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[SCM] gawk branch, gawk-5.1-stable, updated. gawk-4.1.0-4279-g585a945


From: Arnold Robbins
Subject: [SCM] gawk branch, gawk-5.1-stable, updated. gawk-4.1.0-4279-g585a945
Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 14:59:04 -0400 (EDT)

This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
the project "gawk".

The branch, gawk-5.1-stable has been updated
       via  585a9456283db7169ea53a328824e55deb998d8f (commit)
      from  59e758a8ee45b58c9a765a6ceed4da3775d78952 (commit)

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not appeared on any other notification email; so we list those
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- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------
http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/gawk.git/commit/?id=585a9456283db7169ea53a328824e55deb998d8f

commit 585a9456283db7169ea53a328824e55deb998d8f
Author: Arnold D. Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
Date:   Thu Aug 26 21:58:43 2021 +0300

    Update doc on strong regexps, gensub().

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 7c7fefb..f77fc00 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+2021-08-26         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+       * gawktexi.in (Strong Regexp Constants): Document behavior
+       when used as third argument of sub() or gsub().
+       (String Functions): Document that gensub() always returns
+       a string.
+
 2021-07-15         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
        * gawktexi.in: Remove obsolete bits relating to VMS.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index b1500a7..b7a050d 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -8259,6 +8259,18 @@ and on to the built-in functions that accept regexp 
constants.
 convert to zero.  When used in string conversions, they convert to the
 string value of the original regexp text.
 
+   There is an additional, interesting corner case.  When used as the
+third argument to 'sub()' or 'gsub()', they retain their type.  Thus, if
+you have something like this:
+
+     re = don't panic/
+     sub(/don't/, "do", re)
+     print typeof(re), re
+
+then 're' retains its type, but now attempts to match the string 'do
+panic'.  This provides a (very indirect) way to create regexp-typed
+variables at runtime.
+
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Variables,  Next: Conversion,  Prev: Using Constant 
Regexps,  Up: Values
 
@@ -13069,6 +13081,9 @@ Options::):
      modified string as the result of the function.  The original target
      string is _not_ changed.
 
+     The returned value is _always_ a string, even if the original
+     TARGET was a number or a regexp value.
+
      'gensub()' is a general substitution function.  Its purpose is to
      provide more features than the standard 'sub()' and 'gsub()'
      functions.
@@ -13108,7 +13123,8 @@ Options::):
      warning message.
 
      If REGEXP does not match TARGET, 'gensub()''s return value is the
-     original unchanged value of TARGET.
+     original unchanged value of TARGET.  Note that, as mentioned above,
+     the returned value is a string, even if TARGET was not.
 
