[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v
|
From: |
Jim Meyering |
|
Subject: |
Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v |
|
Date: |
Thu, 2 Jan 2020 18:18:45 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/grep
Module name: grep
Changes by: Jim Meyering <meyering> 20/01/02 18:18:45
Index: grep.txt
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/grep/grep/manual/grep.txt,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- grep.txt 30 Dec 2018 06:24:21 -0000 1.29
+++ grep.txt 2 Jan 2020 23:18:43 -0000 1.30
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
âgrepâ prints lines that contain a match for one or more patterns.
- This manual is for version 3.3 of GNU Grep.
+ This manual is for version 3.4 of GNU Grep.
This manual is for âgrepâ, a pattern matching engine.
- Copyright © 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright © 1999â2002, 2005, 2008â2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@
grep [OPTION...] [PATTERNS] [FILE...]
-
- There can be zero or more OPTION arguments, and zero or more FILE
+There can be zero or more OPTION arguments, and zero or more FILE
arguments. The PATTERNS argument contains one or more patterns
separated by newlines, and is omitted when patterns are given via the
-â-e PATTERNSâ or â-f FILEâ options.
+â-e PATTERNSâ or â-f FILEâ options. Typically PATTERNS should be
quoted
+when âgrepâ is used in a shell command.
2.1 Command-line Options
========================
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@
Use PATTERNS as one or more patterns; newlines within PATTERNS
separate each pattern from the next. If this option is used
multiple times or is combined with the â-fâ (â--fileâ) option,
- search for all patterns given. (â-eâ is specified by POSIX.)
+ search for all patterns given. Typically PATTERNS should be quoted
+ when âgrepâ is used in a shell command. (â-eâ is specified by
+ POSIX.)
â-f FILEâ
â--file=FILEâ
@@ -118,23 +120,29 @@
â-iâ
â-yâ
â--ignore-caseâ
- Ignore case distinctions, so that characters that differ only in
- case match each other. Although this is straightforward when
- letters differ in case only via lowercase-uppercase pairs, the
- behavior is unspecified in other situations. For example,
- uppercase âSâ has an unusual lowercase counterpart âÅ¿â (Unicode
- character U+017F, LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S) in many locales, and
- it is unspecified whether this unusual character matches âSâ or
âsâ
- even though uppercasing it yields âSâ. Another example: the
- lowercase German letter âÃâ (U+00DF, LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S) is
- normally capitalized as the two-character string âSSâ but it does
- not match âSSâ, and it might not match the uppercase letter âáºâ
- (U+1E9E, LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S) even though lowercasing the
- latter yields the former.
+ Ignore case distinctions in patterns and input data, so that
+ characters that differ only in case match each other. Although
+ this is straightforward when letters differ in case only via
+ lowercase-uppercase pairs, the behavior is unspecified in other
+ situations. For example, uppercase âSâ has an unusual lowercase
+ counterpart âÅ¿â (Unicode character U+017F, LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG
+ S) in many locales, and it is unspecified whether this unusual
+ character matches âSâ or âsâ even though uppercasing it yields
âSâ.
+ Another example: the lowercase German letter âÃâ (U+00DF, LATIN
+ SMALL LETTER SHARP S) is normally capitalized as the two-character
+ string âSSâ but it does not match âSSâ, and it might not match the
+ uppercase letter âáºâ (U+1E9E, LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S) even
+ though lowercasing the latter yields the former.
â-yâ is an obsolete synonym that is provided for compatibility.
(â-iâ is specified by POSIX.)
+â--no-ignore-caseâ
+ Do not ignore case distinctions in patterns and input data. This
+ is the default. This option is useful for passing to shell scripts
+ that already use â-iâ, in order to cancel its effects because the
+ two options override each other.
