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[nongnu] elpa/gnuplot d13412973d 1/3: Do not distribute gnuplot.info wit
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From: |
ELPA Syncer |
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Subject: |
[nongnu] elpa/gnuplot d13412973d 1/3: Do not distribute gnuplot.info with gnuplot.el |
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Date: |
Tue, 13 Sep 2022 07:59:17 -0400 (EDT) |
branch: elpa/gnuplot
commit d13412973d08ed3090bd5ffeef8e0680d4b58cb1
Author: Daniel Mendler <mail@daniel-mendler.de>
Commit: Daniel Mendler <mail@daniel-mendler.de>
Do not distribute gnuplot.info with gnuplot.el
The gnuplot.info file can be installed as part of gnuplot.
It is provided for example by the gnuplot-doc package on
Linux distributions like Debian and Ubuntu.
---
gnuplot.info | 22490 ---------------------------------------------------------
1 file changed, 22490 deletions(-)
diff --git a/gnuplot.info b/gnuplot.info
deleted file mode 100644
index 08c4e727a1..0000000000
--- a/gnuplot.info
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22490 +0,0 @@
-This is gnuplot.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.7 from
-gnuplot.texi.
-
-INFO-DIR-SECTION Math
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* GNUPLOT: (gnuplot). An Interactive Plotting Program
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Top, Next: gnuplot, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
-
-Master Menu
-***********
-
- GNUPLOT
-
- An Interactive Plotting Program
- Thomas Williams & Colin Kelley
- Version 5.0 organized by
- Ethan A Merritt with help from many others
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 - 1993, 1998, 2004 Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley
- Copyright (C) 2004 - 2012 various authors
-
- Mailing list for comments: gnuplot-info@lists.sourceforge.net
- Mailing list for bug reports: gnuplot-bugs@lists.sourceforge.net
-
- This manual was originally prepared by Dick Crawford
- Version 5.0 - March 2014
-
-
- Major contributors (alphabetic order):
-
-* Menu:
-
-* gnuplot::
-* plotting_styles::
-* Commands::
-* Terminal_types::
-* Bugs::
-* Concept_Index::
-* Command_Index::
-* Options_Index::
-* Function_Index::
-* Terminal_Index::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gnuplot, Next: plotting_styles, Prev: Top, Up:
Top
-
-1 gnuplot
-*********
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Copyright::
-* Introduction::
-* Seeking-assistance::
-* New_features::
-* Differences_from_version_4::
-* Deprecated_syntax::
-* Demos_and_Online_Examples::
-* Batch/Interactive_Operation::
-* Canvas_size::
-* Command-line-editing::
-* Comments::
-* Coordinates::
-* Datastrings::
-* Enhanced_text_mode::
-* Environment::
-* Expressions::
-* Fonts::
-* Glossary::
-* inline_data_and_datablocks::
-* iteration::
-* linetypes::
-* layers::
-* mouse_input::
-* Persist::
-* Plotting::
-* Start-up_(initialization)::
-* String_constants_and_string_variables::
-* Substitution_and_Command_line_macros::
-* Syntax::
-* Time/Date_data::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Copyright, Next: Introduction, Prev: gnuplot,
Up: gnuplot
-
-1.1 Copyright
-=============
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 - 1993, 1998, 2004, 2007 Thomas Williams, Colin
Kelley
-
-
- Permission to use, copy, and distribute this software and its
-documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted,
-provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
-both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
-supporting documentation.
-
- Permission to modify the software is granted, but not the right to
-distribute the complete modified source code. Modifications are to be
-distributed as patches to the released version. Permission to
-distribute binaries produced by compiling modified sources is granted,
-provided you
- 1. distribute the corresponding source modifications from the
- released version in the form of a patch file along with the binaries,
- 2. add special version identification to distinguish your version
- in addition to the base release version number,
- 3. provide your name and address as the primary contact for the
- support of your modified version, and
- 4. retain our contact information in regard to use of the base software.
-
- Permission to distribute the released version of the source code
-along with corresponding source modifications in the form of a patch
-file is granted with same provisions 2 through 4 for binary
-distributions.
-
- This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty
-to the extent permitted by applicable law.
-
- AUTHORS
- Original Software:
- Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley.
- Gnuplot 2.0 additions:
- Russell Lang, Dave Kotz, John Campbell.
- Gnuplot 3.0 additions:
- Gershon Elber and many others.
- Gnuplot 4.0 and 5.0 additions:
- See list of contributors at head of this document.
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Seeking-assistance, Prev:
Copyright, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.2 Introduction
-================
-
-'Gnuplot' is a portable command-line driven graphing utility for Linux,
-OS/2, MS Windows, OSX, VMS, and many other platforms. The source code
-is copyrighted but freely distributed (i.e., you don't have to pay for
-it). It was originally created to allow scientists and students to
-visualize mathematical functions and data interactively, but has grown
-to support many non-interactive uses such as web scripting. It is also
-used as a plotting engine by third-party applications like Octave.
-Gnuplot has been supported and under active development since 1986.
-
- Gnuplot supports many types of plots in either 2D and 3D. It can draw
-using lines, points, boxes, contours, vector fields, surfaces, and
-various associated text. It also supports various specialized plot
-types.
