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Re: Weak tables harmful to GC?


From: Ludovic Courtès
Subject: Re: Weak tables harmful to GC?
Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2017 17:16:56 -0700
User-agent: Gnus/5.13 (Gnus v5.13) Emacs/25.3 (gnu/linux)

Hi Chris,

Thanks for your support.  :-)

Christopher Allan Webber <address@hidden> skribis:

> +      else
> +        {
> +          /* The move to BDW-GC with Guile 2.0 introduced some bugs
> +             related to weak hash tables, threads, memory usage, and the
> +             alloc lock.  We were unable to fix these issues
> +             satisfactorily in 2.0 but have addressed them via a rewrite
> +             in 2.2.  If you see this message often, you probably want
> +             to upgrade to 2.2.  */
> +          fprintf (stderr, "guile: warning: weak hash table corruption "
> +                   "(https://bugs.gnu.org/19180)");
> +          len = 0;
> +        }
>
> Guess reverting this patch means this comment also should be amended!

Indeed.  :-)

The attached patch fixes the bug for me.  Having spend days on
weak-table stuff, the bug looked (described in the commit log below)
almost obvious to me.

This tight loop used to trigger the bug after a few seconds; it no
longer does after several minutes:

  (define table
    (make-weak-key-hash-table))

  (let loop ((i 0))
    (unless #f
      (hashq-set! table (make-list 1000) i)
      (loop (1+ i))))

Also, it no longer displays the pathological behavior shown in
<https://bugs.gnu.org/28590>.

Of course, even better if people could test the two patches and confirm
that it works for them.

Then if there are no objections I’d like to merge them in ‘stable-2.2’.

Ludo’.

>From d61b9c0768ef28965be61e6c160f56bd17ef8715 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Ludovic=20Court=C3=A8s?= <address@hidden>
Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2017 16:56:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Keep weak hash table item count consistent.

Fixes a TOCTTOU kind of bug whereby we'd first count the number of items
deleted from the table, and later, *without* having the alloc lock, we'd
update the table's item count.  The problem is that the item count could
have been updated in the meantime, hence the bug.

Fixes <https://bugs.gnu.org/19180>.

* libguile/hashtab.c (vacuum_weak_hash_table): Rename to...
(do_vacuum_weak_hash_table): ... this.  Unmarshall the void* argument.
Replace 'fprintf' warning with an assertion.
(vacuum_weak_hash_table): New function.  Call the above with
'GC_call_with_alloc_lock'.
(t_fixup_args): Add 'table' field; remove 'removed_items'.
(do_weak_bucket_fixup): Update TABLE's 'n_items' field.
(weak_bucket_assoc): Check 'SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS' instead of
'args.removed_items'.
---
 libguile/hashtab.c | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libguile/hashtab.c b/libguile/hashtab.c
index bd308c5e9..7a6585740 100644
--- a/libguile/hashtab.c
+++ b/libguile/hashtab.c
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ static char *s_hashtable = "hashtable";
 
 /* Remove nullified weak pairs from ALIST such that the result contains only
    valid pairs.  Set REMOVED_ITEMS to the number of pairs that have been
-   deleted.  */
+   deleted.  Assumes the allocation lock is already taken.  */
 static SCM
 scm_fixup_weak_alist (SCM alist, size_t *removed_items)
 {
@@ -130,9 +130,10 @@ scm_fixup_weak_alist (SCM alist, size_t *removed_items)
   return result;
 }
 
-static void
-vacuum_weak_hash_table (SCM table)
+static void *
+do_vacuum_weak_hash_table (void *arg)
 {
+  SCM table = SCM_PACK_POINTER (arg);
   SCM buckets = SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table);
   unsigned long k = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets);
   size_t len = SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table);
@@ -142,44 +143,52 @@ vacuum_weak_hash_table (SCM table)
       size_t removed;
       SCM alist = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k);
       alist = scm_fixup_weak_alist (alist, &removed);
-      if (removed <= len)
-        len -= removed;
-      else
-        {
-          /* The move to BDW-GC with Guile 2.0 introduced some bugs
-             related to weak hash tables, threads, memory usage, and the
-             alloc lock.  We were unable to fix these issues
-             satisfactorily in 2.0 but have addressed them via a rewrite
-             in 2.2.  If you see this message often, you probably want
-             to upgrade to 2.2.  */
-          fprintf (stderr, "guile: warning: weak hash table corruption "
-                   "(https://bugs.gnu.org/19180)\n");
-          len = 0;
-        }
+
+      /* The alloc lock is taken, so we cannot get REMOVED > LEN.  If we
+        do, that means we messed up while counting items.  */
+      assert (removed <= len);
+
       SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (buckets, k, alist);
     }
 
   SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table, len);
+
+  return table;
+}
+
+/* Remove deleted weak pairs from the buckets of TABLE, and update
+   TABLE's item count accordingly.  */
+static void
+vacuum_weak_hash_table (SCM table)
+{
+  /* Take the alloc lock so we have a consistent view of the live
+     elements in TABLE.  Failing to do that, we could be miscounting the
+     number of elements.  */
+  GC_call_with_alloc_lock (do_vacuum_weak_hash_table,
+                          SCM_PACK (table));
 }
 
 
+
 /* Packed arguments for `do_weak_bucket_fixup'.  */
 struct t_fixup_args
 {
+  SCM table;
   SCM bucket;
   SCM *bucket_copy;
-  size_t removed_items;
 };
 
 static void *
 do_weak_bucket_fixup (void *data)
 {
-  struct t_fixup_args *args;
   SCM pair, *copy;
+  size_t len, removed_items;
+  struct t_fixup_args *args = (struct t_fixup_args *) data;
 
-  args = (struct t_fixup_args *) data;
+  args->bucket = scm_fixup_weak_alist (args->bucket, &removed_items);
 
-  args->bucket = scm_fixup_weak_alist (args->bucket, &args->removed_items);
+  len = SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (args->table);
+  SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (args->table, len - removed_items);
 
   for (pair = args->bucket, copy = args->bucket_copy;
        scm_is_pair (pair);
@@ -214,6 +223,7 @@ weak_bucket_assoc (SCM table, SCM buckets, size_t 
bucket_index,
      and values in BUCKET.  */
   strong_refs = alloca (scm_ilength (bucket) * 2 * sizeof (SCM));
 
+  args.table = table;
   args.bucket = bucket;
   args.bucket_copy = strong_refs;
 
@@ -239,19 +249,9 @@ weak_bucket_assoc (SCM table, SCM buckets, size_t 
bucket_index,
 
   scm_remember_upto_here_1 (strong_refs);
 
-  if (args.removed_items > 0)
-    {
-      /* Update TABLE's item count and optionally trigger a rehash.  */
-      size_t remaining;
-
-      assert (SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table) >= args.removed_items);
-
-      remaining = SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table) - args.removed_items;
-      SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table, remaining);
-
-      if (remaining < SCM_HASHTABLE_LOWER (table))
-       scm_i_rehash (table, hash_fn, closure, "weak_bucket_assoc");
-    }
+  if (SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table) < SCM_HASHTABLE_LOWER (table))
+    /* Trigger a rehash.  */
+    scm_i_rehash (table, hash_fn, closure, "weak_bucket_assoc");
 
   return result;
 }
-- 
2.14.2

>From 380d0ed6925245b2ace154f07743dd230f7018a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Ludovic=20Court=C3=A8s?= <address@hidden>
Date: Sat, 21 Oct 2017 16:18:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Remove weak tables and revert to weak hash tables.

This removes weak-tables.[ch] and reintroduces weak hash tables as
implemented in Guile 2.0 into hashtab.[ch].  This reduces wall-clock
time by more than 15% on some GC-intensive benchmarks (compiling code)
where big weak hash tables are in use, such as source properties.

For more details on the rationale, see
<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guile-devel/2017-09/msg00031.html>.

