file list.tr

.hw a-hÃ-
.hw a-ño
.hw ár-bol
.hw cu-brÃ--a
.hw e-té-re-o
.hw ca-mión
.hw ú-te-ro
.hw pin-güi-no

Output from "preconv -e utf8  list.tr

.lf 1 list.tr
.hw a-h\[uFFFD]-
.hw a-\[u00F1]o
.hw \[u00E1]r-bol
.hw cu-br\[uFFFD]--a
.hw e-t\[u00E9]-re-o
.hw ca-mi\[u00F3]n
.hw \[u00FA]-te-ro
.hw pin-g\[u00FC]i-no

Translate "list.tr" to latin1

iconv -f utf8 -f latin1 list.tr

.hw a-h

iconv: illegal input sequence at position 7

\[uFFFD] is called "replacement character".

-.-

  Latin1 iacute has the utf8 code 'í'
and the hexadecimal code is C3AD which is "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH
TILDE" and "SOFT HYPHEN"

"groff" turns "soft hyphen" into "HYPHEN-MINUS" (0x2D)