You can get the space between the beams from the 'gap property. (It's measured in half staff-spaces, so this value needs to be halved.) Also, you can get the number of beams through the 'beaming property. Here I've gotten the beam-count from the first stem.
\version "2.14.2"
#(define ((stencil-plus-bracket beam-count) grob)
(let* ((beam (ly:beam::print grob))
(beam-count (length (cdr (ly:grob-property (ly:grob-parent grob X) 'beaming))))
(beam-positions (ly:grob-property grob 'positions))
(gap (* 0.5 (ly:grob-property grob 'gap)))
(single-beam-thickness (ly:grob-property grob 'beam-thickness))
(whole-beam-thickness
(+ (* beam-count single-beam-thickness)(* (- beam-count 1) gap)))
(bracket (ly:bracket Y (cons (* -0.5 whole-beam-thickness) (* 0.5 whole-beam-thickness)) 0.05 0.4)))
(ly:stencil-add
beam
(ly:stencil-in-color
(ly:stencil-translate
bracket
(cons -1 (- (car beam-positions) (* 0.38 whole-beam-thickness))))
1 0 0))
))
\relative c' {
\stemUp
\once\override Beam #'stencil = #stencil-plus-bracket
f'32 [f f f]
\once\override Beam #'stencil = #stencil-plus-bracket
f16 [f f f]
\once\override Beam #'stencil = #stencil-plus-bracket
f64 [f f f]
}