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[SCM] gawk branch, master, updated. gawk-4.1.0-3954-gf3e4811
|
From: |
Arnold Robbins |
|
Subject: |
[SCM] gawk branch, master, updated. gawk-4.1.0-3954-gf3e4811 |
|
Date: |
Sun, 12 Apr 2020 13:40:38 -0400 (EDT) |
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The branch, master has been updated
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via 3bf5a9b0c4e2e7f8d9ca37267e4f29775bb61129 (commit)
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- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------
http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/gawk.git/commit/?id=f3e48110901b169aa64a8d212da3648dd3ce4b28
commit f3e48110901b169aa64a8d212da3648dd3ce4b28
Author: Arnold D. Robbins <address@hidden>
Date: Sun Apr 12 20:39:47 2020 +0300
Small improvement in doc.
diff --git a/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk b/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk
index 7dbf414..12cd2d4 100644
--- a/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk
+++ b/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ BEGIN {
fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
- FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
}
{
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 21acc79..bd3673c 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -5603,7 +5603,7 @@ And here is his test program:
fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
- FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
}
{
@@ -37412,500 +37412,500 @@ Node: Fields with fixed data244974
Node: Splitting By Content246492
Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1250275
Node: More CSV250438
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-Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe271626
-Node: Getline/Coprocess272761
-Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess274028
-Node: Getline Notes274770
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-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2335260
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+Node: Reference to Elements503675
+Node: Assigning Elements506139
+Node: Array Example506630
+Node: Scanning an Array508389
+Node: Controlling Scanning511411
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1517867
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts518183
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts520367
+Node: Delete521986
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1524738
+Node: Multidimensional524795
+Node: Multiscanning527890
+Node: Arrays of Arrays529481
+Node: Arrays Summary534249
+Node: Functions536342
+Node: Built-in537380
+Node: Calling Built-in538461
+Node: Numeric Functions540457
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1544485
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2545133
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3545181
+Node: String Functions545453
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1569637
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2569765
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3570013
+Node: Gory Details570100
+Ref: table-sub-escapes571891
+Ref: table-sub-proposed573410
+Ref: table-posix-sub574773
+Ref: table-gensub-escapes576314
+Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1577137
+Node: I/O Functions577291
+Ref: table-system-return-values583759
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1585839
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2585987
+Node: Time Functions586107
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1596778
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2596846
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3597004
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4597115
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5597227
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6597454
+Node: Bitwise Functions597720
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops598314
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1604377
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2604550
+Node: Type Functions604741
+Node: I18N Functions607604
+Node: User-defined609255
+Node: Definition Syntax610067
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1615754
+Node: Function Example615825
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1618747
+Node: Function Calling618769
+Node: Calling A Function619357
+Node: Variable Scope620315
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference623309
+Node: Function Caveats625953
+Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1628000
+Node: Return Statement628120
+Node: Dynamic Typing631099
+Node: Indirect Calls632029
+Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1642281
+Node: Functions Summary642409
+Node: Library Functions645114
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1648721
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2648864
+Node: Library Names649035
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1652702
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2652925
+Node: General Functions653011
+Node: Strtonum Function654114
+Node: Assert Function657136
+Node: Round Function660462
+Node: Cliff Random Function662002
+Node: Ordinal Functions663018
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1666081
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2666333
+Node: Join Function666543
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1668313
+Node: Getlocaltime Function668513
+Node: Readfile Function672255
+Node: Shell Quoting674232
+Node: Data File Management675633
+Node: Filetrans Function676265
+Node: Rewind Function680361
+Node: File Checking682270
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1683604
+Node: Empty Files683805
+Node: Ignoring Assigns685784
+Node: Getopt Function687334
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1702546
+Node: Passwd Functions702746
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1711585
+Node: Group Functions711673
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1719571
+Node: Walking Arrays719778
+Node: Library Functions Summary722786
+Node: Library Exercises724192
+Node: Sample Programs724657
+Node: Running Examples725427
+Node: Clones726155
+Node: Cut Program727379
+Node: Egrep Program737308
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1744820
+Node: Id Program744930
+Node: Split Program748610
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1752068
+Node: Tee Program752197
+Node: Uniq Program754987
+Node: Wc Program762608
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1766863
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs766957
+Node: Dupword Program768170
+Node: Alarm Program770200
+Node: Translate Program775055
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1779620
+Node: Labels Program779890
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1783241
