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[gawk-diffs] [SCM] gawk branch, master, updated. gawk-4.1.0-1389-g3cb8fc
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From: |
Arnold Robbins |
|
Subject: |
[gawk-diffs] [SCM] gawk branch, master, updated. gawk-4.1.0-1389-g3cb8fca |
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Date: |
Thu, 14 May 2015 12:18:37 +0000 |
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- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------
http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/gawk.git/commit/?id=3cb8fca4531cb348984bfc5ff499fbd1e1036f69
commit 3cb8fca4531cb348984bfc5ff499fbd1e1036f69
Merge: 4875ca0 5947a3b
Author: Arnold D. Robbins <address@hidden>
Date: Thu May 14 15:18:30 2015 +0300
Merge branch 'gawk-4.1-stable'
diff --cc doc/gawk.info
index c7fd5c3,74a579e..695e59c
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@@ -199,25 -199,24 +199,25 @@@ in (a) below. A copy of the license i
* Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content
* Multiple Line:: Reading multiline records.
* Getline:: Reading files under explicit program
- control using the `getline'
+ control using the 'getline'
function.
- * Plain Getline:: Using `getline' with no
+ * Plain Getline:: Using 'getline' with no
arguments.
- * Getline/Variable:: Using `getline' into a variable.
- * Getline/File:: Using `getline' from a file.
- * Getline/Variable/File:: Using `getline' into a variable
+ * Getline/Variable:: Using 'getline' into a variable.
+ * Getline/File:: Using 'getline' from a file.
+ * Getline/Variable/File:: Using 'getline' into a variable
from a file.
- * Getline/Pipe:: Using `getline' from a pipe.
- * Getline/Variable/Pipe:: Using `getline' into a variable
+ * Getline/Pipe:: Using 'getline' from a pipe.
+ * Getline/Variable/Pipe:: Using 'getline' into a variable
from a pipe.
- * Getline/Coprocess:: Using `getline' from a coprocess.
- * Getline/Variable/Coprocess:: Using `getline' into a variable
+ * Getline/Coprocess:: Using 'getline' from a coprocess.
+ * Getline/Variable/Coprocess:: Using 'getline' into a variable
from a coprocess.
* Getline Notes:: Important things to know about
- `getline'.
- * Getline Summary:: Summary of `getline' Variants.
+ 'getline'.
+ * Getline Summary:: Summary of 'getline' Variants.
* Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout.
+* Retrying Input:: Retrying input after certain errors.
* Command-line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on
the command line.
* Input Summary:: Input summary.
@@@ -615,10 -612,9 +615,10 @@@
* Getting:: How to get the distribution.
* Extracting:: How to extract the distribution.
* Distribution contents:: What is in the distribution.
- * Unix Installation:: Installing `gawk' under
+ * Unix Installation:: Installing 'gawk' under
various versions of Unix.
- * Quick Installation:: Compiling `gawk' under Unix.
+ * Quick Installation:: Compiling 'gawk' under Unix.
+* Shell Startup Files:: Shell convenience functions.
* Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options.
* Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work.
* Non-Unix Installation:: Installation on Other Operating
@@@ -2636,19 -2621,21 +2625,19 @@@ The following list describes options ma
Force the use of the locale's decimal point character when parsing
numeric input data (*note Locales::).
- `-o'[FILE]
- `--pretty-print'[`='FILE]
- Enable pretty-printing of `awk' programs. By default, the output
- program is created in a file named `awkprof.out' (*note
+ '-o'[FILE]
+ '--pretty-print'['='FILE]
+ Enable pretty-printing of 'awk' programs. By default, the output
+ program is created in a file named 'awkprof.out' (*note
Profiling::). The optional FILE argument allows you to specify a
different file name for the output. No space is allowed between
- the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied.
+ the '-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied.
- NOTE: Due to the way 'gawk' has evolved, with this option your
- program still executes. This will change in the next major
- release, such that 'gawk' will only pretty-print the program
- and not run it.
+ NOTE: In the past, this option would also execute your
+ program. This is no longer the case.
- `-O'
- `--optimize'
+ '-O'
+ '--optimize'
Enable some optimizations on the internal representation of the
program. At the moment, this includes just simple constant
folding.
@@@ -2929,34 -2915,31 +2917,34 @@@ path is searched again after adding th
Bourne-Again SHell manual' (http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/).)
It treats a null entry in the path as indicating the current directory.
(A null entry is indicated by starting or ending the path with a colon
- or by placing two colons next to each other [`::'].)
+ or by placing two colons next to each other ['::'].)
NOTE: To include the current directory in the path, either place
- `.' as an entry in the path or write a null entry in the path.
+ '.' as an entry in the path or write a null entry in the path.
- Different past versions of `gawk' would also look explicitly in
- the current directory, either before or after the path search. As
- of version 4.1.2, this no longer happens; if you wish to look in
- the current directory, you must include `.' either as a separate
- entry or as a null entry in the search path.
+ Different past versions of 'gawk' would also look explicitly in the
+ current directory, either before or after the path search. As of
+ version 4.1.2, this no longer happens; if you wish to look in the
+ current directory, you must include '.' either as a separate entry
+ or as a null entry in the search path.
- The default value for `AWKPATH' is `.:/usr/local/share/awk'.(2)
- Since `.' is included at the beginning, `gawk' searches first in the
- current directory and then in `/usr/local/share/awk'. In practice,
- this means that you will rarely need to change the value of `AWKPATH'.
+ The default value for 'AWKPATH' is '.:/usr/local/share/awk'.(2)
+ Since '.' is included at the beginning, 'gawk' searches first in the
+ current directory and then in '/usr/local/share/awk'. In practice, this
+ means that you will rarely need to change the value of 'AWKPATH'.
+ *Note Shell Startup Files::, for information on functions that help
- to manipulate the `AWKPATH' variable.
++to manipulate the 'AWKPATH' variable.
+
- `gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into
- `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path
- value from within an `awk' program.
+ 'gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into
+ 'ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path
+ value from within an 'awk' program.
- Although you can change `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]' within your `awk'
+ Although you can change 'ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]' within your 'awk'
program, this has no effect on the running program's behavior. This
- makes sense: the `AWKPATH' environment variable is used to find the
+ makes sense: the 'AWKPATH' environment variable is used to find the
program source files. Once your program is running, all the files have
- been found, and `gawk' no longer needs to use `AWKPATH'.
+ been found, and 'gawk' no longer needs to use 'AWKPATH'.
---------- Footnotes ----------
@@@ -2970,29 -2953,26 +2958,29 @@@ probably don't need to worry about this
File: gawk.info, Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable, Next: Other Environment
Variables, Prev: AWKPATH Variable, Up: Environment Variables
- 2.5.2 The `AWKLIBPATH' Environment Variable
+ 2.5.2 The 'AWKLIBPATH' Environment Variable
-------------------------------------------
- The `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable is similar to the `AWKPATH'
+ The 'AWKLIBPATH' environment variable is similar to the 'AWKPATH'
variable, but it is used to search for loadable extensions (stored as
- system shared libraries) specified with the `-l' option rather than for
- source files. If the extension is not found, the path is searched
- again after adding the appropriate shared library suffix for the
- platform. For example, on GNU/Linux systems, the suffix `.so' is used.
- The search path specified is also used for extensions loaded via the
- address@hidden' keyword (*note Loading Shared Libraries::).
-
- If `AWKLIBPATH' does not exist in the environment, or if it has an
- empty value, `gawk' uses a default path; this is typically
- `/usr/local/lib/gawk', although it can vary depending upon how `gawk'
+ system shared libraries) specified with the '-l' option rather than for
+ source files. If the extension is not found, the path is searched again
+ after adding the appropriate shared library suffix for the platform.
+ For example, on GNU/Linux systems, the suffix '.so' is used. The search
+ path specified is also used for extensions loaded via the '@load'
+ keyword (*note Loading Shared Libraries::).
+
+ If 'AWKLIBPATH' does not exist in the environment, or if it has an
+ empty value, 'gawk' uses a default path; this is typically
+ '/usr/local/lib/gawk', although it can vary depending upon how 'gawk'
was built.
+ *Note Shell Startup Files::, for information on functions that help
- to manipulate the `AWKLIBPATH' variable.
++to manipulate the 'AWKLIBPATH' variable.
+
- `gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into
- `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path
- value from within an `awk' program.
+ 'gawk' places the value of the search path that it used into
+ 'ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'. This provides access to the actual search path
+ value from within an 'awk' program.
File: gawk.info, Node: Other Environment Variables, Prev: AWKLIBPATH
Variable, Up: Environment Variables
@@@ -3000,27 -2980,26 +2988,27 @@@
2.5.3 Other Environment Variables
---------------------------------
- A number of other environment variables affect `gawk''s behavior, but
- they are more specialized. Those in the following list are meant to be
+ A number of other environment variables affect 'gawk''s behavior, but
+ they are more specialized. Those in the following list are meant to be
used by regular users:
- `GAWK_MSEC_SLEEP'
- Specifies the interval between connection retries, in
- milliseconds. On systems that do not support the `usleep()' system
- call, the value is rounded up to an integral number of seconds.
+ 'GAWK_MSEC_SLEEP'
+ Specifies the interval between connection retries, in milliseconds.
+ On systems that do not support the 'usleep()' system call, the
+ value is rounded up to an integral number of seconds.
- `GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT'
- Specifies the time, in milliseconds, for `gawk' to wait for input
+ 'GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT'
+ Specifies the time, in milliseconds, for 'gawk' to wait for input
before returning with an error. *Note Read Timeout::.
- `GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES'
- Controls the number of times `gawk' attempts to retry a two-way
+ 'GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES'
+ Controls the number of times 'gawk' attempts to retry a two-way
TCP/IP (socket) connection before giving up. *Note TCP/IP
- Networking::.
+ Networking::. Note that when nonfatal I/O is enabled (*note
- Nonfatal::), `gawk' only tries to open a TCP/IP socket once.
++ Nonfatal::), 'gawk' only tries to open a TCP/IP socket once.
- `POSIXLY_CORRECT'
- Causes `gawk' to switch to POSIX-compatibility mode, disabling all
+ 'POSIXLY_CORRECT'
+ Causes 'gawk' to switch to POSIX-compatibility mode, disabling all
traditional and GNU extensions. *Note Options::.
The environment variables in the following list are meant for use by
@@@ -3062,20 -3041,27 +3050,20 @@@ change. The variables are
supposed to be differences, but occasionally theory and practice
don't coordinate with each other.)
- `GAWK_STACKSIZE'
- This specifies the amount by which `gawk' should grow its internal
-'GAWK_NO_PP_RUN'
- When 'gawk' is invoked with the '--pretty-print' option, it will
- not run the program if this environment variable exists.
-
- CAUTION: This variable will not survive into the next major
- release.
-
+ 'GAWK_STACKSIZE'
+ This specifies the amount by which 'gawk' should grow its internal
evaluation stack, when needed.
- `INT_CHAIN_MAX'
- This specifies intended maximum number of items `gawk' will
+ 'INT_CHAIN_MAX'
+ This specifies intended maximum number of items 'gawk' will
maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by integers.
- `STR_CHAIN_MAX'
- This specifies intended maximum number of items `gawk' will
+ 'STR_CHAIN_MAX'
+ This specifies intended maximum number of items 'gawk' will
maintain on a hash chain for managing arrays indexed by strings.
- `TIDYMEM'
- If this variable exists, `gawk' uses the `mtrace()' library calls
+ 'TIDYMEM'
+ If this variable exists, 'gawk' uses the 'mtrace()' library calls
from the GNU C library to help track down possible memory leaks.
@@@ -3407,83 -3392,80 +3394,83 @@@ double-quote character as a part of th
$ awk 'BEGIN { print "He said \"hi!\" to her." }'
-| He said "hi!" to her.
- The backslash character itself is another character that cannot be
- included normally; you must write `\\' to put one backslash in the
+ The backslash character itself is another character that cannot be
+ included normally; you must write '\\' to put one backslash in the
string or regexp. Thus, the string whose contents are the two
- characters `"' and `\' must be written `"\"\\"'.
+ characters '"' and '\' must be written '"\"\\"'.
Other escape sequences represent unprintable characters such as TAB
- or newline. There is nothing to stop you from entering most
- unprintable characters directly in a string constant or regexp constant,
- but they may look ugly.
+ or newline. There is nothing to stop you from entering most unprintable
+ characters directly in a string constant or regexp constant, but they
+ may look ugly.
- The following list presents all the escape sequences used in `awk'
- and what they represent. Unless noted otherwise, all these escape
+ The following list presents all the escape sequences used in 'awk'
+ and what they represent. Unless noted otherwise, all these escape
sequences apply to both string constants and regexp constants:
- `\\'
- A literal backslash, `\'.
+ '\\'
+ A literal backslash, '\'.
- `\a'
- The "alert" character, `Ctrl-g', ASCII code 7 (BEL). (This often
+ '\a'
+ The "alert" character, 'Ctrl-g', ASCII code 7 (BEL). (This often
makes some sort of audible noise.)
- `\b'
- Backspace, `Ctrl-h', ASCII code 8 (BS).
+ '\b'
+ Backspace, 'Ctrl-h', ASCII code 8 (BS).
- `\f'
- Formfeed, `Ctrl-l', ASCII code 12 (FF).
+ '\f'
+ Formfeed, 'Ctrl-l', ASCII code 12 (FF).
- `\n'
- Newline, `Ctrl-j', ASCII code 10 (LF).
+ '\n'
+ Newline, 'Ctrl-j', ASCII code 10 (LF).
- `\r'
- Carriage return, `Ctrl-m', ASCII code 13 (CR).
+ '\r'
+ Carriage return, 'Ctrl-m', ASCII code 13 (CR).
- `\t'
- Horizontal TAB, `Ctrl-i', ASCII code 9 (HT).
+ '\t'
+ Horizontal TAB, 'Ctrl-i', ASCII code 9 (HT).
- `\v'
- Vertical TAB, `Ctrl-k', ASCII code 11 (VT).
+ '\v'
+ Vertical TAB, 'Ctrl-k', ASCII code 11 (VT).
- `\NNN'
- The octal value NNN, where NNN stands for 1 to 3 digits between
- `0' and `7'. For example, the code for the ASCII ESC (escape)
- character is `\033'.
+ '\NNN'
+ The octal value NNN, where NNN stands for 1 to 3 digits between '0'
+ and '7'. For example, the code for the ASCII ESC (escape)
+ character is '\033'.
- `\xHH...'
+ '\xHH...'
The hexadecimal value HH, where HH stands for a sequence of
- hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). A
- maximum of two digts are allowed after the `\x'. Any further
- hexadecimal digits ('0'-'9', and either 'A'-'F' or 'a'-'f'). Like
- the same construct in ISO C, the escape sequence continues until
- the first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. (c.e.) However, using
- more than two hexadecimal digits produces undefined results. (The
- '\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX 'awk'.)
-
- CAUTION: The next major release of 'gawk' will change, such
- that a maximum of two hexadecimal digits following the '\x'
- will be used.
++ hexadecimal digits ('0'-'9', and either 'A'-'F' or 'a'-'f'). A
++ maximum of two digts are allowed after the '\x'. Any further
+ hexadecimal digits are treated as simple letters or numbers.
- (c.e.) (The `\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX awk.)
++ (c.e.) (The '\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX awk.)
+
+ CAUTION: In ISO C, the escape sequence continues until the
- first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. For many years, `gawk'
- would continue incorporating hexadecimal digits into the
- value until a non-hexadecimal digit or the end of the string
- was encountered. However, using more than two hexadecimal
- digits produced undefined results. As of version 4.2, only
- two digits are processed.
-
- `\/'
++ first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. For many years, 'gawk'
++ would continue incorporating hexadecimal digits into the value
++ until a non-hexadecimal digit or the end of the string was
++ encountered. However, using more than two hexadecimal digits
++ produced undefined results. As of version 4.2, only two
++ digits are processed.
+
+ '\/'
A literal slash (necessary for regexp constants only). This
sequence is used when you want to write a regexp constant that
- contains a slash (such as `/.*:\/home\/[[:alnum:]]+:.*/'; the
- `[[:alnum:]]' notation is discussed in *note Bracket
+ contains a slash (such as '/.*:\/home\/[[:alnum:]]+:.*/'; the
+ '[[:alnum:]]' notation is discussed in *note Bracket
Expressions::). Because the regexp is delimited by slashes, you
need to escape any slash that is part of the pattern, in order to
- tell `awk' to keep processing the rest of the regexp.
+ tell 'awk' to keep processing the rest of the regexp.
- `\"'
- A literal double quote (necessary for string constants only).
- This sequence is used when you want to write a string constant
- that contains a double quote (such as `"He said \"hi!\" to her."').
+ '\"'
+ A literal double quote (necessary for string constants only). This
+ sequence is used when you want to write a string constant that
+ contains a double quote (such as '"He said \"hi!\" to her."').
Because the string is delimited by double quotes, you need to
- escape any quote that is part of the string, in order to tell
- `awk' to keep processing the rest of the string.
+ escape any quote that is part of the string, in order to tell 'awk'
+ to keep processing the rest of the string.
- In `gawk', a number of additional two-character sequences that begin
+ In 'gawk', a number of additional two-character sequences that begin
with a backslash have special meaning in regexps. *Note GNU Regexp
Operators::.
@@@ -4178,9 -4157,8 +4162,9 @@@ be named on the 'awk' command line (*no
* Splitting By Content:: Defining Fields By Content
* Multiple Line:: Reading multiline records.
* Getline:: Reading files under explicit program control
- using the `getline' function.
+ using the 'getline' function.
* Read Timeout:: Reading input with a timeout.
+* Retrying Input:: Retrying input after certain errors.
* Command-line directories:: What happens if you put a directory on the
command line.
* Input Summary:: Input summary.
@@@ -5431,33 -5400,28 +5406,33 @@@ separator of a single space: 'FS = " "'
File: gawk.info, Node: Getline, Next: Read Timeout, Prev: Multiple Line,
Up: Reading Files
- 4.9 Explicit Input with `getline'
+ 4.9 Explicit Input with 'getline'
=================================
- So far we have been getting our input data from `awk''s main input
+ So far we have been getting our input data from 'awk''s main input
stream--either the standard input (usually your keyboard, sometimes the
- output from another program) or the files specified on the command
- line. The `awk' language has a special built-in command called
- `getline' that can be used to read input under your explicit control.
-
- The `getline' command is used in several different ways and should
- _not_ be used by beginners. The examples that follow the explanation
- of the `getline' command include material that has not been covered
- yet. Therefore, come back and study the `getline' command _after_ you
- have reviewed the rest of this Info file and have a good knowledge of
- how `awk' works.
-
- The `getline' command returns 1 if it finds a record and 0 if it
+ output from another program) or the files specified on the command line.
+ The 'awk' language has a special built-in command called 'getline' that
+ can be used to read input under your explicit control.
+
+ The 'getline' command is used in several different ways and should
+ _not_ be used by beginners. The examples that follow the explanation of
+ the 'getline' command include material that has not been covered yet.
+ Therefore, come back and study the 'getline' command _after_ you have
+ reviewed the rest of this Info file and have a good knowledge of how
+ 'awk' works.
+
+ The 'getline' command returns 1 if it finds a record and 0 if it
encounters the end of the file. If there is some error in getting a
- record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then `getline' returns
- -1. In this case, `gawk' sets the variable `ERRNO' to a string
- describing the error that occurred.
+ record, such as a file that cannot be opened, then 'getline' returns -1.
+ In this case, 'gawk' sets the variable 'ERRNO' to a string describing
+ the error that occurred.
- If `ERRNO' indicates that the I/O operation may be retried, and
- `PROCINFO["INPUT", "RETRY"]' is set, then `getline' returns -2 instead
- of -1, and further calls to `getline' may be attemped. *Note Retrying
++ If 'ERRNO' indicates that the I/O operation may be retried, and
++'PROCINFO["INPUT", "RETRY"]' is set, then 'getline' returns -2 instead
++of -1, and further calls to 'getline' may be attemped. *Note Retrying
+Input::, for further information about this feature.
+
In the following examples, COMMAND stands for a string value that
represents a shell command.
@@@ -5869,32 -5831,33 +5842,33 @@@ in mind
File: gawk.info, Node: Getline Summary, Prev: Getline Notes, Up: Getline
- 4.9.10 Summary of `getline' Variants
+ 4.9.10 Summary of 'getline' Variants
------------------------------------
- *note table-getline-variants:: summarizes the eight variants of
- `getline', listing which predefined variables are set by each one, and
- whether the variant is standard or a `gawk' extension. Note: for each
- variant, `gawk' sets the `RT' predefined variable.
-
- Variant Effect `awk' / `gawk'
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- `getline' Sets `$0', `NF', `FNR', `awk'
- `NR', and `RT'
- `getline' VAR Sets VAR, `FNR', `NR', and `awk'
- `RT'
- `getline <' FILE Sets `$0', `NF', and `RT' `awk'
- `getline VAR < FILE' Sets VAR and `RT' `awk'
- COMMAND `| getline' Sets `$0', `NF', and `RT' `awk'
- COMMAND `| getline' VAR Sets VAR and `RT' `awk'
- COMMAND `|& getline' Sets `$0', `NF', and `RT' `gawk'
- COMMAND `|& getline' Sets VAR and `RT' `gawk'
- VAR
-
- Table 4.1: `getline' variants and what they set
+ *note Table 4.1: table-getline-variants. summarizes the eight variants
+ of 'getline', listing which predefined variables are set by each one,
+ and whether the variant is standard or a 'gawk' extension. Note: for
+ each variant, 'gawk' sets the 'RT' predefined variable.
+
+ Variant Effect 'awk' / 'gawk'
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'getline' Sets '$0', 'NF', 'FNR', 'awk'
+ 'NR', and 'RT'
+ 'getline' VAR Sets VAR, 'FNR', 'NR', 'awk'
+ and 'RT'
+ 'getline <' FILE Sets '$0', 'NF', and 'RT' 'awk'
+ 'getline VAR < FILE' Sets VAR and 'RT' 'awk'
+ COMMAND '| getline' Sets '$0', 'NF', and 'RT' 'awk'
+ COMMAND '| getline' Sets VAR and 'RT' 'awk'
+ VAR
+ COMMAND '|& getline' Sets '$0', 'NF', and 'RT' 'gawk'
+ COMMAND '|& getline' Sets VAR and 'RT' 'gawk'
+ VAR
+
+ Table 4.1: 'getline' variants and what they set
-File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Command-line directories, Prev:
Getline, Up: Reading Files
+File: gawk.info, Node: Read Timeout, Next: Retrying Input, Prev: Getline,
Up: Reading Files
4.10 Reading Input with a Timeout
=================================
@@@ -5959,75 -5922,46 +5933,74 @@@ input to arrive
}
NOTE: You should not assume that the read operation will block
- exactly after the tenth record has been printed. It is possible
- that `gawk' will read and buffer more than one record's worth of
- data the first time. Because of this, changing the value of
+ exactly after the tenth record has been printed. It is possible
+ that 'gawk' will read and buffer more than one record's worth of
+ data the first time. Because of this, changing the value of
timeout like in the preceding example is not very useful.
- If the `PROCINFO' element is not present and the `GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT'
- environment variable exists, `gawk' uses its value to initialize the
- timeout value. The exclusive use of the environment variable to
- specify timeout has the disadvantage of not being able to control it on
- a per-command or per-connection basis.
+ If the 'PROCINFO' element is not present and the 'GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT'
+ environment variable exists, 'gawk' uses its value to initialize the
+ timeout value. The exclusive use of the environment variable to specify
+ timeout has the disadvantage of not being able to control it on a
+ per-command or per-connection basis.
- `gawk' considers a timeout event to be an error even though the
+ 'gawk' considers a timeout event to be an error even though the
attempt to read from the underlying device may succeed in a later
- attempt. This is a limitation, and it also means that you cannot use
+ attempt. This is a limitation, and it also means that you cannot use
-this to multiplex input from two or more sources.
+this to multiplex input from two or more sources. *Note Retrying
+Input::, for a way to enable later I/O attempts to succeed.
Assigning a timeout value prevents read operations from blocking
- indefinitely. But bear in mind that there are other ways `gawk' can
+ indefinitely. But bear in mind that there are other ways 'gawk' can
stall waiting for an input device to be ready. A network client can
- sometimes take a long time to establish a connection before it can
- start reading any data, or the attempt to open a FIFO special file for
- reading can block indefinitely until some other process opens it for
- writing.
+ sometimes take a long time to establish a connection before it can start
+ reading any data, or the attempt to open a FIFO special file for reading
+ can block indefinitely until some other process opens it for writing.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) This assumes that standard input is the keyboard.
-File: gawk.info, Node: Command-line directories, Next: Input Summary,
Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files
+File: gawk.info, Node: Retrying Input, Next: Command-line directories,
Prev: Read Timeout, Up: Reading Files
+
+4.11 Retrying Reads After Certain Input Errors
+==============================================
+
- This minor node describes a feature that is specific to `gawk'.
++This minor node describes a feature that is specific to 'gawk'.
+
- When `gawk' encounters an error while reading input, by default
- `getline' returns -1, and subsequent attempts to read from that file
++ When 'gawk' encounters an error while reading input, by default
++'getline' returns -1, and subsequent attempts to read from that file
+result in an end-of-file indication. However, you may optionally
- instruct `gawk' to allow I/O to be retried when certain errors are
- encountered by setting a special element in the `PROCINFO' array (*note
++instruct 'gawk' to allow I/O to be retried when certain errors are
++encountered by setting a special element in the 'PROCINFO' array (*note
+Auto-set::):
+
+ PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME", "RETRY"] = 1
+
- When this element exists, `gawk' checks the value of the system (C
- language) `errno' variable when an I/O error occurs. If `errno'
- indicates a subsequent I/O attempt may succeed, `getline' instead
- returns -2 and further calls to `getline' may succeed. This applies to
- the `errno' values `EAGAIN', `EWOULDBLOCK', `EINTR', or `ETIMEDOUT'.
++ When this element exists, 'gawk' checks the value of the system (C
++language) 'errno' variable when an I/O error occurs. If 'errno'
++indicates a subsequent I/O attempt may succeed, 'getline' instead
++returns -2 and further calls to 'getline' may succeed. This applies to
++the 'errno' values 'EAGAIN', 'EWOULDBLOCK', 'EINTR', or 'ETIMEDOUT'.
+
- This feature is useful in conjunction with `PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME",
++ This feature is useful in conjunction with 'PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME",
+"READ_TIMEOUT"]' or situations where a file descriptor has been
+configured to behave in a non-blocking fashion.
+
+
+File: gawk.info, Node: Command-line directories, Next: Input Summary,
Prev: Retrying Input, Up: Reading Files
-4.11 Directories on the Command Line
+4.12 Directories on the Command Line
====================================
- According to the POSIX standard, files named on the `awk' command line
+ According to the POSIX standard, files named on the 'awk' command line
must be text files; it is a fatal error if they are not. Most versions
- of `awk' treat a directory on the command line as a fatal error.
+ of 'awk' treat a directory on the command line as a fatal error.
- By default, `gawk' produces a warning for a directory on the command
+ By default, 'gawk' produces a warning for a directory on the command
line, but otherwise ignores it. This makes it easier to use shell
- wildcards with your `awk' program:
+ wildcards with your 'awk' program:
$ gawk -f whizprog.awk * Directories could kill this program
@@@ -6041,40 -5975,40 +6014,40 @@@ usable data from an 'awk' program
File: gawk.info, Node: Input Summary, Next: Input Exercises, Prev:
Command-line directories, Up: Reading Files
-4.12 Summary
+4.13 Summary
============
- * Input is split into records based on the value of `RS'. The
+ * Input is split into records based on the value of 'RS'. The
possibilities are as follows:
- Value of `RS' Records are split on `awk' / `gawk'
- ...
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Any single That character `awk'
- character
- The empty string Runs of two or more `awk'
- (`""') newlines
- A regexp Text that matches the `gawk'
- regexp
-
- * `FNR' indicates how many records have been read from the current
- input file; `NR' indicates how many records have been read in
+ Value of 'RS' Records are split on 'awk' / 'gawk'
+ ...
+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Any single That character 'awk'
+ character
+ The empty string Runs of two or more 'awk'
+ ('""') newlines
+ A regexp Text that matches the 'gawk'
+ regexp
+
+ * 'FNR' indicates how many records have been read from the current
+ input file; 'NR' indicates how many records have been read in
total.
- * `gawk' sets `RT' to the text matched by `RS'.
+ * 'gawk' sets 'RT' to the text matched by 'RS'.
- * After splitting the input into records, `awk' further splits the
- records into individual fields, named `$1', `$2', and so on. `$0'
- is the whole record, and `NF' indicates how many fields there are.
+ * After splitting the input into records, 'awk' further splits the
+ records into individual fields, named '$1', '$2', and so on. '$0'
+ is the whole record, and 'NF' indicates how many fields there are.
The default way to split fields is between whitespace characters.
- * Fields may be referenced using a variable, as in `$NF'. Fields
- may also be assigned values, which causes the value of `$0' to be
- recomputed when it is later referenced. Assigning to a field with
- a number greater than `NF' creates the field and rebuilds the
- record, using `OFS' to separate the fields. Incrementing `NF'
- does the same thing. Decrementing `NF' throws away fields and
- rebuilds the record.
+ * Fields may be referenced using a variable, as in '$NF'. Fields may
+ also be assigned values, which causes the value of '$0' to be
+ recomputed when it is later referenced. Assigning to a field with
+ a number greater than 'NF' creates the field and rebuilds the
+ record, using 'OFS' to separate the fields. Incrementing 'NF' does
+ the same thing. Decrementing 'NF' throws away fields and rebuilds
+ the record.
* Field splitting is more complicated than record splitting:
@@@ -6115,10 -6047,10 +6086,10 @@@
File: gawk.info, Node: Input Exercises, Prev: Input Summary, Up: Reading
Files
-4.13 Exercises
+4.14 Exercises
==============
- 1. Using the `FIELDWIDTHS' variable (*note Constant Size::), write a
+ 1. Using the 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable (*note Constant Size::), write a
program to read election data, where each record represents one
voter's votes. Come up with a way to define which columns are
associated with each ballot item, and print the total votes,
@@@ -6162,11 -6093,10 +6132,11 @@@ function
* Redirection:: How to redirect output to multiple files and
pipes.
* Special FD:: Special files for I/O.
- * Special Files:: File name interpretation in `gawk'.
- `gawk' allows access to inherited file
+ * Special Files:: File name interpretation in 'gawk'.
+ 'gawk' allows access to inherited file
descriptors.
* Close Files And Pipes:: Closing Input and Output Files and Pipes.
+* Nonfatal:: Enabling Nonfatal Output.
* Output Summary:: Output summary.
* Output Exercises:: Exercises.
@@@ -7249,76 -7172,17 +7212,76 @@@ call. See the system manual pages for
value.
-File: gawk.info, Node: Output Summary, Next: Output Exercises, Prev: Close
Files And Pipes, Up: Printing
+File: gawk.info, Node: Nonfatal, Next: Output Summary, Prev: Close Files
And Pipes, Up: Printing
+
+5.10 Enabling Nonfatal Output
+=============================
+
- This minor node describes a `gawk'-specific feature.
++This minor node describes a 'gawk'-specific feature.
+
- In standard `awk', output with `print' or `printf' to a nonexistent
++ In standard 'awk', output with 'print' or 'printf' to a nonexistent
+file, or some other I/O error (such as filling up the disk) is a fatal
+error.