-
- Gnuplot supports many different types of output: interactive screen
-terminals (with mouse and hotkey input), direct output to pen plotters
-or modern printers, and output to many file formats (eps, emf, fig,
-jpeg, LaTeX, pdf, png, postscript, ...). Gnuplot is easily extensible
-to include new output modes. Recent additions include interactive
-terminals based on wxWidgets (usable on multiple platforms), and Qt.
-Mouseable plots embedded in web pages can be generated using the svg or
-HTML5 canvas terminal drivers.
-
- The command language of 'gnuplot' is case sensitive, i.e. commands
-and function names written in lowercase are not the same as those
-written in capitals. All command names may be abbreviated as long as
-the abbreviation is not ambiguous. Any number of commands may appear on
-a line, separated by semicolons (;). Strings may be set off by either
-single or double quotes, although there are some subtle differences.
-See 'syntax' and 'quotes' for more details. Example:
-
- set title "My First Plot"; plot 'data'; print "all done!"
-
-
- Commands may extend over several input lines by ending each line but
-the last with a backslash (\). The backslash must be the _last_
-character on each line. The effect is as if the backslash and newline
-were not there. That is, no white space is implied, nor is a comment
-terminated. Therefore, commenting out a continued line comments out the
-entire command (see 'comments'). But note that if an error occurs
-somewhere on a multi-line command, the parser may not be able to locate
-precisely where the error is and in that case will not necessarily point
-to the correct line.
-
- In this document, curly braces ({}) denote optional arguments and a
-vertical bar (|) separates mutually exclusive choices. 'Gnuplot'
-keywords or *note help:: topics are indicated by backquotes or
-'boldface' (where available). Angle brackets (<>) are used to mark
-replaceable tokens. In many cases, a default value of the token will be
-taken for optional arguments if the token is omitted, but these cases
-are not always denoted with braces around the angle brackets.
-
- For built-in help on any topic, type *note help:: followed by the
-name of the topic or 'help ?' to get a menu of available topics.
-
- A large set of demo plots is available on the web page
-http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/ (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/) When run
-from command line, gnuplot is invoked using the syntax
- gnuplot {OPTIONS} file1 file2 ...
-
- where file1, file2, etc. are input file as in the 'load' command.
-On X11-based systems, you can use
- gnuplot {X11OPTIONS} {OPTIONS} file1 file2 ...
-
- see your X11 documentation and 'x11' in this document.
-
- Options interpreted by gnuplot may come anywhere on the line. Files
-are executed in the order specified, as are commands supplied by the -e
-option, for example
- gnuplot file1.in -e "reset" file2.in
-
-
- The special filename "-" is used to force reading from stdin.
-'Gnuplot' exits after the last file is processed. If no load files are
-named, 'Gnuplot' takes interactive input from stdin. See help
-'batch/interactive' for more details. The options specific to gnuplot
-can be listed by typing
- gnuplot --help
-
- See 'command line options' for more details.
-
- In sessions with an interactive plot window you can hit 'h' anywhere
-on the plot for help about 'hotkeys' and 'mousing' features. Section
-'seeking-assistance' will help you to find further information, help and
-FAQ.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Seeking-assistance, Next: New_features, Prev:
Introduction, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.3 Seeking-assistance
-======================
-
-The canonical gnuplot web page can be found at http://www.gnuplot.info
-(http://www.gnuplot.info)
-
- Before seeking help, please check file FAQ.pdf or the above website
-for FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) list.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/faq/)
-
- If you need help as a gnuplot user, please use the newsgroup
- comp.graphics.apps.gnuplot
-
-
- Instructions for subscribing to gnuplot mailing lists may be found
-via the gnuplot development website on SourceForge
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuplot
-(http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuplot)
-
- Please note that before you write to any of the gnuplot mailing
-lists, you have to subscribe to the list first. This is necessary to
-keep the spam level down.
-
- The address for mailing to list members is:
- gnuplot-info@lists.sourceforge.net
-
-
- Bug reports and code contributions should be uploaded to the trackers
-at
- http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuplot/support
-
- Please check previous bug reports if the bug you want to report has
-not been already fixed in a newer version.
-
- A mailing list for those interested in development version of gnuplot
-is:
- gnuplot-beta@lists.sourceforge.net
-
-
- When posting a question, please include full details of the gnuplot
-version, the terminal type, and the operating system you are using. A
-short self-contained script demonstrating the problem is often helpful.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: New_features, Next: Differences_from_version_4,
Prev: Seeking-assistance, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.4 New features
-================
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Features_introduced_in_version_5.2::
-* Features_introduced_in_version_5.0::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2, Next:
Features_introduced_in_version_5.0, Prev: New_features, Up: New_features
-
-1.4.1 Features introduced in version 5.2
-----------------------------------------
-
-Version 5.2 is the current stable release series for gnuplot. The
-following list of new features is up to date as of May 2017.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* New_plot_styles_and_style_options::
-* New_data_pre-processing_filters::
-* Polar_mode_improvements_and_extensions::
-* Nonlinear_coordinates_systems::
-* New_commands_and_command_options::
-* New_data_type_"array"::
-* New_terminals_and_terminal_options::
-* Other_new_features::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: New_plot_styles_and_style_options, Next:
New_data_pre-processing_filters, Prev: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2,
Up: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.1 New plot styles and style options
-.........................................