+
â-vâ
â--invert-matchâ
Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines. (â-vâ
@@ -210,7 +218,7 @@
trailing context lines. This enables a calling process to resume a
search. For example, the following shell script makes use of it:
- while grep -m 1 PATTERN
+ while grep -m 1 'PATTERN'
do
echo xxxx
done < FILE
@@ -220,7 +228,7 @@
# This probably will not work.
cat FILE |
- while grep -m 1 PATTERN
+ while grep -m 1 'PATTERN'
do
echo xxxx
done
@@ -287,10 +295,10 @@
â--label=LABELâ
Display input actually coming from standard input as input coming
- from file LABEL. This is especially useful when implementing tools
- like âzgrepâ; e.g.:
+ from file LABEL. This can be useful for commands that transform a
+ fileâs contents before searching; e.g.:
- gzip -cd foo.gz | grep --label=foo -H something
+ gzip -cd foo.gz | grep --label=foo -H 'some pattern'
â-nâ
â--line-numberâ
@@ -442,11 +450,12 @@
â--exclude=GLOBâ
Skip any command-line file with a name suffix that matches the
pattern GLOB, using wildcard matching; a name suffix is either the
- whole name, or any suffix starting after a â/â and before a
- non-â/â. When searching recursively, skip any subfile whose base
- name matches GLOB; the base name is the part after the last â/â. A
- pattern can use â*â, â?â, and â[â...â]â as wildcards,
and â\â to
- quote a wildcard or backslash character literally.
+ whole name, or a trailing part that starts with a non-slash
+ character immediately after a slash (â/â) in the name. When
+ searching recursively, skip any subfile whose base name matches
+ GLOB; the base name is the part after the last slash. A pattern
+ can use â*â, â?â, and â[â...â]â as wildcards, and
â\â to quote a
+ wildcard or backslash character literally.
â--exclude-from=FILEâ
Skip files whose name matches any of the patterns read from FILE
@@ -1021,6 +1030,8 @@
â-eâ or from a file (â-f FILEâ), back-references are local to each
expression.
+ *Note Known Bugs::, for some known problems with back-references.
+
3.6 Basic vs Extended Regular Expressions
=========================================
@@ -1052,15 +1063,31 @@
matches zero or more characters within a line. *Note Regular
Expressions::. The â-iâ option causes âgrepâ to ignore case, causing
it
to match the line âHello, world!â, which it would not otherwise match.
-*Note Invoking::, for more details about how to invoke âgrepâ.
+
+ Here is a more complex example session, showing the location and
+contents of any line containing âfâ and ending in â.câ, within all
files
+in the current directory whose names contain âgâ and end in â.hâ. The
+â-nâ option outputs line numbers, the â--â argument treats any later
+arguments starting with â-â as file names not options, and the empty
+file â/dev/nullâ causes file names to be output even if only one file
+name happens to be of the form â*g*.hâ.
+
+ $ grep -n -- 'f.*\.c$' *g*.h /dev/null
+ argmatch.h:1:/* definitions and prototypes for argmatch.c
+
+The only line that contains a match is line 1 of âargmatch.hâ. Note
+that the regular expression syntax used in the pattern differs from the
+globbing syntax that the shell uses to match file names.
+
+ *Note Invoking::, for more details about how to invoke âgrepâ.
Here are some common questions and answers about âgrepâ usage.
1. How can I list just the names of matching files?
- grep -l 'main' *.c
+ grep -l 'main' test-*.c
- lists the names of all C files in the current directory whose
+ lists names of âtest-*.câ files in the current directory whose
contents mention âmainâ.
2. How do I search directories recursively?
@@ -1068,45 +1095,52 @@
grep -r 'hello' /home/gigi
searches for âhelloâ in all files under the â/home/gigiâ
directory.
- For more control over which files are searched, use âfindâ,
âgrepâ,
- and âxargsâ. For example, the following command searches only C
- files:
+ For more control over which files are searched, use âfindâ and
+ âgrepâ. For example, the following command searches only C files:
- find /home/gigi -name '*.c' -print0 | xargs -0r grep -H 'hello'
+ find /home/gigi -name '*.c' ! -type d \
+ -exec grep -H 'hello' '{}' +
This differs from the command:
- grep -H 'hello' *.c
+ grep -H 'hello' /home/gigi/*.c
- which merely looks for âhelloâ in all files in the current
- directory whose names end in â.câ. The âfind ...â command line
+ which merely looks for âhelloâ in non-hidden C files in
+ â/home/gigiâ whose names end in â.câ. The âfindâ command line
above is more similar to the command:
- grep -rH --include='*.c' 'hello' /home/gigi
+ grep -r --include='*.c' 'hello' /home/gigi
+
+ 3. What if a pattern or file has a leading â-â?
- 3. What if a pattern has a leading â-â?
