
-  {
-    const char *label = dict_get_label (d);
-    if (label == NULL)
-      label = "";
+  /* File label. */
+  file_label = dict_get_label (d);
+  if (file_label == NULL)
+    file_label = "";
+  write_string (w, file_label, 64);
 
-    buf_copy_str_rpad (hdr.file_label, sizeof hdr.file_label, label);
-  }
+  /* Padding. */
+  write_zeros (w, 3);
+}
 
-  memset (hdr.padding, 0, sizeof hdr.padding);
+/* Write format spec FMT to W, after adjusting it to be
+   compatible with the given WIDTH. */
+static void
+write_format (struct sfm_writer *w, struct fmt_spec fmt, int width)
+{
+  assert (fmt_check_output (&fmt));
+  assert (sfm_width_to_segments (width) == 1);
 
-  buf_write (w, &hdr, sizeof hdr);
+  if (width > 0)
+    fmt_resize (&fmt, width);
+  write_int (w, (fmt_to_io (fmt.type) << 16) | (fmt.w << 8) | fmt.d);
 }
 
-/* Translates format spec from internal form in SRC to system file
-   format in DEST. */
-static inline void
-write_format_spec (const struct fmt_spec *src, int32_t *dest)
+/* Write a string continuation variable record for each 8-byte
+   section beyond the initial 8 bytes, for a variable of the
+   given WIDTH. */
+static void
+write_variable_continuation_records (struct sfm_writer *w, int width)
 {
-  assert (fmt_check_output (src));
-  *dest = (fmt_to_io (src->type) << 16) | (src->w << 8) | src->d;
+  int position;
+
+  assert (sfm_width_to_segments (width) == 1);
+  for (position = 8; position < width; position += 8)
+    {
+      write_int (w, 2);   /* Record type. */
+      write_int (w, -1);  /* Width. */
+      write_int (w, 0);   /* No variable label. */
+      write_int (w, 0);   /* No missing values. */
+      write_int (w, 0);   /* Print format. */
+      write_int (w, 0);   /* Write format. */
+      write_zeros (w, 8);   /* Name. */
+    }
 }
 
-/* Write the variable record(s) for primary variable P and secondary
-   variable S to system file W. */
+/* Write the variable record(s) for variable V to system file
+   W. */
 static void
 write_variable (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct variable *v)
 {
-  struct sysfile_variable sv;
+  int width = var_get_width (v);
+  int segment_cnt = sfm_width_to_segments (width);
+  int seg0_width = sfm_segment_alloc_width (width, 0);
+  const struct missing_values *mv = var_get_missing_values (v);
+  int i;
+
+  /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, 2);
 
-  /* Missing values. */
-  struct missing_values mv;
-  flt64 m[3];           /* Missing value values. */
-  int nm;               /* Number of missing values, possibly negative. */
+  /* Width. */
+  write_int (w, seg0_width);
+
+  /* Variable has a variable label? */
+  write_int (w, var_has_label (v));
+
+  /* Number of missing values.  If there is a range, then the
+     range counts as 2 missing values and causes the number to be
+     negated. */
+  write_int (w, mv_has_range (mv) ? 2 - mv_n_values (mv) : mv_n_values (mv));
+
+  /* Print and write formats. */
+  write_format (w, *var_get_print_format (v), seg0_width);
+  write_format (w, *var_get_write_format (v), seg0_width);
+
+  /* Short name.
+     The full name is in a translation table written
+     separately. */
+  write_string (w, var_get_short_name (v, 0), 8);
+
+  /* Value label. */
+  if (var_has_label (v))
+    {
   const char *label = var_get_label (v);
+      size_t padded_len = ROUND_UP (MIN (strlen (label), 255), 4);
+      write_int (w, padded_len);
+      write_string (w, label, padded_len);
+    }
 
-  sv.rec_type = 2;
-  sv.type = MIN (var_get_width (v), MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING - 1);
-  sv.has_var_label = label != NULL;
-
-  mv_copy (&mv, var_get_missing_values (v));
-  nm = 0;
-  if (mv_has_range (&mv))
+  /* Write the missing values, if any, range first. */
+  if (mv_has_range (mv))
     {
       double x, y;
-      mv_pop_range (&mv, &x, &y);
-      m[nm++] = x == LOWEST ? second_lowest_flt64 : x;
-      m[nm++] = y == HIGHEST ? FLT64_MAX : y;
+      mv_peek_range (mv, &x, &y);
+      write_float (w, x);
+      write_float (w, y);
     }
-  while (mv_has_value (&mv))
+  for (i = 0; i < mv_n_values (mv); i++)
     {
       union value value;
-      mv_pop_value (&mv, &value);
-      if (var_is_numeric (v))
-        m[nm] = value.f;
-      else
-        buf_copy_rpad ((char *) &m[nm], sizeof m[nm], value.s,
-                       var_get_width (v));
-      nm++;
+      mv_peek_value (mv, &value, i);
+      write_value (w, &value, seg0_width);
     }
-  if (mv_has_range (var_get_missing_values (v)))
-    nm = -nm;
 