* libguile.h: Don't include "weak-table.h".
* libguile/Makefile.am (address@hidden@_la_SOURCES)
(DOT_X_FILES, DOT_DOC_FILES, modinclude_HEADERS): Remove weak-table.*
files.
* libguile/evalext.c (scm_self_evaluating_p): Remove reference to
scm_tc7_weak_table.
* libguile/hashtab.c (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CAR)
(SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CDR): New macros.
* libguile/hashtab.c (scm_fixup_weak_alist, vacuum_weak_hash_table)
(do_weak_bucket_fixup, weak_bucket_assoc)
(weak_bucket_assoc_by_hash): New function.
(make_hash_table, scm_make_hash_table): Add support for weak hash
tables.
(weak_gc_callback, weak_gc_hook, weak_gc_finalizer)
(scm_c_register_weak_gc_callback, scm_make_weak_key_hash_table)
(scm_make_weak_value_hash_table, scm_make_doubly_weak_hash_table): New
functions.
(SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P): Remove.
(scm_weak_key_hash_table_p, scm_weak_value_hash_table_p)
(scm_doubly_weak_hash_table_p, scm_hash_fn_get_handle_by_hash): New
functions.
(scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x): Add support for weak hash tables.
(get_weak_cdr, weak_pair_cdr): New functions.
(scm_hash_fn_set_x): Add support for weak hash tables.
(scm_hash_fn_remove_x): Likewise.
(scm_hashq_get_handle, scm_hashq_create_handle_x): Likewise.
(scm_hashv_get_handle, scm_hashv_create_handle_x): Likewise.
(scm_hashq_ref, scm_hashq_set_x, scm_hashq_remove_x): Remove special
cases for 'SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P'.
(scm_hashv_ref, scm_hashv_set_x, scm_hashv_remove_x): Likewise.
(scm_hash_ref, scm_hash_set_x, scm_hash_remove_x): Likewise.
(scm_hashx_ref, scm_hashx_set_x, scm_hashx_remove_x): Likewise.
(assv_predicate, assoc_predicate, assx_predicate): Remove.
(scm_hash_map_to_list, scm_internal_hash_fold): Likewise, and check for
deleted entries.
(scm_internal_hash_for_each_handle): Likewise.
(scm_t_ihashx_closure): Remove 'key' field.
(wcar_pair_descr, wcdr_pair_descr): New variables.
(scm_weak_car_pair, scm_weak_cdr_pair, scm_doubly_weak_pair): New
functions.
(scm_weak_table_refq, scm_weak_table_putq_x, scm_c_make_weak_table)
(scm_c_weak_table_fold): Rewrite in terms of the hash-table API.
(scm_init_hashtab): Initialize 'wcar_pair_descr' and 'wcdr_pair_descr'.
* libguile/hashtab.h (scm_t_weak_table_kind): New type.
(SCM_HASHTABLE, SCM_HASHTABLE_FLAGS, SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_KEY_P)
(SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_VALUE_P, SCM_HASHTABLE_DOUBLY_WEAK_P): New macros.
(scm_t_hash_predicate_fn): New type.
(scm_t_hashtable)[flags]: New field.
(scm_make_weak_value_hash_table, scm_make_doubly_weak_hash_table)
(scm_make_weak_key_hash_table, scm_c_make_weak_table)
(scm_c_weak_table_fold, scm_weak_table_refq)
(scm_weak_table_putq_x): New declarations.
* libguile/init.c (scm_i_init_guile): Remove calls to
'scm_weak_table_prehistory' and 'scm_init_weak_table'.
(iprin1): Remove reference to scm_tc7_weak_table.
* libguile/procprop.c: Include "hashtab.h".
* libguile/tags.h (scm_tc7_weak_table): Remove.
* libguile/weak-list.h (scm_weak_car_pair, scm_weak_cdr_pair)
(scm_doubly_weak_pair): New declarations.
(SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P, SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD_DELETED_P)
(SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CAR_DELETED_P, SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CDR_DELETED_P)
(SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD, SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CAR, SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CDR): New macros.
* module/system/base/types.scm (%tc7-weak-table): Mark as obsolete.
* test-suite/tests/types.test ("opaque objects"): Replace references to
'weak-table' with 'hash-table'.  Add 'make-hash-table' test.
---
 libguile.h                   |   3 +-
 libguile/Makefile.am         |   6 +-
 libguile/evalext.c           |   3 +-
 libguile/hashtab.c           | 878 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 libguile/hashtab.h           |  48 ++-
 libguile/init.c              |   4 +-
 libguile/print.c             |   5 +-
 libguile/procprop.c          |   4 +-
 libguile/tags.h              |   3 +-
 libguile/weak-list.h         |  32 +-
 module/system/base/types.scm |   2 +-
 test-suite/tests/types.test  |   9 +-
 12 files changed, 809 insertions(+), 188 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libguile.h b/libguile.h
index 3f7f0b791..90326844b 100644
--- a/libguile.h
+++ b/libguile.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef SCM_LIBGUILE_H
 #define SCM_LIBGUILE_H
 
-/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,2000,2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,2000,2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "libguile/version.h"
 #include "libguile/vports.h"
 #include "libguile/weak-set.h"
-#include "libguile/weak-table.h"
 #include "libguile/weak-vector.h"
 #include "libguile/backtrace.h"
 #include "libguile/debug.h"
diff --git a/libguile/Makefile.am b/libguile/Makefile.am
index 2214a4aa3..6420d0f48 100644
--- a/libguile/Makefile.am
+++ b/libguile/Makefile.am
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ## Process this file with Automake to create Makefile.in
 ##
 ##   Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007,
-##     2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 Free Software 
Foundation, Inc.
+##     2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017 Free Software 
Foundation, Inc.
 ##
 ##   This file is part of GUILE.
 ##
@@ -225,7 +225,6 @@ address@hidden@_la_SOURCES =                                
\
        vm.c                                    \
        vports.c                                \
        weak-set.c                              \
-       weak-table.c                            \
        weak-vector.c
 
 DOT_X_FILES =                                  \
@@ -330,7 +329,6 @@ DOT_X_FILES =                                       \
        vm.x                                    \
        vports.x                                \
        weak-set.x                              \
-       weak-table.x                            \
        weak-vector.x
 
 EXTRA_DOT_X_FILES = @EXTRA_DOT_X_FILES@
@@ -432,7 +430,6 @@ DOT_DOC_FILES =                             \
        version.doc                             \
        vports.doc                              \
        weak-set.doc                            \
-       weak-table.doc                          \
        weak-vector.doc
 
 EXTRA_DOT_DOC_FILES = @EXTRA_DOT_DOC_FILES@
@@ -685,7 +682,6 @@ modinclude_HEADERS =                                \
        vm.h                                    \
        vports.h                                \
        weak-set.h                              \
-       weak-table.h                            \
        weak-vector.h
 
 nodist_modinclude_HEADERS = version.h scmconfig.h
diff --git a/libguile/evalext.c b/libguile/evalext.c
index 33205a2ca..e381daa65 100644
--- a/libguile/evalext.c
+++ b/libguile/evalext.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 
2012, 2013, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 
2012, 2013, 2015, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_self_evaluating_p, "self-evaluating?", 1, 0, 
0,
        case scm_tc7_pointer:
        case scm_tc7_hashtable:
        case scm_tc7_weak_set:
-       case scm_tc7_weak_table:
        case scm_tc7_fluid:
        case scm_tc7_dynamic_state:
         case scm_tc7_frame:
diff --git a/libguile/hashtab.c b/libguile/hashtab.c
index 8920e08a6..bd308c5e9 100644
--- a/libguile/hashtab.c
+++ b/libguile/hashtab.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006,
- *   2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *   2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -38,9 +38,18 @@
 #include "libguile/validate.h"
 #include "libguile/hashtab.h"
 
+#include <gc/gc_mark.h>
+#include <gc/gc_typed.h>
+
 
 
 
+/* Map the 2.0 names (on the left) to the new enum values.  */
+#define SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CAR  SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_KEY
+#define SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CDR  SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_VALUE
+
+
+
 /* A hash table is a cell containing a vector of association lists.
  *
  * Growing or shrinking, with following rehashing, is triggered when
@@ -53,6 +62,9 @@
  * The implementation stores the upper and lower number of items which
  * trigger a resize in the hashtable object.
  *
+ * Weak hash tables use weak pairs in the bucket lists rather than
+ * normal pairs.
+ *
  * Possible hash table sizes (primes) are stored in the array
  * hashtable_size.
  */
@@ -72,8 +84,213 @@ static unsigned long hashtable_size[] = {
 
 static char *s_hashtable = "hashtable";
 