 'gsub(REGEXP, REPLACEMENT' [', TARGET']')'
      Search TARGET for _all_ of the longest, leftmost, _nonoverlapping_
@@ -34920,7 +34936,7 @@ Index
 * * (asterisk), *= operator <1>:         Precedence.          (line  94)
 * * (asterisk), **= operator <1>:        Precedence.          (line  94)
 * * (asterisk), * operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 552)
+                                                              (line 556)
 * + (plus sign), regexp operator:        Regexp Operator Details.
                                                               (line 107)
 * + (plus sign), += operator:            Assignment Ops.      (line  81)
@@ -35302,7 +35318,7 @@ Index
 * arrays, multidimensional, scanning:    Multiscanning.       (line  11)
 * arrays, arrays of arrays:              Arrays of Arrays.    (line   6)
 * arrays, elements, retrieving number of: String Functions.   (line  42)
-* arrays, number of elements:            String Functions.    (line 211)
+* arrays, number of elements:            String Functions.    (line 215)
 * arrays, as parameters to functions:    Pass By Value/Reference.
                                                               (line  44)
 * arrays, associative, library functions and: Library Names.  (line  58)
@@ -35361,7 +35377,7 @@ Index
 * asterisk (*), *= operator <1>:         Precedence.          (line  94)
 * asterisk (*), **= operator <1>:        Precedence.          (line  94)
 * asterisk (*), * operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 552)
+                                                              (line 556)
 * at-sign (@), @include directive:       Include Files.       (line   8)
 * at-sign (@), @load directive:          Loading Shared Libraries.
                                                               (line   8)
@@ -35606,7 +35622,7 @@ Index
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <9>:             Continue Statement.  (line  44)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <10>:            Nextfile Statement.  (line  47)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <11>:            Delete.              (line  51)
-* Brian Kernighan's awk <12>:            String Functions.    (line 508)
+* Brian Kernighan's awk <12>:            String Functions.    (line 512)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <13>:            Gory Details.        (line  19)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <14>:            I/O Functions.       (line  43)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions:     BTL.                 (line   6)
@@ -35670,7 +35686,7 @@ Index
 * case sensitivity, string comparisons and: User-modified.    (line  79)
 * case sensitivity, regexps and <1>:     User-modified.       (line  79)
 * case sensitivity, array indices and:   Array Intro.         (line 100)
-* case sensitivity, converting case:     String Functions.    (line 538)
+* case sensitivity, converting case:     String Functions.    (line 542)
 * case sensitivity, example programs:    Library Functions.   (line  53)
 * CGI, awk scripts for:                  Options.             (line 147)
 * character sets (machine character encodings): Ordinal Functions.
@@ -35754,7 +35770,7 @@ Index
 * common extensions, **= operator:       Assignment Ops.      (line 138)
 * common extensions, delete to delete entire arrays: Delete.  (line  39)
 * common extensions, length() applied to an array: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 211)
+                                                              (line 215)
 * common extensions, func keyword:       Definition Syntax.   (line  99)
 * common extensions, BINMODE variable:   PC Using.            (line  20)
 * comp.lang.awk newsgroup:               Usenet.              (line  11)
@@ -35812,9 +35828,9 @@ Index
 * converting, numbers to strings:        Strings And Numbers. (line   6)
 * converting, integer array subscripts to strings: Numeric Array Subscripts.
                                                               (line  31)
-* converting, string to numbers <1>:     String Functions.    (line 406)
-* converting, string to lower case:      String Functions.    (line 539)
-* converting, string to upper case:      String Functions.    (line 545)
+* converting, string to numbers <1>:     String Functions.    (line 410)
+* converting, string to lower case:      String Functions.    (line 543)
+* converting, string to upper case:      String Functions.    (line 549)
 * converting, dates to timestamps:       Time Functions.      (line  78)
 * converting, string to numbers <2>:     Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 * converting, numbers to strings <1>:    Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
@@ -35902,9 +35918,9 @@ Index
 * dark corner, array subscripts:         Uninitialized Subscripts.
                                                               (line  43)
 * dark corner, regexp as second argument to index(): String Functions.
-                                                              (line 175)
-* dark corner, length() function:        String Functions.    (line 197)
-* dark corner, split() function:         String Functions.    (line 376)
+                                                              (line 179)
+* dark corner, length() function:        String Functions.    (line 201)
+* dark corner, split() function:         String Functions.    (line 380)
 * dark corner, parameter name restrictions: Definition Syntax.
                                                               (line  44)
 * dark corner <1>:                       Glossary.            (line 266)
@@ -36154,11 +36170,11 @@ Index
 * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments: Calling Built-in.
                                                               (line  16)