-  sv.n_missing_values = nm;
-  write_format_spec (var_get_print_format (v), &sv.print);
-  write_format_spec (var_get_write_format (v), &sv.write);
-  buf_copy_str_rpad (sv.name, sizeof sv.name, var_get_short_name (v, 0));
-  buf_write (w, &sv, sizeof sv);
+  write_variable_continuation_records (w, seg0_width);
 
-  if (label != NULL)
-    {
-      struct label
+  /* Write additional segments for very long string variables. */
+  for (i = 1; i < segment_cnt; i++)
        {
-         int32_t label_len ;
-         char label[255] ;
-      } ATTRIBUTE((packed))
-      l;
-
-      int ext_len;
-
-      l.label_len = MIN (strlen (label), 255);
-      ext_len = ROUND_UP (l.label_len, sizeof l.label_len);
-      memcpy (l.label, label, l.label_len);
-      memset (&l.label[l.label_len], ' ', ext_len - l.label_len);
+      int seg_width = sfm_segment_alloc_width (width, i);
+      struct fmt_spec fmt = fmt_for_output (FMT_A, MAX (seg_width, 1), 0);
 
-      buf_write (w, &l, offsetof (struct label, label) + ext_len);
-    }
-
-  if (nm)
-    buf_write (w, m, sizeof *m * abs (nm));
-
-  if (var_is_alpha (v) && var_get_width (v) > (int) sizeof (flt64))
-    {
-      int i;
-      int pad_count;
+      write_int (w, 2);           /* Variable record. */
+      write_int (w, seg_width);   /* Width. */
+      write_int (w, 0);           /* No variable label. */
+      write_int (w, 0);           /* No missing values. */
+      write_format (w, fmt, seg_width); /* Print format. */
+      write_format (w, fmt, seg_width); /* Write format. */
+      write_string (w, var_get_short_name (v, i), 8);
 
-      sv.type = -1;
-      sv.has_var_label = 0;
-      sv.n_missing_values = 0;
-      memset (&sv.print, 0, sizeof sv.print);
-      memset (&sv.write, 0, sizeof sv.write);
-      memset (&sv.name, 0, sizeof sv.name);
-
-      pad_count = DIV_RND_UP (MIN(var_get_width (v), MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING - 1),
-                             (int) sizeof (flt64)) - 1;
-      for (i = 0; i < pad_count; i++)
-       buf_write (w, &sv, sizeof sv);
+      write_variable_continuation_records (w, seg_width);
     }
 }
 
@@ -575,345 +478,194 @@
 static void
 write_value_labels (struct sfm_writer *w, struct variable *v, int idx)
 {
-  struct value_label_rec
-    {
-      int32_t rec_type ;
-      int32_t n_labels ;
-      flt64 labels[1] ;
-    } ATTRIBUTE((packed));
-
-  struct var_idx_rec
-    {
-      int32_t rec_type ;
-      int32_t n_vars ;
-      int32_t vars[1] ;
-    } ATTRIBUTE((packed));
-
   const struct val_labs *val_labs;
   struct val_labs_iterator *i;
-  struct value_label_rec *vlr;
-  struct var_idx_rec vir;
   struct val_lab *vl;
-  size_t vlr_size;
-  flt64 *loc;
 
   val_labs = var_get_value_labels (v);
   if (val_labs == NULL)
     return;
 
-  /* Pass 1: Count bytes. */
-  vlr_size = (sizeof (struct value_label_rec)
-             + sizeof (flt64) * (val_labs_count (val_labs) - 1));
-  for (vl = val_labs_first (val_labs, &i); vl != NULL;
-       vl = val_labs_next (val_labs, &i))
-    vlr_size += ROUND_UP (strlen (vl->label) + 1, sizeof (flt64));
-
-  /* Pass 2: Copy bytes. */
-  vlr = xmalloc (vlr_size);
-  vlr->rec_type = 3;
-  vlr->n_labels = val_labs_count (val_labs);
-  loc = vlr->labels;
+  /* Value label record. */
+  write_int (w, 3);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, val_labs_count (val_labs));
   for (vl = val_labs_first_sorted (val_labs, &i); vl != NULL;
        vl = val_labs_next (val_labs, &i))
     {
-      size_t len = strlen (vl->label);
+      uint8_t len = MIN (strlen (vl->label), 255);
 