+Node: Word Sorting783325
+Node: History Sorting787397
+Node: Extract Program789622
+Node: Simple Sed797676
+Node: Igawk Program800750
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1815081
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2815283
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3815405
+Node: Anagram Program815520
+Node: Signature Program818582
+Node: Programs Summary819829
+Node: Programs Exercises821043
+Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1825172
+Node: Advanced Features825263
+Node: Nondecimal Data827253
+Node: Array Sorting828844
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal829544
+Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1837912
+Node: Array Sorting Functions838030
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1843121
+Node: Two-way I/O843317
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1851038
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2851225
+Node: TCP/IP Networking851307
+Node: Profiling854425
+Node: Advanced Features Summary863440
+Node: Internationalization865284
+Node: I18N and L10N866764
+Node: Explaining gettext867451
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1873343
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2873528
+Node: Programmer i18n873693
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1878642
+Node: Translator i18n878691
+Node: String Extraction879485
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1880617
+Node: Printf Ordering880703
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1883489
+Node: I18N Portability883553
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1886009
+Node: I18N Example886072
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1889347
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2889420
+Node: Gawk I18N889529
+Node: I18N Summary890178
+Node: Debugger891519
+Node: Debugging892519
+Node: Debugging Concepts892960
+Node: Debugging Terms894769
+Node: Awk Debugging897344
+Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1898289
+Node: Sample Debugging Session898421
+Node: Debugger Invocation898955
+Node: Finding The Bug900341
+Node: List of Debugger Commands906815
+Node: Breakpoint Control908148
+Node: Debugger Execution Control911842
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data915204
+Node: Execution Stack918745
+Node: Debugger Info920382
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands924453
+Node: Readline Support929515
+Node: Limitations930411
+Node: Debugging Summary932965
+Node: Namespaces934244
+Node: Global Namespace935355
+Node: Qualified Names936753
+Node: Default Namespace937752
+Node: Changing The Namespace938493
+Node: Naming Rules940107
+Node: Internal Name Management941955
+Node: Namespace Example942997
+Node: Namespace And Features945559
+Node: Namespace Summary946994
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic948471
+Node: Computer Arithmetic949958
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges953724
+Ref: table-floating-point-ranges954217
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1954875
+Node: Math Definitions954932
+Ref: table-ieee-formats958248
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1958851
+Node: MPFR features958956
+Node: FP Math Caution960674
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1961746
+Node: Inexactness of computations962115
+Node: Inexact representation963075
+Node: Comparing FP Values964435
+Node: Errors accumulate965676
+Node: Getting Accuracy967109
+Node: Try To Round969819
+Node: Setting precision970718
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings971415
+Node: Setting the rounding mode973245
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes973619
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1977550
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers977729
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1980904
+Node: Checking for MPFR981053
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems982527
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1986812
+Node: Floating point summary986850
+Node: Dynamic Extensions989040
+Node: Extension Intro990593
+Node: Plugin License991859
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline992656
+Ref: figure-load-extension993095
+Ref: figure-register-new-function994660
+Ref: figure-call-new-function995752
+Node: Extension API Description997814
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction999456
+Ref: table-api-std-headers1001292
+Node: General Data Types1005157
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11013518
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions1013817
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11018027
+Node: Constructor Functions1018126
+Node: Registration Functions1021712
+Node: Extension Functions1022397
+Node: Exit Callback Functions1027719
+Node: Extension Version String1028969
+Node: Input Parsers1029632
+Node: Output Wrappers1042353
+Node: Two-way processors1046865
+Node: Printing Messages1049130
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11050301
+Node: Updating ERRNO1050454
+Node: Requesting Values1051193
+Ref: table-value-types-returned1051930
+Node: Accessing Parameters1052866
+Node: Symbol Table Access1054101
+Node: Symbol table by name1054613
+Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11057637
+Node: Symbol table by cookie1057765
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11061950
+Node: Cached values1062014
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11065550
+Node: Array Manipulation1065703
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11066794
+Node: Array Data Types1066831
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11069489
+Node: Array Functions1069581
+Node: Flattening Arrays1074079
+Node: Creating Arrays1081055
+Node: Redirection API1085822
+Node: Extension API Variables1088655
+Node: Extension Versioning1089366
+Ref: gawk-api-version1089795
+Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1091526
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables1093154
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1094227
+Node: Changes from API V11098201
+Node: Finding Extensions1099773
+Node: Extension Example1100332
+Node: Internal File Description1101130
+Node: Internal File Ops1105210
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11116560
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1116700
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11119083
+Node: Extension Samples1119357
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1120886
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1128535
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1130022
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1131240
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1134865
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1135701
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1136590
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1137657