 * differences in awk and gawk, length() function: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 211)
+                                                              (line 215)
 * differences in awk and gawk, match() function: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 273)
+                                                              (line 277)
 * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 361)
+                                                              (line 365)
 * differences in awk and gawk, indirect function calls: Indirect Calls.
                                                               (line   6)
 * differences in awk and gawk, BINMODE variable <1>: PC Using.
@@ -36357,7 +36373,7 @@ Index
 * extensions, common, **= operator:      Assignment Ops.      (line 138)
 * extensions, common, delete to delete entire arrays: Delete. (line  39)
 * extensions, common, length() applied to an array: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 211)
+                                                              (line 215)
 * extensions, common, fflush() function: I/O Functions.       (line  43)
 * extensions, common, func keyword:      Definition Syntax.   (line  99)
 * extensions, loadable, allocating memory: Memory Allocation Functions.
@@ -36489,7 +36505,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  80)
 * files, message object, converting from portable object files: I18N Example.
                                                               (line  80)
-* find substring in string:              String Functions.    (line 166)
+* find substring in string:              String Functions.    (line 170)
 * finding extensions:                    Finding Extensions.  (line   6)
 * finish debugger command:               Debugger Execution Control.
                                                               (line  39)
@@ -36526,7 +36542,7 @@ Index
 * format time string:                    Time Functions.      (line  50)
 * formats, numeric output:               OFMT.                (line   6)
 * formatting, output:                    Printf.              (line   6)
-* formatting, strings:                   String Functions.    (line 399)
+* formatting, strings:                   String Functions.    (line 403)
 * forward slash (/), to enclose regular expressions: Regexp.  (line  10)
 * forward slash (/), /= operator:        Assignment Ops.      (line 129)
 * forward slash (/), /= operator, vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
@@ -36812,8 +36828,8 @@ Index
 * groups, information about:             Group Functions.     (line   6)
 * gsub:                                  Standard Regexp Constants.
                                                               (line  43)
-* gsub <1>:                              String Functions.    (line 150)
-* gsub() function, arguments of:         String Functions.    (line 478)
+* gsub <1>:                              String Functions.    (line 154)
+* gsub() function, arguments of:         String Functions.    (line 482)
 * gsub() function, escape processing:    Gory Details.        (line   6)
 * Guerrero, Juan Manuel:                 Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
 * Guerrero, Juan Manuel <1>:             Contributors.        (line 150)
@@ -36880,7 +36896,7 @@ Index
 * @include directive:                    Include Files.       (line   8)
 * including files, @include directive:   Include Files.       (line   8)
 * increment operators:                   Increment Ops.       (line   6)
-* index:                                 String Functions.    (line 166)
+* index:                                 String Functions.    (line 170)
 * indexing arrays:                       Array Intro.         (line  48)
 * indirect function calls:               Indirect Calls.      (line   6)
 * indirect function calls, @-notation:   Indirect Calls.      (line  47)
@@ -36906,7 +36922,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * input files, counting elements in:     Wc Program.          (line   6)
 * input pipeline:                        Getline/Pipe.        (line  10)
-* input record, length of:               String Functions.    (line 188)
+* input record, length of:               String Functions.    (line 192)
 * input redirection:                     Getline/File.        (line   6)
 * input/output, from BEGIN and END:      I/O And BEGIN/END.   (line   6)
 * input/output, binary:                  User-modified.       (line  15)
@@ -37018,9 +37034,9 @@ Index
 * left angle bracket (<), <= operator <1>: Precedence.        (line  64)
 * left shift, bitwise:                   Bitwise Functions.   (line  32)
 * leftmost longest match:                Multiple Line.       (line  26)
-* length:                                String Functions.    (line 181)
-* length of input record:                String Functions.    (line 188)
-* length of string:                      String Functions.    (line 181)
+* length:                                String Functions.    (line 185)
+* length of input record:                String Functions.    (line 192)
+* length of string:                      String Functions.    (line 185)
 * Lesser General Public License (LGPL):  Glossary.            (line 489)
 * LGPL (Lesser General Public License):  Glossary.            (line 489)
 * libmawk:                               Other Versions.      (line 146)
@@ -37110,15 +37126,15 @@ Index
 * marked string extraction (internationalization): String Extraction.
                                                               (line   6)
 * Marx, Groucho:                         Increment Ops.       (line  60)
-* match:                                 String Functions.    (line 221)
-* match regexp in string:                String Functions.    (line 221)