-
- * 3D plot style *note zerrorfill::. See *note zerrorfill::,
- 'fenceplots' and zerror demo.
- (http://gnuplot.info/demo_5.2/zerror.html)
- * Beeswarm plots. See *note jitter::, 'beeswarm' and beeswarm plot
- demo (http://gnuplot.info/demo_5.2/jitter.html)
- * The symbol used for individual points in a plot can be controlled
- by data values (see 'pointtype variable')
- * Extra lines to customize the key can be added by substituting
- 'keyentry' in place of a filename or function in 'plot' and 'splot'
- commands. This produces a line in the key without generating a
- corresponding plot. See 'keyentry'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: New_data_pre-processing_filters, Next:
Polar_mode_improvements_and_extensions, Prev:
New_plot_styles_and_style_options, Up: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.2 New data pre-processing filters
-.......................................
-
- * Normalized frequency of occurrence in a data set (see 'smooth
- fnormal')
- * Automated binning of data (see *note bins::)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Polar_mode_improvements_and_extensions, Next:
Nonlinear_coordinates_systems, Prev: New_data_pre-processing_filters, Up:
Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.3 Polar mode improvements and extensions
-..............................................
-
- * Polar coordinates may be used in label, arrow, and object
- definitions
- * 'set [m]ttics' places ticmarks and labels on the perimeter of a
- polar plot. See polar axis and ticlabels demo
- (http://gnuplot.info/demo_5.2/ttics.html)
- * *note rlabel:: places a label above the r axis
- * Inverted *note rrange:: (i.e. set rrange [90:0]) allows use of
- celestial horizontal coordinates. See solar path demo
- (http://gnuplot.info/demo_5.2/solar_path.html)
- * 'set border polar' draws a solid line around the perimeter of a
- polar plot
- * *note theta:: controls the position of theta = 0 around the
- perimeter of a polar plot and the sense (clockwise or
- anti-clockwise) of increasing theta
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Nonlinear_coordinates_systems, Next:
New_commands_and_command_options, Prev:
Polar_mode_improvements_and_extensions, Up: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.4 Nonlinear coordinates systems
-.....................................
-
- * Any plot axis can be assigned a pair of functions, possibly
- nonlinear, that describe the forward and reverse mapping to a
- linear range (see *note nonlinear::) Nonlinear x/y axis demo
- (http://gnuplot.info/demo_5.2/nonlinear3.html)
- * The familiar command *note logscale:: is re-implemented as a
- special case of a nonlinear axis where the paired functions are
- log(x) and exp(x).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: New_commands_and_command_options, Next:
New_data_type_"array", Prev: Nonlinear_coordinates_systems, Up:
Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.5 New commands and command options
-........................................
-
- * Inside the bracketed clause of an iteration, 'continue' jumps
- immediately to the next iteration, 'break' immediately exits from
- the iteration
- * 'toggle {<plotno> | "plottitle" | all}"' interactively enables or
- disables display of one element of the current plot (see *note
- toggle::)
- * *note fit:: replaces deprecated command *note update::
- * 'set table "outfile.name" append' will append subsequent tabulated
- plots to an existing text file rather replacing its contents
- * *note lighting:: describes a lighting model with specular
- highlighting (see *note lighting::)
- * *note minussign:: tells gnuplot to use a special symbol in the
- current encoding to replace the ascii character '-' in negative
- numbers
- * *note micro:: tells gnuplot to use a special symbol in the current
- encoding to replace the ascii character 'u' for the scientific
- notation prefix "micro" The special typographic symbols for micro
- and minussign are used only in axis tic labels and strings
- explicitly created with gprintf(). The byte sequence used to
- represent these characters depends on the current encoding.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: New_data_type_"array", Next:
New_terminals_and_terminal_options, Prev: New_commands_and_command_options,
Up: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.6 New data type "array"
-.............................
-
- * This gnuplot version introduces a new data type 'array name[size]'.
- An array must be declared before use. Each array element A[i] may
- be a string, an integer, a real number, or a complex value. A
- single array may contain elements with different types. The
- cardinality operator |A| returns the size of array A. See 'arrays'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: New_terminals_and_terminal_options, Next:
Other_new_features, Prev: New_data_type_"array", Up:
Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.7 New terminals and terminal options
-..........................................
-
- * See 'sixelgd' for description of a new terminal that supports
- interleaving plots with the command lines that generated them if
- gnuplot is run inside a vt340-compatible terminal emulator
- * The 'domterm' terminal supports interleaving plots with the command
- lines that generated them if gnuplot is run inside an svg-aware
- terminal emulator
- * The 'windows' terminal supports saving the current graph to a
- bitmap file
- * The 'windows' terminal graph window can be docked to the wgnuplot
- text window
- * New (experimental) Direct2D/DirectWrite backend for the 'windows'
- terminal
- * The 'wxt' terminal supports exporting to an EMF file or printer on
- Windows
- * The 'dumb' terminal supports ANSI colors for lines and fill area
- * The 'tkcanvas' terminal has been rewritten to support many more
- modern gnuplot features, as well as new languages. (Since 5.0.3)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Other_new_features, Prev:
New_terminals_and_terminal_options, Up: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2
-
-1.4.1.8 Other new features
-..........................