+
+
+/* Helper functions and macros to deal with weak pairs.
+
+   Weak pairs need to be accessed very carefully since their components can
+   be nullified by the GC when the object they refer to becomes unreachable.
+   Hence the macros and functions below that detect such weak pairs within
+   buckets and remove them.  */
+
+
+/* Remove nullified weak pairs from ALIST such that the result contains only
+   valid pairs.  Set REMOVED_ITEMS to the number of pairs that have been
+   deleted.  */
 static SCM
-make_hash_table (unsigned long k, const char *func_name) 
+scm_fixup_weak_alist (SCM alist, size_t *removed_items)
+{
+  SCM result;
+  SCM prev = SCM_EOL;
+
+  *removed_items = 0;
+  for (result = alist;
+       scm_is_pair (alist);
+       alist = SCM_CDR (alist))
+    {
+      SCM pair = SCM_CAR (alist);
+
+      if (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (pair))
+       {
+         /* Remove from ALIST weak pair PAIR whose car/cdr has been
+            nullified by the GC.  */
+         if (scm_is_null (prev))
+           result = SCM_CDR (alist);
+         else
+           SCM_SETCDR (prev, SCM_CDR (alist));
+
+         (*removed_items)++;
+
+         /* Leave PREV unchanged.  */
+       }
+      else
+       prev = alist;
+    }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void
+vacuum_weak_hash_table (SCM table)
+{
+  SCM buckets = SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table);
+  unsigned long k = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets);
+  size_t len = SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table);
+
+  while (k--)
+    {
+      size_t removed;
+      SCM alist = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k);
+      alist = scm_fixup_weak_alist (alist, &removed);
+      if (removed <= len)
+        len -= removed;
+      else
+        {
+          /* The move to BDW-GC with Guile 2.0 introduced some bugs
+             related to weak hash tables, threads, memory usage, and the
+             alloc lock.  We were unable to fix these issues
+             satisfactorily in 2.0 but have addressed them via a rewrite
+             in 2.2.  If you see this message often, you probably want
+             to upgrade to 2.2.  */
+          fprintf (stderr, "guile: warning: weak hash table corruption "
+                   "(https://bugs.gnu.org/19180)\n");
+          len = 0;
+        }
+      SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (buckets, k, alist);
+    }
+
+  SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table, len);
+}
+
+
+/* Packed arguments for `do_weak_bucket_fixup'.  */
+struct t_fixup_args
+{
+  SCM bucket;
+  SCM *bucket_copy;
+  size_t removed_items;
+};
+
+static void *
+do_weak_bucket_fixup (void *data)
+{
+  struct t_fixup_args *args;
+  SCM pair, *copy;
+
+  args = (struct t_fixup_args *) data;
+
+  args->bucket = scm_fixup_weak_alist (args->bucket, &args->removed_items);
+
+  for (pair = args->bucket, copy = args->bucket_copy;
+       scm_is_pair (pair);
+       pair = SCM_CDR (pair), copy += 2)
+    {
+      /* At this point, all weak pairs have been removed.  */
+      assert (!SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (SCM_CAR (pair)));
+
+      /* Copy the key and value.  */
+      copy[0] = SCM_CAAR (pair);
+      copy[1] = SCM_CDAR (pair);
+    }
+
+  return args;
+}
+
+/* Lookup OBJECT in weak hash table TABLE using ASSOC.  OBJECT is searched
+   for in the alist that is the BUCKET_INDEXth element of BUCKETS.
+   Optionally update TABLE and rehash it.  */
+static SCM
+weak_bucket_assoc (SCM table, SCM buckets, size_t bucket_index,
+                  scm_t_hash_fn hash_fn,
+                  scm_t_assoc_fn assoc, SCM object, void *closure)
+{
+  SCM result;
+  SCM bucket, *strong_refs;
+  struct t_fixup_args args;
+
+  bucket = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, bucket_index);
+
+  /* Prepare STRONG_REFS as an array large enough to hold all the keys
+     and values in BUCKET.  */
+  strong_refs = alloca (scm_ilength (bucket) * 2 * sizeof (SCM));
+
+  args.bucket = bucket;
+  args.bucket_copy = strong_refs;
+
+  /* Fixup BUCKET.  Do that with the allocation lock held to avoid
+     seeing disappearing links pointing to objects that have already
+     been reclaimed (this happens when the disappearing links that point
+     to it haven't yet been cleared.)
+
+     The `do_weak_bucket_fixup' call populates STRONG_REFS with a copy
+     of BUCKET's entries after it's been fixed up.  Thus, all the
+     entries kept in BUCKET are still reachable when ASSOC sees
+     them.  */
+  GC_call_with_alloc_lock (do_weak_bucket_fixup, &args);
+
+  bucket = args.bucket;
+  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (buckets, bucket_index, bucket);
+
+  result = assoc (object, bucket, closure);
+
+  /* If we got a result, it should not have NULL fields.  */
+  if (scm_is_pair (result) && SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (result))
+    abort ();
+
+  scm_remember_upto_here_1 (strong_refs);
+
+  if (args.removed_items > 0)
+    {
+      /* Update TABLE's item count and optionally trigger a rehash.  */
+      size_t remaining;
+
+      assert (SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table) >= args.removed_items);
+
+      remaining = SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table) - args.removed_items;
+      SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table, remaining);
+
+      if (remaining < SCM_HASHTABLE_LOWER (table))
+       scm_i_rehash (table, hash_fn, closure, "weak_bucket_assoc");
+    }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+/* Packed arguments for `weak_bucket_assoc_by_hash'.  */
+struct assoc_by_hash_data
+{
+  SCM alist;
+  SCM ret;
+  scm_t_hash_predicate_fn predicate;
+  void *closure;
+};
+
+/* See scm_hash_fn_get_handle_by_hash below.  */
+static void*
+weak_bucket_assoc_by_hash (void *args)
+{
+  struct assoc_by_hash_data *data = args;
+  SCM alist = data->alist;
+
+  for (; scm_is_pair (alist); alist = SCM_CDR (alist))
+    {
+      SCM pair = SCM_CAR (alist);
+
+      if (!SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (pair)
+          && data->predicate (SCM_CAR (pair), data->closure))
+        {
+          data->ret = pair;
+          break;
+        }
+    }
+  return args;
+}
+
+
+
+static SCM
+make_hash_table (int flags, unsigned long k, const char *func_name) 
 {
   SCM vector;
   scm_t_hashtable *t;
@@ -82,6 +299,9 @@ make_hash_table (unsigned long k, const char *func_name)
     ++i;
   n = hashtable_size[i];
 
+  /* In both cases, i.e., regardless of whether we are creating a weak hash
+     table, we return a non-weak vector.  This is because the vector itself
+     is not weak in the case of a weak hash table: the alist pairs are.  */
   vector = scm_c_make_vector (n, SCM_EOL);
 
   t = scm_gc_malloc_pointerless (sizeof (*t), s_hashtable);
@@ -89,6 +309,8 @@ make_hash_table (unsigned long k, const char *func_name)
   t->n_items = 0;
   t->lower = 0;
   t->upper = 9 * n / 10;
+  t->flags = flags;
+  t->hash_fn = NULL;
 
   /* FIXME: we just need two words of storage, not three */
   return scm_double_cell (scm_tc7_hashtable, SCM_UNPACK (vector),
@@ -121,6 +343,13 @@ scm_i_rehash (SCM table,
       if (i >= HASHTABLE_SIZE_N)
        /* don't rehash */
        return;
+
+      /* Remember HASH_FN for rehash_after_gc, but only when CLOSURE
+        is not needed since CLOSURE can not be guaranteed to be valid
+        after this function returns.
+      */
+      if (closure == NULL)
+       SCM_HASHTABLE (table)->hash_fn = hash_fn;
     }
   SCM_HASHTABLE (table)->size_index = i;
   
@@ -134,6 +363,13 @@ scm_i_rehash (SCM table,
 
   new_buckets = scm_c_make_vector (new_size, SCM_EOL);
 
+  /* When this is a weak hashtable, running the GC might change it.
+     We need to cope with this while rehashing its elements.  We do
+     this by first installing the new, empty bucket vector.  Then we
+     remove the elements from the old bucket vector and insert them
+     into the new one.
+  */
+
   SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table, new_buckets);
   SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (table, 0);
 
@@ -153,6 +389,10 @@ scm_i_rehash (SCM table,
          handle = SCM_CAR (cell);
          ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
 
+         if (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (handle))
+           /* HANDLE is a nullified weak pair: skip it.  */
+           continue;
+
          h = hash_fn (SCM_CAR (handle), new_size, closure);
          if (h >= new_size)
            scm_out_of_range (func_name, scm_from_ulong (h));
@@ -167,7 +407,14 @@ scm_i_rehash (SCM table,
 void
 scm_i_hashtable_print (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
 {
-  scm_puts ("#<hash-table ", port);
+  scm_puts ("#<", port);
+  if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_KEY_P (exp))
+    scm_puts ("weak-key-", port);
+  else if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_VALUE_P (exp))
+    scm_puts ("weak-value-", port);
+  else if (SCM_HASHTABLE_DOUBLY_WEAK_P (exp))
+    scm_puts ("doubly-weak-", port);
+  scm_puts ("hash-table ", port);
   scm_uintprint (SCM_UNPACK (exp), 16, port);
   scm_putc (' ', port);
   scm_uintprint (SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS (exp), 10, port);
@@ -181,7 +428,7 @@ scm_i_hashtable_print (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state 
*pstate)
 SCM
 scm_c_make_hash_table (unsigned long k)
 {
-  return make_hash_table (k, "scm_c_make_hash_table");
+  return make_hash_table (0, k, "scm_c_make_hash_table");
 }
 
 SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_hash_table, "make-hash-table", 0, 1, 0,
@@ -189,18 +436,171 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_hash_table, "make-hash-table", 0, 
1, 0,
            "Make a new abstract hash table object with minimum number of 
buckets @var{n}\n")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_hash_table
 {
-  return make_hash_table (SCM_UNBNDP (n) ? 0 : scm_to_ulong (n), FUNC_NAME);
+  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n))
+    return make_hash_table (0, 0, FUNC_NAME);
+  else
+    return make_hash_table (0, scm_to_ulong (n), FUNC_NAME);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+/* The before-gc C hook only runs if GC_set_start_callback is available,
+   so if not, fall back on a finalizer-based implementation.  */
+static int
+weak_gc_callback (void **weak)
+{
+  void *val = weak[0];
+  void (*callback) (SCM) = weak[1];
+
+  if (!val)
+    return 0;
+
+  callback (PTR2SCM (val));
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GC_SET_START_CALLBACK
+static void*
+weak_gc_hook (void *hook_data, void *fn_data, void *data)
+{
+  if (!weak_gc_callback (fn_data))
+    scm_c_hook_remove (&scm_before_gc_c_hook, weak_gc_hook, fn_data);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+#else
+static void
+weak_gc_finalizer (void *ptr, void *data)
+{
+  if (weak_gc_callback (ptr))
+    GC_REGISTER_FINALIZER_NO_ORDER (ptr, weak_gc_finalizer, data, NULL, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+scm_c_register_weak_gc_callback (SCM obj, void (*callback) (SCM))
+{
+  void **weak = GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC (sizeof (void*) * 2);
+
+  weak[0] = SCM2PTR (obj);
+  weak[1] = (void*)callback;
+  GC_GENERAL_REGISTER_DISAPPEARING_LINK (weak, SCM2PTR (obj));
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GC_SET_START_CALLBACK
+  scm_c_hook_add (&scm_before_gc_c_hook, weak_gc_hook, weak, 0);
+#else
+  GC_REGISTER_FINALIZER_NO_ORDER (weak, weak_gc_finalizer, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_weak_key_hash_table, "make-weak-key-hash-table", 0, 1, 0,
+           (SCM n),
+           "@deffnx {Scheme Procedure} make-weak-value-hash-table size\n"
+           "@deffnx {Scheme Procedure} make-doubly-weak-hash-table size\n"
+           "Return a weak hash table with @var{size} buckets.\n"
+           "\n"
+           "You can modify weak hash tables in exactly the same way you\n"
+           "would modify regular hash tables. (@pxref{Hash Tables})")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_weak_key_hash_table
+{
+  SCM ret;
+
+  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n))
+    ret = make_hash_table (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CAR, 0, FUNC_NAME);
+  else
+    ret = make_hash_table (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CAR,
+                           scm_to_ulong (n), FUNC_NAME);
+
+  scm_c_register_weak_gc_callback (ret, vacuum_weak_hash_table);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_weak_value_hash_table, "make-weak-value-hash-table", 0, 
1, 0,
+            (SCM n),
+           "Return a hash table with weak values with @var{size} buckets.\n"
+           "(@pxref{Hash Tables})")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_weak_value_hash_table
+{
+  SCM ret;
+
+  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n))
+    ret = make_hash_table (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CDR, 0, FUNC_NAME);
+  else
+    ret = make_hash_table (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CDR,
+                           scm_to_ulong (n), FUNC_NAME);
+
+  scm_c_register_weak_gc_callback (ret, vacuum_weak_hash_table);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_doubly_weak_hash_table, "make-doubly-weak-hash-table", 0, 
1, 0,
+            (SCM n),
+           "Return a hash table with weak keys and values with @var{size}\n"
+           "buckets.  (@pxref{Hash Tables})")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_doubly_weak_hash_table
+{
+  SCM ret;
+
+  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n))
+    ret = make_hash_table (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CAR | SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CDR,
+                           0, FUNC_NAME);
+  else
+    ret = make_hash_table (SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CAR | SCM_HASHTABLEF_WEAK_CDR,
+                           scm_to_ulong (n), FUNC_NAME);
+
+  scm_c_register_weak_gc_callback (ret, vacuum_weak_hash_table);
+
+  return ret;
 }
 #undef FUNC_NAME
 
-#define SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P(x) (scm_is_true (scm_weak_table_p (x)))
 
 SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_table_p, "hash-table?", 1, 0, 0, 
             (SCM obj),
            "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is an abstract hash table object.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_table_p
 {
-  return scm_from_bool (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (obj) || SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (obj));
+  return scm_from_bool (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (obj));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_weak_key_hash_table_p, "weak-key-hash-table?", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "@deffnx {Scheme Procedure} weak-value-hash-table? obj\n"
+           "@deffnx {Scheme Procedure} doubly-weak-hash-table? obj\n"
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is the specified weak hash\n"
+           "table. Note that a doubly weak hash table is neither a weak key\n"
+           "nor a weak value hash table.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_weak_key_hash_table_p
+{
+  return scm_from_bool (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (obj) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_KEY_P 
(obj));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_weak_value_hash_table_p, "weak-value-hash-table?", 1, 0, 0,
+            (SCM obj),
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is a weak value hash table.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_weak_value_hash_table_p
+{
+  return scm_from_bool (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (obj) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_VALUE_P 
(obj));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_doubly_weak_hash_table_p, "doubly-weak-hash-table?", 1, 0, 0,
+            (SCM obj),
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is a doubly weak hash table.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_doubly_weak_hash_table_p
+{
+  return scm_from_bool (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (obj) && SCM_HASHTABLE_DOUBLY_WEAK_P 
(obj));
 }
 #undef FUNC_NAME
 
@@ -226,7 +626,69 @@ scm_hash_fn_get_handle (SCM table, SCM obj,
   if (k >= SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets))
     scm_out_of_range (FUNC_NAME, scm_from_ulong (k));
 
-  h = assoc_fn (obj, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k), closure);
+  if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table))
+    h = weak_bucket_assoc (table, buckets, k, hash_fn,
+                          assoc_fn, obj, closure);
+  else
+    h = assoc_fn (obj, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k), closure);
+
+  return h;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+/* This procedure implements three optimizations, with respect to the
+   raw get_handle():
+
+   1. For weak tables, it's assumed that calling the predicate in the
+      allocation lock is safe. In practice this means that the predicate
+      cannot call arbitrary scheme functions. 
+
+   2. We don't check for overflow / underflow and rehash.
+
+   3. We don't actually have to allocate a key -- instead we get the
+      hash value directly. This is useful for, for example, looking up
+      strings in the symbol table.
+ */
+SCM
+scm_hash_fn_get_handle_by_hash (SCM table, unsigned long raw_hash,
+                                scm_t_hash_predicate_fn predicate_fn,
+                                void *closure)
+#define FUNC_NAME "scm_hash_fn_ref_by_hash"
+{
+  unsigned long k;
+  SCM buckets, alist, h = SCM_BOOL_F;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (SCM_ARG1, table);
+  buckets = SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table);
+
+  if (SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets) == 0)
+    return SCM_BOOL_F;
+
+  k = raw_hash % SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets);
+  alist = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k);
+
+  if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table))
+    {
+      struct assoc_by_hash_data args;
+
+      args.alist = alist;
+      args.ret = SCM_BOOL_F;
+      args.predicate = predicate_fn;
+      args.closure = closure;
+      GC_call_with_alloc_lock (weak_bucket_assoc_by_hash, &args);
+      h = args.ret;
+    }
+  else
+    for (; scm_is_pair (alist); alist = SCM_CDR (alist))
+      {
+        SCM pair = SCM_CAR (alist);
+        if (predicate_fn (SCM_CAR (pair), closure))
+          {
+            h = pair;
+            break;
+          }
+      }
 
   return h;
 }
@@ -252,7 +714,11 @@ scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (SCM table, SCM obj, SCM init,
   if (k >= SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets))
     scm_out_of_range ("hash_fn_create_handle_x", scm_from_ulong (k));
 
-  it = assoc_fn (obj, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k), closure);
+  if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table))
+    it = weak_bucket_assoc (table, buckets, k, hash_fn,
+                           assoc_fn, obj, closure);
+  else
+    it = assoc_fn (obj, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k), closure);
 
   if (scm_is_pair (it))
     return it;
@@ -260,9 +726,29 @@ scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (SCM table, SCM obj, SCM init,
     scm_wrong_type_arg_msg (NULL, 0, it, "a pair");
   else
     {
+      /* When this is a weak hashtable, running the GC can change it.
+        Thus, we must allocate the new cells first and can only then
+        access BUCKETS.  Also, we need to fetch the bucket vector
+        again since the hashtable might have been rehashed.  This
+        necessitates a new hash value as well.
+      */
       SCM handle, new_bucket;
 