-      *loc++ = vl->value.f;
-      *(unsigned char *) loc = len;
-      memcpy (&((char *) loc)[1], vl->label, len);
-      memset (&((char *) loc)[1 + len], ' ',
-             REM_RND_UP (len + 1, sizeof (flt64)));
-      loc += DIV_RND_UP (len + 1, sizeof (flt64));
-    }
-
-  buf_write (w, vlr, vlr_size);
-  free (vlr);
-
-  vir.rec_type = 4;
-  vir.n_vars = 1;
-  vir.vars[0] = idx + 1;
-  buf_write (w, &vir, sizeof vir);
+      write_value (w, &vl->value, var_get_width (v));
+      write_bytes (w, &len, 1);
+      write_bytes (w, vl->label, len);
+      write_zeros (w, REM_RND_UP (len + 1, 8));
+    }
+
+  /* Value label variable record. */
+  write_int (w, 4);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, 1);             /* Number of variables. */
+  write_int (w, idx + 1);       /* Variable's dictionary index. */
 }
 
 /* Writes record type 6, document record. */
 static void
 write_documents (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct dictionary *d)
 {
-  struct
-  {
-    int32_t rec_type ;         /* Always 6. */
-    int32_t n_lines ;          /* Number of lines of documents. */
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) rec_6;
-
-  const char * documents = dict_get_documents (d);
-  size_t doc_bytes = strlen (documents);
-
-  assert (doc_bytes % 80 == 0);
+  size_t line_cnt = dict_get_document_line_cnt (d);
 
-  rec_6.rec_type = 6;
-  rec_6.n_lines = doc_bytes / 80;
-  buf_write (w, &rec_6, sizeof rec_6);
-  buf_write (w, documents, 80 * rec_6.n_lines);
+  write_int (w, 6);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, line_cnt);
+  write_bytes (w, dict_get_documents (d), line_cnt * DOC_LINE_LENGTH);
 }
 
-/* Write the alignment, width and scale values */
+/* Write the alignment, width and scale values. */
 static void
 write_variable_display_parameters (struct sfm_writer *w,
                                   const struct dictionary *dict)
 {
   int i;
 
-  struct
-  {
-    int32_t rec_type ;
-    int32_t subtype ;
-    int32_t elem_size ;
-    int32_t n_elem ;
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) vdp_hdr;
-
-  vdp_hdr.rec_type = 7;
-  vdp_hdr.subtype = 11;
-  vdp_hdr.elem_size = 4;
-  vdp_hdr.n_elem = w->var_cnt_vls * 3;
-
-  buf_write (w, &vdp_hdr, sizeof vdp_hdr);
+  write_int (w, 7);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, 11);            /* Record subtype. */
+  write_int (w, 4);             /* Data item (int32) size. */
+  write_int (w, w->segment_cnt * 3); /* Number of data items. */
 
-  for ( i = 0 ; i < w->var_cnt ; ++i )
-    {
-      struct variable *v;
-      struct
+  for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (dict); ++i)
       {
-       int32_t measure ;
-       int32_t width ;
-       int32_t align ;
-      } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) params;
-
-      v = dict_get_var(dict, i);
-
-      params.measure = (var_get_measure (v) == MEASURE_NOMINAL ? 1
+      struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
+      int width = var_get_width (v);
+      int segment_cnt = sfm_width_to_segments (width);
+      int measure = (var_get_measure (v) == MEASURE_NOMINAL ? 1
                         : var_get_measure (v) == MEASURE_ORDINAL ? 2
                         : 3);
-      params.width = var_get_display_width (v);
-      params.align = (var_get_alignment (v) == ALIGN_LEFT ? 0
+      int alignment = (var_get_alignment (v) == ALIGN_LEFT ? 0
                       : var_get_alignment (v) == ALIGN_RIGHT ? 1
                       : 2);
+      int i;
 
-      buf_write (w, &params, sizeof(params));
-
-      if (var_is_long_string (v))
-       {
-         int wcount = var_get_width (v) - EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH ;
-
-         while (wcount > 0)
+      for (i = 0; i < segment_cnt; i++)
            {
-             params.width = wcount >= MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING ? 32 : wcount;
-
-             buf_write (w, &params, sizeof(params));
-
-             wcount -= EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH ;
-           }
+          int width_left = width - sfm_segment_effective_offset (width, i);
+          write_int (w, measure);
+          write_int (w, (i == 0 ? var_get_display_width (v)
+                         : sfm_width_to_segments (width_left) > 1 ? 32
+                         : width_left));
+          write_int (w, alignment);
        }
     }
 }
 