-
- * An additional rotation angle *note azimuth:: affects the
- orientation of 3D plots. This can be set from the command line
- (see *note azimuth::) or by dragging with the right mouse button.
- * gnuplot running under Windows can interpret Unicode (BMP) input
- scripts by converting them to the current encoding from *note
- encoding::, including UTF-8
- * Textboxes can be assigned a border color and fill color (see 'set
- style textbox')
- * Customized plot legends (see *note title::, 'set key', 'multiple
- keys')
- * A sampling range specifier for plotting with pseudofile '+' can
- include a sampling interval. For example: plot sample [t=0:100:10]
- '+' using (t):(1):(label[t]) with labels
- * Pseudo-file '++' generates samples on the u and v axes, rather than
- x and y. This allows placement of multiple parametric surfaces in
- 3D that occupy distinct regions of Cartesian space. See
- 'sampling.dem'.
- * ^R initiates a reverse-search through the history for the built-in
- readline which is used on Windows, too, see 'command-line-editing'.
- * Revised printing support on Windows using 'set output "PRN"', see
- 'windows printing'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Features_introduced_in_version_5.0, Prev:
Features_introduced_in_version_5.2, Up: New_features
-
-1.4.2 Features introduced in version 5.0
-----------------------------------------
-
- * The dot-dash pattern of a line can now be specified independent of
- other line properties. See *note dashtype::, *note dashtype::,
- 'set linetype'
- * The default sequence of colors used for successive elements in a
- plot is more easily distinguished by users with color-vision
- defects. The color sequence is under user control (see *note
- colorsequence::). This mechanism can also be used to generate
- monochrome plots (see *note monochrome::). In previous gnuplot
- versions *note monochrome:: could only be selected when changing
- the current terminal via *note terminal::.
- * New plot styles *note parallelaxes::, *note table::, and labeled
- contours.
- * New data pre-processing filter for monotonic cubic splines (see
- 'smooth mcsplines')
- * Text markup now supports bold and italic font settings in addition
- to subscript, superscript, font size and other previously available
- properties. Enhanced text mode is now enabled by default. See
- 'enhanced text'. Text elements can be enclosed in a box (see 'set
- style textbox').
- * Interactive terminals support hypertext labels that only appear
- when the mouse hovers over the label's anchor point.
- * New coordinate system (Degrees, Minutes, Seconds). See *note
- geographic::.
- * The default format for axis labels is "% h" ("$%h$" for LaTeX
- terminals). This format is like the C standard format %g except
- that the exponential term, if present, is written using a
- superscript. E.g. 1.2 x 10^5 rather than 1.2E05.
- * Command scripts may place in-line data in a named data block for
- repeated plotting. See 'inline data'.
- * Support for 32-bit Alpha channel + RGB color #AARRGGBB. See *note
- colorspec::.
- * Support for HSV color space via a translation function
- hsv2rgb(H,S,V).
- * Secondary axes (x2, y2) may be locked to the primary axis via a
- mapping function. In the simplest case this guarantees that the
- primary and secondary axis ranges are identical. In the general
- case it allows you to define a non-linear axis, something that
- previously was possible only for log scaling. See *note link::.
- * Each function in a plot command may optionally be preceded by a
- sampling range. This does not affect the overall range of the
- plot, only the range over which this function is sampled. See
- 'plot' and 'piecewise.dem'.
- * If the external library libcerf is available, it is used to provide
- complex math routines cerf, cdawson, erfi, faddeeva, and the Voigt
- profile VP(x,sigma,gamma).
- * The *note import:: command attaches a user-defined function name to
- a function provided by an external shared object (support is
- operating-system dependent). A template header and example source
- and make files for creating a suitable external shared object are
- provided in the demo collection.
- * Previous commands in the history list of an interactive session can
- be reexecuted by number. For example, 'history !5' will reexecute
- the command numbered 5 in the 'history' list.
- * Bit-shift operators >> and <<.
- * Shell invocation of gnuplot can pass parameters to a gnuplot
- script. gnuplot -c scriptfile.gp ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ...
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Differences_from_version_4, Next:
Deprecated_syntax, Prev: New_features, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.5 Differences from version 4
-==============================
-
-Some changes introduced in version 5 may cause certain scripts written
-for earlier versions of gnuplot to behave differently.
-
- * Revised handling of input data containing NaN, inconsistent number
-of data columns, or other unexpected content. See Note under 'missing'
-for examples and figures.
-
- * Time coordinates are stored internally as the number of seconds
-relative to the standard unix epoch 1-Jan-1970. Earlier versions of
-gnuplot used a different epoch internally (1-Jan-2000). This change
-resolves inconsistencies introduced whenever time in seconds was
-generated externally. The epoch convention used by a particular gnuplot
-installation can be determined using the command 'print
-strftime("%F",0)'. Time is now stored to at least millisecond
-precision.
-
- * The function 'timecolumn(N,"timeformat")' now has 2 parameters.
-Because the new second parameter is not associated with any particular
-data axis, this allows using the *note timecolumn:: function to read
-time data for reasons other than specifying the x or y coordinate. This
-functionality replaces the command sequence 'set xdata time; set timefmt
-"timeformat"'. It allows combining time data read from multiple files
-with different formats within a single plot.