+
+ $ gawk 'BEGIN { print "hi" > "/no/such/file" }'
- error--> gawk: cmd. line:1: fatal: can't redirect to `/no/such/file' (No
such file or directory)
++ error-> gawk: cmd. line:1: fatal: can't redirect to `/no/such/file' (No
such file or directory)
+
- `gawk' makes it possible to detect that an error has occurred,
++ 'gawk' makes it possible to detect that an error has occurred,
+allowing you to possibly recover from the error, or at least print an
+error message of your choosing before exiting. You can do this in one
+of two ways:
+
+ * For all output files, by assigning any value to
- `PROCINFO["NONFATAL"]'.
++ 'PROCINFO["NONFATAL"]'.
+
- * On a per-file basis, by assigning any value to `PROCINFO[FILENAME,
++ * On a per-file basis, by assigning any value to 'PROCINFO[FILENAME,
+ "NONFATAL"]'. Here, FILENAME is the name of the file to which you
+ wish output to be nonfatal.
+
- Once you have enabled nonfatal output, you must check `ERRNO' after
- every relevant `print' or `printf' statement to see if something went
- wrong. It is also a good idea to initialize `ERRNO' to zero before
- attempting the output. For example:
++ Once you have enabled nonfatal output, you must check 'ERRNO' after
++every relevant 'print' or 'printf' statement to see if something went
++wrong. It is also a good idea to initialize 'ERRNO' to zero before
++attempting the output. For example:
+
+ $ gawk '
+ > BEGIN {
+ > PROCINFO["NONFATAL"] = 1
+ > ERRNO = 0
+ > print "hi" > "/no/such/file"
+ > if (ERRNO) {
+ > print("Output failed:", ERRNO) > "/dev/stderr"
+ > exit 1
+ > }
+ > }'
- error--> Output failed: No such file or directory
++ error-> Output failed: No such file or directory
+
- Here, `gawk' did not produce a fatal error; instead it let the `awk'
++ Here, 'gawk' did not produce a fatal error; instead it let the 'awk'
+program code detect the problem and handle it.
-5.10 Summary
+ This mechanism works also for standard output and standard error.
- For standard output, you may use `PROCINFO["-", "NONFATAL"]' or
- `PROCINFO["/dev/stdout", "NONFATAL"]'. For standard error, use
- `PROCINFO["/dev/stderr", "NONFATAL"]'.
++For standard output, you may use 'PROCINFO["-", "NONFATAL"]' or
++'PROCINFO["/dev/stdout", "NONFATAL"]'. For standard error, use
++'PROCINFO["/dev/stderr", "NONFATAL"]'.
+
+ When attempting to open a TCP/IP socket (*note TCP/IP Networking::),
- `gawk' tries multiple times. The `GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES' environment
++'gawk' tries multiple times. The 'GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES' environment
+variable (*note Other Environment Variables::) allows you to override
- `gawk''s builtin default number of attempts. However, once nonfatal
- I/O is enabled for a given socket, `gawk' only retries once, relying on
- `awk'-level code to notice that there was a problem.
++'gawk''s builtin default number of attempts. However, once nonfatal I/O
++is enabled for a given socket, 'gawk' only retries once, relying on
++'awk'-level code to notice that there was a problem.
+
+
+File: gawk.info, Node: Output Summary, Next: Output Exercises, Prev:
Nonfatal, Up: Printing
+
+5.11 Summary
============
- * The `print' statement prints comma-separated expressions. Each
- expression is separated by the value of `OFS' and terminated by
- the value of `ORS'. `OFMT' provides the conversion format for
- numeric values for the `print' statement.
+ * The 'print' statement prints comma-separated expressions. Each
+ expression is separated by the value of 'OFS' and terminated by the
+ value of 'ORS'. 'OFMT' provides the conversion format for numeric
+ values for the 'print' statement.
- * The `printf' statement provides finer-grained control over output,
+ * The 'printf' statement provides finer-grained control over output,
with format-control letters for different data types and various
flags that modify the behavior of the format-control letters.
@@@ -7332,12 -7196,6 +7295,11 @@@
For coprocesses, it is possible to close only one direction of the
communications.
- * Normally errors with `print' or `printf' are fatal. `gawk' lets
++ * Normally errors with 'print' or 'printf' are fatal. 'gawk' lets
+ you make output errors be nonfatal either for all files or on a
- per-file basis. You must then check for errors after every
++ per-file basis. You must then check for errors after every
+ relevant output statement.
+
-
File: gawk.info, Node: Output Exercises, Prev: Output Summary, Up: Printing
@@@ -10428,149 -10274,125 +10378,148 @@@ they are not special
distinguish between successive instances of the same file name on
the command line.
- While you can change the value of `ARGIND' within your `awk'
- program, `gawk' automatically sets it to a new value when it opens
+ While you can change the value of 'ARGIND' within your 'awk'
+ program, 'gawk' automatically sets it to a new value when it opens
the next file.
- `ENVIRON'
- An associative array containing the values of the environment.
- The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements
- are the values of the particular environment variables. For
- example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'.
+ 'ENVIRON'
+ An associative array containing the values of the environment. The
+ array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are
+ the values of the particular environment variables. For example,
- 'ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be '"/home/arnold"'. Changing this array
- does not affect the environment passed on to any programs that
- 'awk' may spawn via redirection or the 'system()' function. (In a
- future version of 'gawk', it may do so.)
++ 'ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be '/home/arnold'.
+
- For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the
- environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via
- redirection or the `system()' function.
++ For POSIX 'awk', changing this array does not affect the
++ environment passed on to any programs that 'awk' may spawn via
++ redirection or the 'system()' function.
+
+ However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility
- mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is
++ mode, 'gawk' does update its own environment when 'ENVIRON' is
+ changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it
+ creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify
- `ENVIRON["PATH"]', which is the search path for finding executable
++ 'ENVIRON["PATH"]', which is the search path for finding executable
+ programs.
+
- This can also affect the running `gawk' program, since some of the
++ This can also affect the running 'gawk' program, since some of the
+ built-in functions may pay attention to certain environment
- variables. The most notable instance of this is `mktime()' (*note
- Time Functions::), which pays attention the value of the `TZ'
++ variables. The most notable instance of this is 'mktime()' (*note
++ Time Functions::), which pays attention the value of the 'TZ'
+ environment variable on many systems.
- Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On
- such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for
- `ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]' and `ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'; *note AWKPATH
- Variable::, and *note AWKLIBPATH Variable::).
+ Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such
+ systems, the 'ENVIRON' array is empty (except for 'ENVIRON["AWKPATH"]'
+ and 'ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"]'; *note AWKPATH Variable::, and *note
+ AWKLIBPATH Variable::).
- `ERRNO #'
- If a system error occurs during a redirection for `getline', during
- a read for `getline', or during a `close()' operation, then
- `ERRNO' contains a string describing the error.
+ 'ERRNO #'
+ If a system error occurs during a redirection for 'getline', during
+ a read for 'getline', or during a 'close()' operation, then 'ERRNO'
+ contains a string describing the error.
- In addition, `gawk' clears `ERRNO' before opening each
- command-line input file. This enables checking if the file is
- readable inside a `BEGINFILE' pattern (*note BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::).
+ In addition, 'gawk' clears 'ERRNO' before opening each command-line
+ input file. This enables checking if the file is readable inside a
+ 'BEGINFILE' pattern (*note BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::).
- Otherwise, `ERRNO' works similarly to the C variable `errno'.
- Except for the case just mentioned, `gawk' _never_ clears it (sets
- it to zero or `""'). Thus, you should only expect its value to be
+ Otherwise, 'ERRNO' works similarly to the C variable 'errno'.
+ Except for the case just mentioned, 'gawk' _never_ clears it (sets
+ it to zero or '""'). Thus, you should only expect its value to be
meaningful when an I/O operation returns a failure value, such as
- `getline' returning -1. You are, of course, free to clear it
+ 'getline' returning -1. You are, of course, free to clear it
yourself before doing an I/O operation.
- If the value of `ERRNO' corresponds to a system error in the C
- `errno' variable, then `PROCINFO["errno"]' will be set to the value
- of `errno'. For non-system errors, `PROCINFO["errno"]' will be
++ If the value of 'ERRNO' corresponds to a system error in the C
++ 'errno' variable, then 'PROCINFO["errno"]' will be set to the value
++ of 'errno'. For non-system errors, 'PROCINFO["errno"]' will be
+ zero.
+
- `FILENAME'
+ 'FILENAME'
The name of the current input file. When no data files are listed
- on the command line, `awk' reads from the standard input and
- `FILENAME' is set to `"-"'. `FILENAME' changes each time a new
- file is read (*note Reading Files::). Inside a `BEGIN' rule, the
- value of `FILENAME' is `""', because there are no input files
- being processed yet.(1) (d.c.) Note, though, that using `getline'
- (*note Getline::) inside a `BEGIN' rule can give `FILENAME' a
+ on the command line, 'awk' reads from the standard input and
+ 'FILENAME' is set to '"-"'. 'FILENAME' changes each time a new
+ file is read (*note Reading Files::). Inside a 'BEGIN' rule, the
+ value of 'FILENAME' is '""', because there are no input files being
+ processed yet.(1) (d.c.) Note, though, that using 'getline'
+ (*note Getline::) inside a 'BEGIN' rule can give 'FILENAME' a
value.
- `FNR'
- The current record number in the current file. `awk' increments
- `FNR' each time it reads a new record (*note Records::). `awk'
- resets `FNR' to zero each time it starts a new input file.
+ 'FNR'
+ The current record number in the current file. 'awk' increments
+ 'FNR' each time it reads a new record (*note Records::). 'awk'
+ resets 'FNR' to zero each time it starts a new input file.
- `NF'
- The number of fields in the current input record. `NF' is set
- each time a new record is read, when a new field is created, or
- when `$0' changes (*note Fields::).
+ 'NF'
+ The number of fields in the current input record. 'NF' is set each
+ time a new record is read, when a new field is created, or when
+ '$0' changes (*note Fields::).
Unlike most of the variables described in this node, assigning a
- value to `NF' has the potential to affect `awk''s internal
- workings. In particular, assignments to `NF' can be used to
- create fields in or remove fields from the current record. *Note
- Changing Fields::.
+ value to 'NF' has the potential to affect 'awk''s internal
+ workings. In particular, assignments to 'NF' can be used to create
+ fields in or remove fields from the current record. *Note Changing
+ Fields::.
- `FUNCTAB #'
+ 'FUNCTAB #'
An array whose indices and corresponding values are the names of
all the built-in, user-defined, and extension functions in the
program.
- NOTE: Attempting to use the `delete' statement with the
- `FUNCTAB' array causes a fatal error. Any attempt to assign
- to an element of `FUNCTAB' also causes a fatal error.
+ NOTE: Attempting to use the 'delete' statement with the
+ 'FUNCTAB' array causes a fatal error. Any attempt to assign
+ to an element of 'FUNCTAB' also causes a fatal error.
- `NR'
- The number of input records `awk' has processed since the
- beginning of the program's execution (*note Records::). `awk'
- increments `NR' each time it reads a new record.
+ 'NR'
+ The number of input records 'awk' has processed since the beginning
+ of the program's execution (*note Records::). 'awk' increments
+ 'NR' each time it reads a new record.
- `PROCINFO #'
+ 'PROCINFO #'
The elements of this array provide access to information about the
- running `awk' program. The following elements (listed
+ running 'awk' program. The following elements (listed
alphabetically) are guaranteed to be available:
- `PROCINFO["egid"]'
- The value of the `getegid()' system call.
+ 'PROCINFO["egid"]'
+ The value of the 'getegid()' system call.
- `PROCINFO["errno"]'
- The value of the C `errno' variable when `ERRNO' is set to
- the associated error message.
++ 'PROCINFO["errno"]'
++ The value of the C 'errno' variable when 'ERRNO' is set to the
++ associated error message.
+
- `PROCINFO["euid"]'
- The value of the `geteuid()' system call.
+ 'PROCINFO["euid"]'
+ The value of the 'geteuid()' system call.
- `PROCINFO["FS"]'
- This is `"FS"' if field splitting with `FS' is in effect,
- `"FIELDWIDTHS"' if field splitting with `FIELDWIDTHS' is in
- effect, or `"FPAT"' if field matching with `FPAT' is in
+ 'PROCINFO["FS"]'
+ This is '"FS"' if field splitting with 'FS' is in effect,
+ '"FIELDWIDTHS"' if field splitting with 'FIELDWIDTHS' is in
+ effect, or '"FPAT"' if field matching with 'FPAT' is in
effect.
- `PROCINFO["identifiers"]'
+ 'PROCINFO["identifiers"]'
A subarray, indexed by the names of all identifiers used in
- the text of the `awk' program. An "identifier" is simply the
- name of a variable (be it scalar or array), built-in
- function, user-defined function, or extension function. For
- each identifier, the value of the element is one of the
- following:
+ the text of the 'awk' program. An "identifier" is simply the
+ name of a variable (be it scalar or array), built-in function,
+ user-defined function, or extension function. For each
+ identifier, the value of the element is one of the following:
- `"array"'
+ '"array"'
The identifier is an array.
- `"builtin"'
+ '"builtin"'
The identifier is a built-in function.
- `"extension"'
+ '"extension"'
The identifier is an extension function loaded via
- address@hidden' or `-l'.
+ '@load' or '-l'.
- `"scalar"'
+ '"scalar"'
The identifier is a scalar.
- `"untyped"'
+ '"untyped"'
The identifier is untyped (could be used as a scalar or
- an array; `gawk' doesn't know yet).
+ an array; 'gawk' doesn't know yet).
- `"user"'
+ '"user"'
The identifier is a user-defined function.
- The values indicate what `gawk' knows about the identifiers
+ The values indicate what 'gawk' knows about the identifiers
after it has finished parsing the program; they are _not_
updated while the program runs.
@@@ -10622,31 -10444,27 +10571,31 @@@
The minimum precision required by MPFR.
The following additional elements in the array are available to
- provide information about the version of the extension API, if
- your version of `gawk' supports dynamic loading of extension
- functions (*note Dynamic Extensions::):
+ provide information about the version of the extension API, if your
+ version of 'gawk' supports dynamic loading of extension functions
+ (*note Dynamic Extensions::):
- `PROCINFO["api_major"]'
+ 'PROCINFO["api_major"]'
The major version of the extension API.
- `PROCINFO["api_minor"]'
+ 'PROCINFO["api_minor"]'
The minor version of the extension API.
- On some systems, there may be elements in the array, `"group1"'
- through `"groupN"' for some N. N is the number of supplementary
- groups that the process has. Use the `in' operator to test for
+ On some systems, there may be elements in the array, '"group1"'
+ through '"groupN"' for some N. N is the number of supplementary
+ groups that the process has. Use the 'in' operator to test for
these elements (*note Reference to Elements::).
- The `PROCINFO' array has the following additional uses:
+ The 'PROCINFO' array has the following additional uses:
- * It may be used to provide a timeout when reading from any
- open input file, pipe, or coprocess. *Note Read Timeout::,
- for more information.
+ * It may be used to provide a timeout when reading from any open
+ input file, pipe, or coprocess. *Note Read Timeout::, for
+ more information.
+ * It may be used to indicate that input may be retried when it
- fails due to certain errors. *Note Retrying Input::, for
- more information.
++ fails due to certain errors. *Note Retrying Input::, for more
++ information.
+
* It may be used to cause coprocesses to communicate over
pseudo-ttys instead of through two-way pipes; this is
discussed further in *note Two-way I/O::.
@@@ -12036,33 -11849,18 +11980,33 @@@ with numbers. Optional parameters are
out of range. The range of values X can have depends on your
machine's floating-point representation.
- `int(X)'
+ 'int(X)'
Return the nearest integer to X, located between X and zero and
- truncated toward zero. For example, `int(3)' is 3, `int(3.9)' is
- 3, `int(-3.9)' is -3, and `int(-3)' is -3 as well.
+ truncated toward zero. For example, 'int(3)' is 3, 'int(3.9)' is
+ 3, 'int(-3.9)' is -3, and 'int(-3)' is -3 as well.
- `intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)'
++'intdiv(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)'
+ Perform integer division, similar to the standard C function of the
- same name. First, truncate `numerator' and `denominator' towards
- zero, creating integer values. Clear the `result' array, and then
- set `result["quotient"]' to the result of `numerator /
++ same name. First, truncate 'numerator' and 'denominator' towards
++ zero, creating integer values. Clear the 'result' array, and then
++ set 'result["quotient"]' to the result of 'numerator /
+ denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set
- `result["remainder"]' to the result of `numerator % denominator',
++ 'result["remainder"]' to the result of 'numerator % denominator',
+ truncated towards zero to an integer. This function is primarily
- intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids
- creating MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note
- Arbitrary Precision Integers::).
++ intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids creating
++ MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note Arbitrary
++ Precision Integers::).
+
- This function is a `gawk' extension. It is not available in
++ This function is a 'gawk' extension. It is not available in
+ compatibility mode (*note Options::).
+
- `log(X)'
+ 'log(X)'
Return the natural logarithm of X, if X is positive; otherwise,
- return `NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally,
- `gawk' prints a warning message when `x' is negative.
+ return 'NaN' ("not a number") on IEEE 754 systems. Additionally,
+ 'gawk' prints a warning message when 'x' is negative.
- `rand()'
- Return a random number. The values of `rand()' are uniformly
+ 'rand()'
+ Return a random number. The values of 'rand()' are uniformly
distributed between zero and one. The value could be zero but is
never one.(1)
@@@ -20049,16 -19819,16 +19965,15 @@@ output. They are as follows
redirection. Similarly, if the target of a redirection isn't a
scalar, it gets parenthesized.
- * `gawk' supplies leading comments in front of the `BEGIN' and `END'
- rules, the `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' rules, the pattern-action
+ * 'gawk' supplies leading comments in front of the 'BEGIN' and 'END'
+ rules, the 'BEGINFILE' and 'ENDFILE' rules, the pattern-action
rules, and the functions.
-
The profiled version of your program may not look exactly like what
- you typed when you wrote it. This is because `gawk' creates the
- profiled version by "pretty-printing" its internal representation of
- the program. The advantage to this is that `gawk' can produce a
- standard representation. Also, things such as:
+ you typed when you wrote it. This is because 'gawk' creates the
+ profiled version by "pretty-printing" its internal representation of the
+ program. The advantage to this is that 'gawk' can produce a standard
-representation. The disadvantage is that all source code comments are
-lost. Also, things such as:
++representation. Also, things such as:
/foo/
@@@ -20102,39 -19872,23 +20017,39 @@@ includes a trace of any active function
Each time, the profile and function call trace are appended to the
output profile file.
- If you use the `HUP' signal instead of the `USR1' signal, `gawk'
+ If you use the 'HUP' signal instead of the 'USR1' signal, 'gawk'
produces the profile and the function call trace and then exits.
- When `gawk' runs on MS-Windows systems, it uses the `INT' and `QUIT'
- signals for producing the profile, and in the case of the `INT' signal,
- `gawk' exits. This is because these systems don't support the `kill'
+ When 'gawk' runs on MS-Windows systems, it uses the 'INT' and 'QUIT'
+ signals for producing the profile, and in the case of the 'INT' signal,
+ 'gawk' exits. This is because these systems don't support the 'kill'
command, so the only signals you can deliver to a program are those
- generated by the keyboard. The `INT' signal is generated by the
- `Ctrl-c' or `Ctrl-BREAK' key, while the `QUIT' signal is generated by
- the `Ctrl-\' key.
+ generated by the keyboard. The 'INT' signal is generated by the
+ 'Ctrl-c' or 'Ctrl-BREAK' key, while the 'QUIT' signal is generated by
+ the 'Ctrl-\' key.
- Finally, `gawk' also accepts another option, `--pretty-print'. When
- called this way, `gawk' "pretty-prints" the program into `awkprof.out',
+ Finally, 'gawk' also accepts another option, '--pretty-print'. When
+ called this way, 'gawk' "pretty-prints" the program into 'awkprof.out',
without any execution counts.
- NOTE: Once upon a time, the `--pretty-print' option would also run
- NOTE: The '--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This
- will change in the next major release.
++ NOTE: Once upon a time, the '--pretty-print' option would also run
+ your program. This is is no longer the case.
+
+ There is a significant difference between the output created when
+profiling, and that created when pretty-printing. Pretty-printed output
+preserves the original comments that were in the program, although their
+placement may not correspond exactly to their original locations in the
+source code.
+
+ However, as a deliberate design decision, profiling output _omits_
- the original program's comments. This allows you to focus on the
++the original program's comments. This allows you to focus on the
+execution count data and helps you avoid the temptation to use the
+profiler for pretty-printing.
+
+ Additionally, pretty-printed output does not have the leading
- indentation that the profiling output does. This makes it easy to
++indentation that the profiling output does. This makes it easy to
+pretty-print your code once development is completed, and then use the
+result as the final version of your program.
File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up:
Advanced Features
@@@ -22614,68 -22366,10 +22527,66 @@@ the following
gawk -M 'BEGIN { n = 13; print n % 2 }'
- When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either `/' or
- `%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point
- value (unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In
- order to do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision
- integers, use the built-in `intdiv()' function (*note Numeric
- Functions::).
++ When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either '/' or
++'%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point value
++(unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In order to
++do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision integers, use
++the built-in 'intdiv()' function (*note Numeric Functions::).
+
- You can simulate the `intdiv()' function in standard `awk' using
- this user-defined function:
++ You can simulate the 'intdiv()' function in standard 'awk' using this
++user-defined function:
+
+ # intdiv --- do integer division
+
+ function intdiv(numerator, denominator, result)
+ {
+ split("", result)
+
+ numerator = int(numerator)
+ denominator = int(denominator)
+ result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator)
+ result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator)
+
+ return 0.0
+ }
+
+ The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses
- `intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose
++'intdiv()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose
+to set:
+
+ # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi
+
+ BEGIN {
+ digits = 100000
+ two = 2 * 10 ^ digits
+ pi = two
+ for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) {
+ d = m * 2 + 1
+ x = pi * m
+ intdiv(x, d, result)
+ pi = result["quotient"]
+ pi = pi + two
+ }
+ print pi
+ }
+
+ When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied:
+
+ It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's
- Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take
- a look at lines (23) - (25) here:
- `http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html'.
++ Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take a
++ look at lines (23) - (25) here:
++ <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.html>.
+
+ The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works
+ from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP
+ calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory
- devices with smallish word sizes. See
- `http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899'.
++ devices with smallish word sizes. See
++ <http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899>.
+
---------- Footnotes ----------
- (1) Weisstein, Eric W. `Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A
- Wolfram Web Resource
- (`http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SylvestersSequence.html').
+ (1) Weisstein, Eric W. 'Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A
+ Wolfram Web Resource (<http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SylvestersSequence.html>).
File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems, Next: Floating point
summary, Prev: Arbitrary Precision Integers, Up: Arbitrary Precision
Arithmetic
@@@ -23092,9 -22782,6 +23000,8 @@@ operations
- Flattening an array for easy C-style looping over all its
indices and elements
+ * Accessing and manipulating redirections.
+
-
Some points about using the API:
* The following types, macros, and/or functions are referenced in
@@@ -24303,10 -23984,10 +24204,10 @@@ using 'release_value()'
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Numeric values are clearly less problematic, requiring only a C
- `double' to store.
+ 'double' to store.
-File: gawk.info, Node: Array Manipulation, Next: Extension API Variables,
Prev: Symbol Table Access, Up: Extension API Description
+File: gawk.info, Node: Array Manipulation, Next: Redirection API, Prev:
Symbol Table Access, Up: Extension API Description
16.4.11 Array Manipulation
--------------------------
@@@ -24791,78 -24471,9 +24691,78 @@@ array
environment variable.)
-File: gawk.info, Node: Extension API Variables, Next: Extension API
Boilerplate, Prev: Array Manipulation, Up: Extension API Description
+File: gawk.info, Node: Redirection API, Next: Extension API Variables,
Prev: Array Manipulation, Up: Extension API Description
+
+16.4.12 Accessing and Manipulating Redirections
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+The following function allows extensions to access and manipulate
+redirections.
+
- `awk_bool_t get_file(const char *name,'
- ` size_t name_len,'
- ` const char *filetype,'
- ` int fd,'
- ` const awk_input_buf_t **ibufp,'
- ` const awk_output_buf_t **obufp);'
- Look up a file in `gawk''s internal redirection table. If `name'
- is `NULL' or `name_len' is zero, return data for the currently
- open input file corresponding to `FILENAME'. (This does not
- access the `filetype' argument, so that may be undefined). If the
- file is not already open, attempt to open it. The `filetype'
- argument must be zero-terminated and should be one of:
-
- `">"'
++'awk_bool_t get_file(const char *name,'
++' size_t name_len,'
++' const char *filetype,'
++' int fd,'
++' const awk_input_buf_t **ibufp,'
++' const awk_output_buf_t **obufp);'
++ Look up a file in 'gawk''s internal redirection table. If 'name'
++ is 'NULL' or 'name_len' is zero, return data for the currently open
++ input file corresponding to 'FILENAME'. (This does not access the
++ 'filetype' argument, so that may be undefined). If the file is not
++ already open, attempt to open it. The 'filetype' argument must be
++ zero-terminated and should be one of:
++
++ '">"'
+ A file opened for output.
+
- `">>"'
++ '">>"'
+ A file opened for append.
+
- `"<"'
++ '"<"'
+ A file opened for input.
+
- `"|>"'
++ '"|>"'
+ A pipe opened for output.
+
- `"|<"'
++ '"|<"'
+ A pipe opened for input.
+
- `"|&"'
++ '"|&"'
+ A two-way coprocess.
+
- On error, return a `false' value. Otherwise, return `true', and
- return additional information about the redirection in the `ibufp'
- and `obufp' pointers. For input redirections, the `*ibufp' value
- should be non-`NULL', and `*obufp' should be `NULL'. For output
- redirections, the `*obufp' value should be non-`NULL', and `*ibufp'
- should be `NULL'. For two-way coprocesses, both values should be
- non-`NULL'.
-
- In the usual case, the extension is interested in `(*ibufp)->fd'
- and/or `fileno((*obufp)->fp)'. If the file is not already open,
- and the `fd' argument is non-negative, `gawk' will use that file
- descriptor instead of opening the file in the usual way. If `fd'
- is non-negative, but the file exists already, `gawk' ignores `fd'
++ On error, return a 'false' value. Otherwise, return 'true', and
++ return additional information about the redirection in the 'ibufp'
++ and 'obufp' pointers. For input redirections, the '*ibufp' value
++ should be non-'NULL', and '*obufp' should be 'NULL'. For output
++ redirections, the '*obufp' value should be non-'NULL', and '*ibufp'
++ should be 'NULL'. For two-way coprocesses, both values should be
++ non-'NULL'.
++
++ In the usual case, the extension is interested in '(*ibufp)->fd'
++ and/or 'fileno((*obufp)->fp)'. If the file is not already open,
++ and the 'fd' argument is non-negative, 'gawk' will use that file
++ descriptor instead of opening the file in the usual way. If 'fd'
++ is non-negative, but the file exists already, 'gawk' ignores 'fd'
+ and returns the existing file. It is the caller's responsibility
- to notice that neither the `fd' in the returned `awk_input_buf_t'
- nor the `fd' in the returned `awk_output_buf_t' matches the
++ to notice that neither the 'fd' in the returned 'awk_input_buf_t'
++ nor the 'fd' in the returned 'awk_output_buf_t' matches the
+ requested value.
+
+ Note that supplying a file descriptor is currently _not_ supported
+ for pipes. However, supplying a file descriptor should work for
+ input, output, append, and two-way (coprocess) sockets. If
- `filetype' is two-way, `gawk' assumes that it is a socket! Note
- that in the two-way case, the input and output file descriptors
- may differ. To check for success, you must check whether either
++ 'filetype' is two-way, 'gawk' assumes that it is a socket! Note
++ that in the two-way case, the input and output file descriptors may
++ differ. To check for success, you must check whether either
+ matches.
-16.4.12 API Variables
+ It is anticipated that this API function will be used to implement
+I/O multiplexing and a socket library.
+
+
+File: gawk.info, Node: Extension API Variables, Next: Extension API
Boilerplate, Prev: Redirection API, Up: Extension API Description
+
+16.4.13 API Variables
---------------------
The API provides two sets of variables. The first provides information
@@@ -26268,9 -25875,6 +26164,9 @@@ project
* GD graphics library extension
+ * MPFR library extension (this provides access to a number of MPFR
- functions that `gawk''s native MPFR support does not)
++ functions that 'gawk''s native MPFR support does not)
+
* PDF extension
* PostgreSQL extension
@@@ -26695,27 -26296,24 +26587,27 @@@ current version of 'gawk'
- Directories on the command line produce a warning and are
skipped (*note Command-line directories::)
- - Output with `print' and `printf' need not be fatal (*note
++ - Output with 'print' and 'printf' need not be fatal (*note
+ Nonfatal::)
+
* New keywords:
- - The `BEGINFILE' and `ENDFILE' special patterns (*note
+ - The 'BEGINFILE' and 'ENDFILE' special patterns (*note
BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::)
- - The `switch' statement (*note Switch Statement::)
+ - The 'switch' statement (*note Switch Statement::)
- * Changes to standard `awk' functions:
+ * Changes to standard 'awk' functions:
- - The optional second argument to `close()' that allows closing
+ - The optional second argument to 'close()' that allows closing
one end of a two-way pipe to a coprocess (*note Two-way I/O::)
- - POSIX compliance for `gsub()' and `sub()' with `--posix'
+ - POSIX compliance for 'gsub()' and 'sub()' with '--posix'
- - The `length()' function accepts an array argument and returns
+ - The 'length()' function accepts an array argument and returns
the number of elements in the array (*note String Functions::)
- - The optional third argument to the `match()' function for
+ - The optional third argument to the 'match()' function for
capturing text-matching subexpressions within a regexp (*note
String Functions::)
@@@ -26726,53 -26324,50 +26618,53 @@@
which is an array to hold the text of the field separators
(*note String Functions::)
- * Additional functions only in `gawk':
+ * Additional functions only in 'gawk':
- - The `gensub()', `patsplit()', and `strtonum()' functions for
+ - The 'gensub()', 'patsplit()', and 'strtonum()' functions for
more powerful text manipulation (*note String Functions::)
- - The `asort()' and `asorti()' functions for sorting arrays
+ - The 'asort()' and 'asorti()' functions for sorting arrays
(*note Array Sorting::)
- - The `mktime()', `systime()', and `strftime()' functions for
+ - The 'mktime()', 'systime()', and 'strftime()' functions for
working with timestamps (*note Time Functions::)
- - The `and()', `compl()', `lshift()', `or()', `rshift()', and
- `xor()' functions for bit manipulation (*note Bitwise
+ - The 'and()', 'compl()', 'lshift()', 'or()', 'rshift()', and
+ 'xor()' functions for bit manipulation (*note Bitwise
Functions::)
- - The `isarray()' function to check if a variable is an array
- or not (*note Type Functions::)
+ - The 'isarray()' function to check if a variable is an array or
+ not (*note Type Functions::)
- - The `bindtextdomain()', `dcgettext()', and `dcngettext()'
+ - The 'bindtextdomain()', 'dcgettext()', and 'dcngettext()'
functions for internationalization (*note Programmer i18n::)
- - The `intdiv()' function for doing integer division and
++ - The 'intdiv()' function for doing integer division and
+ remainder (*note Numeric Functions::)
+
* Changes and/or additions in the command-line options:
- - The `AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path
- search for the `-f' command-line option (*note Options::)
-
- - The `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable for specifying a path
- search for the `-l' command-line option (*note Options::)
-
- - The `-b', `-c', `-C', `-d', `-D', `-e', `-E', `-g', `-h',
- `-i', `-l', `-L', `-M', `-n', `-N', `-o', `-O', `-p', `-P',
- `-r', `-S', `-t', and `-V' short options. Also, the ability
- to use GNU-style long-named options that start with `--', and
- the `--assign', `--bignum', `--characters-as-bytes',
- `--copyright', `--debug', `--dump-variables', `--exec',
- `--field-separator', `--file', `--gen-pot', `--help',
- `--include', `--lint', `--lint-old', `--load',
- `--non-decimal-data', `--optimize', `--posix',
- `--pretty-print', `--profile', `--re-interval', `--sandbox',
- `--source', `--traditional', `--use-lc-numeric', and
- `--version' long options (*note Options::).