-/* Writes the table of lengths for Very Long String Variables */
+/* Writes the table of lengths for very long string variables. */
 static void
 write_vls_length_table (struct sfm_writer *w,
                        const struct dictionary *dict)
 {
+  struct string map;
   int i;
-  struct
-  {
-    int32_t rec_type ;
-    int32_t subtype ;
-    int32_t elem_size ;
-    int32_t n_elem ;
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) vls_hdr;
-
-  struct string vls_length_map;
-
-  ds_init_empty (&vls_length_map);
-
-  vls_hdr.rec_type = 7;
-  vls_hdr.subtype = 14;
-  vls_hdr.elem_size = 1;
-
 
+  ds_init_empty (&map);
   for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (dict); ++i)
     {
       const struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
-
-      if ( var_get_width (v) < MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING )
-       continue;
-
-      ds_put_format (&vls_length_map, "%s=%05d",
-                     var_get_short_name (v, 0), var_get_width (v));
-      ds_put_char (&vls_length_map, '\0');
-      ds_put_char (&vls_length_map, '\t');
+      if (sfm_width_to_segments (var_get_width (v)) > 1)
+        ds_put_format (&map, "%s=%05d%c\t",
+                       var_get_short_name (v, 0), var_get_width (v), 0);
     }
-
-  vls_hdr.n_elem = ds_length (&vls_length_map);
-
-  if ( vls_hdr.n_elem > 0 )
+  if (!ds_is_empty (&map))
     {
-      buf_write (w, &vls_hdr, sizeof vls_hdr);
-      buf_write (w, ds_data (&vls_length_map), ds_length (&vls_length_map));
+      write_int (w, 7);         /* Record type. */
+      write_int (w, 14);        /* Record subtype. */
+      write_int (w, 1);         /* Data item (char) size. */
+      write_int (w, ds_length (&map)); /* Number of data items. */
+      write_bytes (w, ds_data (&map), ds_length (&map));
     }
-
-  ds_destroy (&vls_length_map);
+  ds_destroy (&map);
 }
 
-/* Writes the long variable name table */
+/* Writes the long variable name table. */
 static void
 write_longvar_table (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct dictionary *dict)
 {
-  struct
-    {
-      int32_t rec_type ;
-      int32_t subtype ;
-      int32_t elem_size ;
-      int32_t n_elem ;
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) lv_hdr;
-
-  struct string long_name_map;
+  struct string map;
   size_t i;
 
-  ds_init_empty (&long_name_map);
+  ds_init_empty (&map);
   for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (dict); i++)
     {
       struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
 
       if (i)
-        ds_put_char (&long_name_map, '\t');
-      ds_put_format (&long_name_map, "%s=%s",
+        ds_put_char (&map, '\t');
+      ds_put_format (&map, "%s=%s",
                      var_get_short_name (v, 0), var_get_name (v));
     }
 
-  lv_hdr.rec_type = 7;
-  lv_hdr.subtype = 13;
-  lv_hdr.elem_size = 1;
-  lv_hdr.n_elem = ds_length (&long_name_map);
+  write_int (w, 7);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, 13);            /* Record subtype. */
+  write_int (w, 1);             /* Data item (char) size. */
+  write_int (w, ds_length (&map)); /* Number of data items. */
+  write_bytes (w, ds_data (&map), ds_length (&map));
 
-  buf_write (w, &lv_hdr, sizeof lv_hdr);
-  buf_write (w, ds_data (&long_name_map), ds_length (&long_name_map));
-
-  ds_destroy (&long_name_map);
+  ds_destroy (&map);
 }
 
-/* Writes record type 7, subtypes 3 and 4. */
+/* Write integer information record. */
 static void
-write_rec_7_34 (struct sfm_writer *w)
+write_integer_info_record (struct sfm_writer *w)
 {
-  struct
-    {
-      int32_t rec_type_3 ;
-      int32_t subtype_3 ;
-      int32_t data_type_3 ;
-      int32_t n_elem_3 ;
-      int32_t elem_3[8] ;
-      int32_t rec_type_4 ;
-      int32_t subtype_4 ;
-      int32_t data_type_4 ;
-      int32_t n_elem_4 ;
-      flt64 elem_4[3] ;
-  } ATTRIBUTE((packed)) rec_7;
-
-  /* Components of the version number, from major to minor. */
   int version_component[3];
+  int float_format;
 