+ grep -- '--cut here--' *
- grep -e '--cut here--' *
+ searches for all lines matching â--cut here--â. Without â--â,
+ âgrepâ would attempt to parse â--cut here--â as a list of options,
+ and there would be similar problems with any file names beginning
+ with â-â.
- searches for all lines matching â--cut here--â. Without â-eâ,
- âgrepâ would attempt to parse â--cut here--â as a list of options.
+ Alternatively, you can prevent misinterpretation of leading â-â by
+ using â-eâ for patterns and leading â./â for files:
+
+ grep -e '--cut here--' ./*
4. Suppose I want to search for a whole word, not a part of a word?
- grep -w 'hello' *
+ grep -w 'hello' test*.log
searches only for instances of âhelloâ that are entire words; it
does not match âOthelloâ. For more control, use â\<â and
â\>â to
match the start and end of words. For example:
- grep 'hello\>' *
+ grep 'hello\>' test*.log
searches only for words ending in âhelloâ, so it matches the word
âOthelloâ.
5. How do I output context around the matching lines?
- grep -C 2 'hello' *
+ grep -C 2 'hello' test*.log
prints two lines of context around each matching line.
@@ -1163,8 +1197,8 @@
The âgrepâ command searches for lines that contain strings that
match a pattern. Every line contains the empty string, so an empty
pattern causes âgrepâ to find a match on each line. It is not the
- only such pattern: â^â, â$â, â.*â, and many other patterns
cause
- âgrepâ to match every line.
+ only such pattern: â^â, â$â, and many other patterns cause
âgrepâ
+ to match every line.
To match empty lines, use the pattern â^$â. To match blank lines,
use the pattern â^[[:blank:]]*$â. To match no lines at all, use
@@ -1176,25 +1210,7 @@
cat /etc/passwd | grep 'alain' - /etc/motd
- 13. How to express palindromes in a regular expression?
-
- It can be done by using back-references; for example, a palindrome
- of 4 characters can be written with a BRE:
-
- grep -w -e '\(.\)\(.\).\2\1' file
-
- It matches the word âradarâ or âcivic.â
-
- Guglielmo Bondioni proposed a single RE that finds all palindromes
- up to 19 characters long using 9 subexpressions and
- 9 back-references:
-
- grep -E -e
'^(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?).?\9\8\7\6\5\4\3\2\1$' file
-
- Note this is done by using GNU ERE extensions; it might not be
- portable to other implementations of âgrepâ.
-
- 14. Why is this back-reference failing?
+ 13. Why is this back-reference failing?
echo 'ba' | grep -E '(a)\1|b\1'
@@ -1204,7 +1220,7 @@
anything. (The second alternate in this example can only match if
the first alternate has matchedâmaking the second one superfluous.)
- 15. How can I match across lines?
+ 14. How can I match across lines?
Standard grep cannot do this, as it is fundamentally line-based.
Therefore, merely using the â[:space:]â character class does not
@@ -1222,7 +1238,7 @@
it to âgrepâ, or turn to âawkâ, âsedâ, âperlâ, or many
other
utilities that are designed to operate across lines.
- 16. What do âgrepâ, âfgrepâ, and âegrepâ stand for?
+ 15. What do âgrepâ, âfgrepâ, and âegrepâ stand for?
The name âgrepâ comes from the way line editing was done on Unix.
For example, âedâ uses the following syntax to print a list of
@@ -1319,7 +1335,16 @@
require exponential time and space, and may cause âgrepâ to run out of
memory.
- Back-references are very slow, and may require exponential time.
+ Back-references can greatly slow down matching, as they can generate
+exponentially many matching possibilities that can consume both time and
+memory to explore. Also, the POSIX specification for back-references is
+at times unclear. Furthermore, many regular expression implementations
+have back-reference bugs that can cause programs to return incorrect
+answers or even crash, and fixing these bugs has often been
+low-priorityâfor example, as of 2019 the GNU C library bug database
+contained back-reference bugs 52, 10844, 11053, and 25322, with little
+sign of forthcoming fixes. Luckily, back-references are rarely useful
+and it should be little trouble to avoid them in practical applications.
7 Copying
*********
@@ -1829,477 +1854,477 @@
* Menu:
* *: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 817)
+ (line 826)
* +: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 820)
-* --: Other Options. (line 485)
+ (line 829)
+* --: Other Options. (line 494)
* --after-context: Context Line Control.