+ - The 'AWKPATH' environment variable for specifying a path
+ search for the '-f' command-line option (*note Options::)
+
+ - The 'AWKLIBPATH' environment variable for specifying a path
+ search for the '-l' command-line option (*note Options::)
+
+ - The '-b', '-c', '-C', '-d', '-D', '-e', '-E', '-g', '-h',
+ '-i', '-l', '-L', '-M', '-n', '-N', '-o', '-O', '-p', '-P',
+ '-r', '-S', '-t', and '-V' short options. Also, the ability
+ to use GNU-style long-named options that start with '--', and
+ the '--assign', '--bignum', '--characters-as-bytes',
+ '--copyright', '--debug', '--dump-variables', '--exec',
+ '--field-separator', '--file', '--gen-pot', '--help',
+ '--include', '--lint', '--lint-old', '--load',
+ '--non-decimal-data', '--optimize', '--posix',
+ '--pretty-print', '--profile', '--re-interval', '--sandbox',
+ '--source', '--traditional', '--use-lc-numeric', and
+ '--version' long options (*note Options::).
* Support for the following obsolete systems was removed from the
- code and the documentation for `gawk' version 4.0:
+ code and the documentation for 'gawk' version 4.0:
- Amiga
@@@ -26804,12 -26398,6 +26695,11 @@@
- Ultrix
+ * Support for the following systems was removed from the code for
- `gawk' version 4.2:
++ 'gawk' version 4.2:
+
+ - MirBSD
+
-
File: gawk.info, Node: Feature History, Next: Common Extensions, Prev:
POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History
@@@ -27194,35 -26781,12 +27083,34 @@@ POSIX 'awk', in the order they were add
* The dynamic extension interface was completely redone (*note
Dynamic Extensions::).
- * Redirected `getline' became allowed inside `BEGINFILE' and
- `ENDFILE' (*note BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::).
+ * Redirected 'getline' became allowed inside 'BEGINFILE' and
+ 'ENDFILE' (*note BEGINFILE/ENDFILE::).
- * The `where' command was added to the debugger (*note Execution
+ * The 'where' command was added to the debugger (*note Execution
Stack::).
+ * Support for Ultrix was removed.
+
-
+ Version 4.2 introduced the following changes:
+
- * Changes to `ENVIRON' are reflected into `gawk''s environment and
++ * Changes to 'ENVIRON' are reflected into 'gawk''s environment and
+ that of programs that it runs. *Note Auto-set::.
+
- * The `--pretty-print' option no longer runs the `awk' program too.
++ * The '--pretty-print' option no longer runs the 'awk' program too.
+ *Note Options::.
+
- * The `igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed
- when `gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::.
++ * The 'igawk' program and its manual page are no longer installed
++ when 'gawk' is built. *Note Igawk Program::.
+
- * The `intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::.
++ * The 'intdiv()' function. *Note Numeric Functions::.
+
- * The maximum number of hexdecimal digits in `\x' escapes is now two.
++ * The maximum number of hexdecimal digits in '\x' escapes is now two.
+ *Note Escape Sequences::.
+
- * Nonfatal output with `print' and `printf'. *Note Nonfatal::.
++ * Nonfatal output with 'print' and 'printf'. *Note Nonfatal::.
+
+ * Support for MirBSD was removed.
+
File: gawk.info, Node: Common Extensions, Next: Ranges and Locales, Prev:
Feature History, Up: Language History
@@@ -27668,153 -27232,144 +27556,151 @@@ Various '.c', '.y', and '.h' file
A detailed list of source code changes as bugs are fixed or
improvements made.
- `ChangeLog.0'
+ 'ChangeLog.0'
An older list of source code changes.
- `NEWS'
- A list of changes to `gawk' since the last release or patch.
+ 'NEWS'
+ A list of changes to 'gawk' since the last release or patch.
- `NEWS.0'
- An older list of changes to `gawk'.
+ 'NEWS.0'
+ An older list of changes to 'gawk'.
- `COPYING'
+ 'COPYING'
The GNU General Public License.
- `POSIX.STD'
- A description of behaviors in the POSIX standard for `awk' that
- are left undefined, or where `gawk' may not comply fully, as well
- as a list of things that the POSIX standard should describe but
- does not.
+ 'POSIX.STD'
+ A description of behaviors in the POSIX standard for 'awk' that are
+ left undefined, or where 'gawk' may not comply fully, as well as a
+ list of things that the POSIX standard should describe but does
+ not.
- `doc/awkforai.txt'
+ 'doc/awkforai.txt'
Pointers to the original draft of a short article describing why
- `gawk' is a good language for artificial intelligence (AI)
+ 'gawk' is a good language for artificial intelligence (AI)
programming.
- `doc/bc_notes'
- A brief description of `gawk''s "byte code" internals.
-
- `doc/README.card'
- `doc/ad.block'
- `doc/awkcard.in'
- `doc/cardfonts'
- `doc/colors'
- `doc/macros'
- `doc/no.colors'
- `doc/setter.outline'
- The `troff' source for a five-color `awk' reference card. A
- modern version of `troff' such as GNU `troff' (`groff') is needed
- to produce the color version. See the file `README.card' for
- instructions if you have an older `troff'.
-
- `doc/gawk.1'
- The `troff' source for a manual page describing `gawk'. This is
+ 'doc/bc_notes'
+ A brief description of 'gawk''s "byte code" internals.
+
+ 'doc/README.card'
+ 'doc/ad.block'
+ 'doc/awkcard.in'
+ 'doc/cardfonts'
+ 'doc/colors'
+ 'doc/macros'
+ 'doc/no.colors'
+ 'doc/setter.outline'
+ The 'troff' source for a five-color 'awk' reference card. A modern
+ version of 'troff' such as GNU 'troff' ('groff') is needed to
+ produce the color version. See the file 'README.card' for
+ instructions if you have an older 'troff'.
+
+ 'doc/gawk.1'
+ The 'troff' source for a manual page describing 'gawk'. This is
distributed for the convenience of Unix users.
- `doc/gawktexi.in'
- `doc/sidebar.awk'
- The Texinfo source file for this Info file. It should be
- processed by `doc/sidebar.awk' before processing with `texi2dvi'
- or `texi2pdf' to produce a printed document, and with `makeinfo'
- to produce an Info or HTML file. The `Makefile' takes care of
- this processing and produces printable output via `texi2dvi' or
- `texi2pdf'.
+ 'doc/gawktexi.in'
+ 'doc/sidebar.awk'
+ The Texinfo source file for this Info file. It should be processed
+ by 'doc/sidebar.awk' before processing with 'texi2dvi' or
+ 'texi2pdf' to produce a printed document, and with 'makeinfo' to
+ produce an Info or HTML file. The 'Makefile' takes care of this
+ processing and produces printable output via 'texi2dvi' or
+ 'texi2pdf'.
- `doc/gawk.texi'
- The file produced after processing `gawktexi.in' with
- `sidebar.awk'.
+ 'doc/gawk.texi'
+ The file produced after processing 'gawktexi.in' with
+ 'sidebar.awk'.
- `doc/gawk.info'
+ 'doc/gawk.info'
The generated Info file for this Info file.
- `doc/gawkinet.texi'
- The Texinfo source file for *note (General Introduction)Top::
- gawkinet, TCP/IP Internetworking with `gawk'. It should be
- processed with TeX (via `texi2dvi' or `texi2pdf') to produce a
- printed document and with `makeinfo' to produce an Info or HTML
- file.
+ 'doc/gawkinet.texi'
+ The Texinfo source file for *note (General Introduction, gawkinet,
+ TCP/IP Internetworking with 'gawk')Top::. It should be processed
+ with TeX (via 'texi2dvi' or 'texi2pdf') to produce a printed
+ document and with 'makeinfo' to produce an Info or HTML file.
- `doc/gawkinet.info'
- The generated Info file for `TCP/IP Internetworking with `gawk''.
+ 'doc/gawkinet.info'
+ The generated Info file for 'TCP/IP Internetworking with 'gawk''.
- `doc/igawk.1'
- The `troff' source for a manual page describing the `igawk'
- program presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since `gawk' can do
- its own address@hidden' processing, neither `igawk' nor `igawk.1' are
+ 'doc/igawk.1'
+ The 'troff' source for a manual page describing the 'igawk' program
- presented in *note Igawk Program::.
++ presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since 'gawk' can do its own
++ '@include' processing, neither 'igawk' nor 'igawk.1' are
+ installed.)
- `doc/Makefile.in'
+ 'doc/Makefile.in'
The input file used during the configuration process to generate
- the actual `Makefile' for creating the documentation.
+ the actual 'Makefile' for creating the documentation.
- `Makefile.am'
- `*/Makefile.am'
+ 'Makefile.am'
+ '*/Makefile.am'
Files used by the GNU Automake software for generating the
- `Makefile.in' files used by Autoconf and `configure'.
-
- `Makefile.in'
- `aclocal.m4'
- `bisonfix.awk'
- `config.guess'
- `configh.in'
- `configure.ac'
- `configure'
- `custom.h'
- `depcomp'
- `install-sh'
- `missing_d/*'
- `mkinstalldirs'
- `m4/*'
+ 'Makefile.in' files used by Autoconf and 'configure'.
+
+ 'Makefile.in'
+ 'aclocal.m4'
+ 'bisonfix.awk'
+ 'config.guess'
+ 'configh.in'
+ 'configure.ac'
+ 'configure'
+ 'custom.h'
+ 'depcomp'
+ 'install-sh'
+ 'missing_d/*'
+ 'mkinstalldirs'
+ 'm4/*'
These files and subdirectories are used when configuring and
- compiling `gawk' for various Unix systems. Most of them are
- explained in *note Unix Installation::. The rest are there to
+ compiling 'gawk' for various Unix systems. Most of them are
+ explained in *note Unix Installation::. The rest are there to
support the main infrastructure.
- `po/*'
- The `po' library contains message translations.
+ 'po/*'
+ The 'po' library contains message translations.
- `awklib/extract.awk'
- `awklib/Makefile.am'
- `awklib/Makefile.in'
- `awklib/eg/*'
- The `awklib' directory contains a copy of `extract.awk' (*note
+ 'awklib/extract.awk'
+ 'awklib/Makefile.am'
+ 'awklib/Makefile.in'
+ 'awklib/eg/*'
+ The 'awklib' directory contains a copy of 'extract.awk' (*note
Extract Program::), which can be used to extract the sample
- programs from the Texinfo source file for this Info file. It also
- contains a `Makefile.in' file, which `configure' uses to generate
- a `Makefile'. `Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create
- `Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library
- Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk'
+ programs from the Texinfo source file for this Info file. It also
+ contains a 'Makefile.in' file, which 'configure' uses to generate a
+ 'Makefile'. 'Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create
+ 'Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library
- Functions::, and the 'igawk' program from *note Igawk Program::,
- are included as ready-to-use files in the 'gawk' distribution.
- They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest
- of the programs in this Info file are available in appropriate
- subdirectories of 'awklib/eg'.
++ Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the 'gawk'
+ distribution. They are installed as part of the installation
+ process. The rest of the programs in this Info file are available
- in appropriate subdirectories of `awklib/eg'.
++ in appropriate subdirectories of 'awklib/eg'.
- `extension/*'
+ 'extension/*'
The source code, manual pages, and infrastructure files for the
- sample extensions included with `gawk'. *Note Dynamic
+ sample extensions included with 'gawk'. *Note Dynamic
Extensions::, for more information.
- `extras/*'
- Additional non-essential files. Currently, this directory
- contains some shell startup files to be installed in
- `/etc/profile.d' to aid in manipulating the `AWKPATH' and
- `AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. *Note Shell Startup Files::,
- for more information.
++'extras/*'
++ Additional non-essential files. Currently, this directory contains
++ some shell startup files to be installed in '/etc/profile.d' to aid
++ in manipulating the 'AWKPATH' and 'AWKLIBPATH' environment
++ variables. *Note Shell Startup Files::, for more information.
+
- `posix/*'
- Files needed for building `gawk' on POSIX-compliant systems.
+ 'posix/*'
+ Files needed for building 'gawk' on POSIX-compliant systems.
- `pc/*'
- Files needed for building `gawk' under MS-Windows and OS/2 (*note
+ 'pc/*'
+ Files needed for building 'gawk' under MS-Windows and OS/2 (*note
PC Installation::, for details).
- `vms/*'
- Files needed for building `gawk' under Vax/VMS and OpenVMS (*note
+ 'vms/*'
+ Files needed for building 'gawk' under Vax/VMS and OpenVMS (*note
VMS Installation::, for details).
- `test/*'
- A test suite for `gawk'. You can use `make check' from the
- top-level `gawk' directory to run your version of `gawk' against
- the test suite. If `gawk' successfully passes `make check', then
+ 'test/*'
+ A test suite for 'gawk'. You can use 'make check' from the
+ top-level 'gawk' directory to run your version of 'gawk' against
+ the test suite. If 'gawk' successfully passes 'make check', then
you can be confident of a successful port.
@@@ -27829,15 -27384,14 +27715,15 @@@ for your system yourself
* Menu:
- * Quick Installation:: Compiling `gawk' under Unix.
+ * Quick Installation:: Compiling 'gawk' under Unix.
+* Shell Startup Files:: Shell convenience functions.
* Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options.
* Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work.
-File: gawk.info, Node: Quick Installation, Next: Additional Configuration
Options, Up: Unix Installation
+File: gawk.info, Node: Quick Installation, Next: Shell Startup Files, Up:
Unix Installation
- B.2.1 Compiling `gawk' for Unix-Like Systems
+ B.2.1 Compiling 'gawk' for Unix-Like Systems
--------------------------------------------
The normal installation steps should work on all modern commercial
@@@ -27875,67 -27428,33 +27760,66 @@@ type
make
- Shortly thereafter, you should have an executable version of `gawk'.
- That's all there is to it! To verify that `gawk' is working properly,
- run `make check'. All of the tests should succeed. If these steps do
- not work, or if any of the tests fail, check the files in the
- `README_d' directory to see if you've found a known problem. If the
- failure is not described there, send in a bug report (*note Bugs::).
-
- Of course, once you've built `gawk', it is likely that you will wish
- to install it. To do so, you need to run the command `make install',
- as a user with the appropriate permissions. How to do this varies by
- system, but on many systems you can use the `sudo' command to do so.
- The command then becomes `sudo make install'. It is likely that you
+ Shortly thereafter, you should have an executable version of 'gawk'.
+ That's all there is to it! To verify that 'gawk' is working properly,
+ run 'make check'. All of the tests should succeed. If these steps do
+ not work, or if any of the tests fail, check the files in the 'README_d'
+ directory to see if you've found a known problem. If the failure is not
+ described there, send in a bug report (*note Bugs::).
+
+ Of course, once you've built 'gawk', it is likely that you will wish
+ to install it. To do so, you need to run the command 'make install', as
+ a user with the appropriate permissions. How to do this varies by
+ system, but on many systems you can use the 'sudo' command to do so.
+ The command then becomes 'sudo make install'. It is likely that you
will be asked for your password, and you will have to have been set up
- previously as a user who is allowed to run the `sudo' command.
+ previously as a user who is allowed to run the 'sudo' command.
-File: gawk.info, Node: Additional Configuration Options, Next:
Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Quick Installation, Up: Unix Installation
+File: gawk.info, Node: Shell Startup Files, Next: Additional Configuration
Options, Prev: Quick Installation, Up: Unix Installation
+
+B.2.2 Shell Startup Files
+-------------------------
+
- The distribution contains shell startup files `gawk.sh' and `gawk.csh'
- containing functions to aid in manipulating the `AWKPATH' and
- `AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. On a Fedora system, these files
- should be installed in `/etc/profile.d'; on other platforms, the
++The distribution contains shell startup files 'gawk.sh' and 'gawk.csh'
++containing functions to aid in manipulating the 'AWKPATH' and
++'AWKLIBPATH' environment variables. On a Fedora system, these files
++should be installed in '/etc/profile.d'; on other platforms, the
+appropriate location may be different.
+
- `gawkpath_default'
- Reset the `AWKPATH' environment variable to its default value.
++'gawkpath_default'
++ Reset the 'AWKPATH' environment variable to its default value.
+
- `gawkpath_prepend'
- Add the argument to the front of the `AWKPATH' environment
++'gawkpath_prepend'
++ Add the argument to the front of the 'AWKPATH' environment
+ variable.
+
- `gawkpath_append'
- Add the argument to the end of the `AWKPATH' environment variable.
++'gawkpath_append'
++ Add the argument to the end of the 'AWKPATH' environment variable.
+
- `gawklibpath_default'
- Reset the `AWKLIBPATH' environment variable to its default value.
++'gawklibpath_default'
++ Reset the 'AWKLIBPATH' environment variable to its default value.
- `gawklibpath_prepend'
- Add the argument to the front of the `AWKLIBPATH' environment
-B.2.2 Additional Configuration Options
++'gawklibpath_prepend'
++ Add the argument to the front of the 'AWKLIBPATH' environment
+ variable.
+
- `gawklibpath_append'
- Add the argument to the end of the `AWKLIBPATH' environment
++'gawklibpath_append'
++ Add the argument to the end of the 'AWKLIBPATH' environment
+ variable.
+
-
+
+File: gawk.info, Node: Additional Configuration Options, Next:
Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Shell Startup Files, Up: Unix Installation
+
+B.2.3 Additional Configuration Options
--------------------------------------
- There are several additional options you may use on the `configure'
- command line when compiling `gawk' from scratch, including:
+ There are several additional options you may use on the 'configure'
+ command line when compiling 'gawk' from scratch, including:
- `--disable-extensions'
+ '--disable-extensions'
Disable configuring and building the sample extensions in the
- `extension' directory. This is useful for cross-compiling. The
+ 'extension' directory. This is useful for cross-compiling. The
default action is to dynamically check if the extensions can be
configured and compiled.
@@@ -31834,276 -31340,316 +31705,316 @@@ Inde
* Menu:
- * ! (exclamation point), ! operator: Boolean Ops. (line 69)
- * ! (exclamation point), ! operator <1>: Egrep Program. (line 175)
- * ! (exclamation point), ! operator <2>: Ranges. (line 48)
- * ! (exclamation point), ! operator: Precedence. (line 52)
- * ! (exclamation point), != operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * ! (exclamation point), != operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!' operator: Boolean Ops. (line 69)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 51)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!' operator <2>: Ranges. (line 47)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!' operator <3>: Egrep Program. (line 174)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!=' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <1>: Expression Patterns.
- (line 24)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 80)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <3>: Comparison Operators.
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <1>: Computed Regexps.
+ (line 6)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <2>: Case-sensitivity.
+ (line 26)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <3>: Regexp Constants.
+ (line 6)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <4>: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <4>: Regexp Constants. (line 6)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <5>: Case-sensitivity. (line 26)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <6>: Computed Regexps. (line 6)
- * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
- * " (double quote), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
- * " (double quote), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 54)
- * # (number sign), #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts.
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <5>: Comparison Operators.
+ (line 98)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <6>: Precedence. (line 79)
+ * '!' (exclamation point), '!~' operator <7>: Expression Patterns.
+ (line 24)
+ * '"' (double quote), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
+ * '"' (double quote), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 54)
+ * '#' (number sign), '#!' (executable scripts): Executable Scripts.
(line 6)
- * # (number sign), commenting: Comments. (line 6)
- * $ (dollar sign), $ field operator <1>: Precedence. (line 43)
- * $ (dollar sign), $ field operator: Fields. (line 19)
- * $ (dollar sign), incrementing fields and arrays: Increment Ops.
+ * '#' (number sign), commenting: Comments. (line 6)
+ * '$' (dollar sign), '$' field operator: Fields. (line 19)
+ * '$' (dollar sign), '$' field operator <1>: Precedence. (line 42)
+ * '$' (dollar sign), incrementing fields and arrays: Increment Ops.
(line 30)
- * $ (dollar sign), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 35)
- * % (percent sign), % operator: Precedence. (line 55)
- * % (percent sign), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * % (percent sign), %= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * & (ampersand), && operator <1>: Precedence. (line 86)
- * & (ampersand), && operator: Boolean Ops. (line 59)
- * & (ampersand), gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions and: Gory Details.
+ * '$' (dollar sign), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 35)
+ * '%' (percent sign), '%' operator: Precedence. (line 54)
+ * '%' (percent sign), '%=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * '%' (percent sign), '%=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '&' (ampersand), '&&' operator: Boolean Ops. (line 59)
+ * '&' (ampersand), '&&' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 85)
+ * '&' (ampersand), 'gsub()'/'gensub()'/'sub()' functions and: Gory Details.
(line 6)
- * ' (single quote): One-shot. (line 15)
- * ' (single quote) in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35)
- * ' (single quote), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
- * ' (single quote), vs. apostrophe: Comments. (line 27)
- * ' (single quote), with double quotes: Quoting. (line 73)
- * () (parentheses), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146)
- * () (parentheses), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81)
- * * (asterisk), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
- (line 55)
- * * (asterisk), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
+ * ''' (single quote): One-shot. (line 15)
+ * ''' (single quote) in 'gawk' command lines: Long. (line 35)
+ * ''' (single quote), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
+ * ''' (single quote), vs. apostrophe: Comments. (line 27)
+ * ''' (single quote), with double quotes: Quoting. (line 73)
+ * '()' (parentheses), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146)
+ * '()' (parentheses), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '*' operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
+ (line 54)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '*' operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
(line 89)
- * * (asterisk), * operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
+ * '*' (asterisk), '*' operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
(line 537)
- * * (asterisk), ** operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49)
- * * (asterisk), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81)
- * * (asterisk), **= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * * (asterisk), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * * (asterisk), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * * (asterisk), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * + (plus sign), + operator: Precedence. (line 52)
- * + (plus sign), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46)
- * + (plus sign), ++ operator: Increment Ops. (line 11)
- * + (plus sign), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * + (plus sign), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82)
- * + (plus sign), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105)
- * , (comma), in range patterns: Ranges. (line 6)
- * - (hyphen), - operator: Precedence. (line 52)
- * - (hyphen), -- operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46)
- * - (hyphen), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48)
- * - (hyphen), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * - (hyphen), -= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * - (hyphen), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 59)
- * - (hyphen), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
- * --assign option: Options. (line 32)
- * --bignum option: Options. (line 205)
- * --characters-as-bytes option: Options. (line 68)
- * --copyright option: Options. (line 88)
- * --debug option: Options. (line 108)
- * --disable-extensions configuration option: Additional Configuration Options.
+ * '*' (asterisk), '**' operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '**' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 48)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '**=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '**=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '*=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * '*' (asterisk), '*=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '+' operator: Precedence. (line 51)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '+' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 57)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '++' operator: Increment Ops. (line 11)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '++' operator <1>: Increment Ops. (line 40)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '++' operator <2>: Precedence. (line 45)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '+=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 81)
+ * '+' (plus sign), '+=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '+' (plus sign), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105)
+ * ',' (comma), in range patterns: Ranges. (line 6)
+ * '-' (hyphen), '-' operator: Precedence. (line 51)
+ * '-' (hyphen), '-' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 57)
+ * '-' (hyphen), '--' operator: Increment Ops. (line 48)
+ * '-' (hyphen), '--' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 45)
+ * '-' (hyphen), '-=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * '-' (hyphen), '-=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '-' (hyphen), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 60)
+ * '-' (hyphen), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
+ * '--assign' option: Options. (line 32)
+ * '--bignum' option: Options. (line 203)
+ * '--characters-as-bytes' option: Options. (line 69)
+ * '--copyright' option: Options. (line 89)
+ * '--debug' option: Options. (line 108)
+ * '--disable-extensions' configuration option: Additional Configuration
Options.
(line 9)
- * --disable-lint configuration option: Additional Configuration Options.
+ * '--disable-lint' configuration option: Additional Configuration Options.
(line 15)
- * --disable-nls configuration option: Additional Configuration Options.
+ * '--disable-nls' configuration option: Additional Configuration Options.
(line 32)
- * --dump-variables option: Options. (line 93)
- * --dump-variables option, using for library functions: Library Names.
+ * '--dump-variables' option: Options. (line 94)
+ * '--dump-variables' option, using for library functions: Library Names.
(line 45)
- * --exec option: Options. (line 125)
- * --field-separator option: Options. (line 21)
- * --file option: Options. (line 25)
- * --gen-pot option <1>: String Extraction. (line 6)
- * --gen-pot option: Options. (line 147)
- * --help option: Options. (line 154)
- * --include option: Options. (line 159)
- * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 185)
- * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20)
- * --lint-old option: Options. (line 295)
- * --load option: Options. (line 173)
- * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6)
- * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211)
- * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data.
+ * '--exec' option: Options. (line 125)
+ * '--field-separator' option: Options. (line 21)
+ * '--file' option: Options. (line 25)
+ * '--gen-pot' option: Options. (line 147)
+ * '--gen-pot' option <1>: String Extraction. (line 6)
+ * '--gen-pot' option <2>: String Extraction. (line 6)
+ * '--help' option: Options. (line 154)
+ * '--include' option: Options. (line 159)
+ * '--lint' option: Command Line. (line 20)
+ * '--lint' option <1>: Options. (line 184)
-* '--lint-old' option: Options. (line 294)
++* '--lint-old' option: Options. (line 292)
+ * '--load' option: Options. (line 172)
+ * '--non-decimal-data' option: Options. (line 209)
+ * '--non-decimal-data' option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6)
+ * '--non-decimal-data' option, 'strtonum()' function and: Nondecimal Data.
(line 35)
- * --optimize option: Options. (line 236)
- * --posix option: Options. (line 254)
- * --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 273)
- * --pretty-print option: Options. (line 225)
- * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12)
- * --profile option: Options. (line 242)
- * --re-interval option: Options. (line 279)
- * --sandbox option: Options. (line 286)
- * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions.
-* '--optimize' option: Options. (line 236)
-* '--posix' option: Options. (line 254)
-* '--posix' option, '--traditional' option and: Options. (line 272)
++* '--optimize' option: Options. (line 234)
++* '--posix' option: Options. (line 252)
++* '--posix' option, '--traditional' option and: Options. (line 270)
+ * '--pretty-print' option: Options. (line 223)
-* '--profile' option: Options. (line 242)
++* '--profile' option: Options. (line 240)
+ * '--profile' option <1>: Profiling. (line 12)
-* '--re-interval' option: Options. (line 278)
-* '--sandbox' option: Options. (line 285)
++* '--re-interval' option: Options. (line 276)
++* '--sandbox' option: Options. (line 283)
+ * '--sandbox' option, disabling 'system()' function: I/O Functions.
(line 129)
- * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19)
- * --sandbox option, output redirection with print, printf: Redirection.
+ * '--sandbox' option, input redirection with 'getline': Getline.
+ (line 19)
+ * '--sandbox' option, output redirection with 'print', 'printf': Redirection.
(line 6)
- * --source option: Options. (line 117)
- * --traditional option: Options. (line 81)
- * --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 273)
- * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 220)
- * --version option: Options. (line 300)
- * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration
Options.
+ * '--source' option: Options. (line 117)
+ * '--traditional' option: Options. (line 82)
-* '--traditional' option, '--posix' option and: Options. (line 272)
++* '--traditional' option, '--posix' option and: Options. (line 270)
+ * '--use-lc-numeric' option: Options. (line 218)
-* '--version' option: Options. (line 299)
++* '--version' option: Options. (line 297)
+ * '--with-whiny-user-strftime' configuration option: Additional Configuration
Options.
(line 37)
- * -b option: Options. (line 68)
- * -C option: Options. (line 88)
- * -c option: Options. (line 81)
- * -D option: Options. (line 108)
- * -d option: Options. (line 93)
- * -e option: Options. (line 336)
- * -E option: Options. (line 125)
- * -e option: Options. (line 117)
- * -f option: Options. (line 25)
- * -F option: Options. (line 21)
- * -f option: Long. (line 12)
- * -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 308)
- * -F option, command-line: Command Line Field Separator.
+ * '-b' option: Options. (line 69)
+ * '-c' option: Options. (line 82)
+ * '-C' option: Options. (line 89)
+ * '-d' option: Options. (line 94)
+ * '-D' option: Options. (line 108)
+ * '-e' option: Options. (line 117)
+ * '-E' option: Options. (line 125)
-* '-e' option <1>: Options. (line 335)
++* '-e' option <1>: Options. (line 333)
+ * '-f' option: Long. (line 12)
+ * '-F' option: Options. (line 21)
+ * '-f' option <1>: Options. (line 25)
-* '-F' option, '-Ft' sets 'FS' to TAB: Options. (line 307)
++* '-F' option, '-Ft' sets 'FS' to TAB: Options. (line 305)
+ * '-F' option, command-line: Command Line Field Separator.
(line 6)
- * -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 313)
- * -g option: Options. (line 147)
- * -h option: Options. (line 154)
- * -i option: Options. (line 159)
- * -L option: Options. (line 295)
- * -l option: Options. (line 173)
- * -M option: Options. (line 205)
- * -N option: Options. (line 220)
- * -n option: Options. (line 211)
- * -O option: Options. (line 236)
- * -o option: Options. (line 225)
- * -P option: Options. (line 254)
- * -p option: Options. (line 242)
- * -r option: Options. (line 279)
- * -S option: Options. (line 286)
- * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12)
- * -V option: Options. (line 300)
- * -v option: Options. (line 32)
- * -W option: Options. (line 46)
- * . (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44)
- * .gmo files: Explaining gettext. (line 42)
- * .gmo files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 48)
- * .gmo files, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 54)
- * .mo files, converting from .po: I18N Example. (line 64)
- * .po files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6)
- * .po files: Explaining gettext. (line 37)
- * .po files, converting to .mo: I18N Example. (line 64)
- * .pot files: Explaining gettext. (line 31)
- * / (forward slash) to enclose regular expressions: Regexp. (line 10)
- * / (forward slash), / operator: Precedence. (line 55)
- * / (forward slash), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * / (forward slash), /= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * / (forward slash), /= operator, vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
- (line 148)
- * / (forward slash), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24)
- * /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148)
- * /dev/... special files: Special FD. (line 48)
- * /dev/fd/N special files (gawk): Special FD. (line 48)
- * /inet/... special files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
- * /inet4/... special files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
- * /inet6/... special files (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
- * ; (semicolon), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10)
- * ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements.
- (line 10)
- * ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions <2>: Action Overview.