+* match:                                 String Functions.    (line 225)
+* match regexp in string:                String Functions.    (line 225)
 * match() function, RSTART/RLENGTH variables: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 238)
-* match() function, side effects:        String Functions.    (line 238)
+                                                              (line 242)
+* match() function, side effects:        String Functions.    (line 242)
 * matching, leftmost longest:            Multiple Line.       (line  26)
 * matching, expressions:                 Typing and Comparison.
                                                               (line   9)
-* matching, null strings:                String Functions.    (line 552)
+* matching, null strings:                String Functions.    (line 556)
 * mawk utility:                          Escape Sequences.    (line 121)
 * mawk utility <1>:                      Getline/Pipe.        (line  62)
 * mawk utility <2>:                      Concatenation.       (line  36)
@@ -37247,9 +37263,9 @@ Index
 * null strings, as array subscripts:     Uninitialized Subscripts.
                                                               (line  43)
 * null strings, deleting array elements and: Delete.          (line  27)
-* null strings, matching:                String Functions.    (line 552)
+* null strings, matching:                String Functions.    (line 556)
 * null strings <3>:                      Basic Data Typing.   (line  26)
-* number of array elements:              String Functions.    (line 211)
+* number of array elements:              String Functions.    (line 215)
 * number sign (#), #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts.
                                                               (line   6)
 * number sign (#), commenting:           Comments.            (line   6)
@@ -37358,7 +37374,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  77)
 * parentheses (), in a profile:          Profiling.           (line 146)
 * password file:                         Passwd Functions.    (line  16)
-* patsplit:                              String Functions.    (line 307)
+* patsplit:                              String Functions.    (line 311)
 * patterns, default:                     Very Simple.         (line  35)
 * patterns, regexp constants as:         Regexp Usage.        (line   6)
 * patterns:                              Patterns and Actions.
@@ -37421,8 +37437,8 @@ Index
 * portability, operators:                Increment Ops.       (line  60)
 * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence.       (line  97)
 * portability, deleting array elements:  Delete.              (line  56)
-* portability, length() function:        String Functions.    (line 190)
-* portability, substr() function:        String Functions.    (line 528)
+* portability, length() function:        String Functions.    (line 194)
+* portability, substr() function:        String Functions.    (line 532)
 * portability, functions, defining:      Definition Syntax.   (line 114)
 * portability, next statement in user-defined functions: Function Caveats.
                                                               (line  26)
@@ -37476,7 +37492,7 @@ Index
 * POSIX awk, continue statement and:     Continue Statement.  (line  44)
 * POSIX awk, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement.    (line  44)
 * POSIX awk, CONVFMT variable and:       User-modified.       (line  30)
-* POSIX awk, functions and, length():    String Functions.    (line 190)
+* POSIX awk, functions and, length():    String Functions.    (line 194)
 * POSIX awk, functions and, gsub()/sub(): Gory Details.       (line  90)
 * POSIX awk, timestamps and:             Time Functions.      (line   6)
 * POSIX awk, date utility and:           Time Functions.      (line 255)
@@ -37497,7 +37513,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  12)
 * POSIX mode <9>:                        POSIX String Comparison.
                                                               (line  34)
-* POSIX mode <10>:                       String Functions.    (line 395)
+* POSIX mode <10>:                       String Functions.    (line 399)
 * POSIX mode <11>:                       Controlling Array Traversal.
                                                               (line 226)
 * POSIX mode <12>:                       POSIX Floating Point Problems.
@@ -37716,7 +37732,7 @@ Index
 * regular expressions, as patterns <1>:  Regexp Patterns.     (line   6)
 * regular expressions, case sensitivity <1>: User-modified.   (line  79)
 * regular expressions, searching for:    Egrep Program.       (line   6)
-* replace in string:                     String Functions.    (line 424)
+* replace in string:                     String Functions.    (line 428)
 * retrying input:                        Retrying Input.      (line   6)
 * return debugger command:               Debugger Execution Control.
                                                               (line  54)
@@ -37741,7 +37757,7 @@ Index
 * right shift, bitwise:                  Bitwise Functions.   (line  32)
 * Ritchie, Dennis:                       Basic Data Typing.   (line  54)
 * RLENGTH variable:                      Auto-set.            (line 335)
-* RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions.   (line 238)
+* RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions.   (line 242)
 * Robbins, Miriam:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  94)
 * Robbins, Jean:                         Acknowledgments.     (line  94)
 * Robbins, Harry:                        Acknowledgments.     (line  94)
@@ -37771,7 +37787,7 @@ Index
 * RS variable <1>:                       User-modified.       (line 136)