- (line 331)
-* --basic-regexp: grep Programs. (line 755)
+ (line 339)
+* --basic-regexp: grep Programs. (line 764)
* --before-context: Context Line Control.
- (line 335)
-* --binary: Other Options. (line 496)
+ (line 343)
+* --binary: Other Options. (line 505)
* --binary-files: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 381)
+ (line 389)
* --byte-offset: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 272)
+ (line 280)
* --color: General Output Control.
- (line 177)
+ (line 185)
* --colour: General Output Control.
- (line 177)
+ (line 185)
* --context: Context Line Control.
- (line 340)
+ (line 348)
* --count: General Output Control.
- (line 171)
+ (line 179)
* --dereference-recursive: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 478)
+ (line 487)
* --devices: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 420)
+ (line 428)
* --directories: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 431)
+ (line 439)
* --exclude: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 442)
+ (line 450)
* --exclude-dir: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 455)
+ (line 464)
* --exclude-from: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 451)
-* --extended-regexp: grep Programs. (line 760)
-* --file: Matching Control. (line 111)
+ (line 460)
+* --extended-regexp: grep Programs. (line 769)
+* --file: Matching Control. (line 113)
* --files-with-matches: General Output Control.
- (line 198)
+ (line 206)
* --files-without-match: General Output Control.
- (line 192)
-* --fixed-strings: grep Programs. (line 765)
+ (line 200)
+* --fixed-strings: grep Programs. (line 774)
* --group-separator: Context Line Control.
- (line 343)
+ (line 351)
* --group-separator <1>: Context Line Control.
- (line 347)
+ (line 355)
* --help: Generic Program Information.
(line 91)
-* --ignore-case: Matching Control. (line 120)
+* --ignore-case: Matching Control. (line 122)
* --include: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 465)
+ (line 474)
* --initial-tab: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 301)
-* --invert-match: Matching Control. (line 139)
+ (line 309)
+* --invert-match: Matching Control. (line 147)
* --label: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 288)
-* --line-buffered: Other Options. (line 491)
-* --line-number: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 296)
-* --line-regexp: Matching Control. (line 161)
+* --line-buffered: Other Options. (line 500)
+* --line-number: Output Line Prefix Control.
+ (line 304)
+* --line-regexp: Matching Control. (line 169)
* --max-count: General Output Control.
- (line 205)
+ (line 213)
* --no-filename: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 283)
+ (line 291)
+* --no-ignore-case: Matching Control. (line 140)
* --no-messages: General Output Control.
- (line 250)
+ (line 258)
* --null: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 310)
-* --null-data: Other Options. (line 517)
+ (line 318)
+* --null-data: Other Options. (line 526)
* --only-matching: General Output Control.
- (line 235)
-* --perl-regexp: grep Programs. (line 770)
-* --quiet: General Output Control.
(line 243)
+* --perl-regexp: grep Programs. (line 779)
+* --quiet: General Output Control.
+ (line 251)
* --recursive: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 470)
+ (line 479)
* --regexp=PATTERNS: Matching Control. (line 104)
* --silent: General Output Control.
- (line 243)
+ (line 251)
* --text: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 377)
+ (line 385)
* --version: Generic Program Information.
(line 96)
* --with-filename: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 278)
-* --word-regexp: Matching Control. (line 144)
+ (line 286)
+* --word-regexp: Matching Control. (line 152)
* -A: Context Line Control.
- (line 331)
+ (line 339)
* -a: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 377)
+ (line 385)
* -b: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 272)
+ (line 280)
* -B: Context Line Control.
- (line 335)
+ (line 343)
* -c: General Output Control.
- (line 171)
+ (line 179)
* -C: Context Line Control.
- (line 340)
+ (line 348)
* -D: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 420)
+ (line 428)
* -d: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 431)
+ (line 439)
* -e: Matching Control. (line 104)
-* -E: grep Programs. (line 760)
-* -f: Matching Control. (line 111)
-* -F: grep Programs. (line 765)
-* -G: grep Programs. (line 755)
+* -E: grep Programs. (line 769)
+* -f: Matching Control. (line 113)
+* -F: grep Programs. (line 774)
+* -G: grep Programs. (line 764)
* -H: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 278)
+ (line 286)
* -h: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 283)
-* -i: Matching Control. (line 120)
+ (line 291)
+* -i: Matching Control. (line 122)
* -L: General Output Control.