-* '-f' option, multiple uses: Options. (line 312)
++* '-f' option, multiple uses: Options. (line 310)
+ * '-g' option: Options. (line 147)
+ * '-h' option: Options. (line 154)
+ * '-i' option: Options. (line 159)
+ * '-l' option: Options. (line 172)
+ * '-l' option <1>: Options. (line 184)
-* '-L' option: Options. (line 294)
++* '-L' option: Options. (line 292)
+ * '-M' option: Options. (line 203)
+ * '-n' option: Options. (line 209)
+ * '-N' option: Options. (line 218)
+ * '-o' option: Options. (line 223)
-* '-O' option: Options. (line 236)
-* '-p' option: Options. (line 242)
-* '-P' option: Options. (line 254)
-* '-r' option: Options. (line 278)
-* '-S' option: Options. (line 285)
++* '-O' option: Options. (line 234)
++* '-p' option: Options. (line 240)
++* '-P' option: Options. (line 252)
++* '-r' option: Options. (line 276)
++* '-S' option: Options. (line 283)
+ * '-v' option: Options. (line 32)
-* '-V' option: Options. (line 299)
++* '-V' option: Options. (line 297)
+ * '-v' option <1>: Assignment Options. (line 12)
+ * '-W' option: Options. (line 47)
+ * '.' (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44)
+ * '.gmo' files: Explaining gettext. (line 42)
+ * '.gmo' files, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 54)
+ * '.gmo' files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 48)
+ * '.mo' files, converting from '.po': I18N Example. (line 66)
+ * '.po' files: Explaining gettext. (line 37)
+ * '.po' files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6)
+ * '.po' files, converting to '.mo': I18N Example. (line 66)
+ * '.pot' files: Explaining gettext. (line 31)
+ * '/' (forward slash) to enclose regular expressions: Regexp. (line 10)
+ * '/' (forward slash), '/' operator: Precedence. (line 54)
+ * '/' (forward slash), '/=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * '/' (forward slash), '/=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '/' (forward slash), '/=' operator, vs. '/=.../' regexp constant:
Assignment Ops.
+ (line 149)
+ * '/' (forward slash), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24)
+ * '/=' operator vs. '/=.../' regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 149)
+ * '/dev/...' special files: Special FD. (line 48)
+ * '/dev/fd/N' special files ('gawk'): Special FD. (line 48)
+ * '/inet/...' special files ('gawk'): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
+ * '/inet4/...' special files ('gawk'): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
+ * '/inet6/...' special files ('gawk'): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
+ * ';' (semicolon), 'AWKPATH' variable and: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * ';' (semicolon), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines.
+ (line 90)
+ * ';' (semicolon), separating statements in actions <1>: Action Overview.
(line 19)
- * ; (semicolon), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines.
- (line 91)
- * < (left angle bracket), < operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * < (left angle bracket), < operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * ';' (semicolon), separating statements in actions <2>: Statements.
+ (line 10)
+ * '<' (left angle bracket), '<' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * < (left angle bracket), < operator (I/O): Getline/File. (line 6)
- * < (left angle bracket), <= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * < (left angle bracket), <= operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * '<' (left angle bracket), '<' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '<' (left angle bracket), '<' operator (I/O): Getline/File. (line 6)
+ * '<' (left angle bracket), '<=' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * = (equals sign), = operator: Assignment Ops. (line 6)
- * = (equals sign), == operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * = (equals sign), == operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * '<' (left angle bracket), '<=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '=' (equals sign), '=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 6)
+ * '=' (equals sign), '==' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * > (right angle bracket), > operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * > (right angle bracket), > operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * '=' (equals sign), '==' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * > (right angle bracket), > operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 22)
- * > (right angle bracket), >= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * > (right angle bracket), >= operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>' operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 22)
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>=' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * > (right angle bracket), >> operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * > (right angle bracket), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50)
- * ? (question mark), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92)
- * ? (question mark), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 59)
- * ? (question mark), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111)
- * @-notation for indirect function calls: Indirect Calls. (line 47)
- * @include directive: Include Files. (line 8)
- * @load directive: Loading Shared Libraries.
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>>' operator (I/O): Redirection.
+ (line 50)
+ * '>' (right angle bracket), '>>' operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence.
+ (line 64)
+ * '?' (question mark), '?:' operator: Precedence. (line 91)
+ * '?' (question mark), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111)
+ * '?' (question mark), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 62)
+ * '@'-notation for indirect function calls: Indirect Calls. (line 47)
+ * '@include' directive: Include Files. (line 8)
+ * '@load' directive: Loading Shared Libraries.
(line 8)
- * [] (square brackets), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56)
- * \ (backslash): Comments. (line 50)
- * \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85)
- * \ (backslash), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 56)
- * \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76)
- * \ (backslash), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 30)
- * \ (backslash), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 34)
- * \ (backslash), \` operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 54)
- * \ (backslash), \a escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 34)
- * \ (backslash), \b escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 38)
- * \ (backslash), \B operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 43)
- * \ (backslash), \f escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 41)
- * \ (backslash), \n escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 44)
- * \ (backslash), \NNN escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 56)
- * \ (backslash), \r escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 47)
- * \ (backslash), \S operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 17)
- * \ (backslash), \s operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 13)
- * \ (backslash), \t escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 50)
- * \ (backslash), \v escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 53)
- * \ (backslash), \W operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 26)
- * \ (backslash), \w operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 21)
- * \ (backslash), \x escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61)
- * \ (backslash), \y operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 38)
- * \ (backslash), as field separator: Command Line Field Separator.
+ * '[]' (square brackets), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56)
+ * '\' (backslash): Comments. (line 50)
+ * '\' (backslash), as field separator: Command Line Field Separator.
(line 24)
- * \ (backslash), continuing lines and: Statements/Lines. (line 19)
- * \ (backslash), continuing lines and, comments and: Statements/Lines.
- (line 76)
- * \ (backslash), continuing lines and, in csh: Statements/Lines.
- (line 44)
- * \ (backslash), gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions and: Gory Details.
+ * '\' (backslash), continuing lines and: Statements/Lines. (line 19)
+ * '\' (backslash), continuing lines and, comments and: Statements/Lines.
+ (line 75)
+ * '\' (backslash), continuing lines and, in 'csh': Statements/Lines.
+ (line 43)
+ * '\' (backslash), 'gsub()'/'gensub()'/'sub()' functions and: Gory Details.
(line 6)
- * \ (backslash), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
- * \ (backslash), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6)
- * \ (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences.
+ * '\' (backslash), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions.
+ (line 17)
+ * '\' (backslash), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6)
-* '\' (backslash), in escape sequences <1>: Escape Sequences. (line 100)
++* '\' (backslash), in escape sequences <1>: Escape Sequences. (line 103)
+ * '\' (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences.
- (line 105)
+ (line 108)
- * \ (backslash), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
- * \ (backslash), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
- * \ (backslash), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18)
- * ^ (caret), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49)
- * ^ (caret), ^= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * ^ (caret), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * ^ (caret), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
- * ^ (caret), in FS: Regexp Field Splitting.
+ * '\' (backslash), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
+ * '\' (backslash), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
+ * '\' (backslash), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18)
-* '\' (backslash), '\"' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82)
++* '\' (backslash), '\"' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\'' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
(line 59)
- * ^ (caret), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
-* '\' (backslash), '\/' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73)
++* '\' (backslash), '\/' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\<' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 33)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\>' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 37)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\a' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 34)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\b' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 38)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\B' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 46)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\f' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 41)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\n' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 44)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\'NNN escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 56)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\r' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 47)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\s' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 13)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\S' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 17)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\t' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 50)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\v' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 53)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\w' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 22)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\W' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 28)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\x' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\y' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 41)
+ * '\' (backslash), '\`' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 57)
+ * '^' (caret), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
+ * '^' (caret), in 'FS': Regexp Field Splitting.
(line 59)
- * ^ (caret), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 22)
- * _ (underscore), C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 71)
- * _ (underscore), in names of private variables: Library Names.
+ * '^' (caret), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 22)
+ * '^' (caret), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 62)
+ * '^' (caret), '^' operator: Precedence. (line 48)
+ * '^' (caret), '^=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * '^' (caret), '^=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * '_' (underscore), C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 71)
+ * '_' (underscore), in names of private variables: Library Names.
(line 29)
- * _ (underscore), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 69)
- * _gr_init() user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 83)
- * _ord_init() user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16)
- * _pw_init() user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 105)
+ * '_' (underscore), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 69)
+ * '_gr_init()' user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 83)
+ * '_ord_init()' user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16)
+ * '_pw_init()' user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 105)
+ * '{}' (braces): Profiling. (line 142)
+ * '{}' (braces), actions and: Action Overview. (line 19)
+ * '{}' (braces), statements, grouping: Statements. (line 10)
+ * '|' (vertical bar): Regexp Operators. (line 70)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|' operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 10)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|' operator (I/O) <1>: Redirection. (line 57)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|' operator (I/O) <2>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|&' operator (I/O): Getline/Coprocess. (line 6)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|&' operator (I/O) <1>: Redirection. (line 96)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|&' operator (I/O) <2>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|&' operator (I/O) <3>: Two-way I/O. (line 27)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '|&' operator (I/O), pipes, closing: Close Files And
Pipes.
+ (line 120)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '||' operator: Boolean Ops. (line 59)
+ * '|' (vertical bar), '||' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 88)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <1>: Computed Regexps. (line 6)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <2>: Case-sensitivity. (line 26)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <3>: Regexp Constants. (line 6)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <4>: Comparison Operators.
+ (line 11)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <5>: Comparison Operators.
+ (line 98)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <6>: Precedence. (line 79)
+ * '~' (tilde), '~' operator <7>: Expression Patterns. (line 24)
* accessing fields: Fields. (line 6)
* accessing global variables from extensions: Symbol Table Access.
(line 6)
@@@ -32211,194 -31758,204 +32123,204 @@@
(line 6)
* arrays, unassigned elements: Reference to Elements.
(line 18)
- * artificial intelligence, gawk and: Distribution contents.
+ * artificial intelligence, 'gawk' and: Distribution contents.
(line 52)
- * ASCII <1>: Glossary. (line 197)
* ASCII: Ordinal Functions. (line 45)
- * asort <1>: Array Sorting Functions.
+ * ASCII <1>: Glossary. (line 196)
+ * 'asort': String Functions. (line 42)
+ * 'asort' <1>: Array Sorting Functions.
(line 6)
- * asort: String Functions. (line 42)
- * asort() function (gawk), arrays, sorting: Array Sorting Functions.
+ * 'asort()' function ('gawk'), arrays, sorting: Array Sorting Functions.
(line 6)
- * asorti <1>: Array Sorting Functions.
+ * 'asorti': String Functions. (line 42)
+ * 'asorti' <1>: Array Sorting Functions.
(line 6)
- * asorti: String Functions. (line 42)
- * asorti() function (gawk), arrays, sorting: Array Sorting Functions.
+ * 'asorti()' function ('gawk'), arrays, sorting: Array Sorting Functions.
(line 6)
- * assert() function (C library): Assert Function. (line 6)
- * assert() user-defined function: Assert Function. (line 28)
+ * 'assert()' function (C library): Assert Function. (line 6)
+ * 'assert()' user-defined function: Assert Function. (line 28)
* assertions: Assert Function. (line 6)
* assign values to variables, in debugger: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 59)
+ (line 58)
* assignment operators: Assignment Ops. (line 6)
- * assignment operators, evaluation order: Assignment Ops. (line 111)
- * assignment operators, lvalues/rvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 32)
+ * assignment operators, evaluation order: Assignment Ops. (line 110)
+ * assignment operators, lvalues/rvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 31)
* assignments as filenames: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6)
- * associative arrays: Array Intro. (line 50)
- * asterisk (*), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
- (line 55)
- * asterisk (*), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
+ * associative arrays: Array Intro. (line 48)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '*' operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence.
+ (line 54)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '*' operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
(line 89)
- * asterisk (*), * operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
+ * asterisk ('*'), '*' operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
(line 537)
- * asterisk (*), ** operator <1>: Precedence. (line 49)
- * asterisk (*), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81)
- * asterisk (*), **= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * asterisk (*), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * asterisk (*), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * asterisk (*), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * atan2: Numeric Functions. (line 11)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '**' operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '**' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 48)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '**=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '**=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '*=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * asterisk ('*'), '*=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * 'atan2': Numeric Functions. (line 10)
* automatic displays, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 24)
- * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24)
- * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108)
- * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 137)
- * awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242)
- * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6)
- * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6)
- * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12)
- * awk programs, complex: When. (line 27)
- * awk programs, documenting <1>: Library Names. (line 6)
- * awk programs, documenting: Comments. (line 6)
- * awk programs, examples of: Sample Programs. (line 6)
- * awk programs, execution of: Next Statement. (line 16)
- * awk programs, internationalizing <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 6)
- * awk programs, internationalizing: I18N Functions. (line 6)
- * awk programs, lengthy: Long. (line 6)
- * awk programs, lengthy, assertions: Assert Function. (line 6)
- * awk programs, location of: Options. (line 25)
- * awk programs, one-line examples: Very Simple. (line 45)
- * awk programs, profiling: Profiling. (line 6)
- * awk programs, running <1>: Long. (line 6)
- * awk programs, running: Running gawk. (line 6)
- * awk programs, running, from shell scripts: One-shot. (line 22)
- * awk programs, running, without input files: Read Terminal. (line 17)
- * awk programs, shell variables in: Using Shell Variables.
+ * 'awf' (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24)
+ * 'awk' debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108)
+ * 'awk' language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 138)
-* 'awk' profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242)
++* 'awk' profiling, enabling: Options. (line 240)
+ * 'awk' programs: Getting Started. (line 12)
+ * 'awk' programs <1>: Executable Scripts. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs <2>: Two Rules. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, complex: When. (line 27)
+ * 'awk' programs, documenting: Comments. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, documenting <1>: Library Names. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, examples of: Sample Programs. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, execution of: Next Statement. (line 16)
+ * 'awk' programs, internationalizing: I18N Functions. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, internationalizing <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, lengthy: Long. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, lengthy, assertions: Assert Function. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, location of: Options. (line 25)
+ * 'awk' programs, location of <1>: Options. (line 125)
+ * 'awk' programs, location of <2>: Options. (line 159)
+ * 'awk' programs, one-line examples: Very Simple. (line 45)
+ * 'awk' programs, profiling: Profiling. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, running: Running gawk. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, running <1>: Long. (line 6)
+ * 'awk' programs, running, from shell scripts: One-shot. (line 22)
+ * 'awk' programs, running, without input files: Read Terminal.
+ (line 17)
+ * 'awk' programs, shell variables in: Using Shell Variables.
(line 6)
- * awk, function of: Getting Started. (line 6)
- * awk, gawk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14)
- * awk, gawk and: Preface. (line 21)
- * awk, history of: History. (line 17)
- * awk, implementation issues, pipes: Redirection. (line 129)
- * awk, implementations: Other Versions. (line 6)
- * awk, implementations, limits: Getline Notes. (line 14)
- * awk, invoking: Command Line. (line 6)
- * awk, new vs. old: Names. (line 6)
- * awk, new vs. old, OFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 57)
- * awk, POSIX and: Preface. (line 21)
- * awk, POSIX and, See Also POSIX awk: Preface. (line 21)
- * awk, regexp constants and: Comparison Operators.
+ * 'awk', function of: Getting Started. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', 'gawk' and: Preface. (line 21)
+ * 'awk', 'gawk' and <1>: This Manual. (line 14)
+ * 'awk', history of: History. (line 17)
+ * 'awk', implementation issues, pipes: Redirection. (line 129)
+ * 'awk', implementations: Other Versions. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', implementations, limits: Getline Notes. (line 14)
+ * 'awk', invoking: Command Line. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', new vs. old: Names. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', new vs. old, 'OFMT' variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 56)
+ * 'awk', POSIX and: Preface. (line 21)
+ * 'awk', POSIX and, See Also POSIX 'awk': Preface. (line 21)
+ * 'awk', regexp constants and: Comparison Operators.
(line 103)
- * awk, See Also gawk: Preface. (line 34)
- * awk, terms describing: This Manual. (line 6)
- * awk, uses for <1>: When. (line 6)
- * awk, uses for <2>: Getting Started. (line 12)
- * awk, uses for: Preface. (line 21)
- * awk, versions of: V7/SVR3.1. (line 6)
- * awk, versions of, changes between SVR3.1 and SVR4: SVR4. (line 6)
- * awk, versions of, changes between SVR4 and POSIX awk: POSIX.
+ * 'awk', See Also 'gawk': Preface. (line 34)
+ * 'awk', terms describing: This Manual. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', uses for: Preface. (line 21)
+ * 'awk', uses for <1>: Getting Started. (line 12)
+ * 'awk', uses for <2>: When. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', versions of: V7/SVR3.1. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', versions of, changes between SVR3.1 and SVR4: SVR4. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', versions of, changes between SVR4 and POSIX 'awk': POSIX.
(line 6)
- * awk, versions of, changes between V7 and SVR3.1: V7/SVR3.1. (line 6)
- * awk, versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's awk <1>: Other Versions.
- (line 13)
- * awk, versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's awk: BTL. (line 6)
- * awka compiler for awk: Other Versions. (line 68)
- * AWKLIBPATH environment variable: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6)
- * AWKPATH environment variable <1>: PC Using. (line 10)
- * AWKPATH environment variable: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6)
- * awkprof.out file: Profiling. (line 6)
- * awksed.awk program: Simple Sed. (line 25)
- * awkvars.out file: Options. (line 93)
- * b debugger command (alias for break): Breakpoint Control. (line 11)
- * backslash (\): Comments. (line 50)
- * backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85)
- * backslash (\), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 56)
- * backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76)
- * backslash (\), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 30)
- * backslash (\), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 34)
- * backslash (\), \` operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 54)
- * backslash (\), \a escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 34)
- * backslash (\), \b escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 38)
- * backslash (\), \B operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 43)
- * backslash (\), \f escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 41)
- * backslash (\), \n escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 44)
- * backslash (\), \NNN escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 56)
- * backslash (\), \r escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 47)
- * backslash (\), \S operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 17)
- * backslash (\), \s operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ * 'awk', versions of, changes between V7 and SVR3.1: V7/SVR3.1.
+ (line 6)
+ * 'awk', versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's 'awk': BTL. (line 6)
+ * 'awk', versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <1>: Other Versions.
(line 13)
- * backslash (\), \t escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 50)
- * backslash (\), \v escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 53)
- * backslash (\), \W operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 26)
- * backslash (\), \w operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 21)
- * backslash (\), \x escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61)
- * backslash (\), \y operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 38)
- * backslash (\), as field separator: Command Line Field Separator.
+ * 'awka' compiler for 'awk': Other Versions. (line 68)
+ * 'AWKLIBPATH' environment variable: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6)
+ * 'AWKPATH' environment variable: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6)
+ * 'AWKPATH' environment variable <1>: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * 'awkprof.out' file: Profiling. (line 6)
+ * 'awksed.awk' program: Simple Sed. (line 25)
+ * 'awkvars.out' file: Options. (line 94)
+ * 'b' debugger command (alias for 'break'): Breakpoint Control.
+ (line 11)
+ * backslash ('\'): Comments. (line 50)
+ * backslash ('\'), as field separator: Command Line Field Separator.
(line 24)
- * backslash (\), continuing lines and: Statements/Lines. (line 19)
- * backslash (\), continuing lines and, comments and: Statements/Lines.
- (line 76)
- * backslash (\), continuing lines and, in csh: Statements/Lines.
- (line 44)
- * backslash (\), gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions and: Gory Details.
+ * backslash ('\'), continuing lines and: Statements/Lines. (line 19)
+ * backslash ('\'), continuing lines and, comments and: Statements/Lines.
+ (line 75)
+ * backslash ('\'), continuing lines and, in 'csh': Statements/Lines.
+ (line 43)
+ * backslash ('\'), 'gsub()'/'gensub()'/'sub()' functions and: Gory Details.
(line 6)
- * backslash (\), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
- * backslash (\), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6)
- * backslash (\), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences.
+ * backslash ('\'), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions.
+ (line 17)
+ * backslash ('\'), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6)
-* backslash ('\'), in escape sequences <1>: Escape Sequences. (line 100)
++* backslash ('\'), in escape sequences <1>: Escape Sequences. (line 103)
+ * backslash ('\'), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences.
- (line 105)
+ (line 108)
- * backslash (\), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
- * backslash (\), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
- * backslash (\), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18)
- * backtrace debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 13)
- * Beebe, Nelson H.F. <1>: Other Versions. (line 82)
+ * backslash ('\'), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
+ * backslash ('\'), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
+ * backslash ('\'), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18)
-* backslash ('\'), '\"' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82)
++* backslash ('\'), '\"' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 85)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\'' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 59)
-* backslash ('\'), '\/' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73)
++* backslash ('\'), '\/' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 76)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\<' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 33)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\>' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 37)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\a' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 34)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\b' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 38)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\B' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 46)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\f' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 41)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\n' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 44)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\'NNN escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 56)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\r' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 47)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\s' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 13)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\S' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 17)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\t' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 50)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\v' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 53)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\w' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 22)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\W' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 28)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\x' escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 61)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\y' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 41)
+ * backslash ('\'), '\`' operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 57)
+ * 'backtrace' debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 13)
* Beebe, Nelson H.F.: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * BEGIN pattern <1>: Using BEGIN/END. (line 6)
- * BEGIN pattern <2>: BEGIN/END. (line 6)
- * BEGIN pattern: Field Separators. (line 45)
- * BEGIN pattern, and profiling: Profiling. (line 62)
- * BEGIN pattern, assert() user-defined function and: Assert Function.
+ * Beebe, Nelson H.F. <1>: Other Versions. (line 82)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern: Field Separators. (line 44)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern <1>: BEGIN/END. (line 6)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern <2>: Using BEGIN/END. (line 6)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, and profiling: Profiling. (line 62)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'assert()' user-defined function and: Assert Function.
(line 83)
- * BEGIN pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 70)
- * BEGIN pattern, exit statement and: Exit Statement. (line 12)
- * BEGIN pattern, getline and: Getline Notes. (line 19)
- * BEGIN pattern, headings, adding: Print Examples. (line 43)
- * BEGIN pattern, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Next Statement.
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 70)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'exit' statement and: Exit Statement. (line 12)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'getline' and: Getline Notes. (line 19)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, headings, adding: Print Examples. (line 42)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'next'/'nextfile' statements and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
+ (line 36)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'next'/'nextfile' statements and <1>: Next Statement.
(line 44)
- * BEGIN pattern, next/nextfile statements and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
- (line 37)
- * BEGIN pattern, OFS/ORS variables, assigning values to: Output Separators.
- (line 21)
- * BEGIN pattern, operators and: Using BEGIN/END. (line 17)
- * BEGIN pattern, print statement and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16)
- * BEGIN pattern, pwcat program: Passwd Functions. (line 143)
- * BEGIN pattern, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 63)
- * BEGIN pattern, TEXTDOMAIN variable and: Programmer i18n. (line 60)
- * BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6)
- * BEGINFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns.
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'OFS'/'ORS' variables, assigning values to: Output
Separators.
+ (line 20)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, operators and: Using BEGIN/END. (line 17)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'print' statement and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 15)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'pwcat' program: Passwd Functions. (line 143)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, running 'awk' programs and: Cut Program. (line 63)
+ * 'BEGIN' pattern, 'TEXTDOMAIN' variable and: Programmer i18n.
+ (line 60)
+ * 'BEGINFILE' pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6)
+ * 'BEGINFILE' pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns.
(line 70)
- * beginfile() user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 62)
- * Bentley, Jon: Glossary. (line 207)
- * Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 97)
- * Berry, Karl <1>: Ranges and Locales. (line 74)
+ * 'beginfile()' user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 62)
+ * Bentley, Jon: Glossary. (line 206)
+ * Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 98)
* Berry, Karl: Acknowledgments. (line 33)
+ * Berry, Karl <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 74)
+ * Berry, Karl <2>: Ranges and Locales. (line 74)
* binary input/output: User-modified. (line 15)
- * bindtextdomain <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 48)
- * bindtextdomain: I18N Functions. (line 12)
- * bindtextdomain() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 50)
- * bindtextdomain() function (gawk), portability and: I18N Portability.
+ * 'bindtextdomain': I18N Functions. (line 11)
+ * 'bindtextdomain' <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 48)
+ * 'bindtextdomain()' function (C library): Explaining gettext.
+ (line 50)
+ * 'bindtextdomain()' function ('gawk'), portability and: I18N Portability.
(line 33)
- * BINMODE variable <1>: PC Using. (line 33)
- * BINMODE variable: User-modified. (line 15)
+ * 'BINMODE' variable: User-modified. (line 15)
+ * 'BINMODE' variable <1>: PC Using. (line 33)
* bit-manipulation functions: Bitwise Functions. (line 6)
- * bits2str() user-defined function: Bitwise Functions. (line 71)
+ * 'bits2str()' user-defined function: Bitwise Functions. (line 72)
* bitwise AND: Bitwise Functions. (line 40)
* bitwise complement: Bitwise Functions. (line 44)
* bitwise OR: Bitwise Functions. (line 50)
@@@ -32439,47 -31996,50 +32361,50 @@@
* breakpoint, delete by number: Breakpoint Control. (line 64)
* breakpoint, how to disable or enable: Breakpoint Control. (line 69)
* breakpoint, setting: Breakpoint Control. (line 11)
- * Brennan, Michael <1>: Other Versions. (line 6)
- * Brennan, Michael <2>: Simple Sed. (line 25)
- * Brennan, Michael <3>: Delete. (line 56)
- * Brennan, Michael <4>: Acknowledgments. (line 78)
- * Brennan, Michael <5>: Foreword4. (line 33)
* Brennan, Michael: Foreword3. (line 84)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <1>: I/O Functions. (line 43)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <2>: Gory Details. (line 19)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <3>: String Functions. (line 493)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <4>: Delete. (line 51)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <5>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <6>: Continue Statement. (line 44)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <7>: Break Statement. (line 51)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <8>: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <9>: Concatenation. (line 36)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <10>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <11>: Regexp Field Splitting.
+ * Brennan, Michael <1>: Foreword4. (line 33)
+ * Brennan, Michael <2>: Acknowledgments. (line 78)
+ * Brennan, Michael <3>: Delete. (line 56)
+ * Brennan, Michael <4>: Simple Sed. (line 25)
+ * Brennan, Michael <5>: Other Versions. (line 6)
+ * Brennan, Michael <6>: Other Versions. (line 48)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk': When. (line 21)
-* Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <1>: Escape Sequences. (line 109)
++* Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <1>: Escape Sequences. (line 112)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <2>: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 85)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <3>: Regexp Field Splitting.
(line 67)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <12>: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 82)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 112)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk: When. (line 21)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions: BTL. (line 6)
- * Brian Kernighan's awk, source code: Other Versions. (line 13)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <5>: Concatenation. (line 36)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <6>: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 15)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <7>: Break Statement. (line 51)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <8>: Continue Statement. (line 44)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <9>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <10>: Delete. (line 51)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <11>: String Functions. (line 493)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <12>: Gory Details. (line 19)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk' <13>: I/O Functions. (line 43)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk', extensions: BTL. (line 6)
+ * Brian Kernighan's 'awk', source code: Other Versions. (line 13)
* Brini, Davide: Signature Program. (line 6)
* Brink, Jeroen: DOS Quoting. (line 10)
- * Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 88)
- * Brown, Martin: Contributors. (line 82)
- * BSD-based operating systems: Glossary. (line 753)
- * bt debugger command (alias for backtrace): Execution Stack. (line 13)
- * Buening, Andreas <1>: Bugs. (line 71)
- * Buening, Andreas <2>: Contributors. (line 92)
+ * Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 89)
+ * Brown, Martin: Contributors. (line 83)
+ * BSD-based operating systems: Glossary. (line 748)
+ * 'bt' debugger command (alias for 'backtrace'): Execution Stack.
+ (line 13)
* Buening, Andreas: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 52)
- * buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 141)
+ * Buening, Andreas <1>: Contributors. (line 93)
+ * Buening, Andreas <2>: Bugs. (line 73)
+ * buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 139)
+ * buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 53)
* buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions. (line 76)
* buffers, flushing: I/O Functions. (line 32)
+ * buffers, flushing <1>: I/O Functions. (line 139)
* buffers, operators for: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 48)
- * bug reports, email address, address@hidden: Bugs. (line 30)
- * address@hidden bug reporting address: Bugs. (line 30)
+ (line 51)
+ * bug reports, email address, 'address@hidden': Bugs. (line 30)
+ * 'address@hidden' bug reporting address: Bugs. (line 30)
* built-in functions: Functions. (line 6)
* built-in functions, evaluation order: Calling Built-in. (line 30)
* BusyBox Awk: Other Versions. (line 92)
@@@ -32634,68 -32195,71 +32560,71 @@@
* convert string to upper case: String Functions. (line 530)
* converting integer array subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts.
(line 31)
- * converting, dates to timestamps: Time Functions. (line 76)
- * converting, numbers to strings <1>: Bitwise Functions. (line 110)
+ * converting, dates to timestamps: Time Functions. (line 75)
* converting, numbers to strings: Strings And Numbers. (line 6)
- * converting, strings to numbers <1>: Bitwise Functions. (line 110)
+ * converting, numbers to strings <1>: Bitwise Functions. (line 111)
* converting, strings to numbers: Strings And Numbers. (line 6)
- * CONVFMT variable <1>: User-modified. (line 30)
- * CONVFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 29)
- * CONVFMT variable, and array subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts.
+ * converting, strings to numbers <1>: Bitwise Functions. (line 111)
+ * 'CONVFMT' variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 29)
+ * 'CONVFMT' variable <1>: User-modified. (line 30)
+ * 'CONVFMT' variable, and array subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts.
(line 6)
- * cookie: Glossary. (line 258)
- * coprocesses <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 25)
+ * cookie: Glossary. (line 257)
* coprocesses: Redirection. (line 96)
+ * coprocesses <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 27)
* coprocesses, closing: Close Files And Pipes.
(line 6)
- * coprocesses, getline from: Getline/Coprocess. (line 6)
- * cos: Numeric Functions. (line 15)
- * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 15)
+ * coprocesses, 'getline' from: Getline/Coprocess. (line 6)
+ * 'cos': Numeric Functions. (line 14)
+ * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 14)
* counting: Wc Program. (line 6)
- * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44)
- * csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 354)
- * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 25)
- * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 74)
+ * 'csh' utility: Statements/Lines. (line 43)
+ * 'csh' utility, 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' environment variable: Options.
- (line 353)
++ (line 351)
+ * 'csh' utility, '|&' operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 27)
+ * 'ctime()' user-defined function: Function Example. (line 74)
* currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104)
- * current system time: Time Functions. (line 66)
- * custom.h file: Configuration Philosophy.
+ * current system time: Time Functions. (line 65)
+ * 'custom.h' file: Configuration Philosophy.
(line 30)
* customized input parser: Input Parsers. (line 6)
* customized output wrapper: Output Wrappers. (line 6)
* customized two-way processor: Two-way processors. (line 6)
- * cut utility: Cut Program. (line 6)
- * cut.awk program: Cut Program. (line 45)
- * d debugger command (alias for delete): Breakpoint Control. (line 64)
+ * 'cut' utility: Cut Program. (line 6)
+ * 'cut' utility <1>: Cut Program. (line 6)
+ * 'cut.awk' program: Cut Program. (line 45)
+ * 'd' debugger command (alias for 'delete'): Breakpoint Control.
+ (line 64)
* d.c., See dark corner: Conventions. (line 42)
- * dark corner <1>: Glossary. (line 269)
* dark corner: Conventions. (line 42)
- * dark corner, "0" is actually true: Truth Values. (line 24)
- * dark corner, /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
- (line 148)
- * dark corner, ^, in FS: Regexp Field Splitting.
- (line 59)
+ * dark corner <1>: Glossary. (line 268)
+ * dark corner, '"0"' is actually true: Truth Values. (line 24)
+ * dark corner, '/=' operator vs. '/=.../' regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
+ (line 149)
* dark corner, array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts.
(line 43)
- * dark corner, break statement: Break Statement. (line 51)
- * dark corner, close() function: Close Files And Pipes.
