Finally I figured it out myself. This is function modified to incorporate a horizontal padding:
annotatedSlur =
#(define-music-function (parser location paddingVertical paddingHorizontal texto) (number? number? markup?)
#{
\once \override Slur.after-line-breaking =
#(lambda (grob)
(let*
((stencil (ly:slur::print grob))
(dir (ly:grob-property grob 'direction))
(markup-stencil (grob-interpret-markup grob texto))
(shift (- (interval-center (ly:stencil-extent stencil X)) (- (interval-center (ly:stencil-extent markup-stencil X)) paddingHorizontal)))
(new-stencil
(ly:stencil-combine-at-edge
stencil
Y dir
(ly:stencil-translate-axis markup-stencil shift X)
paddingVertical)))
(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'stencil new-stencil)))
#})