- (line 192)
+ (line 200)
* -l: General Output Control.
- (line 198)
+ (line 206)
* -m: General Output Control.
- (line 205)
+ (line 213)
* -n: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 296)
+ (line 304)
* -NUM: Context Line Control.
- (line 340)
+ (line 348)
* -o: General Output Control.
- (line 235)
-* -P: grep Programs. (line 770)
-* -q: General Output Control.
(line 243)
+* -P: grep Programs. (line 779)
+* -q: General Output Control.
+ (line 251)
* -r: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 470)
+ (line 479)
* -R: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 478)
+ (line 487)
* -s: General Output Control.
- (line 250)
+ (line 258)
* -T: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 301)
-* -U: Other Options. (line 496)
+ (line 309)
+* -U: Other Options. (line 505)
* -V: Generic Program Information.
(line 96)
-* -v: Matching Control. (line 139)
-* -w: Matching Control. (line 144)
-* -x: Matching Control. (line 161)
-* -y: Matching Control. (line 120)
+* -v: Matching Control. (line 147)
+* -w: Matching Control. (line 152)
+* -x: Matching Control. (line 169)
+* -y: Matching Control. (line 122)
* -Z: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 310)
-* -z: Other Options. (line 517)
+ (line 318)
+* -z: Other Options. (line 526)
* .: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 807)
+ (line 816)
* ?: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 814)
+ (line 823)
* _N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_ environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 723)
+ (line 732)
* {,M}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 829)
+ (line 838)
* {N,M}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 833)
+ (line 842)
* {N,}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 826)
+ (line 835)
* {N}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 823)
+ (line 832)
* after context: Context Line Control.
- (line 331)
+ (line 339)
* alnum character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 878)
+ (line 887)
* alpha character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 883)
+ (line 892)
* alphabetic characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 883)
+ (line 892)
* alphanumeric characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 878)
-* anchoring: Anchoring. (line 1006)
+ (line 887)
+* anchoring: Anchoring. (line 1015)
* asterisk: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 817)
+ (line 826)
* back-reference: Back-references and Subexpressions.
- (line 1014)
-* back-references: Performance. (line 1266)
+ (line 1023)
+* back-references: Performance. (line 1281)
* backslash: The Backslash Character and Special
Expressions.
- (line 973)
-* basic regular expressions: Basic vs Extended. (line 1026)
+ (line 982)
+* basic regular expressions: Basic vs Extended. (line 1037)
* before context: Context Line Control.
- (line 335)
+ (line 343)
* binary files: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 377)
+ (line 385)
* binary files <1>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 381)
-* binary I/O: Other Options. (line 496)
+ (line 389)
+* binary I/O: Other Options. (line 505)
* blank character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 888)
+ (line 897)
* blank characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 888)
+ (line 897)
* bn GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 653)
+ (line 662)
* braces, first argument omitted: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 829)
+ (line 838)
* braces, one argument: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 823)
+ (line 832)
* braces, second argument omitted: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 826)
+ (line 835)
* braces, two arguments: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 833)
+ (line 842)
* bracket expression: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 853)
-* Bugs, known: Reporting Bugs. (line 1317)
-* bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. (line 1309)
+ (line 862)
+* Bugs, known: Known Bugs. (line 1332)
+* bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. (line 1324)
* byte offset: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 272)
-* case insensitive search: Matching Control. (line 120)
-* case insensitive search <1>: Performance. (line 1261)
+ (line 280)
+* case insensitive search: Matching Control. (line 122)
+* case insensitive search <1>: Performance. (line 1276)
* changing name of standard input: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 288)
+ (line 296)
* character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 853)
+ (line 862)
* character classes: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 877)
+ (line 886)
* character type: Environment Variables.
- (line 680)
+ (line 689)
* classes of characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 877)
+ (line 886)
* cntrl character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 891)
+ (line 900)
* context lines: General Output Control.
- (line 227)
+ (line 235)
* context lines <1>: Context Line Control.
- (line 322)
+ (line 330)
* context lines <2>: Context Line Control.