- (line 133)
+ * dark corner, 'break' statement: Break Statement. (line 51)
+ * dark corner, 'close()' function: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 132)
* dark corner, command-line arguments: Assignment Options. (line 43)
- * dark corner, continue statement: Continue Statement. (line 44)
- * dark corner, CONVFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 40)
+ * dark corner, 'continue' statement: Continue Statement. (line 44)
+ * dark corner, 'CONVFMT' variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 39)
* dark corner, escape sequences: Other Arguments. (line 38)
* dark corner, escape sequences, for metacharacters: Escape Sequences.
- (line 140)
+ (line 143)
- * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30)
+ * dark corner, 'exit' statement: Exit Statement. (line 30)
* dark corner, field separators: Full Line Fields. (line 22)
- * dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109)
- * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19)
- * dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 341)
+ * dark corner, 'FILENAME' variable: Getline Notes. (line 19)
-* dark corner, 'FILENAME' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90)
-* dark corner, 'FNR'/'NR' variables: Auto-set. (line 313)
++* dark corner, 'FILENAME' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109)
++* dark corner, 'FNR'/'NR' variables: Auto-set. (line 340)
* dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18)
- * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields.
+ * dark corner, format-control characters <1>: Control Letters.
+ (line 93)
+ * dark corner, 'FS' as null string: Single Character Fields.
(line 20)
- * dark corner, input files: awk split records. (line 111)
- * dark corner, invoking awk: Command Line. (line 16)
- * dark corner, length() function: String Functions. (line 187)
+ * dark corner, input files: awk split records. (line 110)
+ * dark corner, invoking 'awk': Command Line. (line 16)
+ * dark corner, 'length()' function: String Functions. (line 186)
* dark corner, locale's decimal point character: Locale influences
conversions.
(line 17)
* dark corner, multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 35)
@@@ -32837,99 -32403,109 +32768,111 @@@
* debugger prompt: Debugger Info. (line 78)
* debugger, how to start: Debugger Invocation. (line 6)
* debugger, read commands from a file: Debugger Info. (line 97)
- * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6)
- * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9)
- * decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 270)
+ * debugging 'awk' programs: Debugger. (line 6)
+ * debugging 'gawk', bug reports: Bugs. (line 9)
-* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 269)
++* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 267)
* decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35)
- * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6)
- * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 71)
- * Deifik, Scott <2>: Contributors. (line 53)
+ * 'default' keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6)
* Deifik, Scott: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * delete ARRAY: Delete. (line 39)
+ * Deifik, Scott <1>: Contributors. (line 54)
+ * Deifik, Scott <2>: Bugs. (line 73)
+ * 'delete' ARRAY: Delete. (line 39)
* delete breakpoint at location: Breakpoint Control. (line 36)
* delete breakpoint by number: Breakpoint Control. (line 64)
- * delete debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 64)
- * delete statement: Delete. (line 6)
+ * 'delete' debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 64)
+ * 'delete' statement: Delete. (line 6)
* delete watchpoint: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 84)
+ (line 83)
* deleting elements in arrays: Delete. (line 6)
* deleting entire arrays: Delete. (line 39)
* Demaille, Akim: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
* describe call stack frame, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 27)
- * differences between gawk and awk: String Functions. (line 201)
- * differences in awk and gawk, ARGC/ARGV variables: ARGC and ARGV.
+ * differences between 'gawk' and 'awk': String Functions. (line 200)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'ARGC'/'ARGV' variables: ARGC and ARGV.
(line 90)
- * differences in awk and gawk, ARGIND variable: Auto-set. (line 44)
- * differences in awk and gawk, array elements, deleting: Delete.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'ARGIND' variable: Auto-set.
+ (line 44)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', array elements, deleting: Delete.
(line 39)
- * differences in awk and gawk, AWKLIBPATH environment variable: AWKLIBPATH
Variable.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'AWKLIBPATH' environment variable:
AWKLIBPATH Variable.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, AWKPATH environment variable: AWKPATH Variable.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'AWKPATH' environment variable: AWKPATH
Variable.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, BEGIN/END patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END.
- (line 16)
- * differences in awk and gawk, BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'BEGIN'/'END' patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END.
+ (line 15)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'BEGINFILE'/'ENDFILE' patterns:
BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, BINMODE variable <1>: PC Using.
- (line 33)
- * differences in awk and gawk, BINMODE variable: User-modified.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'BINMODE' variable: User-modified.
(line 15)
- * differences in awk and gawk, close() function: Close Files And Pipes.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'BINMODE' variable <1>: PC Using.
+ (line 33)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'close()' function: Close Files And Pipes.
(line 81)
- * differences in awk and gawk, command-line directories: Command-line
directories.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'close()' function <1>: Close Files And
Pipes.
+ (line 132)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', command-line directories: Command-line
directories.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 88)
- * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 19)
- * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable: Auto-set.
- (line 74)
++ (line 88)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', error messages: Special FD.
+ (line 19)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable: User-modified.
(line 37)
- * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43)
- * differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 135)
- * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'FPAT' variable: User-modified.
+ (line 43)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'FUNCTAB' variable: Auto-set.
- (line 116)
++ (line 135)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', function arguments ('gawk'): Calling
Built-in.
(line 16)
- * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19)
- * differences in awk and gawk, IGNORECASE variable: User-modified.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'getline' command: Getline.
+ (line 19)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'IGNORECASE' variable: User-modified.
(line 76)
- * differences in awk and gawk, implementation limitations <1>: Redirection.
- (line 129)
- * differences in awk and gawk, implementation limitations: Getline Notes.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', implementation limitations: Getline Notes.
(line 14)
- * differences in awk and gawk, indirect function calls: Indirect Calls.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', implementation limitations <1>:
Redirection.
+ (line 129)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', indirect function calls: Indirect Calls.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, input/output operators <1>: Redirection.
- (line 96)
- * differences in awk and gawk, input/output operators: Getline/Coprocess.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', input/output operators: Getline/Coprocess.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, line continuations: Conditional Exp.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', input/output operators <1>: Redirection.
+ (line 96)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', line continuations: Conditional Exp.
(line 34)
- * differences in awk and gawk, LINT variable: User-modified. (line 87)
- * differences in awk and gawk, match() function: String Functions.
- (line 263)
- * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'LINT' variable: User-modified.
+ (line 87)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'match()' function: String Functions.
+ (line 262)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'print'/'printf' statements: Format
Modifiers.
(line 13)
- * differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 149)
- * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records.
- (line 125)
- * differences in awk and gawk, regexp constants: Using Constant Regexps.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array: Auto-set.
- (line 130)
++ (line 149)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', read timeouts: Read Timeout.
+ (line 6)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', record separators: awk split records.
+ (line 124)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', regexp constants: Using Constant Regexps.
(line 43)
- * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', regular expressions: Case-sensitivity.
(line 26)
- * differences in awk and gawk, retrying input: Retrying Input.
++* differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', retrying input: Retrying Input.
+ (line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'RS'/'RT' variables: gawk split records.
(line 58)
- * differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 292)
- * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character
Fields.
-* differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'RT' variable: Auto-set. (line 264)
++* differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'RT' variable: Auto-set. (line 291)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', single-character fields: Single Character
Fields.
(line 6)
- * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions.
- (line 349)
- * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20)
- * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records.
- (line 77)
- * differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 296)
- * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified.
- (line 151)
- * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops.
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'split()' function: String Functions.
+ (line 348)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', strings, storing: gawk split records.
+ (line 76)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'SYMTAB' variable: Auto-set.
- (line 268)
++ (line 295)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', 'TEXTDOMAIN' variable: User-modified.
+ (line 152)
+ * differences in 'awk' and 'gawk', trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops.
(line 66)
* directories, command-line: Command-line directories.
(line 6)
@@@ -32943,37 -32519,38 +32886,38 @@@
(line 8)
* display debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 57)
* division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44)
- * do-while statement: Do Statement. (line 6)
- * do-while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
- * documentation, of awk programs: Library Names. (line 6)
+ * 'do'-'while' statement: Do Statement. (line 6)
+ * 'do'-'while' statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
+ * documentation, of 'awk' programs: Library Names. (line 6)
* documentation, online: Manual History. (line 11)
* documents, searching: Dupword Program. (line 6)
- * dollar sign ($), $ field operator <1>: Precedence. (line 43)
- * dollar sign ($), $ field operator: Fields. (line 19)
- * dollar sign ($), incrementing fields and arrays: Increment Ops.
+ * dollar sign ('$'), '$' field operator: Fields. (line 19)
+ * dollar sign ('$'), '$' field operator <1>: Precedence. (line 42)
+ * dollar sign ('$'), incrementing fields and arrays: Increment Ops.
(line 30)
- * dollar sign ($), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 35)
- * double quote ("), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
- * double quote ("), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 54)
- * down debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 23)
+ * dollar sign ('$'), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 35)
+ * double quote ('"'), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 30)
+ * double quote ('"'), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 54)
+ * 'down' debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 23)
* Drepper, Ulrich: Acknowledgments. (line 52)
* Duman, Patrice: Acknowledgments. (line 74)
- * dump all variables of a program: Options. (line 93)
- * dump debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * dump all variables of a program: Options. (line 94)
+ * 'dump' debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 9)
- * dupword.awk program: Dupword Program. (line 31)
- * dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178)
+ * 'dupword.awk' program: Dupword Program. (line 31)
-* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178)
++* dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 177)
* dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6)
- * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73)
+ * 'e' debugger command (alias for 'enable'): Breakpoint Control.
+ (line 73)
* EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45)
- * effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 154)
- * effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 162)
- * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6)
- * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26)
- * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54)
-* effective group ID of 'gawk' user: Auto-set. (line 135)
-* effective user ID of 'gawk' user: Auto-set. (line 139)
++* effective group ID of 'gawk' user: Auto-set. (line 154)
++* effective user ID of 'gawk' user: Auto-set. (line 162)
+ * 'egrep' utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26)
+ * 'egrep' utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6)
+ * 'egrep.awk' program: Egrep Program. (line 53)
* elements in arrays, assigning values: Assigning Elements. (line 6)
* elements in arrays, deleting: Delete. (line 6)
- * elements in arrays, order of access by in operator: Scanning an Array.
+ * elements in arrays, order of access by 'in' operator: Scanning an Array.
(line 48)
* elements in arrays, scanning: Scanning an Array. (line 6)
* elements of arrays: Reference to Elements.
@@@ -32987,53 -32564,55 +32931,55 @@@
* empty strings, See null strings: Regexp Field Splitting.
(line 43)
* enable breakpoint: Breakpoint Control. (line 73)
- * enable debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 73)
- * end debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'enable' debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 73)
+ * 'end' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
(line 10)
- * END pattern <1>: Using BEGIN/END. (line 6)
- * END pattern: BEGIN/END. (line 6)
- * END pattern, and profiling: Profiling. (line 62)
- * END pattern, assert() user-defined function and: Assert Function.
+ * 'END' pattern: BEGIN/END. (line 6)
+ * 'END' pattern <1>: Using BEGIN/END. (line 6)
+ * 'END' pattern, and profiling: Profiling. (line 62)
+ * 'END' pattern, 'assert()' user-defined function and: Assert Function.
(line 75)
- * END pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 70)
- * END pattern, exit statement and: Exit Statement. (line 12)
- * END pattern, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Next Statement.
+ * 'END' pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 70)
+ * 'END' pattern, 'exit' statement and: Exit Statement. (line 12)
+ * 'END' pattern, 'next'/'nextfile' statements and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
+ (line 36)
+ * 'END' pattern, 'next'/'nextfile' statements and <1>: Next Statement.
(line 44)
- * END pattern, next/nextfile statements and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
- (line 37)
- * END pattern, operators and: Using BEGIN/END. (line 17)
- * END pattern, print statement and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16)
- * ENDFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6)
- * ENDFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 70)
- * endfile() user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 62)
- * endgrent() function (C library): Group Functions. (line 212)
- * endgrent() user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 215)
- * endpwent() function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 207)
- * endpwent() user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 210)
+ * 'END' pattern, operators and: Using BEGIN/END. (line 17)
+ * 'END' pattern, 'print' statement and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 15)
+ * 'ENDFILE' pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 6)
+ * 'ENDFILE' pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns.
+ (line 70)
+ * 'endfile()' user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 62)
+ * 'endgrent()' function (C library): Group Functions. (line 211)
+ * 'endgrent()' user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 214)
+ * 'endpwent()' function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 207)
+ * 'endpwent()' user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 210)
* English, Steve: Advanced Features. (line 6)
- * ENVIRON array: Auto-set. (line 60)
- * environment variables used by gawk: Environment Variables.
+ * 'ENVIRON' array: Auto-set. (line 59)
+ * environment variables used by 'gawk': Environment Variables.
(line 6)
- * environment variables, in ENVIRON array: Auto-set. (line 60)
- * epoch, definition of: Glossary. (line 315)
- * equals sign (=), = operator: Assignment Ops. (line 6)
- * equals sign (=), == operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * equals sign (=), == operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * environment variables, in 'ENVIRON' array: Auto-set. (line 59)
+ * epoch, definition of: Glossary. (line 312)
+ * equals sign ('='), '=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 6)
+ * equals sign ('='), '==' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
+ * equals sign ('='), '==' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
* EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 26)
- * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54)
- * ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 88)
- * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26)
- * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes.
- (line 141)
- * ERRNO variable, with getline command: Getline. (line 19)
-* 'ERRNO' variable: Auto-set. (line 74)
++* 'ERRNO' variable: Auto-set. (line 88)
+ * 'ERRNO' variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54)
+ * 'ERRNO' variable, with 'BEGINFILE' pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
+ (line 26)
+ * 'ERRNO' variable, with 'close()' function: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 140)
+ * 'ERRNO' variable, with 'getline' command: Getline. (line 19)
* error handling: Special FD. (line 19)
- * error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 88)
-* error handling, 'ERRNO' variable and: Auto-set. (line 74)
++* error handling, 'ERRNO' variable and: Auto-set. (line 88)
* error output: Special FD. (line 6)
- * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details.
+ * escape processing, 'gsub()'/'gensub()'/'sub()' functions: Gory Details.
(line 6)
* escape sequences, in strings: Escape Sequences. (line 6)
- * eval debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
+ * 'eval' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
(line 23)
* evaluate expressions, in debugger: Viewing And Changing Data.
(line 23)
@@@ -33061,10 -32645,10 +33012,10 @@@
* exit status, of VMS: VMS Running. (line 28)
* exit the debugger: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 99)
- * exp: Numeric Functions. (line 18)
- * expand utility: Very Simple. (line 73)
+ * 'exp': Numeric Functions. (line 17)
+ * 'expand' utility: Very Simple. (line 72)
-* Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 35)
+* Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 37)
- * exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 18)
+ * exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 17)
* expressions: Expressions. (line 6)
* expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 6)
* expressions, assignment: Assignment Ops. (line 6)
@@@ -33082,7 -32666,7 +33033,7 @@@
(line 6)
* extension API version: Extension Versioning.
(line 6)
- * extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 255)
-* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 231)
++* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 254)
* extension example: Extension Example. (line 6)
* extension registration: Registration Functions.
(line 6)
@@@ -33152,36 -32739,39 +33106,39 @@@
* fields, examining: Fields. (line 6)
* fields, number of: Fields. (line 33)
* fields, numbers: Nonconstant Fields. (line 6)
- * fields, printing: Print Examples. (line 21)
+ * fields, printing: Print Examples. (line 20)
* fields, separating: Field Separators. (line 15)
+ * fields, separating <1>: Field Separators. (line 15)
* fields, single-character: Single Character Fields.
(line 6)
- * FIELDWIDTHS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 37)
- * FIELDWIDTHS variable: Constant Size. (line 22)
+ * 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable: Constant Size. (line 22)
+ * 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable <1>: User-modified. (line 37)
* file descriptors: Special FD. (line 6)
- * file inclusion, @include directive: Include Files. (line 8)
- * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56)
+ * file inclusion, '@include' directive: Include Files. (line 8)
+ * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 55)
* file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9)
- * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 48)
- * FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109)
- * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6)
- * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19)
+ * file names, standard streams in 'gawk': Special FD. (line 48)
+ * 'FILENAME' variable: Reading Files. (line 6)
-* 'FILENAME' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90)
++* 'FILENAME' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 109)
+ * 'FILENAME' variable, 'getline', setting with: Getline Notes.
+ (line 19)
* filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6)
- * files, .gmo: Explaining gettext. (line 42)
- * files, .gmo, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 48)
- * files, .gmo, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 54)
- * files, .mo, converting from .po: I18N Example. (line 64)
- * files, .po <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6)
- * files, .po: Explaining gettext. (line 37)
- * files, .po, converting to .mo: I18N Example. (line 64)
- * files, .pot: Explaining gettext. (line 31)
- * files, /dev/... special files: Special FD. (line 48)
- * files, /inet/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
- * files, /inet4/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
- * files, /inet6/... (gawk): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
- * files, awk programs in: Long. (line 6)
- * files, awkprof.out: Profiling. (line 6)
- * files, awkvars.out: Options. (line 93)
+ * files, '.gmo': Explaining gettext. (line 42)
+ * files, '.gmo', specifying directory of: Explaining gettext. (line 54)
+ * files, '.gmo', specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n.
+ (line 48)
+ * files, '.mo', converting from '.po': I18N Example. (line 66)
+ * files, '.po': Explaining gettext. (line 37)
+ * files, '.po' <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6)
+ * files, '.po', converting to '.mo': I18N Example. (line 66)
+ * files, '.pot': Explaining gettext. (line 31)
+ * files, '/dev/...' special files: Special FD. (line 48)
+ * files, '/inet/...' ('gawk'): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
+ * files, '/inet4/...' ('gawk'): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
+ * files, '/inet6/...' ('gawk'): TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
+ * files, 'awk' programs in: Long. (line 6)
+ * files, 'awkprof.out': Profiling. (line 6)
+ * files, 'awkvars.out': Options. (line 94)
* files, closing: I/O Functions. (line 10)
* files, descriptors, See file descriptors: Special FD. (line 6)
* files, group: Group Functions. (line 6)
@@@ -33229,14 -32819,14 +33186,14 @@@
(line 6)
* floating-point, VAX/VMS: VMS Running. (line 50)
* flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28)
- * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch.
+ * 'fnmatch()' extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch.
(line 12)
- * FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119)
- * FNR variable: Records. (line 6)
- * FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 341)
- * for statement: For Statement. (line 6)
- * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20)
- * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork.
+ * 'FNR' variable: Records. (line 6)
-* 'FNR' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 100)
-* 'FNR' variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 313)
++* 'FNR' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 119)
++* 'FNR' variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 340)
+ * 'for' statement: For Statement. (line 6)
+ * 'for' statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20)
+ * 'fork()' extension function: Extension Sample Fork.
(line 11)
* format specifiers: Basic Printf. (line 15)
* format specifiers, mixing regular with positional specifiers: Printf
Ordering.
@@@ -33248,45 -32838,47 +33205,47 @@@
* formats, numeric output: OFMT. (line 6)
* formatting output: Printf. (line 6)
* formatting strings: String Functions. (line 384)
- * forward slash (/) to enclose regular expressions: Regexp. (line 10)
- * forward slash (/), / operator: Precedence. (line 55)
- * forward slash (/), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * forward slash (/), /= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * forward slash (/), /= operator, vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
- (line 148)
- * forward slash (/), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24)
- * FPAT variable <1>: User-modified. (line 43)
- * FPAT variable: Splitting By Content.
+ * forward slash ('/') to enclose regular expressions: Regexp. (line 10)
+ * forward slash ('/'), '/' operator: Precedence. (line 54)
+ * forward slash ('/'), '/=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * forward slash ('/'), '/=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * forward slash ('/'), '/=' operator, vs. '/=.../' regexp constant:
Assignment Ops.
+ (line 149)
+ * forward slash ('/'), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24)
+ * 'FPAT' variable: Splitting By Content.
(line 25)
- * frame debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 27)
+ * 'FPAT' variable <1>: User-modified. (line 43)
+ * 'frame' debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 27)
* Free Documentation License (FDL): GNU Free Documentation License.
- (line 7)
- * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <1>: Glossary. (line 375)
- * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <2>: Getting. (line 10)
+ (line 8)
* Free Software Foundation (FSF): Manual History. (line 6)
- * FreeBSD: Glossary. (line 753)
- * FS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 50)
- * FS variable: Field Separators. (line 15)
- * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21)
- * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields.
+ * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <1>: Getting. (line 10)
+ * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <2>: Glossary. (line 372)
+ * Free Software Foundation (FSF) <3>: Glossary. (line 405)
+ * FreeBSD: Glossary. (line 748)
+ * 'FS' variable: Field Separators. (line 15)
+ * 'FS' variable <1>: User-modified. (line 50)
+ * 'FS' variable, '--field-separator' option and: Options. (line 21)
+ * 'FS' variable, as null string: Single Character Fields.
(line 20)
- * FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266)
- * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 35)
- * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 63)
- * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator.
-* 'FS' variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266)
++* 'FS' variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 264)
+ * 'FS' variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 34)
+ * 'FS' variable, running 'awk' programs and: Cut Program. (line 63)
+ * 'FS' variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator.
(line 6)
- * FS, containing ^: Regexp Field Splitting.
+ * 'FS', containing '^': Regexp Field Splitting.
(line 59)
- * FS, in multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 41)
- * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Glossary. (line 375)
- * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <2>: Getting. (line 10)
+ * 'FS', in multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 41)
* FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6)
- * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions.
- (line 61)
- * FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 135)
+ * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Getting. (line 10)
+ * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <2>: Glossary. (line 372)
+ * FSF (Free Software Foundation) <3>: Glossary. (line 405)
+ * 'fts()' extension function: Extension Sample File Functions.
+ (line 60)
-* 'FUNCTAB' array: Auto-set. (line 116)
++* 'FUNCTAB' array: Auto-set. (line 135)
* function calls: Function Calls. (line 6)
* function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6)
- * function calls, indirect, @-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47)
+ * function calls, indirect, '@'-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47)
* function definition example: Function Example. (line 6)
* function pointers: Indirect Calls. (line 6)
* functions, arrays as parameters to: Pass By Value/Reference.
@@@ -33326,261 -32918,266 +33285,272 @@@
* functions, user-defined, calling: Function Caveats. (line 6)
* functions, user-defined, counts, in a profile: Profiling. (line 137)
* functions, user-defined, library of: Library Functions. (line 6)
- * functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Nextfile
Statement.
- (line 47)
- * functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement.
+ * functions, user-defined, 'next'/'nextfile' statements and: Next Statement.
(line 44)
- * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 94)
- * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34)
- * gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178)
- * gawk version: Auto-set. (line 230)
- * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15)
- * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14)
- * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21)
- * gawk, bitwise operations in: Bitwise Functions. (line 40)
- * gawk, break statement in: Break Statement. (line 51)
- * gawk, character classes and: Bracket Expressions. (line 101)
- * gawk, coding style in: Adding Code. (line 38)
- * gawk, command-line options, and regular expressions: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 70)
- * gawk, configuring: Configuration Philosophy.
+ * functions, user-defined, 'next'/'nextfile' statements and <1>: Nextfile
Statement.
+ (line 47)
+ * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 93)
+ * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 35)
-* 'gawk' program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 178)
-* 'gawk' version: Auto-set. (line 206)
++* 'gawk' program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 177)
++* 'gawk' version: Auto-set. (line 229)
+ * 'gawk', 'ARGIND' variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15)
+ * 'gawk', 'awk' and: Preface. (line 21)
+ * 'gawk', 'awk' and <1>: This Manual. (line 14)
+ * 'gawk', bitwise operations in: Bitwise Functions. (line 40)
+ * 'gawk', 'break' statement in: Break Statement. (line 51)
+ * 'gawk', character classes and: Bracket Expressions. (line 100)
+ * 'gawk', coding style in: Adding Code. (line 37)
+ * 'gawk', command-line options, and regular expressions: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 73)
+ * 'gawk', configuring: Configuration Philosophy.
(line 6)
- * gawk, configuring, options: Additional Configuration Options.
+ * 'gawk', configuring, options: Additional Configuration Options.
(line 6)
- * gawk, continue statement in: Continue Statement. (line 44)
- * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents.
+ * 'gawk', 'continue' statement in: Continue Statement. (line 44)
+ * 'gawk', distribution: Distribution contents.
(line 6)
- * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54)
- * gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 88)
- * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26)
- * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes.
- (line 141)
- * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19)
- * gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 120)
- * gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254)
- * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6)
- * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6)
- * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 71)
- * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 37)
- * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in: Constant Size. (line 22)
- * gawk, file names in: Special Files. (line 6)
- * gawk, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18)
- * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43)
- * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content.
+ * 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable in: Getline. (line 19)
+ * 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable in <1>: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 140)
+ * 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable in <2>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26)
-* 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable in <3>: Auto-set. (line 74)
++* 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable in <3>: Auto-set. (line 88)
+ * 'gawk', 'ERRNO' variable in <4>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54)
-* 'gawk', escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 117)
-* 'gawk', extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254)
++* 'gawk', escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 120)
++* 'gawk', extensions, disabling: Options. (line 252)
+ * 'gawk', features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', field separators and: User-modified. (line 71)
+ * 'gawk', 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable in: Constant Size. (line 22)
+ * 'gawk', 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 37)
+ * 'gawk', file names in: Special Files. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18)
+ * 'gawk', format-control characters <1>: Control Letters. (line 93)
+ * 'gawk', 'FPAT' variable in: Splitting By Content.
(line 25)
- * gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 135)
- * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16)
- * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42)
- * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions.
+ * 'gawk', 'FPAT' variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43)
-* 'gawk', 'FUNCTAB' array in: Auto-set. (line 116)
++* 'gawk', 'FUNCTAB' array in: Auto-set. (line 135)
+ * 'gawk', function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16)
+ * 'gawk', hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 41)
+ * 'gawk', 'IGNORECASE' variable in: Case-sensitivity. (line 26)
+ * 'gawk', 'IGNORECASE' variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 76)
+ * 'gawk', 'IGNORECASE' variable in <2>: Array Intro. (line 100)
+ * 'gawk', 'IGNORECASE' variable in <3>: String Functions. (line 58)
+ * 'gawk', 'IGNORECASE' variable in <4>: Array Sorting Functions.
(line 83)
- * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <2>: String Functions. (line 58)
- * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <3>: Array Intro. (line 100)
- * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <4>: User-modified. (line 76)
- * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in: Case-sensitivity. (line 26)
- * gawk, implementation issues: Notes. (line 6)
- * gawk, implementation issues, debugging: Compatibility Mode. (line 6)
- * gawk, implementation issues, downward compatibility: Compatibility Mode.
+ * 'gawk', implementation issues: Notes. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', implementation issues, debugging: Compatibility Mode.
(line 6)
- * gawk, implementation issues, limits: Getline Notes. (line 14)
- * gawk, implementation issues, pipes: Redirection. (line 129)
- * gawk, installing: Installation. (line 6)
- * gawk, internationalization and, See internationalization:
Internationalization.
+ * 'gawk', implementation issues, downward compatibility: Compatibility Mode.
+ (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', implementation issues, limits: Getline Notes. (line 14)
+ * 'gawk', implementation issues, pipes: Redirection. (line 129)
+ * 'gawk', installing: Installation. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', internationalization and, See internationalization:
Internationalization.
(line 13)
- * gawk, interpreter, adding code to: Using Internal File Ops.
+ * 'gawk', interpreter, adding code to: Using Internal File Ops.
(line 6)
- * gawk, interval expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 139)
- * gawk, line continuation in: Conditional Exp. (line 34)
- * gawk, LINT variable in: User-modified. (line 87)
- * gawk, list of contributors to: Contributors. (line 6)
- * gawk, MS-DOS version of: PC Using. (line 10)
- * gawk, MS-Windows version of: PC Using. (line 10)
- * gawk, newlines in: Statements/Lines. (line 12)
- * gawk, octal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42)
- * gawk, OS/2 version of: PC Using. (line 16)
- * gawk, predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14)
- * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99)
- * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47)
- * gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 149)
- * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps.
+ * 'gawk', interval expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 139)
+ * 'gawk', line continuation in: Conditional Exp. (line 34)
+ * 'gawk', 'LINT' variable in: User-modified. (line 87)
+ * 'gawk', list of contributors to: Contributors. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', MS-DOS version of: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * 'gawk', MS-Windows version of: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * 'gawk', newlines in: Statements/Lines. (line 12)
+ * 'gawk', octal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 41)
+ * 'gawk', OS/2 version of: PC Using. (line 16)
+ * 'gawk', predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14)
-* 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array in: Auto-set. (line 130)
-* 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array in <1>: Auto-set. (line 241)
++* 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array in: Auto-set. (line 149)
++* 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array in <1>: Auto-set. (line 264)
+ * 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47)
+ * 'gawk', 'PROCINFO' array in <3>: Two-way I/O. (line 99)
+ * 'gawk', regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps.
(line 28)
- * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity.
+ * 'gawk', regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity.
(line 26)
- * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ * 'gawk', regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators.
(line 6)
- * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161)
- * gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 292)
- * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129)
- * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 125)
- * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34)
- * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6)
- * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87)
- * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6)
- * gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 296)
- * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 151)
- * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6)
- * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34)
- * gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300)
- * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6)
- * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 63)
- * gawkextlib: gawkextlib. (line 6)
- * gawkextlib project: gawkextlib. (line 6)
- * gawklibpath_append shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 29)
- * gawklibpath_default shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 22)
- * gawklibpath_prepend shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 25)
- * gawkpath_append shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 19)
- * gawkpath_default shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 12)
- * gawkpath_prepend shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 15)
- * General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 399)
+ * 'gawk', regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161)
+ * 'gawk', 'RT' variable in: awk split records. (line 124)
+ * 'gawk', 'RT' variable in <1>: Multiple Line. (line 129)
-* 'gawk', 'RT' variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 264)
++* 'gawk', 'RT' variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 291)
+ * 'gawk', See Also 'awk': Preface. (line 34)
+ * 'gawk', source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 86)
+ * 'gawk', string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6)
-* 'gawk', 'SYMTAB' array in: Auto-set. (line 268)
++* 'gawk', 'SYMTAB' array in: Auto-set. (line 295)
+ * 'gawk', 'TEXTDOMAIN' variable in: User-modified. (line 152)
+ * 'gawk', timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', uses for: Preface. (line 34)
-* 'gawk', versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 299)
++* 'gawk', versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 297)
+ * 'gawk', VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6)
+ * 'gawk', word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 66)
+ * 'gawkextlib': gawkextlib. (line 6)
+ * 'gawkextlib' project: gawkextlib. (line 6)
++* 'gawklibpath_append' shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 29)
++* 'gawklibpath_default' shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 22)
++* 'gawklibpath_prepend' shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 25)
++* 'gawkpath_append' shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 19)
++* 'gawkpath_default' shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 12)
++* 'gawkpath_prepend' shell function: Shell Startup Files. (line 15)
+ * General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 396)
* General Public License, See GPL: Manual History. (line 11)
* generate time values: Time Functions. (line 25)
- * gensub <1>: String Functions. (line 90)
- * gensub: Using Constant Regexps.
+ * 'gensub': Using Constant Regexps.