-  /* Used to step through the version string. */
-  char *p;
-
-  /* Parses the version string, which is assumed to be of the form
-     #.#x, where each # is a string of digits, and x is a single
-     letter. */
-  version_component[0] = strtol (bare_version, &p, 10);
-  if (*p == '.')
-    p++;
-  version_component[1] = strtol (bare_version, &p, 10);
-  version_component[2] = (isalpha ((unsigned char) *p)
-                         ? tolower ((unsigned char) *p) - 'a' : 0);
-
-  rec_7.rec_type_3 = 7;
-  rec_7.subtype_3 = 3;
-  rec_7.data_type_3 = sizeof (int32_t);
-  rec_7.n_elem_3 = 8;
-  rec_7.elem_3[0] = version_component[0];
-  rec_7.elem_3[1] = version_component[1];
-  rec_7.elem_3[2] = version_component[2];
-  rec_7.elem_3[3] = -1;
-
-  /* PORTME: 1=IEEE754, 2=IBM 370, 3=DEC VAX E. */
-#ifdef FPREP_IEEE754
-  rec_7.elem_3[4] = 1;
-#endif
-
-  rec_7.elem_3[5] = 1;
-
-  /* PORTME: 1=big-endian, 2=little-endian. */
-#if WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-  rec_7.elem_3[6] = 1;
-#else
-  rec_7.elem_3[6] = 2;
-#endif
-
-  /* PORTME: 1=EBCDIC, 2=7-bit ASCII, 3=8-bit ASCII, 4=DEC Kanji. */
-  rec_7.elem_3[7] = 2;
-
-  rec_7.rec_type_4 = 7;
-  rec_7.subtype_4 = 4;
-  rec_7.data_type_4 = sizeof (flt64);
-  rec_7.n_elem_4 = 3;
-  rec_7.elem_4[0] = -FLT64_MAX;
-  rec_7.elem_4[1] = FLT64_MAX;
-  rec_7.elem_4[2] = second_lowest_flt64;
-
-  buf_write (w, &rec_7, sizeof rec_7);
-}
-
-/* Write NBYTES starting at BUF to the system file represented by
-   H. */
-static void
-buf_write (struct sfm_writer *w, const void *buf, size_t nbytes)
-{
-  assert (buf != NULL);
-  fwrite (buf, nbytes, 1, w->file);
-}
-
-/* Copies string DEST to SRC with the proviso that DEST does not reach
-   byte END; no null terminator is copied.  Returns a pointer to the
-   byte after the last byte copied. */
-static char *
-append_string_max (char *dest, const char *src, const char *end)
-{
-  int nbytes = MIN (end - dest, (int) strlen (src));
-  memcpy (dest, src, nbytes);
-  return dest + nbytes;
-}
+  /* Parse the version string. */
+  memset (version_component, 0, sizeof version_component);
+  sscanf (bare_version, "%d.%d.%d",
+          &version_component[0], &version_component[1], &version_component[2]);
+
+  /* Figure out the floating-point format. */
+  if (FLOAT_NATIVE_64_BIT == FLOAT_IEEE_DOUBLE_LE
+      || FLOAT_NATIVE_64_BIT == FLOAT_IEEE_DOUBLE_BE)
+    float_format = 1;
+  else if (FLOAT_NATIVE_64_BIT == FLOAT_Z_LONG)
+    float_format = 2;
+  else if (FLOAT_NATIVE_64_BIT == FLOAT_VAX_D)
+    float_format = 3;
+  else
+    abort ();
 
-/* Makes certain that the compression buffer of H has room for another
-   element.  If there's not room, pads out the current instruction
-   octet with zero and dumps out the buffer. */
-static void
-ensure_buf_space (struct sfm_writer *w)
-{
-  if (w->ptr >= w->end)
-    {
-      memset (w->x, 0, w->y - w->x);
-      w->x = w->y;
-      w->ptr = w->buf;
-      buf_write (w, w->buf, sizeof *w->buf * 128);
-    }
+  /* Write record. */
+  write_int (w, 7);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, 3);             /* Record subtype. */
+  write_int (w, 4);             /* Data item (int32) size. */
+  write_int (w, 8);             /* Number of data items. */
+  write_int (w, version_component[0]);
+  write_int (w, version_component[1]);
+  write_int (w, version_component[2]);
+  write_int (w, -1);          /* Machine code. */
+  write_int (w, float_format);
+  write_int (w, 1);           /* Compression code. */
+  write_int (w, INTEGER_NATIVE == INTEGER_MSB_FIRST ? 1 : 2);
+  write_int (w, 2);           /* 7-bit ASCII. */
+}
+
+/* Write floating-point information record. */
+static void
+write_float_info_record (struct sfm_writer *w)
+{
+  write_int (w, 7);             /* Record type. */
+  write_int (w, 4);             /* Record subtype. */
+  write_int (w, 8);             /* Data item (flt64) size. */
+  write_int (w, 3);             /* Number of data items. */
+  write_float (w, SYSMIS);      /* System-missing value. */
+  write_float (w, HIGHEST);     /* Value used for HIGHEST in missing values. */
+  write_float (w, LOWEST);      /* Value used for LOWEST in missing values. */
 }
 