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1138246
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1138986
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1140928
+Node: Extension Sample Time1142023
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1143775
+Node: gawkextlib1144267
+Node: Extension summary1147185
+Node: Extension Exercises1150887
+Node: Language History1152129
+Node: V7/SVR3.11153785
+Node: SVR41155937
+Node: POSIX1157371
+Node: BTL1158752
+Node: POSIX/GNU1159481
+Node: Feature History1165259
+Node: Common Extensions1181578
+Node: Ranges and Locales1182861
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11187477
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21187504
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31187739
+Node: Contributors1187962
+Node: History summary1193959
+Node: Installation1195339
+Node: Gawk Distribution1196283
+Node: Getting1196767
+Node: Extracting1197730
+Node: Distribution contents1199368
+Node: Unix Installation1205848
+Node: Quick Installation1206530
+Node: Shell Startup Files1208944
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1210033
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1212348
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1214717
+Node: PC Installation1215177
+Node: PC Binary Installation1216015
+Node: PC Compiling1216450
+Node: PC Using1217567
+Node: Cygwin1221120
+Node: MSYS1222344
+Node: VMS Installation1222946
+Node: VMS Compilation1223737
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11224966
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1225024
+Node: VMS Installation Details1226709
+Node: VMS Running1228962
+Node: VMS GNV1233241
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1233976
+Node: Bugs1234447
+Node: Bug address1235110
+Node: Usenet1238092
+Node: Maintainers1239096
+Node: Other Versions1240281
+Node: Installation summary1247369
+Node: Notes1248578
+Node: Compatibility Mode1249372
+Node: Additions1250154
+Node: Accessing The Source1251079
+Node: Adding Code1252516
+Node: New Ports1258735
+Node: Derived Files1263110
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11268770
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21268805
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31269403
+Node: Future Extensions1269517
+Node: Implementation Limitations1270175
+Node: Extension Design1271358
+Node: Old Extension Problems1272502
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11274020
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1274077
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11277441
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1277630
+Node: Extension Future Growth1279743
+Node: Notes summary1280349
+Node: Basic Concepts1281507
+Node: Basic High Level1282188
+Ref: figure-general-flow1282470
+Ref: figure-process-flow1283155
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11286456
+Node: Basic Data Typing1286641
+Node: Glossary1289969
+Node: Copying1321854
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1359397
+Node: Index1384517
End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index cbc7188..0c6cf9d 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -8351,7 +8351,7 @@ BEGIN @{
fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
- FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
@}
@end group
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 940cd73..ced4629 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -7948,7 +7948,7 @@ BEGIN @{
fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
- FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
@}
@end group
http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/gawk.git/commit/?id=3bf5a9b0c4e2e7f8d9ca37267e4f29775bb61129
commit 3bf5a9b0c4e2e7f8d9ca37267e4f29775bb61129
Author: Arnold D. Robbins <address@hidden>
Date: Sun Apr 12 20:33:50 2020 +0300
Add new sample files related to CSV parsing.
diff --git a/awklib/eg/misc/sample.csv b/awklib/eg/misc/sample.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12a4f71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/misc/sample.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+p,"q,r",s
+p,"q""r",s
+p,"q,""r",s
+p,"",s
+p,,s
diff --git a/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk b/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dbf414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+BEGIN {
+ fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+}
+
+{
+ print "<" $0 ">"
+ printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
+ printf("<%s>", $i)
+ }
+ print ""
+}
http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/gawk.git/commit/?id=96656f01af15915c943865c8705bc7fc4a9ab436
commit 96656f01af15915c943865c8705bc7fc4a9ab436
Author: Arnold D. Robbins <address@hidden>
Date: Sun Apr 12 20:33:06 2020 +0300
More stuff on CSV files.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 02dd55d..0a18a81 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+2020-04-12 Arnold D. Robbins <address@hidden>
+
+ * gawktexi.in: Contribution from Manuel Collado related
+ to CSV processing.
+
2020-04-10 Arnold D. Robbins <address@hidden>
* gawktexi.in, gawk.1: Fix some spelling errors.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 36558c3..21acc79 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled
* Allowing trailing data:: Capturing optional trailing data.
* Fields with fixed data:: Field values with fixed-width data.
* Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content
+* More CSV:: More on CSV files.
* Testing field creation:: Checking how 'gawk' is
splitting records.
* Multiple Line:: Reading multiline records.
@@ -5476,6 +5477,10 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Splitting By Content, Next:
Testing field creation, Pr
4.7 Defining Fields by Content
==============================
+* Menu:
+
+* More CSV:: More on CSV files.
+
This minor node discusses an advanced feature of 'gawk'. If you are a
novice 'awk' user, you might want to skip it on the first reading.
@@ -5501,8 +5506,9 @@ regular expression describes the contents of each field.
In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either
"anything that is not a comma," or "a double quote, anything that is not
-a double quote, and a closing double quote." If written as a regular
-expression constant (*note Regexp::), we would have
+a double quote, and a closing double quote." (There are more
+complicated definitions of CSV data, treated shortly.) If written as a
+regular expression constant (*note Regexp::), we would have
'/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/'. Writing this as a string requires us to escape
the double quotes, leading to:
@@ -5543,12 +5549,6 @@ would be to remove the quotes when they occur, with
something like this:
$i = substr($i, 2, len - 2) # Get text within the two quotes
}
- As with 'FS', the 'IGNORECASE' variable (*note User-modified::)
-affects field splitting with 'FPAT'.