 * rshift:                                Bitwise Functions.   (line  54)
 * RSTART variable:                       Auto-set.            (line 341)
-* RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions.    (line 238)
+* RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions.    (line 242)
 * RT variable:                           awk split records.   (line 118)
 * RT variable <1>:                       gawk split records.  (line  66)
 * RT variable <2>:                       Multiple Line.       (line 139)
@@ -37798,7 +37814,7 @@ Index
 * Schreiber, Bert:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  38)
 * Schreiber, Rita:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  38)
 * search and replace in strings:         String Functions.    (line  99)
-* search for substring:                  String Functions.    (line 166)
+* search for substring:                  String Functions.    (line 170)
 * search paths, for source files:        AWKPATH Variable.    (line   6)
 * search paths, for loadable extensions: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line   6)
 * search paths:                          Programs Exercises.  (line  70)
@@ -37880,9 +37896,9 @@ Index
 * side effects, statements:              Action Overview.     (line  32)
 * side effects, array indexing:          Reference to Elements.
                                                               (line  43)
-* side effects, match() function:        String Functions.    (line 238)
-* side effects, sub() function:          String Functions.    (line 478)
-* side effects, gsub() function:         String Functions.    (line 478)
+* side effects, match() function:        String Functions.    (line 242)
+* side effects, sub() function:          String Functions.    (line 482)
+* side effects, gsub() function:         String Functions.    (line 482)
 * side effects, asort() function:        Array Sorting Functions.
                                                               (line  24)
 * side effects, asorti() function:       Array Sorting Functions.
@@ -37918,7 +37934,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line 147)
 * sidebar, Operator Evaluation Order:    Increment Ops.       (line  58)
 * sidebar, Changing NR and FNR:          Auto-set.            (line 407)
-* sidebar, Matching the Null String:     String Functions.    (line 550)
+* sidebar, Matching the Null String:     String Functions.    (line 554)
 * sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering: I/O Functions.
                                                               (line  74)
 * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions.
@@ -37988,13 +38004,13 @@ Index
 * source files, search path for:         Programs Exercises.  (line  70)
 * sparse arrays:                         Array Intro.         (line  76)
 * Spencer, Henry:                        Glossary.            (line  16)
-* split:                                 String Functions.    (line 328)
-* split string into array:               String Functions.    (line 307)
+* split:                                 String Functions.    (line 332)
+* split string into array:               String Functions.    (line 311)
 * split utility:                         Split Program.       (line   6)
 * split() function, array elements, deleting: Delete.         (line  61)
 * split.awk program:                     Split Program.       (line  51)
 * sprintf:                               OFMT.                (line  15)
-* sprintf <1>:                           String Functions.    (line 399)
+* sprintf <1>:                           String Functions.    (line 403)
 * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function.
                                                               (line   6)
 * sqrt:                                  Numeric Functions.   (line  78)
@@ -38029,8 +38045,8 @@ Index
 * string, constants, vs. regexp constants: Computed Regexps.  (line  40)
 * string, constants:                     Scalar Constants.    (line  15)
 * string, operators:                     Concatenation.       (line   9)
-* string, length:                        String Functions.    (line 181)
-* string, regular expression match of:   String Functions.    (line 221)
+* string, length:                        String Functions.    (line 185)
+* string, regular expression match of:   String Functions.    (line 225)
 * string, extraction (internationalization): String Extraction.
                                                               (line   6)
 * string-manipulation functions:         String Functions.    (line   6)
@@ -38045,19 +38061,19 @@ Index
 * strings, numeric:                      Variable Typing.     (line  67)
 * strings, converting, numbers to:       User-modified.       (line  30)
 * strings, converting, numbers to <1>:   User-modified.       (line 107)
-* strings, splitting, example:           String Functions.    (line 347)
-* strings, converting letter case:       String Functions.    (line 538)
+* strings, splitting, example:           String Functions.    (line 351)
+* strings, converting letter case:       String Functions.    (line 542)
 * strings, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 * strings, merging arrays into:          Join Function.       (line   6)
 * strings, for localization:             Programmer i18n.     (line  13)
 * strings, extracting:                   String Extraction.   (line   6)
-* strtonum:                              String Functions.    (line 406)
+* strtonum:                              String Functions.    (line 410)
 * strtonum() function (gawk), --non-decimal-data option and: Nondecimal Data.
                                                               (line  35)
 * sub:                                   Standard Regexp Constants.