-      handle = scm_cons (obj, init);
+      if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table))
+       {
+         /* FIXME: We don't support weak alist vectors.  */
+         /* Use a weak cell.  */
+         if (SCM_HASHTABLE_DOUBLY_WEAK_P (table))
+           handle = scm_doubly_weak_pair (obj, init);
+         else if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_KEY_P (table))
+           handle = scm_weak_car_pair (obj, init);
+         else
+           handle = scm_weak_cdr_pair (obj, init);
+       }
+      else
+       /* Use a regular, non-weak cell.  */
+       handle = scm_cons (obj, init);
+
       new_bucket = scm_cons (handle, SCM_EOL);
 
       if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table), buckets))
@@ -298,6 +784,36 @@ scm_hash_fn_ref (SCM table, SCM obj, SCM dflt,
     return dflt;
 }
 
+struct weak_cdr_data
+{
+  SCM pair;
+  SCM cdr;
+};
+
+static void*
+get_weak_cdr (void *data)
+{
+  struct weak_cdr_data *d = data;
+
+  if (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CDR_DELETED_P (d->pair))
+    d->cdr = SCM_BOOL_F;
+  else
+    d->cdr = SCM_CDR (d->pair);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static SCM
+weak_pair_cdr (SCM x)
+{
+  struct weak_cdr_data data;
+
+  data.pair = x;
+  GC_call_with_alloc_lock (get_weak_cdr, &data);
+
+  return data.cdr;
+}
+
 SCM
 scm_hash_fn_set_x (SCM table, SCM obj, SCM val,
                   scm_t_hash_fn hash_fn, scm_t_assoc_fn assoc_fn,
@@ -309,7 +825,24 @@ scm_hash_fn_set_x (SCM table, SCM obj, SCM val,
                                       hash_fn, assoc_fn, closure);
 
   if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_CDR (pair), val))
-    SCM_SETCDR (pair, val);
+    {
+      if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_VALUE_P (table)))
+        {
+          /* If the former value was on the heap, we need to unregister
+             the weak link.  */
+          SCM prev = weak_pair_cdr (pair);
+
+          SCM_SETCDR (pair, val);
+
+          if (SCM_NIMP (prev) && !SCM_NIMP (val))
+            GC_unregister_disappearing_link ((void **) SCM_CDRLOC (pair));
+          else
+            SCM_I_REGISTER_DISAPPEARING_LINK ((void **) SCM_CDRLOC (pair),
+                                              SCM2PTR (val));
+        }
+      else
+        SCM_SETCDR (pair, val);
+    }
   
   return val;
 }
@@ -336,7 +869,11 @@ scm_hash_fn_remove_x (SCM table, SCM obj,
   if (k >= SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (buckets))
     scm_out_of_range (FUNC_NAME, scm_from_ulong (k));
 
-  h = assoc_fn (obj, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k), closure);
+  if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table))
+    h = weak_bucket_assoc (table, buckets, k, hash_fn,
+                          assoc_fn, obj, closure);
+  else
+    h = assoc_fn (obj, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (buckets, k), closure);
 
   if (scm_is_true (h))
     {
@@ -355,12 +892,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_clear_x, "hash-clear!", 1, 0, 0,
            "Remove all items from @var{table} (without triggering a resize).")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_clear_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_weak_table_clear_x (table);
-      return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
-    }
-
   SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (SCM_ARG1, table);
 
   scm_vector_fill_x (SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table), SCM_EOL);
@@ -380,6 +911,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashq_get_handle, "hashq-get-handle", 2, 0, 
0,
            "Uses @code{eq?} for equality testing.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashq_get_handle
 {
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   return scm_hash_fn_get_handle (table, key,
                                 (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashq,
                                 (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assq,
@@ -395,6 +929,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashq_create_handle_x, 
"hashq-create-handle!", 3, 0, 0,
            "associates @var{key} with @var{init}.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashq_create_handle_x
 {
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   return scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (table, key, init,
                                      (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashq,
                                      (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assq,
@@ -413,10 +950,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashq_ref, "hashq-ref", 2, 1, 0,
 {
   if (SCM_UNBNDP (dflt))
     dflt = SCM_BOOL_F;
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    return scm_weak_table_refq (table, key, dflt);
-
   return scm_hash_fn_ref (table, key, dflt,
                          (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashq,
                          (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assq,
@@ -432,12 +965,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashq_set_x, "hashq-set!", 3, 0, 0,
            "store @var{val} there. Uses @code{eq?} for equality testing.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashq_set_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_weak_table_putq_x (table, key, val);
-      return val;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_set_x (table, key, val,
                            (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashq,
                            (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assq,
@@ -453,16 +980,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashq_remove_x, "hashq-remove!", 2, 0, 0,
            "@var{table}.  Uses @code{eq?} for equality tests.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashq_remove_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_weak_table_remq_x (table, key);
-      /* This return value is for historical compatibility with
-         hash-remove!, which returns either the "handle" corresponding
-         to the entry, or #f.  Since weak tables don't have handles, we
-         have to return #f.  */
-      return SCM_BOOL_F;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_remove_x (table, key,
                               (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashq,
                               (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assq,
@@ -481,6 +998,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_get_handle, "hashv-get-handle", 2, 0, 
0,
            "Uses @code{eqv?} for equality testing.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashv_get_handle
 {
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   return scm_hash_fn_get_handle (table, key,
                                 (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashv,
                                 (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assv,
@@ -496,6 +1016,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_create_handle_x, 
"hashv-create-handle!", 3, 0, 0,
            "associates @var{key} with @var{init}.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashv_create_handle_x
 {
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   return scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (table, key, init,
                                      (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashv,
                                      (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assv,
@@ -504,12 +1027,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_create_handle_x, 
"hashv-create-handle!", 3, 0, 0,
 #undef FUNC_NAME
 
 
-static int
-assv_predicate (SCM k, SCM v, void *closure)
-{
-  return scm_is_true (scm_eqv_p (k, SCM_PACK_POINTER (closure)));
-}
-
 SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_ref, "hashv-ref", 2, 1, 0,
             (SCM table, SCM key, SCM dflt),
            "Look up @var{key} in the hash table @var{table}, and return the\n"
@@ -520,12 +1037,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_ref, "hashv-ref", 2, 1, 0,
 {
   if (SCM_UNBNDP (dflt))
     dflt = SCM_BOOL_F;
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    return scm_c_weak_table_ref (table, scm_ihashv (key, -1),
-                                 assv_predicate,
-                                 (void *) SCM_UNPACK (key), dflt);
-
   return scm_hash_fn_ref (table, key, dflt,
                          (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashv,
                          (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assv,
@@ -541,14 +1052,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_set_x, "hashv-set!", 3, 0, 0,
            "store @var{value} there. Uses @code{eqv?} for equality testing.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashv_set_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_c_weak_table_put_x (table, scm_ihashv (key, -1),
-                              assv_predicate, (void *) SCM_UNPACK (key),
-                              key, val);
-      return val;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_set_x (table, key, val,
                            (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashv,
                            (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assv,
@@ -563,14 +1066,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashv_remove_x, "hashv-remove!", 2, 0, 0,
            "@var{table}.  Uses @code{eqv?} for equality tests.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hashv_remove_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_c_weak_table_remove_x (table, scm_ihashv (key, -1),
-                                 assv_predicate, (void *) SCM_UNPACK (key));
-      /* See note in hashq-remove!.  */
-      return SCM_BOOL_F;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_remove_x (table, key,
                               (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashv,
                               (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assv,
@@ -588,6 +1083,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_get_handle, "hash-get-handle", 2, 0, 
0,
            "Uses @code{equal?} for equality testing.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_get_handle
 {
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   return scm_hash_fn_get_handle (table, key,
                                 (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihash,
                                 (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assoc,
@@ -603,6 +1101,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_create_handle_x, 
"hash-create-handle!", 3, 0, 0,
            "associates @var{key} with @var{init}.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_create_handle_x
 {
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   return scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (table, key, init,
                                      (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihash,
                                      (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assoc,
@@ -611,12 +1112,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_create_handle_x, 
"hash-create-handle!", 3, 0, 0,
 #undef FUNC_NAME
 