-
- Assigning a value to 'FPAT' overrides field splitting with 'FS' and
-with 'FIELDWIDTHS'.
-
NOTE: Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines
between the double quotes. 'gawk' provides no way to deal with
this. Even though a formal specification for CSV data exists,
@@ -5562,6 +5562,12 @@ contain at least one character. A straightforward
modification
FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ As with 'FS', the 'IGNORECASE' variable (*note User-modified::)
+affects field splitting with 'FPAT'.
+
+ Assigning a value to 'FPAT' overrides field splitting with 'FS' and
+with 'FIELDWIDTHS'.
+
Finally, the 'patsplit()' function makes the same functionality
available for splitting regular strings (*note String Functions::).
@@ -5572,6 +5578,58 @@ years. RFC 4180 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt)
standardizes the
most common practices.
+File: gawk.info, Node: More CSV, Up: Splitting By Content
+
+4.7.1 More on CSV Files
+-----------------------
+
+Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also
+contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them. The
+previously described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both
+commas and quotes inside. He suggests that the simplest 'FPAT'
+expression that recognizes this kind of fields is
+'/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/'. He provides the following imput data test
+these variants:
+
+ p,"q,r",s
+ p,"q""r",s
+ p,"q,""r",s
+ p,"",s
+ p,,s
+
+And here is his test program:
+
+ BEGIN {
+ fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+ }
+
+ {
+ print "<" $0 ">"
+ printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
+ printf("<%s>", $i)
+ }
+ print ""
+ }
+
+ When run on the third variant, it produces:
+
+ $ gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv
+ -| <p,"q,r",s>
+ -| NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s>
+ -| <p,"q""r",s>
+ -| NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s>
+ -| <p,"q,""r",s>
+ -| NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s>
+ -| <p,"",s>
+ -| NF = 3 <p><""><s>
+ -| <p,,s>
+ -| NF = 3 <p><><s>
+
+
File: gawk.info, Node: Testing field creation, Next: Multiple Line, Prev:
Splitting By Content, Up: Reading Files
4.8 Checking How 'gawk' Is Splitting Records
@@ -34147,7 +34205,7 @@ Index
* adding, features to gawk: Adding Code. (line 6)
* advanced features, fixed-width data: Constant Size. (line 6)
* advanced features, specifying field content: Splitting By Content.
- (line 9)
+ (line 13)
* advanced features, gawk: Advanced Features. (line 6)
* advanced features, nondecimal input data: Nondecimal Data. (line 6)
* advanced features, processes, communicating with: Two-way I/O.
@@ -35455,7 +35513,7 @@ Index
* forward slash (/), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
* forward slash (/), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24)
* FPAT variable: Splitting By Content.
- (line 25)
+ (line 29)
* FPAT variable <1>: User-modified. (line 46)
* frame debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 27)
* Free Documentation License (FDL): GNU Free Documentation License.
@@ -35565,7 +35623,7 @@ Index
* gawk, RT variable in <1>: gawk split records. (line 58)
* gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in: Fixed width data. (line 17)
* gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content.
- (line 25)
+ (line 29)
* gawk, splitting fields and: Testing field creation.
(line 6)
* gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 139)
@@ -37254,599 +37312,600 @@ Index
Tag Table:
Node: Top1200
-Node: Foreword344344
-Node: Foreword448786
-Node: Preface50318
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-153177
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-253286
-Ref: Preface-Footnote-353520
-Node: History53662
-Node: Names56014
-Ref: Names-Footnote-157118
-Node: This Manual57265
-Ref: This Manual-Footnote-163904
-Node: Conventions64004
-Node: Manual History66373
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-169370
-Ref: Manual History-Footnote-269411
-Node: How To Contribute69485
-Node: Acknowledgments70411
-Node: Getting Started75348
-Node: Running gawk77787
-Node: One-shot78977
-Node: Read Terminal80240
-Node: Long82233
-Node: Executable Scripts83746
-Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-186379
-Node: Comments86482
-Node: Quoting88966
-Node: DOS Quoting94492
-Node: Sample Data Files96548
-Node: Very Simple99143
-Node: Two Rules104045
-Node: More Complex105930
-Node: Statements/Lines108796
-Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1113280
-Node: Other Features113545
-Node: When114481
-Ref: When-Footnote-1116235
-Node: Intro Summary116300
-Node: Invoking Gawk117184
-Node: Command Line118698
-Node: Options119496
-Ref: Options-Footnote-1137165
-Ref: Options-Footnote-2137396
-Node: Other Arguments137421
-Node: Naming Standard Input140728
-Node: Environment Variables141938
-Node: AWKPATH Variable142496
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1145908
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2145942
-Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable146313
-Ref: AWKLIBPATH Variable-Footnote-1148010
-Node: Other Environment Variables148385
-Node: Exit Status152206
-Node: Include Files152883
-Node: Loading Shared Libraries156573
-Node: Obsolete158001
-Node: Undocumented158693
-Node: Invoking Summary158990
-Node: Regexp161831
-Node: Regexp Usage163285
-Node: Escape Sequences165322
-Node: Regexp Operators171563
-Node: Regexp Operator Details172048
-Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1178480
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-Node: PC Installation1213678
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-Node: Cygwin1219621
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-Node: Basic Data Typing1285142
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-Node: Copying1320355
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1357898
-Node: Index1383018
+Node: Foreword344403
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+Ref: table-locale-affects366769
+Node: All Operators367387
+Node: Arithmetic Ops368016
+Node: Concatenation370522
+Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1373369
+Node: Assignment Ops373476
+Ref: table-assign-ops378467
+Node: Increment Ops379780
+Node: Truth Values and Conditions383240
+Node: Truth Values384314