-
- * The 'reverse' keyword of the 'set [axis]range' command affects only
-autoscaling. It does not invert or otherwise alter the meaning of a
-command such as 'set xrange [0:1]'. If you want to reverse the
-direction of the x axis in such a case, say instead 'set xrange [1:0]'.
-
- * The *note call:: command is provides a set of variables ARGC, ARG0,
-..., ARG9. ARG0 holds the name of the script file being executed. ARG1
-to ARG9 are string variables and thus may either be referenced directly
-or expanded as macros, e.g. @ARG1. The contents of ARG0 ... ARG9 may
-alternatively be accessed as array elements ARGV[0] ... ARGV[ARGC]. An
-older gnuplot convention of referencing call parameters as tokens $0 ...
-$9 is deprecated.
-
- * The optional bandwidth for the kernel density smoothing option is
-taken from a keyword rather than a data column. See 'smooth kdensity'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Deprecated_syntax, Next:
Demos_and_Online_Examples, Prev: Differences_from_version_4, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.6 Deprecated syntax
-=====================
-
-Gnuplot version 4 deprecated certain syntax used in earlier versions but
-provided a configuration option that allowed backward compatibility.
-Support for the old syntax has now been removed.
-
- Deprecated in version 4 and removed in version 5:
- set title "Old" 0,-1
- set data linespoints
- plot 1 2 4 # horizontal line at y=1
-
- Current equivalent:
- TITLE = "New"
- set title TITLE offset char 0, char -1
- set style data linespoints
- plot 1 linetype 2 pointtype 4
-
- Deprecated, present in version 5.0 if configured
--enable-backwards-compatibility
- if (defined(VARNAME)) ...
- set style increment user
- plot 'file' thru f(x)
- call 'script' 1.23 ABC
- (in script: print $0, "$1", "number of args = $#")
-
- Current equivalent:
- if (exists("VARNAME")) ...
- set linetype
- plot 'file' using 1:(f(column(2)))
- call 'script' 1.23 "ABC"
- (in script: print ARG1, ARG2, "number of args = ", ARGC
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Demos_and_Online_Examples, Next:
Batch/Interactive_Operation, Prev: Deprecated_syntax, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.7 Demos and Online Examples
-=============================
-
-The 'gnuplot' distribution contains a collection of examples in the
-'demo' directory. You can browse on-line versions of these examples
-produced by the png, svg, and canvas terminals at
-http://gnuplot.info/demos (http://gnuplot.info/demos/) The commands that
-produced each demo plot are shown next to the plot, and the
-corresponding gnuplot script can be downloaded to serve as a model for
-generating similar plots.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Batch/Interactive_Operation, Next: Canvas_size,
Prev: Demos_and_Online_Examples, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.8 Batch/Interactive Operation
-===============================
-
-'Gnuplot' may be executed in either batch or interactive modes, and the
-two may even be mixed together on many systems.
-
- Any command-line arguments are assumed to be either program options
-(first character is -) or names of files containing 'gnuplot' commands.
-The option -e "command" may be used to force execution of a gnuplot
-command. Each file or command string will be executed in the order
-specified. The special filename "-" is indicates that commands are to
-be read from stdin. 'Gnuplot' exits after the last file is processed.
-If no load files and no command strings are specified, 'gnuplot' accepts
-interactive input from stdin.
-
- Both the *note exit:: and *note quit:: commands terminate the current
-command file and 'load' the next one, until all have been processed.
-
- Examples:
-
- To launch an interactive session:
- gnuplot
-
-
- To launch a batch session using two command files "input1" and
-"input2":
- gnuplot input1 input2
-
-
- To launch an interactive session after an initialization file
-"header" and followed by another command file "trailer":
- gnuplot header - trailer
-
-
- To give 'gnuplot' commands directly in the command line, using the
-"-persist" option so that the plot remains on the screen afterwards:
- gnuplot -persist -e "set title 'Sine curve'; plot sin(x)"
-
-
- To set user-defined variables a and s prior to executing commands
-from a file:
- gnuplot -e "a=2; s='file.png'" input.gpl
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Canvas_size, Next: Command-line-editing, Prev:
Batch/Interactive_Operation, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.9 Canvas size
-===============
-
-In earlier versions of gnuplot, some terminal types used the values from
-*note size:: to control also the size of the output canvas; others did
-not. The use of 'set size' for this purpose was deprecated in version
-4.2. Almost all terminals now behave as follows:
-
- 'set term <terminal_type> size <XX>, <YY>' controls the size of the
-output file, or "canvas". By default, the plot will fill this canvas.
-
- 'set size <XX>, <YY>' scales the plot itself relative to the size of
-the canvas. Scale values less than 1 will cause the plot to not fill
-the entire canvas. Scale values larger than 1 will cause only a portion
-of the plot to fit on the canvas. Please be aware that setting scale
-values larger than 1 may cause problems.
-
- The major exception to this convention is the PostScript driver,
-which by default continues to act as it did in earlier versions. Be
-warned that some future version of gnuplot may change the default
-behaviour of the PostScript driver as well.