                                                               (line  43)
-* sub <1>:                               String Functions.    (line 424)
-* sub() function, arguments of:          String Functions.    (line 478)
+* sub <1>:                               String Functions.    (line 428)
+* sub() function, arguments of:          String Functions.    (line 482)
 * sub() function, escape processing:     Gory Details.        (line   6)
 * subscript separators:                  User-modified.       (line 149)
 * subscripts in arrays, numbers as:      Numeric Array Subscripts.
@@ -38071,8 +38087,8 @@ Index
 * SUBSEP variable, multidimensional arrays and: Multidimensional.
                                                               (line  16)
 * substitute in string:                  String Functions.    (line  99)
-* substr:                                String Functions.    (line 497)
-* substring:                             String Functions.    (line 497)
+* substr:                                String Functions.    (line 501)
+* substring:                             String Functions.    (line 501)
 * Sumner, Andrew:                        Other Versions.      (line  64)
 * supplementary groups of gawk process:  Auto-set.            (line 292)
 * switch statement:                      Switch Statement.    (line   6)
@@ -38133,8 +38149,8 @@ Index
 * timestamps, converting dates to:       Time Functions.      (line  78)
 * timestamps, formatted:                 Getlocaltime Function.
                                                               (line   6)
-* tolower:                               String Functions.    (line 539)
-* toupper:                               String Functions.    (line 545)
+* tolower:                               String Functions.    (line 543)
+* toupper:                               String Functions.    (line 549)
 * tr utility:                            Translate Program.   (line   6)
 * trace debugger command:                Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
                                                               (line 108)
@@ -38166,9 +38182,9 @@ Index
 * troubleshooting, function call syntax: Function Calls.      (line  30)
 * troubleshooting, gawk, fatal errors, function arguments: Calling Built-in.
                                                               (line  16)
-* troubleshooting, match() function:     String Functions.    (line 302)
-* troubleshooting, gsub()/sub() functions: String Functions.  (line 488)
-* troubleshooting, substr() function:    String Functions.    (line 515)
+* troubleshooting, match() function:     String Functions.    (line 306)
+* troubleshooting, gsub()/sub() functions: String Functions.  (line 492)
+* troubleshooting, substr() function:    String Functions.    (line 519)
 * troubleshooting, fflush() function:    I/O Functions.       (line  63)
 * troubleshooting, system() function:    I/O Functions.       (line 128)
 * troubleshooting, readable data files:  File Checking.       (line   6)
@@ -38522,452 +38538,452 @@ Node: Regexp Constants351571
 Node: Using Constant Regexps352097
 Node: Standard Regexp Constants352719
 Node: Strong Regexp Constants355907
-Node: Variables358919
-Node: Using Variables359576
-Node: Assignment Options361486
-Node: Conversion363957
-Node: Strings And Numbers364481
-Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1367544
-Node: Locale influences conversions367653
-Ref: table-locale-affects370411
-Node: All Operators371029
-Node: Arithmetic Ops371658
-Node: Concatenation374374
-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1377221
-Node: Assignment Ops377328
-Ref: table-assign-ops382319
-Node: Increment Ops383632
-Node: Truth Values and Conditions387092
-Node: Truth Values388166
-Node: Typing and Comparison389214
-Node: Variable Typing390034
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1396497
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2396569
-Node: Comparison Operators396646
-Ref: table-relational-ops397065
-Node: POSIX String Comparison400560
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+Node: Namespace Example969525
+Node: Namespace And Features972087
+Node: Namespace Summary973522
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic974999
+Node: Computer Arithmetic976486
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges980252
+Ref: table-floating-point-ranges980745
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1981403
+Node: Math Definitions981460
+Ref: table-ieee-formats984776
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1985379
+Node: MPFR features985484
+Node: FP Math Caution987202
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1988274
+Node: Inexactness of computations988643
+Node: Inexact representation989603
+Node: Comparing FP Values990963
+Node: Errors accumulate992204
+Node: Getting Accuracy993637
+Node: Try To Round996347
+Node: Setting precision997246
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings997943
+Node: Setting the rounding mode999773
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes1000147
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-11004078
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers1004257
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-11007432
+Node: Checking for MPFR1007581
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems1009055
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-11013340
+Node: Floating point summary1013378
+Node: Dynamic Extensions1015568
+Node: Extension Intro1017121
+Node: Plugin License1018387
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline1019184
+Ref: figure-load-extension1019623
+Ref: figure-register-new-function1021188
+Ref: figure-call-new-function1022280
+Node: Extension API Description1024342