+Node: Typing and Comparison385362
+Node: Variable Typing386182
+Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1392645
+Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2392717
+Node: Comparison Operators392794
+Ref: table-relational-ops393213
+Node: POSIX String Comparison396708
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1398403
+Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2398542
+Node: Boolean Ops398626
+Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1403108
+Node: Conditional Exp403200
+Node: Function Calls404936
+Node: Precedence408813
+Node: Locales412472
+Node: Expressions Summary414104
+Node: Patterns and Actions416677
+Node: Pattern Overview417797
+Node: Regexp Patterns419474
+Node: Expression Patterns420016
+Node: Ranges423797
+Node: BEGIN/END426905
+Node: Using BEGIN/END427666
+Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1430402
+Node: I/O And BEGIN/END430508
+Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE432822
+Node: Empty435735
+Node: Using Shell Variables436052
+Node: Action Overview438326
+Node: Statements440651
+Node: If Statement442499
+Node: While Statement443994
+Node: Do Statement446022
+Node: For Statement447170
+Node: Switch Statement450341
+Node: Break Statement452727
+Node: Continue Statement454819
+Node: Next Statement456646
+Node: Nextfile Statement459029
+Node: Exit Statement461681
+Node: Built-in Variables464084
+Node: User-modified465217
+Node: Auto-set472984
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1489791
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2489997
+Node: ARGC and ARGV490053
+Node: Pattern Action Summary494266
+Node: Arrays496696
+Node: Array Basics498025
+Node: Array Intro498869
+Ref: figure-array-elements500844
+Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1503548
+Node: Reference to Elements503676
+Node: Assigning Elements506140
+Node: Array Example506631
+Node: Scanning an Array508390
+Node: Controlling Scanning511412
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1517868
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts518184
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts520368
+Node: Delete521987
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1524739
+Node: Multidimensional524796
+Node: Multiscanning527891
+Node: Arrays of Arrays529482
+Node: Arrays Summary534250
+Node: Functions536343
+Node: Built-in537381
+Node: Calling Built-in538462
+Node: Numeric Functions540458
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1544486
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2545134
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3545182
+Node: String Functions545454
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1569638
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2569766
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3570014
+Node: Gory Details570101
+Ref: table-sub-escapes571892
+Ref: table-sub-proposed573411
+Ref: table-posix-sub574774
+Ref: table-gensub-escapes576315
+Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1577138
+Node: I/O Functions577292
+Ref: table-system-return-values583760
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1585840
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2585988
+Node: Time Functions586108
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1596779
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2596847
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3597005
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4597116
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5597228
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6597455
+Node: Bitwise Functions597721
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops598315
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1604378
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2604551
+Node: Type Functions604742
+Node: I18N Functions607605
+Node: User-defined609256
+Node: Definition Syntax610068
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1615755
+Node: Function Example615826
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1618748
+Node: Function Calling618770
+Node: Calling A Function619358
+Node: Variable Scope620316
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference623310
+Node: Function Caveats625954
+Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1628001
+Node: Return Statement628121
+Node: Dynamic Typing631100
+Node: Indirect Calls632030
+Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1642282
+Node: Functions Summary642410
+Node: Library Functions645115
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1648722
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2648865
+Node: Library Names649036
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1652703
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2652926
+Node: General Functions653012
+Node: Strtonum Function654115
+Node: Assert Function657137
+Node: Round Function660463
+Node: Cliff Random Function662003
+Node: Ordinal Functions663019
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1666082
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2666334
+Node: Join Function666544
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1668314
+Node: Getlocaltime Function668514
+Node: Readfile Function672256
+Node: Shell Quoting674233
+Node: Data File Management675634
+Node: Filetrans Function676266
+Node: Rewind Function680362
+Node: File Checking682271
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1683605
+Node: Empty Files683806
+Node: Ignoring Assigns685785
+Node: Getopt Function687335
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1702547
+Node: Passwd Functions702747
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1711586
+Node: Group Functions711674
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1719572
+Node: Walking Arrays719779
+Node: Library Functions Summary722787
+Node: Library Exercises724193
+Node: Sample Programs724658
+Node: Running Examples725428
+Node: Clones726156
+Node: Cut Program727380
+Node: Egrep Program737309
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1744821
+Node: Id Program744931
+Node: Split Program748611
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1752069
+Node: Tee Program752198
+Node: Uniq Program754988
+Node: Wc Program762609
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1766864
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs766958