-
- Example:
-
- set size 0.5, 0.5
- set term png size 600, 400
- set output "figure.png"
- plot "data" with lines
-
-
- These commands produce an output file "figure.png" that is 600 pixels
-wide and 400 pixels tall. The plot will fill the lower left quarter of
-this canvas. This is consistent with the way multiplot mode has always
-worked.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Command-line-editing, Next: Comments, Prev:
Canvas_size, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.10 Command-line-editing
-=========================
-
-Command-line editing and command history are supported using either an
-external gnu readline library, an external BSD libedit library, or a
-built-in equivalent. This choice is a configuration option at the time
-gnuplot is built.
-
- The editing commands of the built-in version are given below. Please
-note that the action of the DEL key is system-dependent. The gnu
-readline and BSD libedit libraries have their own documentation.
-
- `Line-editing`:
-
-
- ^B moves back a single character.
- ^F moves forward a single character.
- ^A moves to the beginning of the line.
- ^E moves to the end of the line.
- ^H deletes the previous character.
- DEL deletes the current character.
- ^D deletes current character, sends EOF if the line is empty.
- ^K deletes from current position to the end of line.
- ^L redraws line in case it gets trashed.
- ^U deletes the entire line.
- ^W deletes previous word.
- ^V inhibits the interpretation of the following key as editing
command.
- TAB performs filename-completion.
-
-
- `History`:
-
-
- ^P moves back through history.
- ^N moves forward through history.
- ^R starts a backward-search.
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Comments, Next: Coordinates, Prev:
Command-line-editing, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.11 Comments
-=============
-
-The comment character '#' may appear almost anywhere in a command line,
-and 'gnuplot' will ignore the rest of that line. A '#' does not have
-this effect inside a quoted string. Note that if a commented line ends
-in '\' then the subsequent line is also treated as part of the comment.
-
- See also 'set datafile commentschars' for specifying a comment
-character for data files.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Coordinates, Next: Datastrings, Prev: Comments,
Up: gnuplot
-
-1.12 Coordinates
-================
-
-The commands *note arrow::, 'set key', 'set label' and *note object::
-allow you to draw something at an arbitrary position on the graph. This
-position is specified by the syntax:
-
- {<system>} <x>, {<system>} <y> {,{<system>} <z>}
-
-
- Each <system> can either be 'first', 'second', 'polar', 'graph',
-'screen', or 'character'.
-
- 'first' places the x, y, or z coordinate in the system defined by the
-left and bottom axes; 'second' places it in the system defined by the
-x2,y2 axes (top and right); 'graph' specifies the area within the
-axes--0,0 is bottom left and 1,1 is top right (for splot, 0,0,0 is
-bottom left of plotting area; use negative z to get to the base--see
-*note xyplane::); 'screen' specifies the screen area (the entire
-area--not just the portion selected by *note size::), with 0,0 at bottom
-left and 1,1 at top right. 'character' coordinates are used primarily
-for offsets, not absoute positions. The 'character' vertical and
-horizontal size depend on the current font.
-
- 'polar' causes the first two values to be interpreted as angle theta
-and radius r rather than as x and y. This could be used, for example,
-to place labels on a 2D plot in polar coordinates or a 3D plot in
-cylindrical coordinates.
-
- If the coordinate system for x is not specified, 'first' is used. If
-the system for y is not specified, the one used for x is adopted.
-
- In some cases, the given coordinate is not an absolute position but a
-relative value (e.g., the second position in *note arrow:: ... 'rto').
-In most cases, the given value serves as difference to the first
-position. If the given coordinate belongs to a log-scaled axis, a
-relative value is interpreted as multiplier. For example,
-
- set logscale x
- set arrow 100,5 rto 10,2
-
-
- plots an arrow from position 100,5 to position 1000,7 since the x
-axis is logarithmic while the y axis is linear.
-
- If one (or more) axis is timeseries, the appropriate coordinate
-should be given as a quoted time string according to the *note timefmt::
-format string. See *note xdata:: and *note timefmt::. 'Gnuplot' will
-also accept an integer expression, which will be interpreted as seconds
-relative to 1 January 1970.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Datastrings, Next: Enhanced_text_mode, Prev:
Coordinates, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.13 Datastrings
-================
-
-Data files may contain string data consisting of either an arbitrary
-string of printable characters containing no whitespace or an arbitrary
-string of characters, possibly including whitespace, delimited by double
-quotes. The following line from a datafile is interpreted to contain
-four columns, with a text field in column 3:
-
- 1.000 2.000 "Third column is all of this text" 4.00
-
-
- Text fields can be positioned within a 2-D or 3-D plot using the
-commands:
-
- plot 'datafile' using 1:2:4 with labels
- splot 'datafile' using 1:2:3:4 with labels
-
-
- A column of text data can also be used to label the ticmarks along
-one or more of the plot axes. The example below plots a line through a
-series of points with (X,Y) coordinates taken from columns 3 and 4 of
-the input datafile. However, rather than generating regularly spaced
-tics along the x axis labeled numerically, gnuplot will position a tic
-mark along the x axis at the X coordinate of each point and label the
-tic mark with text taken from column 1 of the input datafile.