 
-static int
-assoc_predicate (SCM k, SCM v, void *closure)
-{
-  return scm_is_true (scm_equal_p (k, SCM_PACK_POINTER (closure)));
-}
-
 SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_ref, "hash-ref", 2, 1, 0,
             (SCM table, SCM key, SCM dflt),
            "Look up @var{key} in the hash table @var{table}, and return the\n"
@@ -627,12 +1122,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_ref, "hash-ref", 2, 1, 0,
 {
   if (SCM_UNBNDP (dflt))
     dflt = SCM_BOOL_F;
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    return scm_c_weak_table_ref (table, scm_ihash (key, -1),
-                                 assoc_predicate,
-                                 (void *) SCM_UNPACK (key), dflt);
-
   return scm_hash_fn_ref (table, key, dflt,
                          (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihash,
                          (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assoc,
@@ -649,14 +1138,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_set_x, "hash-set!", 3, 0, 0,
            "testing.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_set_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_c_weak_table_put_x (table, scm_ihash (key, -1),
-                              assoc_predicate, (void *) SCM_UNPACK (key),
-                              key, val);
-      return val;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_set_x (table, key, val,
                            (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihash,
                            (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assoc,
@@ -672,14 +1153,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_remove_x, "hash-remove!", 2, 0, 0,
            "@var{table}.  Uses @code{equal?} for equality tests.")
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_remove_x
 {
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_c_weak_table_remove_x (table, scm_ihash (key, -1),
-                                 assoc_predicate, (void *) SCM_UNPACK (key));
-      /* See note in hashq-remove!.  */
-      return SCM_BOOL_F;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_remove_x (table, key,
                               (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihash,
                               (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assoc,
@@ -694,9 +1167,10 @@ typedef struct scm_t_ihashx_closure
 {
   SCM hash;
   SCM assoc;
-  SCM key;
 } scm_t_ihashx_closure;
 
+
+
 static unsigned long
 scm_ihashx (SCM obj, unsigned long n, void *arg)
 {
@@ -706,6 +1180,8 @@ scm_ihashx (SCM obj, unsigned long n, void *arg)
   return scm_to_ulong (answer);
 }
 
+
+
 static SCM
 scm_sloppy_assx (SCM obj, SCM alist, void *arg)
 {
@@ -713,20 +1189,6 @@ scm_sloppy_assx (SCM obj, SCM alist, void *arg)
   return scm_call_2 (closure->assoc, obj, alist);
 }
 
-static int
-assx_predicate (SCM k, SCM v, void *closure)
-{
-  scm_t_ihashx_closure *c = (scm_t_ihashx_closure *) closure;
-
-  /* FIXME: The hashx interface is crazy.  Hash tables have nothing to
-     do with alists in principle.  Instead of getting an assoc proc,
-     hashx functions should use an equality predicate.  Perhaps we can
-     change this before 2.2, but until then, add a terrible, terrible
-     hack.  */
-
-  return scm_is_true (scm_call_2 (c->assoc, c->key, scm_acons (k, v, 
SCM_EOL)));
-}
-
 
 SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashx_get_handle, "hashx-get-handle", 4, 0, 0, 
             (SCM hash, SCM assoc, SCM table, SCM key),
@@ -741,7 +1203,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashx_get_handle, "hashx-get-handle", 4, 
0, 0,
   scm_t_ihashx_closure closure;
   closure.hash = hash;
   closure.assoc = assoc;
-  closure.key = key;
+
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
 
   return scm_hash_fn_get_handle (table, key, scm_ihashx, scm_sloppy_assx,
                                 (void *) &closure);
@@ -762,7 +1226,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashx_create_handle_x, 
"hashx-create-handle!", 5, 0, 0,
   scm_t_ihashx_closure closure;
   closure.hash = hash;
   closure.assoc = assoc;
-  closure.key = key;
+
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_P (table) && SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
 
   return scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (table, key, init, scm_ihashx,
                                      scm_sloppy_assx, (void *)&closure);
@@ -789,15 +1255,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashx_ref, "hashx-ref", 4, 1, 0,
     dflt = SCM_BOOL_F;
   closure.hash = hash;
   closure.assoc = assoc;
-  closure.key = key;
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      unsigned long h = scm_to_ulong (scm_call_2 (hash, key,
-                                                  scm_from_ulong (-1)));
-      return scm_c_weak_table_ref (table, h, assx_predicate, &closure, dflt);
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_ref (table, key, dflt, scm_ihashx, scm_sloppy_assx,
                          (void *)&closure);
 }
@@ -822,16 +1279,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashx_set_x, "hashx-set!", 5, 0, 0,
   scm_t_ihashx_closure closure;
   closure.hash = hash;
   closure.assoc = assoc;
-  closure.key = key;
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      unsigned long h = scm_to_ulong (scm_call_2 (hash, key,
-                                                  scm_from_ulong (-1)));
-      scm_c_weak_table_put_x (table, h, assx_predicate, &closure, key, val);
-      return val;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_set_x (table, key, val, scm_ihashx, scm_sloppy_assx,
                            (void *)&closure);
 }
@@ -853,17 +1300,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hashx_remove_x, "hashx-remove!", 4, 0, 0,
   scm_t_ihashx_closure closure;
   closure.hash = hash;
   closure.assoc = assoc;
-  closure.key = obj;
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      unsigned long h = scm_to_ulong (scm_call_2 (hash, obj,
-                                                  scm_from_ulong (-1)));
-      scm_c_weak_table_remove_x (table, h, assx_predicate, &closure);
-      /* See note in hashq-remove!.  */
-      return SCM_BOOL_F;
-    }
-
   return scm_hash_fn_remove_x (table, obj, scm_ihashx, scm_sloppy_assx,
                                (void *) &closure);
 }
@@ -884,10 +1320,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_fold, "hash-fold", 3, 0, 0,
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_fold
 {
   SCM_VALIDATE_PROC (1, proc);
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    return scm_weak_table_fold (proc, init, table);
-
   SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (3, table);
   return scm_internal_hash_fold ((scm_t_hash_fold_fn) scm_call_3,
                                 (void *) SCM_UNPACK (proc), init, table);
@@ -909,13 +1341,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_for_each, "hash-for-each", 2, 0, 0,
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_for_each
 {
   SCM_VALIDATE_PROC (1, proc);
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    {
-      scm_weak_table_for_each (proc, table);
-      return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
-    }
-
   SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (2, table);
   
   scm_internal_hash_for_each_handle (for_each_proc,
@@ -934,6 +1359,9 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_for_each_handle, 
"hash-for-each-handle", 2, 0, 0,
   SCM_ASSERT (scm_is_true (scm_procedure_p (proc)), proc, 1, FUNC_NAME);
   SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (2, table);
   
+  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Handle access not permitted on weak table", SCM_EOL);
+
   scm_internal_hash_for_each_handle ((scm_t_hash_handle_fn) scm_call_1,
                                     (void *) SCM_UNPACK (proc),
                                     table);
@@ -956,10 +1384,6 @@ SCM_DEFINE (scm_hash_map_to_list, "hash-map->list", 2, 0, 
0,
 #define FUNC_NAME s_scm_hash_map_to_list
 {
   SCM_VALIDATE_PROC (1, proc);
-
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    return scm_weak_table_map_to_list (proc, table);
-
   SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (2, table);
   return scm_internal_hash_fold (map_proc,
                                 (void *) SCM_UNPACK (proc),
@@ -1005,9 +1429,6 @@ scm_internal_hash_fold (scm_t_hash_fold_fn fn, void 
*closure,
   long i, n;
   SCM buckets, result = init;
   
-  if (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_P (table))
-    return scm_c_weak_table_fold (fn, closure, init, table);
-
   SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE (0, table);
   buckets = SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR (table);
   
@@ -1020,7 +1441,14 @@ scm_internal_hash_fold (scm_t_hash_fold_fn fn, void 
*closure,
           ls = SCM_CDR (ls))
        {
          handle = SCM_CAR (ls);
-          result = fn (closure, SCM_CAR (handle), SCM_CDR (handle), result);
+
+         if (SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table) && SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (handle))
+            /* Don't try to unlink this weak pair, as we're not within
+               the allocation lock.  Instead rely on
+               vacuum_weak_hash_table to do its job.  */
+            continue;
+          else
+            result = fn (closure, SCM_CAR (handle), SCM_CDR (handle), result);
        }
     }
 
@@ -1056,7 +1484,9 @@ scm_internal_hash_for_each_handle (scm_t_hash_handle_fn 
fn, void *closure,
          handle = SCM_CAR (ls);
          if (!scm_is_pair (handle))
            SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG3, buckets);
-         fn (closure, handle);
+          if (!SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P (table)
+              || !SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P (handle))
+            fn (closure, handle);
          ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
        }
     }
@@ -1064,11 +1494,137 @@ scm_internal_hash_for_each_handle 
(scm_t_hash_handle_fn fn, void *closure,
 #undef FUNC_NAME
 