-static void write_compressed_data (struct sfm_writer *w, const flt64 *elem);
-
 /* Writes case C to system file W. */
 static void
 sys_file_casewriter_write (struct casewriter *writer, void *w_,
                            struct ccase *c)
 {
   struct sfm_writer *w = w_;
+
   if (ferror (w->file))
     {
       casewriter_force_error (writer);
@@ -923,65 +675,15 @@
 
   w->case_cnt++;
 
-  if (!w->needs_translation && !w->compress
-      && sizeof (flt64) == sizeof (union value) && ! w->has_vls )
-    {
-      /* Fast path: external and internal representations are the
-         same and the dictionary is properly ordered.  Write
-         directly to file. */
-      buf_write (w, case_data_all (c), sizeof (union value) * w->flt64_cnt);
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      /* Slow path: internal and external representations differ.
-         Write into a bounce buffer, then write to W. */
-      flt64 *bounce;
-      flt64 *bounce_cur;
-      flt64 *bounce_end;
-      size_t bounce_size;
-      size_t i;
-
-      bounce_size = sizeof *bounce * w->flt64_cnt;
-      bounce = bounce_cur = local_alloc (bounce_size);
-      bounce_end = bounce + bounce_size;
-
-      for (i = 0; i < w->var_cnt; i++)
-        {
-          struct sfm_var *v = &w->vars[i];
-
-         memset(bounce_cur, ' ', v->flt64_cnt * sizeof (flt64));
-
-          if (v->width == 0)
-           {
-             *bounce_cur = case_num_idx (c, v->fv);
-             bounce_cur += v->flt64_cnt;
-           }
-          else
-           { int ofs = 0;
-           while (ofs < v->width)
-             {
-               int chunk = MIN (MIN_VERY_LONG_STRING - 1, v->width - ofs);
-               int nv = DIV_RND_UP (chunk, sizeof (flt64));
-               buf_copy_rpad ((char *) bounce_cur, nv * sizeof (flt64),
-                              case_data_idx (c, v->fv)->s + ofs, chunk);
-               bounce_cur += nv;
-               ofs += chunk;
-             }
-           }
-
-        }
-
       if (!w->compress)
-        buf_write (w, bounce, bounce_size);
+    write_case_uncompressed (w, c);
       else
-        write_compressed_data (w, bounce);
-
-      local_free (bounce);
-    }
+    write_case_compressed (w, c);
 
   case_destroy (c);
 }
 
+/* Destroys system file writer W. */
 static void
 sys_file_casewriter_destroy (struct casewriter *writer, void *w_)
 {
@@ -990,67 +692,6 @@
     casewriter_force_error (writer);
 }
 
-static void
-put_instruction (struct sfm_writer *w, unsigned char instruction)
-{
-  if (w->x >= w->y)
-    {
-      ensure_buf_space (w);
-      w->x = (unsigned char *) w->ptr++;
-      w->y = (unsigned char *) w->ptr;
-    }
-  *w->x++ = instruction;
-}
-
-static void
-put_element (struct sfm_writer *w, const flt64 *elem)
-{
-  ensure_buf_space (w);
-  memcpy (w->ptr++, elem, sizeof *elem);
-}
-
-static void
-write_compressed_data (struct sfm_writer *w, const flt64 *elem)
-{
-  size_t i;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < w->var_cnt; i++)
-    {
-      struct sfm_var *v = &w->vars[i];
-
-      if (v->width == 0)
-        {
-          if (*elem == -FLT64_MAX)
-            put_instruction (w, 255);
-          else if (*elem >= 1 - COMPRESSION_BIAS
-                   && *elem <= 251 - COMPRESSION_BIAS
-                   && *elem == (int) *elem)
-            put_instruction (w, (int) *elem + COMPRESSION_BIAS);
-          else
-            {
-              put_instruction (w, 253);
-              put_element (w, elem);
-            }
-          elem++;
-        }
-      else
-        {
-          size_t j;
-
-          for (j = 0; j < v->flt64_cnt; j++, elem++)
-            {
-              if (!memcmp (elem, "        ", sizeof (flt64)))
-                put_instruction (w, 254);
-              else
-                {
-                  put_instruction (w, 253);
-                  put_element (w, elem);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /* Returns true if an I/O error has occurred on WRITER, false otherwise. */
 bool
 write_error (const struct sfm_writer *writer)
@@ -1072,11 +713,8 @@
   if (w->file != NULL)
     {
       /* Flush buffer. */
-      if (w->buf != NULL && w->ptr > w->buf)
-        {
-          memset (w->x, 0, w->y - w->x);
-          buf_write (w, w->buf, (w->ptr - w->buf) * sizeof *w->buf);
-        }
+      if (w->opcode_cnt > 0)
+        flush_compressed (w);
       fflush (w->file);
 