+Node: Dupword Program768171
+Node: Alarm Program770201
+Node: Translate Program775056
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1779621
+Node: Labels Program779891
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1783242
+Node: Word Sorting783326
+Node: History Sorting787398
+Node: Extract Program789623
+Node: Simple Sed797677
+Node: Igawk Program800751
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1815082
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2815284
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3815406
+Node: Anagram Program815521
+Node: Signature Program818583
+Node: Programs Summary819830
+Node: Programs Exercises821044
+Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1825173
+Node: Advanced Features825264
+Node: Nondecimal Data827254
+Node: Array Sorting828845
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal829545
+Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1837913
+Node: Array Sorting Functions838031
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1843122
+Node: Two-way I/O843318
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1851039
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2851226
+Node: TCP/IP Networking851308
+Node: Profiling854426
+Node: Advanced Features Summary863441
+Node: Internationalization865285
+Node: I18N and L10N866765
+Node: Explaining gettext867452
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1873344
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2873529
+Node: Programmer i18n873694
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1878643
+Node: Translator i18n878692
+Node: String Extraction879486
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1880618
+Node: Printf Ordering880704
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1883490
+Node: I18N Portability883554
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1886010
+Node: I18N Example886073
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1889348
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2889421
+Node: Gawk I18N889530
+Node: I18N Summary890179
+Node: Debugger891520
+Node: Debugging892520
+Node: Debugging Concepts892961
+Node: Debugging Terms894770
+Node: Awk Debugging897345
+Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1898290
+Node: Sample Debugging Session898422
+Node: Debugger Invocation898956
+Node: Finding The Bug900342
+Node: List of Debugger Commands906816
+Node: Breakpoint Control908149
+Node: Debugger Execution Control911843
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data915205
+Node: Execution Stack918746
+Node: Debugger Info920383
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands924454
+Node: Readline Support929516
+Node: Limitations930412
+Node: Debugging Summary932966
+Node: Namespaces934245
+Node: Global Namespace935356
+Node: Qualified Names936754
+Node: Default Namespace937753
+Node: Changing The Namespace938494
+Node: Naming Rules940108
+Node: Internal Name Management941956
+Node: Namespace Example942998
+Node: Namespace And Features945560
+Node: Namespace Summary946995
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic948472
+Node: Computer Arithmetic949959
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges953725
+Ref: table-floating-point-ranges954218
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1954876
+Node: Math Definitions954933
+Ref: table-ieee-formats958249
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1958852
+Node: MPFR features958957
+Node: FP Math Caution960675
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1961747
+Node: Inexactness of computations962116
+Node: Inexact representation963076
+Node: Comparing FP Values964436
+Node: Errors accumulate965677
+Node: Getting Accuracy967110
+Node: Try To Round969820
+Node: Setting precision970719
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings971416
+Node: Setting the rounding mode973246
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes973620
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1977551
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers977730
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1980905
+Node: Checking for MPFR981054
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems982528
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1986813
+Node: Floating point summary986851
+Node: Dynamic Extensions989041
+Node: Extension Intro990594
+Node: Plugin License991860
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline992657
+Ref: figure-load-extension993096
+Ref: figure-register-new-function994661
+Ref: figure-call-new-function995753
+Node: Extension API Description997815
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction999457
+Ref: table-api-std-headers1001293
+Node: General Data Types1005158
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11013519
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions1013818
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11018028
+Node: Constructor Functions1018127
+Node: Registration Functions1021713
+Node: Extension Functions1022398
+Node: Exit Callback Functions1027720
+Node: Extension Version String1028970
+Node: Input Parsers1029633
+Node: Output Wrappers1042354
+Node: Two-way processors1046866
+Node: Printing Messages1049131
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11050302
+Node: Updating ERRNO1050455
+Node: Requesting Values1051194
+Ref: table-value-types-returned1051931
+Node: Accessing Parameters1052867
+Node: Symbol Table Access1054102
+Node: Symbol table by name1054614
+Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11057638
+Node: Symbol table by cookie1057766
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11061951
+Node: Cached values1062015
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11065551
+Node: Array Manipulation1065704
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11066795
+Node: Array Data Types1066832
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11069490
+Node: Array Functions1069582
+Node: Flattening Arrays1074080
+Node: Creating Arrays1081056
+Node: Redirection API1085823
+Node: Extension API Variables1088656
+Node: Extension Versioning1089367
+Ref: gawk-api-version1089796
+Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1091527
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables1093155
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1094228
+Node: Changes from API V11098202
+Node: Finding Extensions1099774