 
+/* Weak pairs for use in weak alist vectors and weak hash tables.
+
+   We have weal-car pairs, weak-cdr pairs, and doubly weak pairs.  In weak
+   pairs, the weak component(s) are not scanned for pointers and are
+   registered as disapperaring links; therefore, the weak component may be
+   set to NULL by the garbage collector when no other reference to that word
+   exist.  Thus, users should only access weak pairs via the
+   `SCM_WEAK_PAIR_C[AD]R ()' macros.  See also `scm_fixup_weak_alist ()' in
+   `hashtab.c'.  */
+
+/* Type descriptors for weak-c[ad]r pairs.  */
+static GC_descr wcar_pair_descr, wcdr_pair_descr;
+
+
+SCM
+scm_weak_car_pair (SCM car, SCM cdr)
+{
+  scm_t_cell *cell;
+
+  cell = (scm_t_cell *)GC_malloc_explicitly_typed (sizeof (*cell),
+                                                  wcar_pair_descr);
+
+  cell->word_0 = car;
+  cell->word_1 = cdr;
+
+  if (SCM_NIMP (car))
+    /* Weak car cells make sense iff the car is non-immediate.  */
+    SCM_I_REGISTER_DISAPPEARING_LINK ((void **) &cell->word_0, SCM2PTR (car));
+
+  return (SCM_PACK (cell));
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_weak_cdr_pair (SCM car, SCM cdr)
+{
+  scm_t_cell *cell;
+
+  cell = (scm_t_cell *)GC_malloc_explicitly_typed (sizeof (*cell),
+                                                  wcdr_pair_descr);
+
+  cell->word_0 = car;
+  cell->word_1 = cdr;
+
+  if (SCM_NIMP (cdr))
+    /* Weak cdr cells make sense iff the cdr is non-immediate.  */
+    SCM_I_REGISTER_DISAPPEARING_LINK ((void **) &cell->word_1, SCM2PTR (cdr));
+
+  return (SCM_PACK (cell));
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_doubly_weak_pair (SCM car, SCM cdr)
+{
+  /* Doubly weak cells shall not be scanned at all for pointers.  */
+  scm_t_cell *cell = (scm_t_cell *)scm_gc_malloc_pointerless (sizeof (*cell),
+                                                             "weak cell");
+
+  cell->word_0 = car;
+  cell->word_1 = cdr;
+
+  if (SCM_NIMP (car))
+    SCM_I_REGISTER_DISAPPEARING_LINK ((void **) &cell->word_0, SCM2PTR (car));
+  if (SCM_NIMP (cdr))
+    SCM_I_REGISTER_DISAPPEARING_LINK ((void **) &cell->word_1, SCM2PTR (cdr));
+
+  return (SCM_PACK (cell));
+}
+
+
+/* Backward-compatibility with the former internal weak-table API.  */
+
+SCM
+scm_weak_table_refq (SCM table, SCM key, SCM dflt)
+{
+  return scm_hash_fn_ref (table, key, dflt,
+                         (scm_t_hash_fn) scm_ihashq,
+                         (scm_t_assoc_fn) scm_sloppy_assq,
+                         0);
+}
+
+void
+scm_weak_table_putq_x (SCM table, SCM key, SCM value)
+{
+  (void) scm_hashq_set_x (table, key, value);
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_c_make_weak_table (unsigned long size, scm_t_weak_table_kind kind)
+{
+  switch (kind)
+    {
+    case SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_KEY:
+      return scm_make_weak_key_hash_table (scm_from_ulong (size));
+    case SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_VALUE:
+      return scm_make_weak_value_hash_table (scm_from_ulong (size));
+    case SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_BOTH:
+      return scm_make_doubly_weak_hash_table (scm_from_ulong (size));
+    default:
+      abort ();
+    }
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_c_weak_table_fold (scm_t_hash_fold_fn fn, void *closure,
+                      SCM init, SCM table)
+{
+  return scm_internal_hash_fold (fn, closure, init, table);
+}
+
+
 
 
 void
 scm_init_hashtab ()
 {
+  /* Initialize weak pairs.  */
+  GC_word wcar_pair_bitmap[GC_BITMAP_SIZE (scm_t_cell)] = { 0 };
+  GC_word wcdr_pair_bitmap[GC_BITMAP_SIZE (scm_t_cell)] = { 0 };
+
+  /* In a weak-car pair, only the second word must be scanned for
+     pointers.  */
+  GC_set_bit (wcar_pair_bitmap, GC_WORD_OFFSET (scm_t_cell, word_1));
+  wcar_pair_descr = GC_make_descriptor (wcar_pair_bitmap,
+                                       GC_WORD_LEN (scm_t_cell));
+
+  /* Conversely, in a weak-cdr pair, only the first word must be scanned for
+     pointers.  */
+  GC_set_bit (wcdr_pair_bitmap, GC_WORD_OFFSET (scm_t_cell, word_0));
+  wcdr_pair_descr = GC_make_descriptor (wcdr_pair_bitmap,
+                                       GC_WORD_LEN (scm_t_cell));
+
 #include "libguile/hashtab.x"
 }
 
diff --git a/libguile/hashtab.h b/libguile/hashtab.h
index 82ed22e66..19caea5dc 100644
--- a/libguile/hashtab.h
+++ b/libguile/hashtab.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #ifndef SCM_HASHTAB_H
 #define SCM_HASHTAB_H
 
-/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1999,2000,2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011 
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1999,2000,2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2017 
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -25,14 +25,34 @@
 
 #include "libguile/__scm.h"
 
+#include "libguile/weak-list.h"
+
 
 
 #define SCM_HASHTABLE_P(x) (SCM_HAS_TYP7 (x, scm_tc7_hashtable))
+
+/* Types of weak hash tables.  */
+typedef enum {
+  SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_KEY = 1,
+  SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_VALUE = 2,
+  SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_BOTH = 1 | 2
+} scm_t_weak_table_kind;
+
 #define SCM_VALIDATE_HASHTABLE(pos, arg) \
   SCM_MAKE_VALIDATE_MSG (pos, arg, HASHTABLE_P, "hash-table")
 #define SCM_HASHTABLE_VECTOR(h)  SCM_CELL_OBJECT_1 (h)
 #define SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_VECTOR(x, v) SCM_SET_CELL_OBJECT_1 ((x), (v))
 #define SCM_HASHTABLE(x)          ((scm_t_hashtable *) SCM_CELL_WORD_2 (x))
+#define SCM_HASHTABLE_FLAGS(x)    (SCM_HASHTABLE (x)->flags)
+#define SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_KEY_P(x) \
+  (SCM_HASHTABLE_FLAGS (x) & SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_KEY)
+#define SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_VALUE_P(x) \
+  (SCM_HASHTABLE_FLAGS (x) & SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_VALUE)
+#define SCM_HASHTABLE_DOUBLY_WEAK_P(x)                         \
+  ((SCM_HASHTABLE_FLAGS (x)                                    \
+    & (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_KEY | SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_VALUE))   \
+   == (SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_KEY | SCM_WEAK_TABLE_KIND_VALUE))
+#define SCM_HASHTABLE_WEAK_P(x)           SCM_HASHTABLE_FLAGS (x)
 #define SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS(x)   (SCM_HASHTABLE (x)->n_items)
 #define SCM_SET_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS(x, n)   (SCM_HASHTABLE (x)->n_items = n)
 #define SCM_HASHTABLE_INCREMENT(x) (SCM_HASHTABLE_N_ITEMS(x)++)
@@ -55,6 +75,10 @@ typedef unsigned long (*scm_t_hash_fn) (SCM obj, unsigned 
long max,
    some equality predicate.  */
 typedef SCM (*scm_t_assoc_fn) (SCM obj, SCM alist, void *closure);
 
+/* Function that returns true if the given object is the one we are
+   looking for, for scm_hash_fn_ref_by_hash.  */
+typedef int (*scm_t_hash_predicate_fn) (SCM obj, void *closure);
+
 /* Function to fold over the entries of a hash table.  */
 typedef SCM (*scm_t_hash_fold_fn) (void *closure, SCM key, SCM value,
                                   SCM result);
@@ -64,6 +88,7 @@ typedef SCM (*scm_t_hash_fold_fn) (void *closure, SCM key, 
SCM value,
 typedef SCM (*scm_t_hash_handle_fn) (void *closure, SCM handle);
 
 typedef struct scm_t_hashtable {
+  int flags;                   /* properties of table */
   unsigned long n_items;       /* number of items in table */
   unsigned long lower;         /* when to shrink */
   unsigned long upper;         /* when to grow */
@@ -77,8 +102,14 @@ typedef struct scm_t_hashtable {
 SCM_API SCM scm_vector_to_hash_table (SCM vector);
 SCM_API SCM scm_c_make_hash_table (unsigned long k);
 SCM_API SCM scm_make_hash_table (SCM n);
+SCM_API SCM scm_make_weak_key_hash_table (SCM k);
+SCM_API SCM scm_make_weak_value_hash_table (SCM k);
+SCM_API SCM scm_make_doubly_weak_hash_table (SCM k);
 