       ok = !write_error (w);
@@ -1084,11 +722,9 @@
       /* Seek back to the beginning and update the number of cases.
          This is just a courtesy to later readers, so there's no need
          to check return values or report errors. */
-      if (ok && !fseek (w->file, offsetof (struct sysfile_header, case_cnt),
-                        SEEK_SET))
+      if (ok && w->case_cnt <= INT32_MAX && !fseek (w->file, 80, SEEK_SET))
         {
-          int32_t case_cnt = w->case_cnt;
-          fwrite (&case_cnt, sizeof case_cnt, 1, w->file);
+          write_int (w, w->case_cnt);
           clearerr (w->file);
         }
 
@@ -1102,16 +738,235 @@
 
   fh_close (w->fh, "system file", "we");
 
-  free (w->buf);
-  free (w->vars);
+  free (w->sfm_vars);
   free (w);
 
   return ok;
 }
 
+/* System file writer casewriter class. */
 static struct casewriter_class sys_file_casewriter_class =
   {
     sys_file_casewriter_write,
     sys_file_casewriter_destroy,
     NULL,
   };
+
+/* Writes case C to system file W, without compressing it. */
+static void
+write_case_uncompressed (struct sfm_writer *w, struct ccase *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < w->sfm_var_cnt; i++)
+    {
+      struct sfm_var *v = &w->sfm_vars[i];
+
+      if (v->width == 0)
+        write_float (w, case_num_idx (c, v->case_index));
+      else
+        {
+          write_bytes (w, case_str_idx (c, v->case_index) + v->offset,
+                       v->width);
+          write_spaces (w, v->padding);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Writes case C to system file W, with compression. */
+static void
+write_case_compressed (struct sfm_writer *w, struct ccase *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < w->sfm_var_cnt; i++)
+    {
+      struct sfm_var *v = &w->sfm_vars[i];
+
+      if (v->width == 0)
+        {
+          double d = case_num_idx (c, v->case_index);
+          if (d == SYSMIS)
+            put_cmp_opcode (w, 255);
+          else if (d >= 1 - COMPRESSION_BIAS
+                   && d <= 251 - COMPRESSION_BIAS
+                   && d == (int) d)
+            put_cmp_opcode (w, (int) d + COMPRESSION_BIAS);
+          else
+            {
+              put_cmp_opcode (w, 253);
+              put_cmp_number (w, d);
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          int offset = v->offset;
+          int width, padding;
+
+          /* This code properly deals with a width that is not a
+             multiple of 8, by ensuring that the final partial
+             oct (8 byte unit) is treated as padded with spaces
+             on the right. */
+          for (width = v->width; width > 0; width -= 8, offset += 8)
+            {
+              const void *data = case_str_idx (c, v->case_index) + offset;
+              int chunk_size = MIN (width, 8);
+              if (!memcmp (data, "        ", chunk_size))
+                put_cmp_opcode (w, 254);
+              else
+                {
+                  put_cmp_opcode (w, 253);
+                  put_cmp_string (w, data, chunk_size);
+                }
+            }
+
+          /* This code deals properly with padding that is not a
+             multiple of 8 bytes, by discarding the remainder,
+             which was already effectively padded with spaces in
+             the previous loop.  (Note that v->width + v->padding
+             is always a multiple of 8.) */
+          for (padding = v->padding / 8; padding > 0; padding--)
+            put_cmp_opcode (w, 254);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Flushes buffered compressed opcodes and data to W.
+   The compression buffer must not be empty. */
+static void
+flush_compressed (struct sfm_writer *w)
+{
+  assert (w->opcode_cnt > 0 && w->opcode_cnt <= 8);
+
+  write_bytes (w, w->opcodes, w->opcode_cnt);
+  write_zeros (w, 8 - w->opcode_cnt);
+
+  write_bytes (w, w->data, w->data_cnt * sizeof *w->data);
+
+  w->opcode_cnt = w->data_cnt = 0;
+}
+
+/* Appends OPCODE to the buffered set of compression opcodes in
+   W.  Flushes the compression buffer beforehand if necessary. */
+static void
+put_cmp_opcode (struct sfm_writer *w, uint8_t opcode)
+{
+  if (w->opcode_cnt >= 8)
+    flush_compressed (w);
+
+  w->opcodes[w->opcode_cnt++] = opcode;
+}
+
+/* Appends NUMBER to the buffered compression data in W.  The