(line 43)
- * gensub() function (gawk), escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6)
- * getaddrinfo() function (C library): TCP/IP Networking. (line 38)
- * getgrent() function (C library): Group Functions. (line 6)
- * getgrent() user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 6)
- * getgrgid() function (C library): Group Functions. (line 183)
- * getgrgid() user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 186)
- * getgrnam() function (C library): Group Functions. (line 172)
- * getgrnam() user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 177)
- * getgruser() function (C library): Group Functions. (line 192)
- * getgruser() function, user-defined: Group Functions. (line 195)
- * getline command: Reading Files. (line 20)
- * getline command, _gr_init() user-defined function: Group Functions.
- (line 83)
- * getline command, _pw_init() function: Passwd Functions. (line 154)
- * getline command, coprocesses, using from <1>: Close Files And Pipes.
+ * 'gensub' <1>: String Functions. (line 89)
+ * 'gensub()' function ('gawk'), escape processing: Gory Details.
(line 6)
- * getline command, coprocesses, using from: Getline/Coprocess.
+ * 'getaddrinfo()' function (C library): TCP/IP Networking. (line 39)
+ * 'getgrent()' function (C library): Group Functions. (line 6)
+ * 'getgrent()' function (C library) <1>: Group Functions. (line 200)
+ * 'getgrent()' user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 6)
+ * 'getgrent()' user-defined function <1>: Group Functions. (line 203)
+ * 'getgrgid()' function (C library): Group Functions. (line 182)
+ * 'getgrgid()' user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 185)
+ * 'getgrnam()' function (C library): Group Functions. (line 171)
+ * 'getgrnam()' user-defined function: Group Functions. (line 176)
+ * 'getgruser()' function (C library): Group Functions. (line 191)
+ * 'getgruser()' function, user-defined: Group Functions. (line 194)
+ * 'getline' command: Reading Files. (line 20)
+ * 'getline' command, coprocesses, using from: Getline/Coprocess.
(line 6)
- * getline command, deadlock and: Two-way I/O. (line 52)
- * getline command, explicit input with: Getline. (line 6)
- * getline command, FILENAME variable and: Getline Notes. (line 19)
- * getline command, return values: Getline. (line 19)
- * getline command, variants: Getline Summary. (line 6)
- * getline from a file: Getline/File. (line 6)
- * getline into a variable: Getline/Variable. (line 6)
- * getline statement, BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns and: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
+ * 'getline' command, coprocesses, using from <1>: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 6)
+ * 'getline' command, deadlock and: Two-way I/O. (line 53)
+ * 'getline' command, explicit input with: Getline. (line 6)
+ * 'getline' command, 'FILENAME' variable and: Getline Notes. (line 19)
+ * 'getline' command, return values: Getline. (line 19)
+ * 'getline' command, variants: Getline Summary. (line 6)
+ * 'getline' command, '_gr_init()' user-defined function: Group Functions.
+ (line 83)
+ * 'getline' command, '_pw_init()' function: Passwd Functions. (line 154)
+ * 'getline' from a file: Getline/File. (line 6)
+ * 'getline' into a variable: Getline/Variable. (line 6)
+ * 'getline' statement, 'BEGINFILE'/'ENDFILE' patterns and: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
(line 53)
- * getlocaltime() user-defined function: Getlocaltime Function.
+ * 'getlocaltime()' user-defined function: Getlocaltime Function.
(line 16)
- * getopt() function (C library): Getopt Function. (line 15)
- * getopt() user-defined function: Getopt Function. (line 108)
- * getpwent() function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 16)
- * getpwent() user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 16)
- * getpwnam() function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 174)
- * getpwnam() user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 179)
- * getpwuid() function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 185)
- * getpwuid() user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 189)
- * gettext library: Explaining gettext. (line 6)
- * gettext library, locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81)
- * gettext() function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 63)
- * gettimeofday() extension function: Extension Sample Time.
+ * 'getopt()' function (C library): Getopt Function. (line 15)
+ * 'getopt()' user-defined function: Getopt Function. (line 108)
+ * 'getopt()' user-defined function <1>: Getopt Function. (line 134)
+ * 'getpwent()' function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 16)
+ * 'getpwent()' function (C library) <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 195)
+ * 'getpwent()' user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 16)
+ * 'getpwent()' user-defined function <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 199)
+ * 'getpwnam()' function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 174)
+ * 'getpwnam()' user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 179)
+ * 'getpwuid()' function (C library): Passwd Functions. (line 185)
+ * 'getpwuid()' user-defined function: Passwd Functions. (line 189)
+ * 'gettext' library: Explaining gettext. (line 6)
+ * 'gettext' library, locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81)
+ * 'gettext()' function (C library): Explaining gettext. (line 63)
+ * 'gettimeofday()' extension function: Extension Sample Time.
(line 12)
- * git utility <1>: Adding Code. (line 111)
- * git utility <2>: Accessing The Source.
-* 'git' utility: gawkextlib. (line 29)
++* 'git' utility: gawkextlib. (line 31)
+ * 'git' utility <1>: Other Versions. (line 29)
+ * 'git' utility <2>: Accessing The Source.
(line 10)
- * git utility <3>: Other Versions. (line 29)
- * git utility: gawkextlib. (line 31)
- * Git, use of for gawk source code: Derived Files. (line 6)
+ * 'git' utility <3>: Adding Code. (line 110)
+ * Git, use of for 'gawk' source code: Derived Files. (line 6)
* GNITS mailing list: Acknowledgments. (line 52)
- * GNU awk, See gawk: Preface. (line 51)
+ * GNU 'awk', See 'gawk': Preface. (line 51)
* GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
- (line 7)
- * GNU General Public License: Glossary. (line 399)
- * GNU Lesser General Public License: Glossary. (line 496)
- * GNU long options <1>: Options. (line 6)
+ (line 8)
+ * GNU General Public License: Glossary. (line 396)
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License: Glossary. (line 491)
* GNU long options: Command Line. (line 13)
+ * GNU long options <1>: Options. (line 6)
* GNU long options, printing list of: Options. (line 154)
- * GNU Project <1>: Glossary. (line 408)
* GNU Project: Manual History. (line 11)
- * GNU/Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 753)
- * GNU/Linux <2>: I18N Example. (line 55)
+ * GNU Project <1>: Glossary. (line 405)
* GNU/Linux: Manual History. (line 28)
- * Gordon, Assaf: Contributors. (line 105)
- * GPL (General Public License) <1>: Glossary. (line 399)
+ * GNU/Linux <1>: I18N Example. (line 57)
+ * GNU/Linux <2>: Glossary. (line 748)
+ * Gordon, Assaf: Contributors. (line 106)
* GPL (General Public License): Manual History. (line 11)
- * GPL (General Public License), printing: Options. (line 88)
- * grcat program: Group Functions. (line 16)
- * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57)
+ * GPL (General Public License) <1>: Glossary. (line 396)
+ * GPL (General Public License), printing: Options. (line 89)
+ * 'grcat' program: Group Functions. (line 16)
+ * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 58)
* group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6)
* group file: Group Functions. (line 6)
- * group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 203)
-* group ID of 'gawk' user: Auto-set. (line 179)
++* group ID of 'gawk' user: Auto-set. (line 202)
* groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6)
- * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 140)
- * gsub: Using Constant Regexps.
+ * 'gsub': Using Constant Regexps.
(line 43)
- * gsub() function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 463)
- * gsub() function, escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6)
- * h debugger command (alias for help): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * 'gsub' <1>: String Functions. (line 139)
+ * 'gsub()' function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 463)
+ * 'gsub()' function, escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6)
+ * 'h' debugger command (alias for 'help'): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 66)
- * Hankerson, Darrel <1>: Contributors. (line 60)
* Hankerson, Darrel: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * Haque, John: Contributors. (line 108)
+ * Hankerson, Darrel <1>: Contributors. (line 61)
+ * Haque, John: Contributors. (line 109)
* Hartholz, Elaine: Acknowledgments. (line 38)
* Hartholz, Marshall: Acknowledgments. (line 38)
- * Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 94)
- * help debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 95)
+ * 'help' debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 66)
* hexadecimal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 6)
- * hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 211)
+ * hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 209)
* history expansion, in debugger: Readline Support. (line 6)
- * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25)
+ * 'histsort.awk' program: History Sorting. (line 25)
* Hughes, Phil: Acknowledgments. (line 43)
- * HUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210)
- * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 52)
- * hyphen (-), -- operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46)
- * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48)
- * hyphen (-), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * hyphen (-), -= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * hyphen (-), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 59)
- * hyphen (-), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
- * i debugger command (alias for info): Debugger Info. (line 13)
- * id utility: Id Program. (line 6)
- * id.awk program: Id Program. (line 31)
- * if statement: If Statement. (line 6)
- * if statement, actions, changing: Ranges. (line 25)
- * if statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
- * igawk.sh program: Igawk Program. (line 124)
-* 'HUP' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210)
++* 'HUP' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 209)
+ * hyphen ('-'), '-' operator: Precedence. (line 51)
+ * hyphen ('-'), '-' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 57)
+ * hyphen ('-'), '--' operator: Increment Ops. (line 48)
+ * hyphen ('-'), '--' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 45)
+ * hyphen ('-'), '-=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * hyphen ('-'), '-=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * hyphen ('-'), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 60)
+ * hyphen ('-'), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17)
+ * 'i' debugger command (alias for 'info'): Debugger Info. (line 13)
+ * 'id' utility: Id Program. (line 6)
+ * 'id.awk' program: Id Program. (line 31)
+ * 'if' statement: If Statement. (line 6)
+ * 'if' statement, actions, changing: Ranges. (line 25)
+ * 'if' statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
+ * 'igawk.sh' program: Igawk Program. (line 124)
* ignore breakpoint: Breakpoint Control. (line 87)
- * ignore debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 87)
- * IGNORECASE variable: User-modified. (line 76)
- * IGNORECASE variable, and array indices: Array Intro. (line 100)
- * IGNORECASE variable, and array sorting functions: Array Sorting Functions.
+ * 'ignore' debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 87)
+ * 'IGNORECASE' variable: User-modified. (line 76)
+ * 'IGNORECASE' variable, and array indices: Array Intro. (line 100)
+ * 'IGNORECASE' variable, and array sorting functions: Array Sorting Functions.
(line 83)
- * IGNORECASE variable, in example programs: Library Functions.
+ * 'IGNORECASE' variable, in example programs: Library Functions.
(line 53)
- * IGNORECASE variable, with ~ and !~ operators: Case-sensitivity.
+ * 'IGNORECASE' variable, with '~' and '!~' operators: Case-sensitivity.
(line 26)
* Illumos: Other Versions. (line 109)
- * Illumos, POSIX-compliant awk: Other Versions. (line 109)
- * implementation issues, gawk: Notes. (line 6)
- * implementation issues, gawk, debugging: Compatibility Mode. (line 6)
- * implementation issues, gawk, limits <1>: Redirection. (line 129)
- * implementation issues, gawk, limits: Getline Notes. (line 14)
- * in operator <1>: For Statement. (line 76)
- * in operator <2>: Precedence. (line 83)
- * in operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * Illumos, POSIX-compliant 'awk': Other Versions. (line 109)
+ * implementation issues, 'gawk': Notes. (line 6)
+ * implementation issues, 'gawk', debugging: Compatibility Mode.
+ (line 6)
+ * implementation issues, 'gawk', limits: Getline Notes. (line 14)
+ * implementation issues, 'gawk', limits <1>: Redirection. (line 129)
+ * 'in' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * in operator, index existence in multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional.
- (line 43)
- * in operator, order of array access: Scanning an Array. (line 48)
- * in operator, testing if array element exists: Reference to Elements.
+ * 'in' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 82)
+ * 'in' operator <2>: For Statement. (line 76)
+ * 'in' operator, index existence in multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional.
+ (line 41)
+ * 'in' operator, order of array access: Scanning an Array. (line 48)
+ * 'in' operator, testing if array element exists: Reference to Elements.
(line 38)
- * in operator, use in loops: Scanning an Array. (line 17)
- * including files, @include directive: Include Files. (line 8)
+ * 'in' operator, use in loops: Scanning an Array. (line 17)
+ * including files, '@include' directive: Include Files. (line 8)
* increment operators: Increment Ops. (line 6)
- * index: String Functions. (line 156)
- * indexing arrays: Array Intro. (line 50)
+ * 'index': String Functions. (line 155)
+ * indexing arrays: Array Intro. (line 48)
* indirect function calls: Indirect Calls. (line 6)
- * indirect function calls, @-notation: Indirect Calls. (line 47)
+ * indirect function calls, '@'-notation: Indirect Calls. (line 47)
* infinite precision: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic.
(line 6)
- * info debugger command: Debugger Info. (line 13)
- * initialization, automatic: More Complex. (line 38)
- * inplace extension: Extension Sample Inplace.
+ * 'info' debugger command: Debugger Info. (line 13)
+ * initialization, automatic: More Complex. (line 39)
+ * 'inplace' extension: Extension Sample Inplace.
(line 6)
* input files: Reading Files. (line 6)
* input files, closing: Close Files And Pipes.
@@@ -33598,19 -33196,18 +33569,20 @@@
* input, files, See input files: Multiple Line. (line 6)
* input, multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 6)
* input, splitting into records: Records. (line 6)
- * input, standard <1>: Special FD. (line 6)
* input, standard: Read Terminal. (line 6)
+ * input, standard <1>: Special FD. (line 6)
* input/output functions: I/O Functions. (line 6)
* input/output, binary: User-modified. (line 15)
- * input/output, from BEGIN and END: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 6)
- * input/output, two-way: Two-way I/O. (line 25)
+ * input/output, from 'BEGIN' and 'END': I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 6)
+ * input/output, two-way: Two-way I/O. (line 27)
* insomnia, cure for: Alarm Program. (line 6)
* installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6)
- * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6)
+ * installing 'gawk': Installation. (line 6)
* instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 90)
- * int: Numeric Functions. (line 23)
- * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
- * intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 28)
+ * 'int': Numeric Functions. (line 22)
-* 'INT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
++* 'INT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212)
++* 'intdiv': Numeric Functions. (line 27)
++* intdiv: Numeric Functions. (line 27)
* integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts.
(line 31)
* integers, arbitrary precision: Arbitrary Precision Integers.
@@@ -33633,63 -33230,63 +33605,63 @@@
* internationalization, localization, portability and: I18N Portability.
(line 6)
* internationalizing a program: Explaining gettext. (line 6)
- * interpreted programs <1>: Glossary. (line 450)
- * interpreted programs: Basic High Level. (line 15)
+ * interpreted programs: Basic High Level. (line 13)
+ * interpreted programs <1>: Glossary. (line 445)
* interval expressions, regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 116)
- * inventory-shipped file: Sample Data Files. (line 32)
+ * 'inventory-shipped' file: Sample Data Files. (line 32)
* invoke shell command: I/O Functions. (line 107)
- * isarray: Type Functions. (line 11)
- * ISO: Glossary. (line 461)
- * ISO 8859-1: Glossary. (line 197)
- * ISO Latin-1: Glossary. (line 197)
+ * 'isarray': Type Functions. (line 11)
+ * ISO: Glossary. (line 456)
+ * ISO 8859-1: Glossary. (line 196)
+ * ISO Latin-1: Glossary. (line 196)
* Jacobs, Andrew: Passwd Functions. (line 90)
- * Jaegermann, Michal <1>: Contributors. (line 45)
* Jaegermann, Michal: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * Java implementation of awk: Other Versions. (line 117)
- * Java programming language: Glossary. (line 473)
- * jawk: Other Versions. (line 117)
+ * Jaegermann, Michal <1>: Contributors. (line 46)
+ * Java implementation of 'awk': Other Versions. (line 117)
+ * Java programming language: Glossary. (line 468)
+ * 'jawk': Other Versions. (line 117)
* Jedi knights: Undocumented. (line 6)
* Johansen, Chris: Signature Program. (line 25)
- * join() user-defined function: Join Function. (line 18)
- * Kahrs, Ju"rgen <1>: Contributors. (line 70)
+ * 'join()' user-defined function: Join Function. (line 18)
* Kahrs, Ju"rgen: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
+ * Kahrs, Ju"rgen <1>: Contributors. (line 71)
* Kasal, Stepan: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
* Kenobi, Obi-Wan: Undocumented. (line 6)
- * Kernighan, Brian <1>: Glossary. (line 207)
- * Kernighan, Brian <2>: Basic Data Typing. (line 54)
- * Kernighan, Brian <3>: Other Versions. (line 13)
- * Kernighan, Brian <4>: Contributors. (line 11)
- * Kernighan, Brian <5>: BTL. (line 6)
- * Kernighan, Brian <6>: Library Functions. (line 12)
- * Kernighan, Brian <7>: Concatenation. (line 6)
- * Kernighan, Brian <8>: Getline/Pipe. (line 6)
- * Kernighan, Brian <9>: Acknowledgments. (line 78)
- * Kernighan, Brian <10>: Conventions. (line 38)
* Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17)
- * kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <1>: Conventions. (line 38)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <2>: Acknowledgments. (line 78)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <3>: Getline/Pipe. (line 6)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <4>: Concatenation. (line 6)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <5>: Library Functions. (line 12)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <6>: BTL. (line 6)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <7>: Contributors. (line 12)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <8>: Other Versions. (line 13)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <9>: Basic Data Typing. (line 54)
+ * Kernighan, Brian <10>: Glossary. (line 206)
-* 'kill' command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
++* 'kill' command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186)
* Knights, jedi: Undocumented. (line 6)
- * Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 34)
- * l debugger command (alias for list): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * Kwok, Conrad: Contributors. (line 35)
+ * 'l' debugger command (alias for 'list'): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 72)
- * labels.awk program: Labels Program. (line 51)
+ * 'labels.awk' program: Labels Program. (line 51)
* Langston, Peter: Advanced Features. (line 6)
- * languages, data-driven: Basic High Level. (line 85)
- * LC_ALL locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 117)
- * LC_COLLATE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 94)
- * LC_CTYPE locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 98)
- * LC_MESSAGES locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 88)
- * LC_MESSAGES locale category, bindtextdomain() function (gawk): Programmer
i18n.
+ * languages, data-driven: Basic High Level. (line 74)
+ * 'LC_ALL' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 117)
+ * 'LC_COLLATE' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 94)
+ * 'LC_CTYPE' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 98)
+ * 'LC_MESSAGES' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 88)
+ * 'LC_MESSAGES' locale category, 'bindtextdomain()' function ('gawk'):
Programmer i18n.
(line 101)
- * LC_MONETARY locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 104)
- * LC_NUMERIC locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 108)
- * LC_TIME locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 112)
- * left angle bracket (<), < operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * left angle bracket (<), < operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * 'LC_MONETARY' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 104)
+ * 'LC_NUMERIC' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 108)
+ * 'LC_TIME' locale category: Explaining gettext. (line 112)
+ * left angle bracket ('<'), '<' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * left angle bracket (<), < operator (I/O): Getline/File. (line 6)
- * left angle bracket (<), <= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * left angle bracket (<), <= operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * left angle bracket ('<'), '<' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * left angle bracket ('<'), '<' operator (I/O): Getline/File. (line 6)
+ * left angle bracket ('<'), '<=' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
+ * left angle bracket ('<'), '<=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
* left shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 47)
* left shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32)
* leftmost longest match: Multiple Line. (line 26)
@@@ -33736,32 -33333,32 +33708,32 @@@
* lint checking, array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts.
(line 43)
* lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16)
- * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 185)
- * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options.
- (line 339)
+ * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 184)
+ * lint checking, 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' environment variable: Options.
- (line 338)
++ (line 336)
* lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference.
(line 85)
- * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 87)
- * Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 753)
- * Linux <2>: I18N Example. (line 55)
+ * 'LINT' variable: User-modified. (line 87)
* Linux: Manual History. (line 28)
+ * Linux <1>: I18N Example. (line 57)
+ * Linux <2>: Glossary. (line 748)
* list all global variables, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 48)
- * list debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * 'list' debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 72)
* list function definitions, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 30)
- * loading extensions, @load directive: Loading Shared Libraries.
+ * loading extensions, '@load' directive: Loading Shared Libraries.
(line 8)
- * loading, extensions: Options. (line 173)
+ * loading, extensions: Options. (line 172)
* local variables, in a function: Variable Scope. (line 6)
* locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81)
- * locale decimal point character: Options. (line 270)
-* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 269)
++* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 267)
* locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6)
* localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6)
* localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N.
(line 6)
- * log: Numeric Functions. (line 43)
-* 'log': Numeric Functions. (line 27)
++* 'log': Numeric Functions. (line 42)
* log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6)
- * logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 43)
-* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 27)
++* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 42)
* logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6)
* logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6)
* login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16)
@@@ -33798,26 -33395,26 +33770,26 @@@
(line 9)
* matching, leftmost longest: Multiple Line. (line 26)
* matching, null strings: String Functions. (line 537)
- * mawk utility <1>: Other Versions. (line 48)
- * mawk utility <2>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47)
- * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36)
- * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62)
- * mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120)
- * maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 244)
- * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 258)
- * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100)
-* 'mawk' utility: Escape Sequences. (line 117)
++* 'mawk' utility: Escape Sequences. (line 120)
+ * 'mawk' utility <1>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62)
+ * 'mawk' utility <2>: Concatenation. (line 36)
+ * 'mawk' utility <3>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47)
+ * 'mawk' utility <4>: Other Versions. (line 48)
-* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 220)
++* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 243)
+ * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 257)
+ * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 101)
* message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42)
* message object files, converting from portable object files: I18N Example.
- (line 64)
- * message object files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n.
- (line 48)
+ (line 66)
* message object files, specifying directory of: Explaining gettext.
(line 54)
+ * message object files, specifying directory of <1>: Programmer i18n.
+ (line 48)
* messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6)
* metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6)
-* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 136)
-* minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 223)
+* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 139)
- * minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 247)
- * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25)
++* minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 246)
+ * 'mktime': Time Functions. (line 25)
* modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6)
* monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104)
* Moore, Duncan: Getline Notes. (line 40)
@@@ -33825,64 -33422,66 +33797,66 @@@
* multiple precision: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic.
(line 6)
* multiple-line records: Multiple Line. (line 6)
- * n debugger command (alias for next): Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'n' debugger command (alias for 'next'): Debugger Execution Control.
(line 43)
* names, arrays/variables: Library Names. (line 6)
+ * names, functions: Definition Syntax. (line 24)
* names, functions <1>: Library Names. (line 6)
- * names, functions: Definition Syntax. (line 23)
* namespace issues: Library Names. (line 6)
- * namespace issues, functions: Definition Syntax. (line 23)
- * NetBSD: Glossary. (line 753)
+ * namespace issues, functions: Definition Syntax. (line 24)
+ * NetBSD: Glossary. (line 748)
* networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
* networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6)
- * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 69)
- * newlines <2>: Options. (line 260)
* newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6)
-* newlines <1>: Options. (line 260)
++* newlines <1>: Options. (line 258)
+ * newlines <2>: Boolean Ops. (line 69)
* newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting.
(line 6)
* newlines, as record separators: awk split records. (line 12)
* newlines, in dynamic regexps: Computed Regexps. (line 60)
* newlines, in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 70)
- * newlines, printing: Print Examples. (line 12)
- * newlines, separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10)
+ * newlines, printing: Print Examples. (line 11)
* newlines, separating statements in actions: Action Overview.
(line 19)
- * next debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ * newlines, separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10)
+ * 'next' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
(line 43)
- * next file statement: Feature History. (line 169)
- * next statement <1>: Next Statement. (line 6)
- * next statement: Boolean Ops. (line 95)
- * next statement, BEGIN/END patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 37)
- * next statement, BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns and: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
+ * 'next file' statement: Feature History. (line 168)
+ * 'next' statement: Boolean Ops. (line 95)
+ * 'next' statement <1>: Next Statement. (line 6)
+ * 'next' statement, 'BEGIN'/'END' patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
+ (line 36)
+ * 'next' statement, 'BEGINFILE'/'ENDFILE' patterns and: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
(line 49)
- * next statement, user-defined functions and: Next Statement. (line 44)
- * nextfile statement: Nextfile Statement. (line 6)
- * nextfile statement, BEGIN/END patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
- (line 37)
- * nextfile statement, BEGINFILE/ENDFILE patterns and: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
+ * 'next' statement, user-defined functions and: Next Statement.
+ (line 44)
+ * 'nextfile' statement: Nextfile Statement. (line 6)
+ * 'nextfile' statement, 'BEGIN'/'END' patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
+ (line 36)
+ * 'nextfile' statement, 'BEGINFILE'/'ENDFILE' patterns and: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.
(line 26)
- * nextfile statement, user-defined functions and: Nextfile Statement.
+ * 'nextfile' statement, user-defined functions and: Nextfile Statement.
(line 47)
- * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'nexti' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
(line 49)
- * NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 124)
- * NF variable: Fields. (line 33)
- * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107)
- * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'NF' variable: Fields. (line 33)
-* 'NF' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 105)
++* 'NF' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 124)
+ * 'NF' variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107)
+ * 'ni' debugger command (alias for 'nexti'): Debugger Execution Control.
(line 49)
- * noassign.awk program: Ignoring Assigns. (line 15)
+ * 'noassign.awk' program: Ignoring Assigns. (line 15)
* non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements.
(line 23)
* not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6)
- * NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 144)
- * NR variable: Records. (line 6)
- * NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 341)
- * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26)
- * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6)
- * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting.
+ * 'NR' variable: Records. (line 6)
-* 'NR' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 125)
-* 'NR' variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 313)
++* 'NR' variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 144)
++* 'NR' variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 340)
+ * null strings: awk split records. (line 114)
+ * null strings <1>: Regexp Field Splitting.
(line 43)
- * null strings: awk split records. (line 115)
- * null strings in gawk arguments, quoting and: Quoting. (line 82)
+ * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6)
+ * null strings <3>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26)
+ * null strings in 'gawk' arguments, quoting and: Quoting. (line 82)
* null strings, and deleting array elements: Delete. (line 27)
* null strings, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts.
(line 43)
@@@ -33985,16 -33591,16 +33966,16 @@@
* output, formatted: Printf. (line 6)
* output, pipes: Redirection. (line 57)
* output, printing, See printing: Printing. (line 6)
- * output, records: Output Separators. (line 21)
+ * output, records: Output Separators. (line 20)
* output, standard: Special FD. (line 6)
- * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 36)
- * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128)
- * parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 212)
- * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146)
- * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81)
+ * 'p' debugger command (alias for 'print'): Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 35)
+ * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 129)
-* parent process ID of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 188)
++* parent process ID of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 211)
+ * parentheses '()', in a profile: Profiling. (line 146)
+ * parentheses '()', regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81)
* password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16)
- * patsplit: String Functions. (line 297)
+ * 'patsplit': String Functions. (line 296)
* patterns: Patterns and Actions.
(line 6)
* patterns, comparison expressions as: Expression Patterns. (line 14)
@@@ -34005,150 -33611,163 +33986,163 @@@
* patterns, ranges in: Ranges. (line 6)
* patterns, regexp constants as: Expression Patterns. (line 34)
* patterns, types of: Pattern Overview. (line 15)
- * pawk (profiling version of Brian Kernighan's awk): Other Versions.
+ * 'pawk' (profiling version of Brian Kernighan's 'awk'): Other Versions.
(line 82)
- * pawk, awk-like facilities for Python: Other Versions. (line 129)
- * PC operating systems, gawk on: PC Using. (line 6)
- * PC operating systems, gawk on, installing: PC Installation. (line 6)
- * percent sign (%), % operator: Precedence. (line 55)
- * percent sign (%), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * percent sign (%), %= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 130)
- * period (.), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44)
+ * 'pawk', 'awk'-like facilities for Python: Other Versions. (line 129)
+ * PC operating systems, 'gawk' on: PC Using. (line 6)
+ * PC operating systems, 'gawk' on, installing: PC Installation.
+ (line 6)
+ * percent sign ('%'), '%' operator: Precedence. (line 54)
+ * percent sign ('%'), '%=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129)
+ * percent sign ('%'), '%=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * period ('.'), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44)
* Perl: Future Extensions. (line 6)
- * Peters, Arno: Contributors. (line 85)
- * Peterson, Hal: Contributors. (line 39)
+ * Peters, Arno: Contributors. (line 86)
+ * Peterson, Hal: Contributors. (line 40)
* pipe, closing: Close Files And Pipes.
(line 6)
- * pipe, input: Getline/Pipe. (line 9)
+ * pipe, input: Getline/Pipe. (line 10)
* pipe, output: Redirection. (line 57)
- * Pitts, Dave <1>: Bugs. (line 71)
* Pitts, Dave: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
+ * Pitts, Dave <1>: Bugs. (line 73)
* Plauger, P.J.: Library Functions. (line 12)
* plug-in: Extension Intro. (line 6)
- * plus sign (+), + operator: Precedence. (line 52)
- * plus sign (+), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46)
- * plus sign (+), ++ operator: Increment Ops. (line 11)
- * plus sign (+), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95)
- * plus sign (+), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82)
- * plus sign (+), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '+' operator: Precedence. (line 51)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '+' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 57)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '++' operator: Increment Ops. (line 11)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '++' operator <1>: Increment Ops. (line 40)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '++' operator <2>: Precedence. (line 45)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '+=' operator: Assignment Ops. (line 81)
+ * plus sign ('+'), '+=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 94)
+ * plus sign ('+'), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105)
* pointers to functions: Indirect Calls. (line 6)
-* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 100)
+* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 103)
- * portability, #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 33)
- * portability, ** operator and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81)
- * portability, **= operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 143)
- * portability, ARGV variable: Executable Scripts. (line 59)
+ * portability, '#!' (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 33)
+ * portability, '**' operator and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81)
+ * portability, '**=' operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 144)
+ * portability, 'ARGV' variable: Executable Scripts. (line 59)
* portability, backslash continuation and: Statements/Lines. (line 30)
* portability, backslash in escape sequences: Escape Sequences.
- (line 105)
+ (line 108)
- * portability, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes.
+ * portability, 'close()' function and: Close Files And Pipes.
(line 81)
* portability, data files as single record: gawk split records.
(line 65)
* portability, deleting array elements: Delete. (line 56)
* portability, example programs: Library Functions. (line 42)
* portability, functions, defining: Definition Syntax. (line 114)
- * portability, gawk: New Ports. (line 6)
- * portability, gettext library and: Explaining gettext. (line 11)
+ * portability, 'gawk': New Ports. (line 6)
+ * portability, 'gettext' library and: Explaining gettext. (line 11)
* portability, internationalization and: I18N Portability. (line 6)
- * portability, length() function: String Functions. (line 180)
- * portability, new awk vs. old awk: Strings And Numbers. (line 57)
- * portability, next statement in user-defined functions: Pass By
Value/Reference.
+ * portability, 'length()' function: String Functions. (line 179)
+ * portability, new 'awk' vs. old 'awk': Strings And Numbers. (line 56)
+ * portability, 'next' statement in user-defined functions: Pass By
Value/Reference.
(line 88)
- * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115)
+ * portability, 'NF' variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115)
* portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 60)
- * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98)
- * portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 359)
- * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 513)
- * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6)
+ * portability, operators, not in POSIX 'awk': Precedence. (line 97)
+ * portability, 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' environment variable: Options.
- (line 358)
++ (line 356)
+ * portability, 'substr()' function: String Functions. (line 513)
* portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 37)
+ * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6)
* portable object files, converting to message object files: I18N Example.
- (line 64)
+ (line 66)
* portable object files, generating: Options. (line 147)
* portable object template files: Explaining gettext. (line 31)
- * porting gawk: New Ports. (line 6)
- * positional specifiers, printf statement <1>: Printf Ordering.
+ * porting 'gawk': New Ports. (line 6)
+ * positional specifiers, 'printf' statement: Format Modifiers.