+Node: Extension Example1100333
+Node: Internal File Description1101131
+Node: Internal File Ops1105211
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11116561
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1116701
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11119084
+Node: Extension Samples1119358
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1120887
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1128536
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1130023
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1131241
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1134866
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1135702
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1136591
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1137658
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1138247
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1138987
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1140929
+Node: Extension Sample Time1142024
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1143776
+Node: gawkextlib1144268
+Node: Extension summary1147186
+Node: Extension Exercises1150888
+Node: Language History1152130
+Node: V7/SVR3.11153786
+Node: SVR41155938
+Node: POSIX1157372
+Node: BTL1158753
+Node: POSIX/GNU1159482
+Node: Feature History1165260
+Node: Common Extensions1181579
+Node: Ranges and Locales1182862
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11187478
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21187505
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31187740
+Node: Contributors1187963
+Node: History summary1193960
+Node: Installation1195340
+Node: Gawk Distribution1196284
+Node: Getting1196768
+Node: Extracting1197731
+Node: Distribution contents1199369
+Node: Unix Installation1205849
+Node: Quick Installation1206531
+Node: Shell Startup Files1208945
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1210034
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1212349
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1214718
+Node: PC Installation1215178
+Node: PC Binary Installation1216016
+Node: PC Compiling1216451
+Node: PC Using1217568
+Node: Cygwin1221121
+Node: MSYS1222345
+Node: VMS Installation1222947
+Node: VMS Compilation1223738
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11224967
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1225025
+Node: VMS Installation Details1226710
+Node: VMS Running1228963
+Node: VMS GNV1233242
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1233977
+Node: Bugs1234448
+Node: Bug address1235111
+Node: Usenet1238093
+Node: Maintainers1239097
+Node: Other Versions1240282
+Node: Installation summary1247370
+Node: Notes1248579
+Node: Compatibility Mode1249373
+Node: Additions1250155
+Node: Accessing The Source1251080
+Node: Adding Code1252517
+Node: New Ports1258736
+Node: Derived Files1263111
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11268771
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21268806
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31269404
+Node: Future Extensions1269518
+Node: Implementation Limitations1270176
+Node: Extension Design1271359
+Node: Old Extension Problems1272503
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11274021
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1274078
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11277442
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1277631
+Node: Extension Future Growth1279744
+Node: Notes summary1280350
+Node: Basic Concepts1281508
+Node: Basic High Level1282189
+Ref: figure-general-flow1282471
+Ref: figure-process-flow1283156
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11286457
+Node: Basic Data Typing1286642
+Node: Glossary1289970
+Node: Copying1321855
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1359398
+Node: Index1384518
End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index ca99f01..cbc7188 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -577,6 +577,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon
them.
* Allowing trailing data:: Capturing optional trailing data.
* Fields with fixed data:: Field values with fixed-width data.
* Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content
+* More CSV:: More on CSV files.
* Testing field creation:: Checking how @command{gawk} is
splitting records.
* Multiple Line:: Reading multiline records.
@@ -8188,6 +8189,10 @@ four, and @code{$4} has the value @code{"ddd"}.
@node Splitting By Content
@section Defining Fields by Content
+@menu
+* More CSV:: More on CSV files.
+@end menu
+
@c O'Reilly doesn't like it as a note the first thing in the section.
This @value{SECTION} discusses an advanced
feature of @command{gawk}. If you are a novice @command{awk} user,
@@ -8227,7 +8232,9 @@ This regular expression describes the contents of each
field.
In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either ``anything that
is not a comma,'' or ``a double quote, anything that is not a double quote,
and a
-closing double quote.'' If written as a regular expression constant
+closing double quote.'' (There are more complicated definitions of CSV data,
+treated shortly.)
+If written as a regular expression constant
(@pxref{Regexp}),
we would have @code{/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/}.
Writing this as a string requires us to escape the double quotes, leading to:
@@ -8283,12 +8290,6 @@ if (substr($i, 1, 1) == "\"") @{
@}
@end example
-As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
-affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
-
-Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
-with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
-
@quotation NOTE
Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines between
the double quotes. @command{gawk} provides no way to deal with this.
@@ -8311,9 +8312,78 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
@c (star in latter part of value) to allow quoted strings to be empty.
@c Per email from Ed Morton <address@hidden>
+As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
+affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
+
+Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
+with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
+
Finally, the @code{patsplit()} function makes the same functionality
available for splitting regular strings (@pxref{String Functions}).