- (line 340)
+ (line 348)
* context lines, after match: Context Line Control.
- (line 331)
+ (line 339)
* context lines, before match: Context Line Control.
- (line 335)
+ (line 343)
* control characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 891)
-* copying: Copying. (line 1327)
+ (line 900)
+* copying: Copying. (line 1351)
* counting lines: General Output Control.
- (line 171)
+ (line 179)
* cx GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 604)
+ (line 613)
* default options environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 564)
+ (line 573)
* device search: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 420)
+ (line 428)
* digit character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 896)
+ (line 905)
* digit characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 896)
+ (line 905)
* directory search: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 431)
+ (line 439)
* dot: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 807)
+ (line 816)
* encoding error: Environment Variables.
- (line 687)
+ (line 696)
* environment variables: Environment Variables.
- (line 563)
+ (line 572)
* exclude directories: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 455)
+ (line 464)
* exclude files: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 442)
+ (line 450)
* exclude files <1>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 451)
-* exit status: Exit Status. (line 735)
-* FAQ about grep usage: Usage. (line 1056)
+ (line 460)
+* exit status: Exit Status. (line 744)
+* FAQ about grep usage: Usage. (line 1083)
* files which donât match: General Output Control.
- (line 192)
+ (line 200)
* fn GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 643)
+ (line 652)
* fn GREP_COLORS capability <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 658)
+ (line 667)
* graph character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 899)
+ (line 908)
* graphic characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 899)
-* grep programs: grep Programs. (line 746)
+ (line 908)
+* grep programs: grep Programs. (line 755)
* GREP_COLOR environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 577)
+ (line 586)
* GREP_COLORS environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 588)
+ (line 597)
* GREP_OPTIONS environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 564)
+ (line 573)
* group separator: Context Line Control.
- (line 343)
+ (line 351)
* group separator <1>: Context Line Control.
- (line 347)
+ (line 355)
* hexadecimal digits: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 923)
+ (line 932)
* highlight markers: Environment Variables.
- (line 577)
+ (line 586)
* highlight markers <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 588)
+ (line 597)
* highlight, color, colour: General Output Control.
- (line 177)
-* holes in files: Performance. (line 1276)
+ (line 185)
+* holes in files: Performance. (line 1291)
* include files: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 465)
-* interval specifications: Basic vs Extended. (line 1030)
-* invert matching: Matching Control. (line 139)
+ (line 474)
+* interval specifications: Basic vs Extended. (line 1041)
+* invert matching: Matching Control. (line 147)
* LANG environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 528)
+ (line 537)
* LANG environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 680)
+ (line 689)
* LANG environment variable <2>: Environment Variables.
- (line 687)
+ (line 696)
* LANG environment variable <3>: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* LANGUAGE environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 528)
+ (line 537)
* LANGUAGE environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* language of messages: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* LC_ALL environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 528)
+ (line 537)
* LC_ALL environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 680)
+ (line 689)
* LC_ALL environment variable <2>: Environment Variables.
- (line 687)
+ (line 696)
* LC_ALL environment variable <3>: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* LC_COLLATE environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 680)
+ (line 689)
* LC_CTYPE environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 687)
+ (line 696)
* LC_MESSAGES environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 528)
+ (line 537)
* LC_MESSAGES environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
-* line buffering: Other Options. (line 491)
+ (line 718)
+* line buffering: Other Options. (line 500)
* line numbering: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 296)
+ (line 304)
* ln GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 648)
-* locales: Performance. (line 1254)
+ (line 657)
+* locales: Performance. (line 1269)
* lower character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 902)
+ (line 911)
* lower-case letters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 902)
+ (line 911)
* match expression at most M times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 829)
+ (line 838)
* match expression at most once: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 814)
+ (line 823)
* match expression from N to M times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 833)
+ (line 842)
* match expression N or more times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 826)
+ (line 835)
* match expression N times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 823)
+ (line 832)
* match expression one or more times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 820)
+ (line 829)
* match expression zero or more times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 817)
-* match the whole line: Matching Control. (line 161)
-* matching basic regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 755)
-* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 760)
-* matching fixed strings: grep Programs. (line 765)
+ (line 826)
+* match the whole line: Matching Control. (line 169)
+* matching basic regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 764)
+* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 769)
+* matching fixed strings: grep Programs. (line 774)
* matching Perl-compatible regular expressions: grep Programs.