+ (line 13)
+ * positional specifiers, 'printf' statement <1>: Printf Ordering.
(line 6)
- * positional specifiers, printf statement: Format Modifiers. (line 13)
- * positional specifiers, printf statement, mixing with regular formats:
Printf Ordering.
+ * positional specifiers, 'printf' statement, mixing with regular formats:
Printf Ordering.
(line 57)
- * POSIX awk <1>: Assignment Ops. (line 137)
- * POSIX awk: This Manual. (line 14)
- * POSIX awk, ** operator and: Precedence. (line 98)
- * POSIX awk, **= operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 143)
- * POSIX awk, < operator and: Getline/File. (line 26)
- * POSIX awk, arithmetic operators and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 30)
- * POSIX awk, backslashes in string constants: Escape Sequences.
+ * POSIX 'awk': This Manual. (line 14)
+ * POSIX 'awk' <1>: Assignment Ops. (line 138)
+ * POSIX 'awk', '**' operator and: Precedence. (line 97)
+ * POSIX 'awk', '**=' operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 144)
+ * POSIX 'awk', '<' operator and: Getline/File. (line 26)
+ * POSIX 'awk', arithmetic operators and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 30)
+ * POSIX 'awk', backslashes in string constants: Escape Sequences.
- (line 105)
+ (line 108)
- * POSIX awk, BEGIN/END patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16)
- * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and: Bracket Expressions. (line 26)
- * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and, character classes: Bracket Expressions.
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'BEGIN'/'END' patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 15)
+ * POSIX 'awk', bracket expressions and: Bracket Expressions. (line 26)
+ * POSIX 'awk', bracket expressions and, character classes: Bracket
Expressions.
(line 32)
- * POSIX awk, break statement and: Break Statement. (line 51)
- * POSIX awk, changes in awk versions: POSIX. (line 6)
- * POSIX awk, continue statement and: Continue Statement. (line 44)
- * POSIX awk, CONVFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 30)
- * POSIX awk, date utility and: Time Functions. (line 254)
- * POSIX awk, field separators and <1>: Full Line Fields. (line 16)
- * POSIX awk, field separators and: Fields. (line 6)
- * POSIX awk, FS variable and: User-modified. (line 60)
- * POSIX awk, function keyword in: Definition Syntax. (line 98)
- * POSIX awk, functions and, gsub()/sub(): Gory Details. (line 90)
- * POSIX awk, functions and, length(): String Functions. (line 180)
- * POSIX awk, GNU long options and: Options. (line 15)
- * POSIX awk, interval expressions in: Regexp Operators. (line 135)
- * POSIX awk, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement. (line 44)
- * POSIX awk, numeric strings and: Variable Typing. (line 6)
- * POSIX awk, OFMT variable and <1>: Strings And Numbers. (line 57)
- * POSIX awk, OFMT variable and: OFMT. (line 27)
- * POSIX awk, period (.), using: Regexp Operators. (line 51)
- * POSIX awk, printf format strings and: Format Modifiers. (line 158)
- * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 161)
- * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6)
- * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 55)
- * POSIX mode: Options. (line 254)
- * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 21)
- * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6)
- * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6)
- * POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 339)
- * PREC variable: User-modified. (line 123)
- * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6)
+ * POSIX 'awk', bracket expressions and, character classes <1>: Bracket
Expressions.
+ (line 100)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'break' statement and: Break Statement. (line 51)
+ * POSIX 'awk', changes in 'awk' versions: POSIX. (line 6)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'continue' statement and: Continue Statement. (line 44)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'CONVFMT' variable and: User-modified. (line 30)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'date' utility and: Time Functions. (line 252)
+ * POSIX 'awk', field separators and: Fields. (line 6)
+ * POSIX 'awk', field separators and <1>: Full Line Fields. (line 16)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'FS' variable and: User-modified. (line 60)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'function' keyword in: Definition Syntax. (line 99)
+ * POSIX 'awk', functions and, 'gsub()'/'sub()': Gory Details. (line 90)
+ * POSIX 'awk', functions and, 'length()': String Functions. (line 179)
+ * POSIX 'awk', GNU long options and: Options. (line 15)
+ * POSIX 'awk', interval expressions in: Regexp Operators. (line 135)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'next'/'nextfile' statements and: Next Statement.
+ (line 44)
+ * POSIX 'awk', numeric strings and: Variable Typing. (line 6)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'OFMT' variable and: OFMT. (line 27)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'OFMT' variable and <1>: Strings And Numbers. (line 56)
+ * POSIX 'awk', period ('.'), using: Regexp Operators. (line 51)
+ * POSIX 'awk', 'printf' format strings and: Format Modifiers. (line 157)
+ * POSIX 'awk', regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 161)
+ * POSIX 'awk', timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6)
+ * POSIX 'awk', '|' I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 56)
-* POSIX mode: Options. (line 254)
-* POSIX mode <1>: Options. (line 338)
++* POSIX mode: Options. (line 252)
++* POSIX mode <1>: Options. (line 336)
+ * POSIX, 'awk' and: Preface. (line 21)
+ * POSIX, 'gawk' extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6)
+ * POSIX, programs, implementing in 'awk': Clones. (line 6)
-* 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' environment variable: Options. (line 338)
++* 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' environment variable: Options. (line 336)
+ * 'PREC' variable: User-modified. (line 124)
* precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60)
+ * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6)
* precedence, regexp operators: Regexp Operators. (line 156)
* predefined variables: Built-in Variables. (line 6)
- * predefined variables, -v option, setting with: Options. (line 40)
+ * predefined variables, '-v' option, setting with: Options. (line 41)
* predefined variables, conveying information: Auto-set. (line 6)
* predefined variables, user-modifiable: User-modified. (line 6)
- * print debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 36)
- * print statement: Printing. (line 16)
- * print statement, BEGIN/END patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16)
- * print statement, commas, omitting: Print Examples. (line 31)
- * print statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 71)
- * print statement, line continuations and: Print Examples. (line 76)
- * print statement, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 113)
- * print statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection.
+ * 'print' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 35)
+ * 'print' statement: Printing. (line 16)
+ * 'print' statement, 'BEGIN'/'END' patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END.
+ (line 15)
+ * 'print' statement, commas, omitting: Print Examples. (line 30)
+ * 'print' statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 70)
+ * 'print' statement, line continuations and: Print Examples. (line 75)
+ * 'print' statement, 'OFMT' variable and: User-modified. (line 113)
+ * 'print' statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection.
(line 17)
- * print statement, sprintf() function and: Round Function. (line 6)
+ * 'print' statement, 'sprintf()' function and: Round Function.
+ (line 6)
* print variables, in debugger: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 36)
- * printf debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 54)
- * printf statement <1>: Printf. (line 6)
- * printf statement: Printing. (line 16)
- * printf statement, columns, aligning: Print Examples. (line 70)
- * printf statement, format-control characters: Control Letters.
+ (line 35)
+ * 'printf' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 53)
+ * 'printf' statement: Printing. (line 16)
+ * 'printf' statement <1>: Printf. (line 6)
+ * 'printf' statement, columns, aligning: Print Examples. (line 69)
+ * 'printf' statement, format-control characters: Control Letters.
(line 6)
- * printf statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 71)
- * printf statement, modifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6)
- * printf statement, positional specifiers <1>: Printf Ordering.
+ * 'printf' statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 70)
+ * 'printf' statement, modifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6)
+ * 'printf' statement, positional specifiers: Format Modifiers.
+ (line 13)
+ * 'printf' statement, positional specifiers <1>: Printf Ordering.
(line 6)
- * printf statement, positional specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 13)
- * printf statement, positional specifiers, mixing with regular formats:
Printf Ordering.
+ * 'printf' statement, positional specifiers, mixing with regular formats:
Printf Ordering.
(line 57)
- * printf statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection.
+ * 'printf' statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection.
(line 17)
- * printf statement, sprintf() function and: Round Function. (line 6)
- * printf statement, syntax of: Basic Printf. (line 6)
+ * 'printf' statement, 'sprintf()' function and: Round Function.
+ (line 6)
+ * 'printf' statement, syntax of: Basic Printf. (line 6)
* printing: Printing. (line 6)
* printing messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6)
* printing, list of options: Options. (line 154)
@@@ -34156,31 -33775,32 +34150,32 @@@
* printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6)
* printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6)
* private variables: Library Names. (line 11)
- * process group ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 206)
- * process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 209)
-* process group ID of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 182)
-* process ID of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 185)
++* process group ID of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 205)
++* process ID of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 208)
* processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6)
* processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6)
- * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6)
- * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47)
- * PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 149)
- * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99)
- * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6)
- * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15)
- * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions.
-* 'PROCINFO' array: Auto-set. (line 130)
++* 'PROCINFO' array: Auto-set. (line 149)
+ * 'PROCINFO' array <1>: Time Functions. (line 47)
+ * 'PROCINFO' array <2>: Passwd Functions. (line 6)
+ * 'PROCINFO' array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99)
+ * 'PROCINFO' array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6)
+ * 'PROCINFO' array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program.
+ (line 15)
+ * 'PROCINFO' array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions.
(line 154)
- * PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 265)
- * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning.
-* 'PROCINFO' array, uses: Auto-set. (line 241)
++* 'PROCINFO' array, uses: Auto-set. (line 264)
+ * 'PROCINFO', values of 'sorted_in': Controlling Scanning.
(line 26)
- * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6)
- * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 178)
+ * profiling 'awk' programs: Profiling. (line 6)
-* profiling 'awk' programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 178)
-* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 148)
++* profiling 'awk' programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 177)
+* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 171)
* program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21)
- * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data.
+ * programming conventions, '--non-decimal-data' option: Nondecimal Data.
(line 35)
- * programming conventions, ARGC/ARGV variables: Auto-set. (line 35)
- * programming conventions, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 38)
+ * programming conventions, 'ARGC'/'ARGV' variables: Auto-set. (line 35)
+ * programming conventions, 'exit' statement: Exit Statement. (line 38)
* programming conventions, function parameters: Return Statement.
- (line 45)
+ (line 44)
* programming conventions, functions, calling: Calling Built-in.
(line 10)
* programming conventions, functions, writing: Definition Syntax.
@@@ -34193,61 -33813,62 +34188,62 @@@
* programming languages, Ada: Glossary. (line 11)
* programming languages, data-driven vs. procedural: Getting Started.
(line 12)
- * programming languages, Java: Glossary. (line 473)
- * programming, basic steps: Basic High Level. (line 20)
+ * programming languages, Java: Glossary. (line 468)
+ * programming, basic steps: Basic High Level. (line 18)
* programming, concepts: Basic Concepts. (line 6)
- * pwcat program: Passwd Functions. (line 23)
- * q debugger command (alias for quit): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * programming, concepts <1>: Basic Concepts. (line 6)
+ * 'pwcat' program: Passwd Functions. (line 23)
+ * 'q' debugger command (alias for 'quit'): Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 99)
- * QSE awk: Other Versions. (line 135)
+ * QSE 'awk': Other Versions. (line 135)
* Quanstrom, Erik: Alarm Program. (line 8)
- * question mark (?), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92)
- * question mark (?), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 59)
- * question mark (?), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111)
+ * question mark ('?'), '?:' operator: Precedence. (line 91)
+ * question mark ('?'), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 111)
+ * question mark ('?'), regexp operator <1>: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 62)
* QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 139)
- * quit debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * 'quit' debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 99)
- * QUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
- * quoting in gawk command lines: Long. (line 26)
- * quoting in gawk command lines, tricks for: Quoting. (line 91)
-* 'QUIT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
++* 'QUIT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212)
+ * quoting in 'gawk' command lines: Long. (line 26)
+ * quoting in 'gawk' command lines, tricks for: Quoting. (line 91)
* quoting, for small awk programs: Comments. (line 27)
- * r debugger command (alias for run): Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'r' debugger command (alias for 'run'): Debugger Execution Control.
(line 62)
* Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25)
- * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6)
* Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * rand: Numeric Functions. (line 48)
+ * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6)
-* 'rand': Numeric Functions. (line 32)
++* 'rand': Numeric Functions. (line 47)
* random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function.
(line 6)
- * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions.
- (line 48)
- * random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 78)
+ * random numbers, 'rand()'/'srand()' functions: Numeric Functions.
- (line 32)
-* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 62)
++ (line 47)
++* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 77)
* range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6)
* range patterns: Ranges. (line 6)
- * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65)
- * Rankin, Pat <1>: Contributors. (line 37)
- * Rankin, Pat <2>: Assignment Ops. (line 100)
+ * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 64)
* Rankin, Pat: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * reada() extension function: Extension Sample Read write array.
+ * Rankin, Pat <1>: Assignment Ops. (line 99)
+ * Rankin, Pat <2>: Contributors. (line 38)
+ * 'reada()' extension function: Extension Sample Read write array.
(line 18)
* readable data files, checking: File Checking. (line 6)
- * readable.awk program: File Checking. (line 11)
- * readdir extension: Extension Sample Readdir.
+ * 'readable.awk' program: File Checking. (line 11)
+ * 'readdir' extension: Extension Sample Readdir.
(line 9)
- * readfile() extension function: Extension Sample Readfile.
+ * 'readfile()' extension function: Extension Sample Readfile.
(line 12)
- * readfile() user-defined function: Readfile Function. (line 30)
+ * 'readfile()' user-defined function: Readfile Function. (line 30)
* reading input files: Reading Files. (line 6)
* recipe for a programming language: History. (line 6)
- * record separators <1>: User-modified. (line 132)
* record separators: awk split records. (line 6)
+ * record separators <1>: User-modified. (line 133)
* record separators, changing: awk split records. (line 85)
* record separators, regular expressions as: awk split records.
- (line 125)
+ (line 124)
* record separators, with multiline records: Multiple Line. (line 10)
- * records <1>: Basic High Level. (line 73)
* records: Reading Files. (line 14)
+ * records <1>: Basic High Level. (line 62)
* records, multiline: Multiple Line. (line 6)
* records, printing: Print. (line 22)
* records, splitting input into: Records. (line 6)
@@@ -34289,18 -33911,18 +34286,18 @@@
* regular expressions, dynamic: Computed Regexps. (line 6)
* regular expressions, dynamic, with embedded newlines: Computed Regexps.
(line 60)
- * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 70)
- * regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 279)
+ * regular expressions, 'gawk', command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 73)
-* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 278)
++* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 276)
* regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest.
(line 6)
- * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6)
* regular expressions, operators: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
+ * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6)
* regular expressions, operators, for buffers: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 48)
+ (line 51)
* regular expressions, operators, for words: GNU Regexp Operators.
(line 6)
- * regular expressions, operators, gawk: GNU Regexp Operators.
+ * regular expressions, operators, 'gawk': GNU Regexp Operators.
(line 6)
* regular expressions, operators, precedence of: Regexp Operators.
(line 156)
@@@ -34308,122 -33930,129 +34305,130 @@@
* relational operators, See comparison operators: Typing and Comparison.
(line 9)
* replace in string: String Functions. (line 409)
+* retrying input: Retrying Input. (line 6)
- * return debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'return' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
(line 54)
- * return statement, user-defined functions: Return Statement. (line 6)
- * return value, close() function: Close Files And Pipes.
- (line 133)
- * rev() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 54)
- * revoutput extension: Extension Sample Revout.
+ * 'return' statement, user-defined functions: Return Statement.
+ (line 6)
+ * return value, 'close()' function: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 132)
+ * 'rev()' user-defined function: Function Example. (line 54)
+ * 'revoutput' extension: Extension Sample Revout.
(line 11)
- * revtwoway extension: Extension Sample Rev2way.
+ * 'revtwoway' extension: Extension Sample Rev2way.
(line 12)
- * rewind() user-defined function: Rewind Function. (line 15)
- * right angle bracket (>), > operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * right angle bracket (>), > operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * 'rewind()' user-defined function: Rewind Function. (line 15)
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * right angle bracket (>), > operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 22)
- * right angle bracket (>), >= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * right angle bracket (>), >= operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>' operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 22)
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>=' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 11)
- * right angle bracket (>), >> operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * right angle bracket (>), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50)
- * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53)
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>=' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>>' operator (I/O): Redirection.
+ (line 50)
+ * right angle bracket ('>'), '>>' operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence.
+ (line 64)
+ * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 54)
* right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32)
* Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54)
- * RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 279)
- * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228)
- * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6)
- * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 71)
- * Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 144)
- * Robbins, Arnold <4>: General Data Types. (line 6)
- * Robbins, Arnold <5>: Alarm Program. (line 6)
- * Robbins, Arnold <6>: Passwd Functions. (line 90)
- * Robbins, Arnold <7>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39)
-* 'RLENGTH' variable: Auto-set. (line 251)
++* 'RLENGTH' variable: Auto-set. (line 278)
+ * 'RLENGTH' variable, 'match()' function and: String Functions.
+ (line 227)
* Robbins, Arnold: Command Line Field Separator.
(line 71)
- * Robbins, Bill: Getline/Pipe. (line 39)
- * Robbins, Harry: Acknowledgments. (line 94)
- * Robbins, Jean: Acknowledgments. (line 94)
- * Robbins, Miriam <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 90)
- * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39)
- * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 94)
- * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42)
- * round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 23)
- * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Getline/Pipe. (line 40)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Passwd Functions. (line 90)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <3>: Alarm Program. (line 6)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <4>: General Data Types. (line 6)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <5>: Contributors. (line 145)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <6>: Bugs. (line 73)
+ * Robbins, Arnold <7>: Future Extensions. (line 6)
+ * Robbins, Bill: Getline/Pipe. (line 40)
+ * Robbins, Harry: Acknowledgments. (line 93)
+ * Robbins, Jean: Acknowledgments. (line 93)
+ * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 93)
+ * Robbins, Miriam <1>: Getline/Pipe. (line 40)
+ * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Passwd Functions. (line 90)
+ * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 43)
+ * round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 22)
+ * 'round()' user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16)
* rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6)
- * ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 127)
- * RS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 132)
- * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12)
- * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17)
- * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53)
- * RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 285)
- * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 228)
- * RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 292)
- * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129)
- * RT variable: awk split records. (line 125)
- * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15)
+ * 'ROUNDMODE' variable: User-modified. (line 128)
+ * 'RS' variable: awk split records. (line 12)
+ * 'RS' variable <1>: User-modified. (line 133)
+ * 'RS' variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17)
+ * 'rshift': Bitwise Functions. (line 54)
-* 'RSTART' variable: Auto-set. (line 257)
++* 'RSTART' variable: Auto-set. (line 284)
+ * 'RSTART' variable, 'match()' function and: String Functions.
+ (line 227)
+ * 'RT' variable: awk split records. (line 124)
+ * 'RT' variable <1>: Multiple Line. (line 129)
-* 'RT' variable <2>: Auto-set. (line 264)
++* 'RT' variable <2>: Auto-set. (line 291)
* Rubin, Paul: History. (line 30)
+ * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 16)
* rule, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21)
- * run debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'run' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
(line 62)
- * rvalues/lvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 32)
- * s debugger command (alias for step): Debugger Execution Control.
+ * rvalues/lvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 31)
+ * 's' debugger command (alias for 'step'): Debugger Execution Control.
(line 68)
* sample debugging session: Sample Debugging Session.
(line 6)
- * sandbox mode: Options. (line 286)
-* sandbox mode: Options. (line 285)
++* sandbox mode: Options. (line 283)
* save debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 85)
* scalar or array: Type Functions. (line 11)
* scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13)
* scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6)
* scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11)
- * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133)
- * Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 324)
* Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
-* Schorr, Andrew <1>: Auto-set. (line 296)
++* Schorr, Andrew <1>: Auto-set. (line 323)
+ * Schorr, Andrew <2>: Contributors. (line 134)
* Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38)
* Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38)
- * search and replace in strings: String Functions. (line 90)
- * search in string: String Functions. (line 156)
- * search paths <1>: VMS Running. (line 57)
- * search paths <2>: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * search and replace in strings: String Functions. (line 89)
+ * search in string: String Functions. (line 155)
* search paths: Programs Exercises. (line 70)
+ * search paths <1>: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * search paths <2>: VMS Running. (line 57)
* search paths, for loadable extensions: AWKLIBPATH Variable. (line 6)
- * search paths, for source files <1>: VMS Running. (line 57)
- * search paths, for source files <2>: PC Using. (line 10)
- * search paths, for source files <3>: Programs Exercises. (line 70)
* search paths, for source files: AWKPATH Variable. (line 6)
+ * search paths, for source files <1>: Programs Exercises. (line 70)
+ * search paths, for source files <2>: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * search paths, for source files <3>: VMS Running. (line 57)
* searching, files for regular expressions: Egrep Program. (line 6)
* searching, for words: Dupword Program. (line 6)
- * sed utility <1>: Glossary. (line 16)
- * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6)
- * sed utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22)
- * seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 78)
- * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10)
- * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements.
- (line 10)
- * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <2>: Action Overview.
+ * 'sed' utility: Full Line Fields. (line 22)
+ * 'sed' utility <1>: Simple Sed. (line 6)
+ * 'sed' utility <2>: Glossary. (line 16)
-* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 62)
++* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 77)
+ * semicolon (';'), 'AWKPATH' variable and: PC Using. (line 10)
+ * semicolon (';'), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines.
+ (line 90)
+ * semicolon (';'), separating statements in actions <1>: Action Overview.
(line 19)
- * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions: Statements/Lines.
- (line 91)
+ * semicolon (';'), separating statements in actions <2>: Statements.
+ (line 10)
* separators, field: User-modified. (line 50)
- * separators, field, FIELDWIDTHS variable and: User-modified. (line 37)
- * separators, field, FPAT variable and: User-modified. (line 43)
+ * separators, field <1>: User-modified. (line 113)
+ * separators, field, 'FIELDWIDTHS' variable and: User-modified.
+ (line 37)
+ * separators, field, 'FPAT' variable and: User-modified. (line 43)
* separators, field, POSIX and: Fields. (line 6)
- * separators, for records <1>: User-modified. (line 132)
* separators, for records: awk split records. (line 6)
+ * separators, for records <1>: awk split records. (line 85)
+ * separators, for records <2>: User-modified. (line 133)
* separators, for records, regular expressions as: awk split records.
- (line 125)
+ (line 124)
* separators, for statements in actions: Action Overview. (line 19)
- * separators, subscript: User-modified. (line 145)
+ * separators, subscript: User-modified. (line 146)
* set breakpoint: Breakpoint Control. (line 11)
- * set debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 59)
- * set directory of message catalogs: I18N Functions. (line 12)
+ * 'set' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 58)
+ * set directory of message catalogs: I18N Functions. (line 11)
* set watchpoint: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 67)
- * shadowing of variable values: Definition Syntax. (line 76)
+ (line 66)
+ * shadowing of variable values: Definition Syntax. (line 77)
* shell quoting, rules for: Quoting. (line 6)
* shells, piping commands into: Redirection. (line 136)
* shells, quoting: Using Shell Variables.
@@@ -34458,55 -34088,55 +34464,55 @@@
* side effects, function calls: Function Calls. (line 57)
* side effects, statements: Action Overview. (line 32)
* sidebar, A Constant's Base Does Not Affect Its Value: Nondecimal-numbers.
- (line 64)
+ (line 63)
* sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters: Escape Sequences.
- (line 103)
+ (line 106)
- * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields.
+ * sidebar, Changing 'FS' Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields.
(line 14)
- * sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 339)
- * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions.
- (line 139)
-* sidebar, Changing 'NR' and 'FNR': Auto-set. (line 311)
++* sidebar, Changing 'NR' and 'FNR': Auto-set. (line 338)
+ * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with 'system()': I/O Functions.
+ (line 137)
* sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences.
- (line 134)
+ (line 137)
- * sidebar, FS and IGNORECASE: Field Splitting Summary.
- (line 38)
+ * sidebar, 'FS' and 'IGNORECASE': Field Splitting Summary.
+ (line 37)
* sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering: I/O Functions.
(line 74)
* sidebar, Matching the Null String: String Functions. (line 535)
* sidebar, Operator Evaluation Order: Increment Ops. (line 58)
- * sidebar, Piping into sh: Redirection. (line 134)
- * sidebar, Pre-POSIX awk Used OFMT for String Conversion: Strings And Numbers.
- (line 55)
+ * sidebar, Piping into 'sh': Redirection. (line 134)
+ * sidebar, Pre-POSIX 'awk' Used 'OFMT' for String Conversion: Strings And
Numbers.
+ (line 54)
* sidebar, Recipe for a Programming Language: History. (line 6)
- * sidebar, RS = "\0" Is Not Portable: gawk split records. (line 63)
- * sidebar, So Why Does gawk Have BEGINFILE and ENDFILE?: Filetrans Function.
+ * sidebar, 'RS = "\0"' Is Not Portable: gawk split records. (line 63)
+ * sidebar, So Why Does 'gawk' Have 'BEGINFILE' and 'ENDFILE'?: Filetrans
Function.
(line 83)
- * sidebar, Syntactic Ambiguities Between /= and Regular Expressions:
Assignment Ops.
- (line 146)
- * sidebar, Understanding #!: Executable Scripts. (line 31)
- * sidebar, Understanding $0: Changing Fields. (line 134)
- * sidebar, Using \n in Bracket Expressions of Dynamic Regexps: Computed
Regexps.
+ * sidebar, Syntactic Ambiguities Between '/=' and Regular Expressions:
Assignment Ops.
+ (line 147)
+ * sidebar, Understanding '#!': Executable Scripts. (line 31)
+ * sidebar, Understanding '$0': Changing Fields. (line 134)
+ * sidebar, Using 'close()''s Return Value: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 130)
+ * sidebar, Using '\n' in Bracket Expressions of Dynamic Regexps: Computed
Regexps.
(line 58)
- * sidebar, Using close()'s Return Value: Close Files And Pipes.
- (line 131)
- * SIGHUP signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210)
- * SIGINT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
- * signals, HUP/SIGHUP, for profiling: Profiling. (line 210)
- * signals, INT/SIGINT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
- * signals, QUIT/SIGQUIT (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
- * signals, USR1/SIGUSR1, for profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
-* 'SIGHUP' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 210)
-* 'SIGINT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
-* signals, 'HUP'/'SIGHUP', for profiling: Profiling. (line 210)
-* signals, 'INT'/'SIGINT' (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
-* signals, 'QUIT'/'SIGQUIT' (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
-* signals, 'USR1'/'SIGUSR1', for profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
++* 'SIGHUP' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 209)
++* 'SIGINT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212)
++* signals, 'HUP'/'SIGHUP', for profiling: Profiling. (line 209)
++* signals, 'INT'/'SIGINT' (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212)
++* signals, 'QUIT'/'SIGQUIT' (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212)
++* signals, 'USR1'/'SIGUSR1', for profiling: Profiling. (line 186)
* signature program: Signature Program. (line 6)
- * SIGQUIT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
- * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
- * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
-* 'SIGQUIT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 213)
-* 'SIGUSR1' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
++* 'SIGQUIT' signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 212)
++* 'SIGUSR1' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186)
+ * 'silent' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
(line 10)
- * sin: Numeric Functions. (line 89)
- * sine: Numeric Functions. (line 89)
- * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15)
- * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35)
- * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
- * single quote ('), vs. apostrophe: Comments. (line 27)
- * single quote ('), with double quotes: Quoting. (line 73)
-* 'sin': Numeric Functions. (line 73)
-* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 73)
++* 'sin': Numeric Functions. (line 88)
++* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 88)
+ * single quote ('''): One-shot. (line 15)
+ * single quote (''') in 'gawk' command lines: Long. (line 35)
+ * single quote ('''), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48)
+ * single quote ('''), vs. apostrophe: Comments. (line 27)
+ * single quote ('''), with double quotes: Quoting. (line 73)
* single-character fields: Single Character Fields.
(line 6)
* single-step execution, in the debugger: Debugger Execution Control.
@@@ -34541,31 -34171,31 +34547,31 @@@
* source files, search path for: Programs Exercises. (line 70)
* sparse arrays: Array Intro. (line 76)
* Spencer, Henry: Glossary. (line 16)
- * split: String Functions. (line 316)
- * split string into array: String Functions. (line 297)
- * split utility: Split Program. (line 6)
- * split() function, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 61)
- * split.awk program: Split Program. (line 30)
- * sprintf <1>: String Functions. (line 384)
- * sprintf: OFMT. (line 15)
- * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 113)
- * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function.
+ * 'split': String Functions. (line 315)
+ * split string into array: String Functions. (line 296)
+ * 'split' utility: Split Program. (line 6)
+ * 'split()' function, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 61)
+ * 'split.awk' program: Split Program. (line 30)
+ * 'sprintf': OFMT. (line 15)
+ * 'sprintf' <1>: String Functions. (line 384)
+ * 'sprintf()' function, 'OFMT' variable and: User-modified. (line 113)
+ * 'sprintf()' function, 'print'/'printf' statements and: Round Function.
(line 6)
- * sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 92)
- * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56)
- * square root: Numeric Functions. (line 92)
- * srand: Numeric Functions. (line 96)
-* 'sqrt': Numeric Functions. (line 76)
++* 'sqrt': Numeric Functions. (line 91)
+ * square brackets ('[]'), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56)
-* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 76)
-* 'srand': Numeric Functions. (line 80)
++* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 91)
++* 'srand': Numeric Functions. (line 95)
* stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10)
- * Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 375)
- * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23)
- * Stallman, Richard <3>: Acknowledgments. (line 18)
* Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6)
+ * Stallman, Richard <1>: Acknowledgments. (line 18)
+ * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 24)
+ * Stallman, Richard <3>: Glossary. (line 372)
* standard error: Special FD. (line 6)
- * standard input <1>: Special FD. (line 6)
* standard input: Read Terminal. (line 6)
+ * standard input <1>: Special FD. (line 6)
* standard output: Special FD. (line 6)
* starting the debugger: Debugger Invocation. (line 6)
- * stat() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions.
+ * 'stat()' extension function: Extension Sample File Functions.
(line 18)
* statements, compound, control statements and: Statements. (line 10)
* statements, control, in actions: Statements. (line 6)
@@@ -34618,22 -34249,23 +34625,23 @@@
(line 6)
* subscripts in arrays, uninitialized variables as: Uninitialized Subscripts.
(line 6)
- * SUBSEP variable: User-modified. (line 145)
- * SUBSEP variable, and multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional.
+ * 'SUBSEP' variable: User-modified. (line 146)
+ * 'SUBSEP' variable, and multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional.
(line 16)
- * substitute in string: String Functions. (line 90)
- * substr: String Functions. (line 482)
+ * substitute in string: String Functions. (line 89)
+ * 'substr': String Functions. (line 482)
* substring: String Functions. (line 482)
* Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 68)
- * supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 260)
- * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6)
- * SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 296)
- * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
- (line 148)
- * system: I/O Functions. (line 107)
- * systime: Time Functions. (line 66)
- * t debugger command (alias for tbreak): Breakpoint Control. (line 90)
- * tbreak debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 90)
-* supplementary groups of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 236)
++* supplementary groups of 'gawk' process: Auto-set. (line 259)
+ * 'switch' statement: Switch Statement. (line 6)
-* 'SYMTAB' array: Auto-set. (line 268)
++* 'SYMTAB' array: Auto-set. (line 295)
+ * syntactic ambiguity: '/=' operator vs. '/=.../' regexp constant: Assignment
Ops.
+ (line 149)
+ * 'system': I/O Functions. (line 107)
+ * 'systime': Time Functions. (line 65)
+ * 't' debugger command (alias for 'tbreak'): Breakpoint Control.