+@node More CSV
+@subsection More on CSV Files
+
+Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also
+contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them. The previously
+described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both commas and
+quotes inside. He suggests that the simplest @code{FPAT} expression that
+recognizes this kind of fields is @code{/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/}. He
+provides the following imput data test these variants:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/sample.csv
+p,"q,r",s
+p,"q""r",s
+p,"q,""r",s
+p,"",s
+p,,s
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+And here is his test program:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/test-csv.awk
+@group
+BEGIN @{
+ fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+@}
+@end group
+
+@group
+@{
+ print "<" $0 ">"
+ printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) @{
+ printf("<%s>", $i)
+ @}
+ print ""
+@}
+@end group
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+When run on the third variant, it produces:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv}
+@print{} <p,"q,r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q,""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><""><s>
+@print{} <p,,s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><><s>
+@end example
+
@node Testing field creation
@section Checking How @command{gawk} Is Splitting Records
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 66cac32..940cd73 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -572,6 +572,7 @@ particular records in a file and perform operations upon
them.
* Allowing trailing data:: Capturing optional trailing data.
* Fields with fixed data:: Field values with fixed-width data.
* Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content
+* More CSV:: More on CSV files.
* Testing field creation:: Checking how @command{gawk} is
splitting records.
* Multiple Line:: Reading multiline records.
@@ -7785,6 +7786,10 @@ four, and @code{$4} has the value @code{"ddd"}.
@node Splitting By Content
@section Defining Fields by Content
+@menu
+* More CSV:: More on CSV files.
+@end menu
+
@c O'Reilly doesn't like it as a note the first thing in the section.
This @value{SECTION} discusses an advanced
feature of @command{gawk}. If you are a novice @command{awk} user,
@@ -7824,7 +7829,9 @@ This regular expression describes the contents of each
field.
In the case of CSV data as presented here, each field is either ``anything that
is not a comma,'' or ``a double quote, anything that is not a double quote,
and a
-closing double quote.'' If written as a regular expression constant
+closing double quote.'' (There are more complicated definitions of CSV data,
+treated shortly.)
+If written as a regular expression constant
(@pxref{Regexp}),
we would have @code{/([^,]+)|("[^"]+")/}.
Writing this as a string requires us to escape the double quotes, leading to:
@@ -7880,12 +7887,6 @@ if (substr($i, 1, 1) == "\"") @{
@}
@end example
-As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
-affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
-
-Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
-with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
-
@quotation NOTE
Some programs export CSV data that contains embedded newlines between
the double quotes. @command{gawk} provides no way to deal with this.
@@ -7908,9 +7909,78 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
@c (star in latter part of value) to allow quoted strings to be empty.
@c Per email from Ed Morton <address@hidden>
+As with @code{FS}, the @code{IGNORECASE} variable (@pxref{User-modified})
+affects field splitting with @code{FPAT}.
+
+Assigning a value to @code{FPAT} overrides field splitting
+with @code{FS} and with @code{FIELDWIDTHS}.
+
Finally, the @code{patsplit()} function makes the same functionality
available for splitting regular strings (@pxref{String Functions}).
+@node More CSV
+@subsection More on CSV Files
+
+Manuel Collado notes that in addition to commas, a CSV field can also
+contains quotes, that have to be escaped by doubling them. The previously
+described regexps fail to accept quoted fields with both commas and
+quotes inside. He suggests that the simplest @code{FPAT} expression that
+recognizes this kind of fields is @code{/([^,]*)|("([^"]|"")+")/}. He
+provides the following imput data test these variants:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/sample.csv
+p,"q,r",s
+p,"q""r",s
+p,"q,""r",s
+p,"",s
+p,,s
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+And here is his test program:
+
+@example
+@c file eg/misc/test-csv.awk
+@group
+BEGIN @{
+ fp[0] = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[1] = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
+ fp[2] = "([^,]*)|(\"([^\"]|\"\")+\")"
+ FPAT = fp[fpat+0]
+@}
+@end group
+
+@group
+@{
+ print "<" $0 ">"
+ printf("NF = %s ", NF)
+ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) @{
+ printf("<%s>", $i)
+ @}
+ print ""
+@}
+@end group
+@c endfile
+@end example
+
+When run on the third variant, it produces:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -v fpat=2 -f test-csv.awk sample.csv}
+@print{} <p,"q,r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"q,""r",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><"q,""r"><s>
+@print{} <p,"",s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><""><s>
+@print{} <p,,s>
+@print{} NF = 3 <p><><s>
+@end example
+
@node Testing field creation
@section Checking How @command{gawk} Is Splitting Records
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of changes:
awklib/eg/misc/sample.csv | 5 +
awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk | 15 +
doc/ChangeLog | 5 +
doc/gawk.info | 1267 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
doc/gawk.texi | 84 ++-
doc/gawktexi.in | 84 ++-
6 files changed, 842 insertions(+), 618 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 awklib/eg/misc/sample.csv
create mode 100644 awklib/eg/misc/test-csv.awk
hooks/post-receive
--
gawk
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Arnold Robbins <=