+   buffer must not be full; the way to assure that is to call
+   this function only just after a call to put_cmp_opcode, which
+   will flush the buffer as necessary. */
+static void
+put_cmp_number (struct sfm_writer *w, double number)
+{
+  assert (w->opcode_cnt > 0);
+  assert (w->data_cnt < 8);
+
+  convert_double_to_output_format (number, w->data[w->data_cnt++]);
+}
+
+/* Appends SIZE bytes of DATA to the buffered compression data in
+   W, followed by enough spaces to pad the output data to exactly
+   8 bytes (thus, SIZE must be no greater than 8).  The buffer
+   must not be full; the way to assure that is to call this
+   function only just after a call to put_cmp_opcode, which will
+   flush the buffer as necessary. */
+static void
+put_cmp_string (struct sfm_writer *w, const void *data, size_t size)
+{
+  assert (w->opcode_cnt > 0);
+  assert (w->data_cnt < 8);
+  assert (size <= 8);
+
+  memset (w->data[w->data_cnt], ' ', 8);
+  memcpy (w->data[w->data_cnt], data, size);
+  w->data_cnt++;
+}
+
+/* Writes 32-bit integer X to the output file for writer W. */
+static void
+write_int (struct sfm_writer *w, int32_t x)
+{
+  write_bytes (w, &x, sizeof x);
+}
+
+/* Converts NATIVE to the 64-bit format used in output files in
+   OUTPUT. */
+static inline void
+convert_double_to_output_format (double native, uint8_t output[8])
+{
+  /* If "double" is not a 64-bit type, then convert it to a
+     64-bit type.  Otherwise just copy it. */
+  if (FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE != FLOAT_NATIVE_64_BIT)
+    float_convert (FLOAT_NATIVE_DOUBLE, &native, FLOAT_NATIVE_64_BIT, output);
+  else
+    memcpy (output, &native, sizeof native);
+}
+
+/* Writes floating-point number X to the output file for writer
+   W. */
+static void
+write_float (struct sfm_writer *w, double x)
+{
+  uint8_t output[8];
+  convert_double_to_output_format (x, output);
+  write_bytes (w, output, sizeof output);
+}
+
+/* Writes contents of VALUE with the given WIDTH to W, padding
+   with zeros to a multiple of 8 bytes.
+   To avoid a branch, and because we don't actually need to
+   support it, WIDTH must be no bigger than 8. */
+static void
+write_value (struct sfm_writer *w, const union value *value, int width)
+{
+  assert (width <= 8);
+  if (width == 0)
+    write_float (w, value->f);
+  else
+    {
+      write_bytes (w, value->s, width);
+      write_zeros (w, 8 - width);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Writes null-terminated STRING in a field of the given WIDTH to
+   W.  If WIDTH is longer than WIDTH, it is truncated; if WIDTH
+   is narrowed, it is padded on the right with spaces. */
+static void
+write_string (struct sfm_writer *w, const char *string, size_t width)
+{
+  size_t data_bytes = MIN (strlen (string), width);
+  size_t pad_bytes = width - data_bytes;
+  write_bytes (w, string, data_bytes);
+  while (pad_bytes-- > 0)
+    putc (' ', w->file);
+}
+
+/* Writes SIZE bytes of DATA to W's output file. */
+static void
+write_bytes (struct sfm_writer *w, const void *data, size_t size)
+{
+  fwrite (data, 1, size, w->file);
+}
+
+/* Writes N zeros to W's output file. */
+static void
+write_zeros (struct sfm_writer *w, size_t n)
+{
+  while (n-- > 0)
+    putc (0, w->file);
+}
+
+/* Writes N spaces to W's output file. */
+static void
+write_spaces (struct sfm_writer *w, size_t n)
+{
+  while (n-- > 0)
+    putc (' ', w->file);
+}

Index: language/dictionary/sys-file-info.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pspp/pspp/src/language/dictionary/sys-file-info.c,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- language/dictionary/sys-file-info.c 7 Jul 2007 06:14:13 -0000       1.27
+++ language/dictionary/sys-file-info.c 24 Jul 2007 05:33:43 -0000      1.28
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@
             (unsigned int) dict_get_var_cnt (d));
   tab_text (t, 0, 6, TAB_LEFT, _("Cases:"));
   tab_text (t, 1, 6, TAB_LEFT | TAT_PRINTF,
-               info.case_cnt == -1 ? _("Unknown") : "%d", info.case_cnt);
+            info.case_cnt == -1 ? _("Unknown") : "%ld",
+            (long int) info.case_cnt);
   tab_text (t, 0, 7, TAB_LEFT, _("Type:"));
   tab_text (t, 1, 7, TAB_LEFT, _("System File."));
   tab_text (t, 0, 8, TAB_LEFT, _("Weight:"));




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