-
- set xtics
- plot 'datafile' using 3:4:xticlabels(1) with linespoints
-
-
- There is also an option that will interpret the first entry in a
-column of input data (i.e. the column heading) as a text field, and use
-it as the key title for data plotted from that column. The example
-given below will use the first entry in column 2 to generate a title in
-the key box, while processing the remainder of columns 2 and 4 to draw
-the required line:
-
- plot 'datafile' using 1:(f($2)/$4) with lines title columnhead(2)
-
-
- Another example:
-
- plot for [i=2:6] 'datafile' using i title "Results for ".columnhead(i)
-
-
- This use of column headings is automated by *note columnhead::. See
-*note labels::, 'using xticlabels', *note title::, *note using::, 'key
-autotitle'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Enhanced_text_mode, Next: Environment, Prev:
Datastrings, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.14 Enhanced text mode
-=======================
-
-Many terminal types support an enhanced text mode in which additional
-formatting information is embedded in the text string. For example,
-"x^2" will write x-squared as we are used to seeing it, with a
-superscript 2. This mode is selected by default when you set the
-terminal, but may be toggled afterward using "set termoption
-[no]enhanced", or by marking individual strings as in "set label 'x_2'
-noenhanced".
-
- Control Examples Explanation
- ^ a^x superscript
- _ a_x subscript
- @ @x or a@^b_{cd} phantom box (occupies no width)
- & &{space} inserts space of specified length
- ~ ~a{.8-} overprints '-' on 'a', raised by .8
- times the current fontsize
- {/Times abc} print abc in font Times at current size
- {/Times*2 abc} print abc in font Times at twice current
size
- {/Times:Italic abc} print abc in font Times with style italic
- {/Arial:Bold=20 abc} print abc in boldface Arial font size 20
-
-
- The markup control characers act on the following single character or
-bracketed clause. The bracketed clause may contain a string of
-characters with no additional markup, e.g. 2^{10}, or it may contain
-additional markup that changes font properties. This example
-illustrates nesting one bracketed clause inside another to produce a
-boldface A with an italic subscript i, all in the current font. If the
-clause introduced by :Normal were omitted the subscript would be both
-italic and boldface.
- {/:Bold A_{/:Normal{/:Italic i}}}
-
- Font specifiers MUST be preceeded by a '/' character that immediately
-follows the opening '{'.
-
- The phantom box is useful for a@^b_c to align superscripts and
-subscripts but does not work well for overwriting an accent on a letter.
-For the latter, it is much better to use an encoding (e.g. iso_8859_1
-or utf8) that contains a large variety of letters with accents or other
-diacritical marks. See *note encoding::. Since the box is non-spacing,
-it is sensible to put the shorter of the subscript or superscript in the
-box (that is, after the @).
-
- Space equal in length to a string can be inserted using the '&'
-character. Thus
- 'abc&{def}ghi'
-
- would produce
- 'abc ghi'.
-
-
- The '~' character causes the next character or bracketed text to be
-overprinted by the following character or bracketed text. The second
-text will be horizontally centered on the first. Thus '~a/' will result
-in an 'a' with a slash through it. You can also shift the second text
-vertically by preceding the second text with a number, which will define
-the fraction of the current fontsize by which the text will be raised or
-lowered. In this case the number and text must be enclosed in brackets
-because more than one character is necessary. If the overprinted text
-begins with a number, put a space between the vertical offset and the
-text ('~{abc}{.5 000}'); otherwise no space is needed ('~{abc}{.5--}').
-You can change the font for one or both strings ('~a{.5 /*.2 o}'--an 'a'
-with a one-fifth-size 'o' on top--and the space between the number and
-the slash is necessary), but you can't change it after the beginning of
-the string. Neither can you use any other special syntax within either
-string. You can, of course, use control characters by escaping them
-(see below), such as '~a{\^}'
-
- You can specify special symbols numerically by giving a character
-code in octal, e.g. {/Symbol \245} is the symbol for infinity in the
-Adobe Symbol font. This does not work for multibyte encodings like
-UTF-8, however. In a UTF-8 environment, you should be able to enter
-multibyte sequences implicitly by typing or otherwise selecting the
-character you want.
-
- You can escape control characters using \, e.g., \\, \{, and so on.
-
- Note that strings in double-quotes are parsed differently than those
-enclosed in single-quotes. The major difference is that backslashes may
-need to be doubled when in double-quoted strings.
-
- The file "ps_guide.ps" in the /docs/psdoc subdirectory of the gnuplot
-source distribution contains more examples of the enhanced syntax, as
-does the demo 'enhanced_utf8.dem'
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/enhanced_utf8.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Environment, Next: Expressions, Prev:
Enhanced_text_mode, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.15 Environment
-================
-
-A number of shell environment variables are understood by 'gnuplot'.
-None of these are required, but may be useful.
-
- GNUTERM, if defined, is used to set the terminal type on start-up.
-Starting with version 5.2 the entire string in GNUTERM is passed to "set
-term" so that terminal options may be included. E.g.
- GNUTERM="postscript eps color size 5in, 3in"
-
- This can be overridden by the ~/.gnuplot (or equivalent) start-up
-file (see 'startup') and of course by later explicit 'set term'
-commands.
-
- GNUHELP may be defined to be the pathname of the HELP file
-(gnuplot.gih).
-
- On VMS, the logical name GNUPLOT$HELP should be defined as the name
-of the help library for 'gnuplot'. The 'gnuplot' help can be put inside
-any VMS system help library.