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction1026055
+Ref: table-api-std-headers1027891
+Node: General Data Types1032140
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11040770
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions1041069
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11045570
+Node: Constructor Functions1045669
+Node: API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values1049135
+Node: Registration Functions1050448
+Node: Extension Functions1051148
+Node: Exit Callback Functions1056470
+Node: Extension Version String1057720
+Node: Input Parsers1058383
+Node: Output Wrappers1071104
+Node: Two-way processors1075616
+Node: Printing Messages1077881
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11079052
+Node: Updating ERRNO1079205
+Node: Requesting Values1079944
+Ref: table-value-types-returned1080681
+Node: Accessing Parameters1081617
+Node: Symbol Table Access1082854
+Node: Symbol table by name1083366
+Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11086390
+Node: Symbol table by cookie1086518
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11090703
+Node: Cached values1090767
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11094303
+Node: Array Manipulation1094456
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11095547
+Node: Array Data Types1095584
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11098242
+Node: Array Functions1098334
+Node: Flattening Arrays1102832
+Node: Creating Arrays1109808
+Node: Redirection API1114575
+Node: Extension API Variables1117408
+Node: Extension Versioning1118119
+Ref: gawk-api-version1118548
+Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1120279
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables1121907
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1122980
+Node: Changes from API V11126954
+Node: Finding Extensions1128526
+Node: Extension Example1129085
+Node: Internal File Description1129883
+Node: Internal File Ops1133963
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11145313
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1145453
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11147836
+Node: Extension Samples1148110
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1149639
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1157288
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1158775
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1159993
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1163619
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1164455
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1165344
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1166411
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1167000
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1167740
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1169682
+Node: Extension Sample Time1170777
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1172529
+Node: gawkextlib1173021
+Node: Extension summary1175939
+Node: Extension Exercises1179641
+Node: Language History1180883
+Node: V7/SVR3.11182539
+Node: SVR41184691
+Node: POSIX1186125
+Node: BTL1187506
+Node: POSIX/GNU1188235
+Node: Feature History1194013
+Node: Common Extensions1211188
+Node: Ranges and Locales1212471
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11217087
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21217114
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31217349
+Node: Contributors1217572
+Node: History summary1223569
+Node: Installation1224949
+Node: Gawk Distribution1225893
+Node: Getting1226377
+Node: Extracting1227340
+Node: Distribution contents1228978
+Node: Unix Installation1235458
+Node: Quick Installation1236140
+Node: Compiling with MPFR1238621
+Node: Shell Startup Files1239313
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1240402
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1242717
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1245086
+Node: PC Installation1245546
+Node: PC Binary Installation1246384
+Node: PC Compiling1246819
+Node: PC Using1247936
+Node: Cygwin1251489
+Node: MSYS1252713
+Node: VMS Installation1253315
+Node: VMS Compilation1254034
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11255263
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1255321
+Node: VMS Installation Details1257006
+Node: VMS Running1259268
+Node: VMS GNV1263547
+Node: Bugs1264261
+Node: Bug definition1265141
+Node: Bug address1267645
+Node: Usenet1271033
+Node: Performance bugs1272042
+Node: Asking for help1274963
+Node: Maintainers1276925
+Node: Other Versions1278119
+Node: Installation summary1285971
+Node: Notes1287335
+Node: Compatibility Mode1288129
+Node: Additions1288911
+Node: Accessing The Source1289836
+Node: Adding Code1291273
+Node: New Ports1297492
+Node: Derived Files1301867
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11307527
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21307562
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31308160
+Node: Future Extensions1308274
+Node: Implementation Limitations1308932
+Node: Extension Design1310142
+Node: Old Extension Problems1311286
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11312804
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1312861
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11316225
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1316414
+Node: Extension Future Growth1318527
+Node: Notes summary1319133
+Node: Basic Concepts1320291
+Node: Basic High Level1320972
+Ref: figure-general-flow1321254
+Ref: figure-process-flow1321939
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11325240
+Node: Basic Data Typing1325425
+Node: Glossary1328753
+Node: Copying1360638
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1398181
+Node: Index1423301
 