 SCM_API SCM scm_hash_table_p (SCM h);
+SCM_API SCM scm_weak_key_hash_table_p (SCM h);
+SCM_API SCM scm_weak_value_hash_table_p (SCM h);
+SCM_API SCM scm_doubly_weak_hash_table_p (SCM h);
 
 SCM_INTERNAL void scm_i_rehash (SCM table, scm_t_hash_fn hash_fn,
                                void *closure, const char *func_name);
@@ -88,6 +119,10 @@ SCM_API SCM scm_hash_fn_get_handle (SCM table, SCM obj,
                                    scm_t_hash_fn hash_fn,
                                    scm_t_assoc_fn assoc_fn,
                                    void *closure);
+SCM_INTERNAL
+SCM scm_hash_fn_get_handle_by_hash (SCM table, unsigned long raw_hash,
+                                    scm_t_hash_predicate_fn predicate_fn,
+                                    void *closure);
 SCM_API SCM scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (SCM table, SCM obj, SCM init,
                                         scm_t_hash_fn hash_fn,
                                         scm_t_assoc_fn assoc_fn,
@@ -138,6 +173,17 @@ SCM_API SCM scm_hash_count (SCM hash, SCM pred);
 SCM_INTERNAL void scm_i_hashtable_print (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state 
*pstate);
 SCM_INTERNAL void scm_init_hashtab (void);
 
+
+/* Guile 2.2.x (x <= 2) weak-table API.  */
+
+SCM_INTERNAL SCM scm_c_make_weak_table (unsigned long k,
+                                        scm_t_weak_table_kind kind);
+SCM_INTERNAL SCM scm_c_weak_table_fold (scm_t_hash_fold_fn proc, void *closure,
+                                       SCM init, SCM table);
+SCM_INTERNAL SCM scm_weak_table_refq (SCM table, SCM key, SCM dflt);
+SCM_INTERNAL void scm_weak_table_putq_x (SCM table, SCM key, SCM value);
+
+
 #endif  /* SCM_HASHTAB_H */
 
 /*
diff --git a/libguile/init.c b/libguile/init.c
index b046685d4..64d3f8d63 100644
--- a/libguile/init.c
+++ b/libguile/init.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1995-2004, 2006, 2009-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1995-2004, 2006, 2009-2014, 2017 Free Software Foundation, 
Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -387,7 +387,6 @@ scm_i_init_guile (void *base)
 
   scm_storage_prehistory ();
   scm_threads_prehistory (base);  /* requires storage_prehistory */
-  scm_weak_table_prehistory ();        /* requires storage_prehistory */
 #ifdef GUILE_DEBUG_MALLOC
   scm_debug_malloc_prehistory ();
 #endif
@@ -495,7 +494,6 @@ scm_i_init_guile (void *base)
   scm_init_trees ();
   scm_init_version ();
   scm_init_weak_set ();
-  scm_init_weak_table ();
   scm_init_weak_vectors ();
   scm_init_guardians (); /* requires smob_prehistory */
   scm_init_vports ();
diff --git a/libguile/print.c b/libguile/print.c
index 7667d24bb..2ed721919 100644
--- a/libguile/print.c
+++ b/libguile/print.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Copyright (C) 1995-1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008,
- *   2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *   2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017 Free Software Foundation, 
Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -701,9 +701,6 @@ iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
        case scm_tc7_weak_set:
          scm_i_weak_set_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
-       case scm_tc7_weak_table:
-         scm_i_weak_table_print (exp, port, pstate);
-         break;
        case scm_tc7_fluid:
          scm_i_fluid_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
diff --git a/libguile/procprop.c b/libguile/procprop.c
index ad56bd5ba..c906c93f8 100644
--- a/libguile/procprop.c
+++ b/libguile/procprop.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1998,2000,2001,2003,2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 
2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1998,2000,2001,2003,2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 
2011, 2012, 2013, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 #include "libguile/gsubr.h"
 #include "libguile/smob.h"
 #include "libguile/vectors.h"
-#include "libguile/weak-table.h"
+#include "libguile/hashtab.h"
 #include "libguile/programs.h"
 #include "libguile/vm-builtins.h"
 
diff --git a/libguile/tags.h b/libguile/tags.h
index 3a01a1587..9aa4d00d0 100644
--- a/libguile/tags.h
+++ b/libguile/tags.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #ifndef SCM_TAGS_H
 #define SCM_TAGS_H
 
-/* Copyright (C) 
1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015
+/* Copyright (C) 
1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2017
  * Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
@@ -423,7 +423,6 @@ typedef union SCM { struct { scm_t_bits n; } n; } SCM;
 #define scm_tc7_bytevector     0x4d
 #define scm_tc7_unused_4f      0x4f
 #define scm_tc7_weak_set       0x55
-#define scm_tc7_weak_table     0x57
 #define scm_tc7_array          0x5d
 #define scm_tc7_bitvector      0x5f
 #define scm_tc7_unused_65      0x65
diff --git a/libguile/weak-list.h b/libguile/weak-list.h
index 989cb7f0a..e8e5a3555 100644
--- a/libguile/weak-list.h
+++ b/libguile/weak-list.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #ifndef SCM_WEAK_LIST_H
 #define SCM_WEAK_LIST_H
 
-/* Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 
 #include "libguile/__scm.h"
+#include "libguile/pairs.h"
 #include "libguile/weak-vector.h"
 
 
@@ -64,6 +65,35 @@ scm_i_visit_weak_list (SCM *list_loc, void (*visit) (SCM))
 }
 
 
+
+/* Weak pairs.  */
+
+SCM_INTERNAL SCM scm_weak_car_pair (SCM car, SCM cdr);
+SCM_INTERNAL SCM scm_weak_cdr_pair (SCM car, SCM cdr);
+SCM_INTERNAL SCM scm_doubly_weak_pair (SCM car, SCM cdr);
+
+/* Testing the weak component(s) of a cell for reachability.  */
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD_DELETED_P(_cell, _word)             \
+  (SCM_UNPACK (SCM_CELL_OBJECT ((_cell), (_word))) == 0)
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CAR_DELETED_P(_cell)     \
+  (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD_DELETED_P ((_cell), 0))
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CDR_DELETED_P(_cell)     \
+  (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD_DELETED_P ((_cell), 1))
+
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_DELETED_P(_cell)         \
+  ((SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CAR_DELETED_P (_cell))       \
+   || (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CDR_DELETED_P (_cell)))
+
+/* Accessing the components of a weak cell.  These return `SCM_UNDEFINED' if
+   the car/cdr has been collected.  */
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD(_cell, _word)               \
+  (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD_DELETED_P ((_cell), (_word))     \
+   ? SCM_UNDEFINED                                     \
+   : SCM_CELL_OBJECT ((_cell), (_word)))
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CAR(_cell)  (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD ((_cell), 0))
+#define SCM_WEAK_PAIR_CDR(_cell)  (SCM_WEAK_PAIR_WORD ((_cell), 1))
+
+
 #endif  /* SCM_WEAK_LIST_H */
 
 /*
diff --git a/module/system/base/types.scm b/module/system/base/types.scm
index 49aea27ba..14bf5a9b2 100644
--- a/module/system/base/types.scm
+++ b/module/system/base/types.scm
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ the matching bits, possibly with bitwise operations to 
extract it from BITS."
 (define %tc7-vm-continuation #x47)
 (define %tc7-bytevector #x4d)
 (define %tc7-weak-set #x55)
-(define %tc7-weak-table #x57)
+(define %tc7-weak-table #x57)                     ;no longer used
 (define %tc7-array #x5d)
 (define %tc7-bitvector #x5f)
 (define %tc7-port #x7d)
diff --git a/test-suite/tests/types.test b/test-suite/tests/types.test
index 446aff541..336350f9a 100644
--- a/test-suite/tests/types.test
+++ b/test-suite/tests/types.test
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ;;;; types.test --- Type tag decoding.      -*- mode: scheme; coding: utf-8; 
-*-
 ;;;;
-;;;;   Copyright (C) 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+;;;;   Copyright (C) 2014, 2015, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ;;;;
 ;;;; This file is part of GNU Guile.
 ;;;;
@@ -103,9 +103,10 @@
    ((lambda () #t) program _)
    ((make-variable 'foo) variable _)
    ((make-weak-vector 3 #t) weak-vector _)
-   ((make-weak-key-hash-table) weak-table _)
-   ((make-weak-value-hash-table) weak-table _)
-   ((make-doubly-weak-hash-table) weak-table _)
+   ((make-hash-table) hash-table _)
+   ((make-weak-key-hash-table) hash-table _)
+   ((make-weak-value-hash-table) hash-table _)
+   ((make-doubly-weak-hash-table) hash-table _)
    (#2((1 2 3) (4 5 6)) array _)
    (#*00000110 bitvector _)
    ((expt 2 70) bignum _)
-- 
2.14.2


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