+ (line 90)
+ * 'tbreak' debugger command: Breakpoint Control. (line 90)
* Tcl: Library Names. (line 58)
* TCP/IP: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6)
* TCP/IP, support for: Special Network. (line 6)
@@@ -34677,24 -34312,26 +34688,26 @@@
* time, retrieving: Time Functions. (line 17)
* timeout, reading input: Read Timeout. (line 6)
* timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6)
- * timestamps, converting dates to: Time Functions. (line 76)
+ * timestamps <1>: Time Functions. (line 65)
+ * timestamps, converting dates to: Time Functions. (line 75)
* timestamps, formatted: Getlocaltime Function.
(line 6)
- * tolower: String Functions. (line 524)
- * toupper: String Functions. (line 530)
- * tr utility: Translate Program. (line 6)
- * trace debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
+ * 'tolower': String Functions. (line 524)
+ * 'toupper': String Functions. (line 530)
+ * 'tr' utility: Translate Program. (line 6)
+ * 'trace' debugger command: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
(line 107)
* traceback, display in debugger: Execution Stack. (line 13)
- * translate string: I18N Functions. (line 22)
- * translate.awk program: Translate Program. (line 55)
- * treating files, as single records: gawk split records. (line 93)
- * troubleshooting, --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211)
- * troubleshooting, == operator: Comparison Operators.
+ * translate string: I18N Functions. (line 21)
+ * 'translate.awk' program: Translate Program. (line 55)
+ * treating files, as single records: gawk split records. (line 92)
+ * troubleshooting, '--non-decimal-data' option: Options. (line 209)
+ * troubleshooting, '==' operator: Comparison Operators.
(line 37)
- * troubleshooting, awk uses FS not IFS: Field Separators. (line 30)
+ * troubleshooting, 'awk' uses 'FS' not 'IFS': Field Separators.
+ (line 29)
* troubleshooting, backslash before nonspecial character: Escape Sequences.
- (line 105)
+ (line 108)
* troubleshooting, division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44)
* troubleshooting, fatal errors, field widths, specifying: Constant Size.
(line 22)
@@@ -34734,35 -34372,35 +34748,35 @@@
(line 18)
* undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference.
(line 68)
- * underscore (_), C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 71)
- * underscore (_), in names of private variables: Library Names.
+ * underscore ('_'), C macro: Explaining gettext. (line 71)
+ * underscore ('_'), in names of private variables: Library Names.
(line 29)
- * underscore (_), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 69)
- * undisplay debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 80)
+ * underscore ('_'), translatable string: Programmer i18n. (line 69)
+ * 'undisplay' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 79)
* undocumented features: Undocumented. (line 6)
- * Unicode <1>: Glossary. (line 197)
- * Unicode <2>: Ranges and Locales. (line 61)
* Unicode: Ordinal Functions. (line 45)
+ * Unicode <1>: Ranges and Locales. (line 61)
+ * Unicode <2>: Glossary. (line 196)
* uninitialized variables, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts.
(line 6)
- * uniq utility: Uniq Program. (line 6)
- * uniq.awk program: Uniq Program. (line 65)
- * Unix: Glossary. (line 753)
- * Unix awk, backslashes in escape sequences: Escape Sequences.
+ * 'uniq' utility: Uniq Program. (line 6)
+ * 'uniq.awk' program: Uniq Program. (line 65)
+ * Unix: Glossary. (line 748)
+ * Unix 'awk', backslashes in escape sequences: Escape Sequences.
- (line 117)
+ (line 120)
- * Unix awk, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes.
- (line 133)
- * Unix awk, password files, field separators and: Command Line Field
Separator.
+ * Unix 'awk', 'close()' function and: Close Files And Pipes.
+ (line 132)
+ * Unix 'awk', password files, field separators and: Command Line Field
Separator.
(line 62)
- * Unix, awk scripts and: Executable Scripts. (line 6)
- * UNIXROOT variable, on OS/2 systems: PC Using. (line 16)
+ * Unix, 'awk' scripts and: Executable Scripts. (line 6)
+ * 'UNIXROOT' variable, on OS/2 systems: PC Using. (line 16)
* unsigned integers: Computer Arithmetic. (line 41)
- * until debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ * 'until' debugger command: Debugger Execution Control.
+ (line 82)
+ * 'unwatch' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
(line 83)
- * unwatch debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 84)
- * up debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 36)
+ * 'up' debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 36)
* user database, reading: Passwd Functions. (line 6)
* user-defined functions: User-defined. (line 6)
* user-defined, functions, counts, in a profile: Profiling. (line 137)
@@@ -34770,7 -34408,7 +34784,7 @@@
* user-modifiable variables: User-modified. (line 6)
* users, information about, printing: Id Program. (line 6)
* users, information about, retrieving: Passwd Functions. (line 16)
- * USR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
-* 'USR1' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 187)
++* 'USR1' signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 186)
* values, numeric: Basic Data Typing. (line 13)
* values, string: Basic Data Typing. (line 13)
* variable assignments and input files: Other Arguments. (line 26)
@@@ -34804,57 -34442,57 +34818,57 @@@
* variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts.
(line 6)
* variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6)
- * version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 230)
- * version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 255)
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- * version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 237)
- * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70)
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- * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9)
- * vertical bar (|), |& operator (I/O) <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 25)
- * vertical bar (|), |& operator (I/O) <2>: Precedence. (line 65)
- * vertical bar (|), |& operator (I/O): Getline/Coprocess. (line 6)
- * vertical bar (|), || operator <1>: Precedence. (line 89)
- * vertical bar (|), || operator: Boolean Ops. (line 59)
-* version of 'gawk': Auto-set. (line 206)
-* version of 'gawk' extension API: Auto-set. (line 231)
-* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 217)
-* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 213)
++* version of 'gawk': Auto-set. (line 229)
++* version of 'gawk' extension API: Auto-set. (line 254)
++* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 240)
++* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 236)
+ * vertical bar ('|'): Regexp Operators. (line 70)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '|' operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 10)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '|' operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '|&' operator (I/O): Getline/Coprocess. (line 6)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '|&' operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 64)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '|&' operator (I/O) <2>: Two-way I/O. (line 27)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '||' operator: Boolean Ops. (line 59)
+ * vertical bar ('|'), '||' operator <1>: Precedence. (line 88)
* Vinschen, Corinna: Acknowledgments. (line 60)
- * w debugger command (alias for watch): Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 67)
- * w utility: Constant Size. (line 22)
- * wait() extension function: Extension Sample Fork.
+ * 'w' debugger command (alias for 'watch'): Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 66)
+ * 'w' utility: Constant Size. (line 22)
+ * 'wait()' extension function: Extension Sample Fork.
(line 22)
- * waitpid() extension function: Extension Sample Fork.
+ * 'waitpid()' extension function: Extension Sample Fork.
(line 18)
- * walk_array() user-defined function: Walking Arrays. (line 14)
- * Wall, Larry <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6)
+ * 'walk_array()' user-defined function: Walking Arrays. (line 14)
* Wall, Larry: Array Intro. (line 6)
- * Wallin, Anders: Contributors. (line 103)
- * warnings, issuing: Options. (line 185)
- * watch debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
- (line 67)
+ * Wall, Larry <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6)
+ * Wallin, Anders: Contributors. (line 104)
+ * warnings, issuing: Options. (line 184)
+ * 'watch' debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data.
+ (line 66)
* watchpoint: Debugging Terms. (line 42)
- * wc utility: Wc Program. (line 6)
- * wc.awk program: Wc Program. (line 46)
- * Weinberger, Peter <1>: Contributors. (line 11)
+ * 'wc' utility: Wc Program. (line 6)
+ * 'wc.awk' program: Wc Program. (line 46)
* Weinberger, Peter: History. (line 17)
- * where debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 13)
- * where debugger command (alias for backtrace): Execution Stack.
+ * Weinberger, Peter <1>: Contributors. (line 12)
+ * 'where' debugger command: Execution Stack. (line 13)
+ * 'where' debugger command (alias for 'backtrace'): Execution Stack.
(line 13)
- * while statement: While Statement. (line 6)
- * while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
+ * 'while' statement: While Statement. (line 6)
+ * 'while' statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19)
* whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting.
(line 6)
* whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10)
--* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 260)
- * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 34)
- * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79)
- * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 27)
++* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 258)
+ * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 35)
+ * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 80)
+ * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 28)
* word boundaries, matching: GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 38)
+ (line 41)
* word, regexp definition of: GNU Regexp Operators.
(line 6)
- * word-boundary operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators.
- (line 63)
- * wordfreq.awk program: Word Sorting. (line 56)
+ * word-boundary operator ('gawk'): GNU Regexp Operators.
+ (line 66)
+ * 'wordfreq.awk' program: Word Sorting. (line 56)
* words, counting: Wc Program. (line 6)
* words, duplicate, searching for: Dupword Program. (line 6)
* words, usage counts, generating: Word Sorting. (line 6)
@@@ -34896,564 -34511,560 +34887,564 @@@
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-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21085536
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31085771
-Node: Contributors1085992
-Node: History summary1091561
-Node: Installation1092941
-Node: Gawk Distribution1093886
-Node: Getting1094370
-Node: Extracting1095193
-Node: Distribution contents1096831
-Node: Unix Installation1102584
-Node: Quick Installation1103200
-Node: Additional Configuration Options1105627
-Node: Configuration Philosophy1107431
-Node: Non-Unix Installation1109801
-Node: PC Installation1110259
-Node: PC Binary Installation1111579
-Node: PC Compiling1113431
-Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11116455
-Node: PC Testing1116564
-Node: PC Using1117744
-Node: Cygwin1121858
-Node: MSYS1122628
-Node: VMS Installation1123129
-Node: VMS Compilation1123920
-Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11125150
-Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1125208
-Node: VMS Installation Details1126893
-Node: VMS Running1129146
-Node: VMS GNV1131987
-Node: VMS Old Gawk1132722
-Node: Bugs1133193
-Node: Other Versions1137307
-Node: Installation summary1143781
-Node: Notes1144839
-Node: Compatibility Mode1145704
-Node: Additions1146486
-Node: Accessing The Source1147411
-Node: Adding Code1148847
-Node: New Ports1155002
-Node: Derived Files1159490
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11164975
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21165010
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31165608
-Node: Future Extensions1165722
-Node: Implementation Limitations1166380
-Node: Extension Design1167563
-Node: Old Extension Problems1168717
-Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11170235
-Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1170292
-Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11173656
-Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1173845
-Node: Extension Future Growth1175958
-Node: Old Extension Mechanism1176794
-Node: Notes summary1178557
-Node: Basic Concepts1179739
-Node: Basic High Level1180420
-Ref: figure-general-flow1180702
-Ref: figure-process-flow1181387
-Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11184688
-Node: Basic Data Typing1184873
-Node: Glossary1188201
-Node: Copying1220147
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1257686
-Node: Index1282804
++Node: Foreword342435
++Node: Foreword446877
++Node: Preface48409
++Ref: Preface-Footnote-151281
++Ref: Preface-Footnote-251388
++Ref: Preface-Footnote-351622
++Node: History51764
++Node: Names54117
++Ref: Names-Footnote-155211
++Node: This Manual55358
++Ref: This Manual-Footnote-161840
++Node: Conventions61940
++Node: Manual History64295
++Ref: Manual History-Footnote-167291
++Ref: Manual History-Footnote-267332
++Node: How To Contribute67406
++Node: Acknowledgments68535
++Node: Getting Started73403
++Node: Running gawk75842
++Node: One-shot77032
++Node: Read Terminal78295
++Node: Long80327
++Node: Executable Scripts81840
++Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-184635
++Node: Comments84738
++Node: Quoting87222
++Node: DOS Quoting92740
++Node: Sample Data Files93415
++Node: Very Simple96010
++Node: Two Rules100912
++Node: More Complex102798
++Node: Statements/Lines105661
++Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-1110120
++Node: Other Features110385
++Node: When111322
++Ref: When-Footnote-1113076
++Node: Intro Summary113141
++Node: Invoking Gawk114025
++Node: Command Line115539
++Node: Options116337
++Ref: Options-Footnote-1132117
++Ref: Options-Footnote-2132347
++Node: Other Arguments132372
++Node: Naming Standard Input135319
++Node: Environment Variables136412
++Node: AWKPATH Variable136970
++Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1140381
++Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2140426
+Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable140687
- Node: Other Environment Variables141943
- Node: Exit Status145574
- Node: Include Files146250
- Node: Loading Shared Libraries149839
- Node: Obsolete151266
- Node: Undocumented151958
- Node: Invoking Summary152225
- Node: Regexp153888
- Node: Regexp Usage155342
- Node: Escape Sequences157379
- Node: Regexp Operators163608
- Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1171018
- Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2171165
- Node: Bracket Expressions171263
- Ref: table-char-classes173278
- Node: Leftmost Longest176220
- Node: Computed Regexps177522
- Node: GNU Regexp Operators180951
- Node: Case-sensitivity184623
- Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1187508
- Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187743
- Node: Regexp Summary187851
- Node: Reading Files189318
- Node: Records191480
- Node: awk split records192213
- Node: gawk split records197142
- Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201681
- Node: Fields201718
- Ref: Fields-Footnote-1204496
- Node: Nonconstant Fields204582
- Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206820
- Node: Changing Fields207023
- Node: Field Separators212954
- Node: Default Field Splitting215658
- Node: Regexp Field Splitting216775
- Node: Single Character Fields220125
- Node: Command Line Field Separator221184
- Node: Full Line Fields224401
- Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1225922
- Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2225968
- Node: Field Splitting Summary226069
- Node: Constant Size228143
- Node: Splitting By Content232722
- Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236687
- Node: Multiple Line236850
- Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1242731
- Node: Getline242910
- Node: Plain Getline245380
- Node: Getline/Variable248020
- Node: Getline/File249169
- Node: Getline/Variable/File250554
- Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1252157
- Node: Getline/Pipe252244
- Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe254922
- Node: Getline/Coprocess256053
- Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess257317
- Node: Getline Notes258056
- Node: Getline Summary260850
- Ref: table-getline-variants261262
- Node: Read Timeout262091
- Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1265994
- Node: Retrying Input266052
- Node: Command-line directories267251
- Node: Input Summary268158
- Node: Input Exercises271543
- Node: Printing272271
- Node: Print274106
- Node: Print Examples275563
- Node: Output Separators278342
- Node: OFMT280360
- Node: Printf281715
- Node: Basic Printf282500
- Node: Control Letters284072
- Node: Format Modifiers288057
- Node: Printf Examples294063
- Node: Redirection296549
- Node: Special FD303387
- Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1306553
- Node: Special Files306627
- Node: Other Inherited Files307244
- Node: Special Network308244
- Node: Special Caveats309106
- Node: Close Files And Pipes310055
- Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1317240
- Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2317388
- Node: Nonfatal317538
- Node: Output Summary319863
- Node: Output Exercises321084
- Node: Expressions321764
- Node: Values322953
- Node: Constants323630
- Node: Scalar Constants324321
- Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1325183
- Node: Nondecimal-numbers325433
- Node: Regexp Constants328443
- Node: Using Constant Regexps328969
- Node: Variables332132
- Node: Using Variables332789
- Node: Assignment Options334700
- Node: Conversion336575
- Node: Strings And Numbers337099
- Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1340164
- Node: Locale influences conversions340273
- Ref: table-locale-affects343019
- Node: All Operators343611
- Node: Arithmetic Ops344240
- Node: Concatenation346745
- Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1349564
- Node: Assignment Ops349671
- Ref: table-assign-ops354650
- Node: Increment Ops355960
- Node: Truth Values and Conditions359391
- Node: Truth Values360474
- Node: Typing and Comparison361523
- Node: Variable Typing362339
- Node: Comparison Operators366006
- Ref: table-relational-ops366416
- Node: POSIX String Comparison369911
- Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1370983
- Node: Boolean Ops371122
- Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1375600
- Node: Conditional Exp375691
- Node: Function Calls377429
- Node: Precedence381309
- Node: Locales384969
- Node: Expressions Summary386601
- Node: Patterns and Actions389172
- Node: Pattern Overview390292
- Node: Regexp Patterns391971
- Node: Expression Patterns392514
- Node: Ranges396294
- Node: BEGIN/END399401
- Node: Using BEGIN/END400162
- Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1402898
- Node: I/O And BEGIN/END403004
- Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE405319
- Node: Empty408225
- Node: Using Shell Variables408542
- Node: Action Overview410815
- Node: Statements413141
- Node: If Statement414989
- Node: While Statement416484
- Node: Do Statement418512
- Node: For Statement419660
- Node: Switch Statement422818
- Node: Break Statement425200
- Node: Continue Statement427293
- Node: Next Statement429120
- Node: Nextfile Statement431501
- Node: Exit Statement434129
- Node: Built-in Variables436540
- Node: User-modified437673
- Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1445307
- Node: Auto-set445369
- Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1459601
- Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2459806
- Node: ARGC and ARGV459862
- Node: Pattern Action Summary464080
- Node: Arrays466513
- Node: Array Basics467842
- Node: Array Intro468686
- Ref: figure-array-elements470623
- Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1473246
- Node: Reference to Elements473374
- Node: Assigning Elements475836
- Node: Array Example476327
- Node: Scanning an Array478086
- Node: Controlling Scanning481109
- Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1486503
- Node: Numeric Array Subscripts486819
- Node: Uninitialized Subscripts489004
- Node: Delete490621
- Ref: Delete-Footnote-1493370
- Node: Multidimensional493427
- Node: Multiscanning496524
- Node: Arrays of Arrays498113
- Node: Arrays Summary502867
- Node: Functions504958
- Node: Built-in505997
- Node: Calling Built-in507075
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- Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1513903
- Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2514260
- Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3514308
- Node: String Functions514580
- Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1538081
- Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2538210
- Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3538458
- Node: Gory Details538545
- Ref: table-sub-escapes540326
- Ref: table-sub-proposed541841
- Ref: table-posix-sub543203
- Ref: table-gensub-escapes544740
- Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1545573
- Node: I/O Functions545724
- Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1552960
- Node: Time Functions553107
- Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1563616
- Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2563684
- Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3563842
- Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4563953
- Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5564065
- Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6564292
- Node: Bitwise Functions564558
- Ref: table-bitwise-ops565120
- Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1569448
- Node: Type Functions569620
- Node: I18N Functions570772
- Node: User-defined572419
- Node: Definition Syntax573224
- Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1578883
- Node: Function Example578954
- Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1581875
- Node: Function Caveats581897
- Node: Calling A Function582415
- Node: Variable Scope583373
- Node: Pass By Value/Reference586366
- Node: Return Statement589863
- Node: Dynamic Typing592842
- Node: Indirect Calls593771
- Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1604014
- Node: Functions Summary604142
- Node: Library Functions606844
- Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1610452
- Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2610595
- Node: Library Names610766
- Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1614224
- Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2614447
- Node: General Functions614533
- Node: Strtonum Function615636
- Node: Assert Function618658
- Node: Round Function621982
- Node: Cliff Random Function623523
- Node: Ordinal Functions624539
- Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1627602
- Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2627854
- Node: Join Function628065
- Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1629835
- Node: Getlocaltime Function630035
- Node: Readfile Function633779
- Node: Shell Quoting635751
- Node: Data File Management637152
- Node: Filetrans Function637784
- Node: Rewind Function641880
- Node: File Checking643266
- Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1644599
- Node: Empty Files644800
- Node: Ignoring Assigns646779
- Node: Getopt Function648329
- Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1659793
- Node: Passwd Functions659993
- Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1668833
- Node: Group Functions668921
- Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1676818
- Node: Walking Arrays677023
- Node: Library Functions Summary680029
- Node: Library Exercises681431
- Node: Sample Programs682711
- Node: Running Examples683481
- Node: Clones684209
- Node: Cut Program685433
- Node: Egrep Program695153
- Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1702656
- Node: Id Program702766
- Node: Split Program706442
- Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1709896
- Node: Tee Program710024
- Node: Uniq Program712813
- Node: Wc Program720232
- Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1724482
- Node: Miscellaneous Programs724576
- Node: Dupword Program725789
- Node: Alarm Program727820
- Node: Translate Program732625
- Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1737188
- Node: Labels Program737458
- Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1740809
- Node: Word Sorting740893
- Node: History Sorting744963
- Node: Extract Program746798
- Node: Simple Sed754322
- Node: Igawk Program757392
- Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1771718
- Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2771919
- Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3772041
- Node: Anagram Program772156
- Node: Signature Program775217
- Node: Programs Summary776464
- Node: Programs Exercises777685
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- Node: Advanced Features781907
- Node: Nondecimal Data783889
- Node: Array Sorting785479
- Node: Controlling Array Traversal786179
- Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1794545
- Node: Array Sorting Functions794663
- Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1798549
- Node: Two-way I/O798745
- Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1803690
- Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2803876
- Node: TCP/IP Networking803958
- Node: Profiling806830
- Node: Advanced Features Summary815101
- Node: Internationalization817034
- Node: I18N and L10N818514
- Node: Explaining gettext819200
- Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1824225
- Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2824409
- Node: Programmer i18n824574
- Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1829450
- Node: Translator i18n829499
- Node: String Extraction830293
- Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1831424
- Node: Printf Ordering831510
- Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1834296
- Node: I18N Portability834360
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- Node: I18N Example836879
- Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1839682
- Node: Gawk I18N839754
- Node: I18N Summary840398
- Node: Debugger841738
- Node: Debugging842760
- Node: Debugging Concepts843201
- Node: Debugging Terms845011
- Node: Awk Debugging847583
- Node: Sample Debugging Session848489
- Node: Debugger Invocation849023
- Node: Finding The Bug850408
- Node: List of Debugger Commands856887
- Node: Breakpoint Control858219
- Node: Debugger Execution Control861896
- Node: Viewing And Changing Data865255
- Node: Execution Stack868631
- Node: Debugger Info870266
- Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands874311
- Node: Readline Support879312
- Node: Limitations880206
- Node: Debugging Summary882321
- Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic883495
- Node: Computer Arithmetic884911
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- Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1889012
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- Ref: table-ieee-formats892364
- Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1892968
- Node: MPFR features893073
- Node: FP Math Caution894744
- Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1895794
- Node: Inexactness of computations896163
- Node: Inexact representation897122
- Node: Comparing FP Values898480
- Node: Errors accumulate899562
- Node: Getting Accuracy900994
- Node: Try To Round903698
- Node: Setting precision904597
- Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings905281
- Node: Setting the rounding mode907110
- Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes907474
- Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1910926
- Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers911105
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- Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems916170
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- Node: Floating point summary920087
- Node: Dynamic Extensions922274
- Node: Extension Intro923826
- Node: Plugin License925091
- Node: Extension Mechanism Outline925888
- Ref: figure-load-extension926316
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- Node: Extension API Description930787
- Node: Extension API Functions Introduction932321
- Node: General Data Types937190
- Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1943090
- Node: Memory Allocation Functions943389
- Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1946228
- Node: Constructor Functions946327
- Node: Registration Functions948066
- Node: Extension Functions948751
- Node: Exit Callback Functions951048
- Node: Extension Version String952296
- Node: Input Parsers952959
- Node: Output Wrappers962834
- Node: Two-way processors967347
- Node: Printing Messages969610
- Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1970686
- Node: Updating `ERRNO'970838
- Node: Requesting Values971578
- Ref: table-value-types-returned972305
- Node: Accessing Parameters973262
- Node: Symbol Table Access974496
- Node: Symbol table by name975010
- Node: Symbol table by cookie977030
- Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1981175
- Node: Cached values981238
- Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1984734
- Node: Array Manipulation984825
- Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1985915
- Node: Array Data Types985952
- Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1988607
- Node: Array Functions988699
- Node: Flattening Arrays992558
- Node: Creating Arrays999460
- Node: Redirection API1004231
- Node: Extension API Variables1007056
- Node: Extension Versioning1007689
- Node: Extension API Informational Variables1009580
- Node: Extension API Boilerplate1010645
- Node: Finding Extensions1014454
- Node: Extension Example1015014
- Node: Internal File Description1015786
- Node: Internal File Ops1019853
- Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11031604
- Node: Using Internal File Ops1031744
- Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11034127
- Node: Extension Samples1034400
- Node: Extension Sample File Functions1035928
- Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1043609
- Node: Extension Sample Fork1045097
- Node: Extension Sample Inplace1046312
- Node: Extension Sample Ord1048398
- Node: Extension Sample Readdir1049234
- Ref: table-readdir-file-types1050111
- Node: Extension Sample Revout1050922
- Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1051511
- Node: Extension Sample Read write array1052251
- Node: Extension Sample Readfile1054191
- Node: Extension Sample Time1055286
- Node: Extension Sample API Tests1056634
- Node: gawkextlib1057125
- Node: Extension summary1059572
- Node: Extension Exercises1063261
- Node: Language History1064757
- Node: V7/SVR3.11066413
- Node: SVR41068566
- Node: POSIX1070000
- Node: BTL1071381
- Node: POSIX/GNU1072112
- Node: Feature History1077951
- Node: Common Extensions1091941
- Node: Ranges and Locales1093313
- Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11097932
- Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21097959
- Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31098194
- Node: Contributors1098415
- Node: History summary1103955
- Node: Installation1105334
- Node: Gawk Distribution1106280
- Node: Getting1106764
- Node: Extracting1107587
- Node: Distribution contents1109224
- Node: Unix Installation1115326
- Node: Quick Installation1116009
- Node: Shell Startup Files1118420
- Node: Additional Configuration Options1119499
- Node: Configuration Philosophy1121303
- Node: Non-Unix Installation1123672
- Node: PC Installation1124130
- Node: PC Binary Installation1125450
- Node: PC Compiling1127298
- Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11130319
- Node: PC Testing1130428
- Node: PC Using1131604
- Node: Cygwin1135719
- Node: MSYS1136489
- Node: VMS Installation1136990
- Node: VMS Compilation1137782
- Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11139011
- Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1139069
- Node: VMS Installation Details1140753
- Node: VMS Running1143004
- Node: VMS GNV1145844
- Node: VMS Old Gawk1146579
- Node: Bugs1147049
- Node: Other Versions1150938
- Node: Installation summary1157372
- Node: Notes1158431
- Node: Compatibility Mode1159296
- Node: Additions1160078
- Node: Accessing The Source1161003
- Node: Adding Code1162438
- Node: New Ports1168595
- Node: Derived Files1173077
- Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11178552
- Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21178586
- Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31179182
- Node: Future Extensions1179296
- Node: Implementation Limitations1179902
- Node: Extension Design1181150
- Node: Old Extension Problems1182304
- Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11183821
- Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1183878
- Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11187238
- Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1187427
- Node: Extension Future Growth1189535
- Node: Old Extension Mechanism1190371
- Node: Notes summary1192133
- Node: Basic Concepts1193319
- Node: Basic High Level1194000
- Ref: figure-general-flow1194272
- Ref: figure-process-flow1194871
- Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11198100
- Node: Basic Data Typing1198285
- Node: Glossary1201613
- Node: Copying1233542
- Node: GNU Free Documentation License1271098
- Node: Index1296234
++Node: Other Environment Variables141944
++Node: Exit Status145582
++Node: Include Files146259
++Node: Loading Shared Libraries149854
++Node: Obsolete151282
++Node: Undocumented151974
++Node: Invoking Summary152271
++Node: Regexp153931
++Node: Regexp Usage155385
++Node: Escape Sequences157422
++Node: Regexp Operators163655
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++Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2171219
++Node: Bracket Expressions171317
++Ref: table-char-classes173340
++Node: Leftmost Longest176286
++Node: Computed Regexps177589
++Node: GNU Regexp Operators181016
++Node: Case-sensitivity184695
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++Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2187817
++Node: Regexp Summary187925
++Node: Reading Files189391
++Node: Records191554
++Node: awk split records192287
++Node: gawk split records197219
++Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1201763
++Node: Fields201800
++Ref: Fields-Footnote-1204580
++Node: Nonconstant Fields204666
++Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1206902
++Node: Changing Fields207106
++Node: Field Separators213036
++Node: Default Field Splitting215734
++Node: Regexp Field Splitting216852
++Node: Single Character Fields220205
++Node: Command Line Field Separator221265
++Node: Full Line Fields224483
++Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1226005
++Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2226051
++Node: Field Splitting Summary226152
++Node: Constant Size228226
++Node: Splitting By Content232805
++Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1236776
++Node: Multiple Line236939
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++Node: Getline243001
++Node: Plain Getline245468
++Node: Getline/Variable248107
++Node: Getline/File249256
++Node: Getline/Variable/File250642
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++Node: Getline/Pipe252334
++Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe255039
++Node: Getline/Coprocess256172
++Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess257437
++Node: Getline Notes258177
++Node: Getline Summary260972
++Ref: table-getline-variants261394
++Node: Read Timeout262142
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++Node: Retrying Input266107
++Node: Command-line directories267306
++Node: Input Summary268213
++Node: Input Exercises271385
++Node: Printing272113
++Node: Print273948
++Node: Print Examples275405
++Node: Output Separators278185
++Node: OFMT280202
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++Node: Basic Printf282343
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++Node: ARGC and ARGV459827
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++Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2563800
++Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3563958
++Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4564069
++Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5564181
++Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6564408
++Node: Bitwise Functions564674
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++Node: Type Functions569749
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++Node: Data File Management637340
++Node: Filetrans Function637972
++Node: Rewind Function642069
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++Node: Empty Files644990
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++Node: Passwd Functions660189
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++Node: Group Functions669118
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++Node: Walking Arrays677224
++Node: Library Functions Summary680234
++Node: Library Exercises681640
++Node: Sample Programs682919
++Node: Running Examples683689
++Node: Clones684417
++Node: Cut Program685641
++Node: Egrep Program695362
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++Node: Id Program702984
++Node: Split Program706664
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++Node: Tee Program710252
++Node: Uniq Program713042
++Node: Wc Program720468
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++Node: Miscellaneous Programs724817
++Node: Dupword Program726030
++Node: Alarm Program728060
++Node: Translate Program732915
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++Node: Labels Program737750
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++Node: Word Sorting741185
++Node: History Sorting745257
++Node: Extract Program747092
++Node: Simple Sed754623
++Node: Igawk Program757697
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++Node: Anagram Program772467
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++Node: Errors accumulate900221
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++Node: Setting precision905263
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++Node: Setting the rounding mode907790
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++Node: Contributors1099316
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++Node: PC Installation1125058
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++Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11131254
++Node: PC Testing1131363
++Node: PC Using1132543
++Node: Cygwin1136657
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++Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11139949
++Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1140007
++Node: VMS Installation Details1141692
++Node: VMS Running1143945
++Node: VMS GNV1146786
++Node: VMS Old Gawk1147521
++Node: Bugs1147992
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++Node: Installation summary1158580
++Node: Notes1159638
++Node: Compatibility Mode1160503
++Node: Additions1161285
++Node: Accessing The Source1162210
++Node: Adding Code1163646
++Node: New Ports1169801
++Node: Derived Files1174289
++Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11179774
++Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21179809
++Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31180407
++Node: Future Extensions1180521
++Node: Implementation Limitations1181179
++Node: Extension Design1182362
++Node: Old Extension Problems1183516
++Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11185034
++Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1185091
++Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11188455
++Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1188644
++Node: Extension Future Growth1190757
++Node: Old Extension Mechanism1191593
++Node: Notes summary1193356
++Node: Basic Concepts1194538
++Node: Basic High Level1195219
++Ref: figure-general-flow1195501
++Ref: figure-process-flow1196186
++Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11199487
++Node: Basic Data Typing1199672
++Node: Glossary1203000
++Node: Copying1234946
++Node: GNU Free Documentation License1272485
++Node: Index1297603
End Tag Table
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of changes:
doc/ChangeLog | 5 +
doc/gawk.info |26091 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
doc/gawk.texi | 2 +
doc/gawktexi.in | 2 +
4 files changed, 13050 insertions(+), 13050 deletions(-)
hooks/post-receive
--
gawk
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- [gawk-diffs] [SCM] gawk branch, master, updated. gawk-4.1.0-1389-g3cb8fca,
Arnold Robbins <=