 End Tag Table
 
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index c3ec64e..7d5aa4d 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -11990,6 +11990,21 @@ When used in numeric conversions, strongly typed 
regexp variables convert
 to zero. When used in string conversions, they convert to the string
 value of the original regexp text.
 
+There is an additional, interesting corner case. When used as the third
+argument to @code{sub()} or @code{gsub()}, they retain their type.  Thus,
+if you have something like this:
+
+@example
+re = @/don't panic/
+sub(/don't/, "do", re)
+print typeof(re), re
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+then @code{re} retains its type, but now attempts to match the string
+@samp{do panic}.  This provides a (very indirect) way to create regexp-typed
+variables at runtime.
+
 @node Variables
 @subsection Variables
 
@@ -18682,6 +18697,9 @@ numeric values less than one as if they were one.  If 
no @var{target}
 is supplied, use @code{$0}.  Return the modified string as the result
 of the function. The original target string is @emph{not} changed.
 
+The returned value is @emph{always} a string, even if the original
+@var{target} was a number or a regexp value.
+
 @code{gensub()} is a general substitution function.  Its purpose is
 to provide more features than the standard @code{sub()} and @code{gsub()}
 functions.
@@ -18730,7 +18748,8 @@ substitution is performed.  If @var{how} is zero, 
@command{gawk} issues
 a warning message.
 
 If @var{regexp} does not match @var{target}, @code{gensub()}'s return value
-is the original unchanged value of @var{target}.
+is the original unchanged value of @var{target}.  Note that, as mentioned
+above, the returned value is a string, even if @var{target} was not.
 
 @item @code{gsub(@var{regexp}, @var{replacement}} [@code{, 
@var{target}}]@code{)}
 @cindexawkfunc{gsub}
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 1584d3f..6ace2e8 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -11316,6 +11316,21 @@ When used in numeric conversions, strongly typed 
regexp variables convert
 to zero. When used in string conversions, they convert to the string
 value of the original regexp text.
 
+There is an additional, interesting corner case. When used as the third
+argument to @code{sub()} or @code{gsub()}, they retain their type.  Thus,
+if you have something like this:
+
+@example
+re = @/don't panic/
+sub(/don't/, "do", re)
+print typeof(re), re
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+then @code{re} retains its type, but now attempts to match the string
+@samp{do panic}.  This provides a (very indirect) way to create regexp-typed
+variables at runtime.
+
 @node Variables
 @subsection Variables
 
@@ -17823,6 +17838,9 @@ numeric values less than one as if they were one.  If 
no @var{target}
 is supplied, use @code{$0}.  Return the modified string as the result
 of the function. The original target string is @emph{not} changed.
 
+The returned value is @emph{always} a string, even if the original
+@var{target} was a number or a regexp value.
+
 @code{gensub()} is a general substitution function.  Its purpose is
 to provide more features than the standard @code{sub()} and @code{gsub()}
 functions.
@@ -17871,7 +17889,8 @@ substitution is performed.  If @var{how} is zero, 
@command{gawk} issues
 a warning message.
 
 If @var{regexp} does not match @var{target}, @code{gensub()}'s return value
-is the original unchanged value of @var{target}.
+is the original unchanged value of @var{target}.  Note that, as mentioned
+above, the returned value is a string, even if @var{target} was not.
 
 @item @code{gsub(@var{regexp}, @var{replacement}} [@code{, 
@var{target}}]@code{)}
 @cindexawkfunc{gsub}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary of changes:
 doc/ChangeLog   |    7 +
 doc/gawk.info   | 1034 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 doc/gawk.texi   |   21 +-
 doc/gawktexi.in |   21 +-
 4 files changed, 572 insertions(+), 511 deletions(-)


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