- (line 770)
-* matching whole words: Matching Control. (line 144)
+ (line 779)
+* matching whole words: Matching Control. (line 152)
* max-count: General Output Control.
- (line 205)
+ (line 213)
* mc GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 635)
+ (line 644)
* message language: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* ms GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 627)
-* MS-Windows binary I/O: Other Options. (line 496)
+ (line 636)
+* MS-Windows binary I/O: Other Options. (line 505)
* mt GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 619)
+ (line 628)
* names of matching files: General Output Control.
- (line 198)
+ (line 206)
* national language support: Environment Variables.
- (line 680)
+ (line 689)
* national language support <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* ne GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 665)
+ (line 674)
* NLS: Environment Variables.
- (line 680)
+ (line 689)
* no filename prefix: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 283)
+ (line 291)
* null character: Environment Variables.
- (line 687)
+ (line 696)
* numeric characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 896)
+ (line 905)
* only matching: General Output Control.
- (line 235)
-* option delimiter: Other Options. (line 485)
-* palindromes: Usage. (line 1178)
-* patterns from file: Matching Control. (line 111)
+ (line 243)
+* option delimiter: Other Options. (line 494)
+* patterns from file: Matching Control. (line 113)
* patterns option: Matching Control. (line 104)
-* performance: Performance. (line 1240)
+* performance: Performance. (line 1255)
* period: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 807)
+ (line 816)
* plus sign: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 820)
+ (line 829)
* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 714)
+ (line 723)
* print character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 906)
-* print non-matching lines: Matching Control. (line 139)
+ (line 915)
+* print non-matching lines: Matching Control. (line 147)
* printable characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 906)
+ (line 915)
* punct character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 909)
+ (line 918)
* punctuation characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 909)
+ (line 918)
* question mark: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 814)
+ (line 823)
* quiet, silent: General Output Control.
- (line 243)
+ (line 251)
* range expression: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 861)
+ (line 870)
* recursive search: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 470)
+ (line 479)
* recursive search <1>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 478)
+ (line 487)
* regular expressions: Regular Expressions.
- (line 785)
-* return status: Exit Status. (line 735)
+ (line 794)
+* return status: Exit Status. (line 744)
* rv GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 613)
+ (line 622)
* searching directory trees: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 442)
+ (line 450)
* searching directory trees <1>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 451)
+ (line 460)
* searching directory trees <2>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 465)
+ (line 474)
* searching directory trees <3>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 470)
+ (line 479)
* searching directory trees <4>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 478)
+ (line 487)
* searching for patterns: Introduction. (line 49)
* sl GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 596)
+ (line 605)
* space character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 914)
+ (line 923)
* space characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 914)
+ (line 923)
* subexpression: Back-references and Subexpressions.
- (line 1014)
+ (line 1023)
* suppress binary data: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 377)
+ (line 385)
* suppress error messages: General Output Control.
- (line 250)
+ (line 258)
* symbolic links: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 431)
+ (line 439)
* symbolic links <1>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 470)
+ (line 479)
* symbolic links <2>: File and Directory Selection.
- (line 478)
+ (line 487)
* tab-aligned content lines: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 301)
+ (line 309)
* translation of message language: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 718)
* upper character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 919)
+ (line 928)
* upper-case letters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 919)
+ (line 928)
* usage summary, printing: Generic Program Information.
(line 91)
-* usage, examples: Usage. (line 1045)
-* using grep, Q&A: Usage. (line 1056)
-* variants of grep: grep Programs. (line 746)
+* usage, examples: Usage. (line 1056)
+* using grep, Q&A: Usage. (line 1083)
+* variants of grep: grep Programs. (line 755)
* version, printing: Generic Program Information.
(line 96)
* whitespace characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 914)
+ (line 923)
* with filename prefix: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 278)
+ (line 286)
* xdigit character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 923)
+ (line 932)
* xdigit class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 923)
+ (line 932)
* zero-terminated file names: Output Line Prefix Control.
- (line 310)
-* zero-terminated lines: Other Options. (line 517)
+ (line 318)
+* zero-terminated lines: Other Options. (line 526)
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v,
Jim Meyering <=