-
- On Unix, HOME is used as the name of a directory to search for a
-.gnuplot file if none is found in the current directory. On MS-DOS,
-Windows and OS/2, GNUPLOT is used. On Windows, the NT-specific variable
-USERPROFILE is also tried. VMS, SYS$LOGIN: is used. Type 'help
-startup'.
-
- On Unix, PAGER is used as an output filter for help messages.
-
- On Unix, SHELL is used for the *note shell:: command. On MS-DOS and
-OS/2, COMSPEC is used for the *note shell:: command.
-
- 'FIT_SCRIPT' may be used to specify a 'gnuplot' command to be
-executed when a fit is interrupted--see *note fit::. 'FIT_LOG'
-specifies the default filename of the logfile maintained by fit.
-
- GNUPLOT_LIB may be used to define additional search directories for
-data and command files. The variable may contain a single directory
-name, or a list of directories separated by a platform-specific path
-separator, eg. ':' on Unix, or ';' on DOS/Windows/OS/2 platforms. The
-contents of GNUPLOT_LIB are appended to the *note loadpath:: variable,
-but not saved with the *note save:: and 'save set' commands.
-
- Several gnuplot terminal drivers access TrueType fonts via the gd
-library. For these drivers the font search path is controlled by the
-environmental variable GDFONTPATH. Furthermore, a default font for these
-drivers may be set via the environmental variable
-GNUPLOT_DEFAULT_GDFONT.
-
- The postscript terminal uses its own font search path. It is
-controlled by the environmental variable GNUPLOT_FONTPATH. The format is
-the same as for GNUPLOT_LIB. The contents of GNUPLOT_FONTPATH are
-appended to the *note fontpath:: variable, but not saved with the *note
-save:: and 'save set' commands.
-
- GNUPLOT_PS_DIR is used by the postscript driver to search for
-external prologue files. Depending on the build process, gnuplot
-contains either a built-in copy of those files or a default hardcoded
-path. You can use this variable have the postscript terminal use custom
-prologue files rather than the default files. See 'postscript
-prologue'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Expressions, Next: Fonts, Prev: Environment, Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.16 Expressions
-================
-
-In general, any mathematical expression accepted by C, FORTRAN, Pascal,
-or BASIC is valid. The precedence of these operators is determined by
-the specifications of the C programming language. White space (spaces
-and tabs) is ignored inside expressions.
-
- Note that gnuplot uses both "real" and "integer" arithmetic, like
-FORTRAN and C. Integers are entered as "1", "-10", etc; reals as "1.0",
-"-10.0", "1e1", 3.5e-1, etc. The most important difference between the
-two forms is in division: division of integers truncates: 5/2 = 2;
-division of reals does not: 5.0/2.0 = 2.5. In mixed expressions,
-integers are "promoted" to reals before evaluation: 5/2e0 = 2.5. The
-result of division of a negative integer by a positive one may vary
-among compilers. Try a test like "print -5/2" to determine if your
-system always rounds down (-5/2 yields -3) or always rounds toward zero
-(-5/2 yields -2).
-
- The integer expression "1/0" may be used to generate an "undefined"
-flag, which causes a point to be ignored. Or you can use the
-pre-defined variable NaN to achieve the same result. See *note using::
-for an example.
-
- Gnuplot can also perform simple operations on strings and string
-variables. For example, the expression ("A" . "B" eq "AB") evaluates
-as true, illustrating the string concatenation operator and the string
-equality operator.
-
- A string which contains a numerical value is promoted to the
-corresponding integer or real value if used in a numerical expression.
-Thus ("3" + "4" == 7) and (6.78 == "6.78") both evaluate to true. An
-integer, but not a real or complex value, is promoted to a string if
-used in string concatenation. A typical case is the use of integers to
-construct file names or other strings; e.g. ("file" . 4 eq "file4") is
-true.
-
- Substrings can be specified using a postfixed range descriptor
-[beg:end]. For example, "ABCDEF"[3:4] == "CD" and "ABCDEF"[4:*] ==
-"DEF" The syntax "string"[beg:end] is exactly equivalent to calling the
-built-in string-valued function substr("string",beg,end), except that
-you cannot omit either beg or end from the function call.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Complex_arithmetic::
-* Constants::
-* Functions::
-* Operators::
-* Summation::
-* Gnuplot-defined_variables::
-* User-defined_variables_and_functions::
-* Arrays::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Complex_arithmetic, Next: Constants, Prev:
Expressions, Up: Expressions
-
-1.16.1 Complex arithmetic
--------------------------
-
-Arithmetic operations and most built-in functions support the use of
-complex arguments. Complex constants are expressed as {<real>,<imag>},
-where <real> and <imag> must be numerical constants. Thus {0,1}
-represents 'i'. The real and imaginary components of complex value x
-can be extracted as real(x) and imag(x). The modulus is given by
-abs(x).
-
- Gnuplot's standard 2D and 3D plot styles can plot only real values;
-if you need to plot a complex-valued function f(x) with non-zero
-imaginary components you must choose between plotting real(f(x)) or
-abs(f(x)). For examples of representing complex values using color, see
-the complex trigonometric function demos (complex_trig.dem)
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/complex_trig.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Constants, Next: Functions, Prev:
Complex_arithmetic, Up: Expressions
-
-1.16.2 Constants
-----------------
-
-Integer constants are interpreted via the C library routine strtoll().
-This means that constants beginning with "0" are interpreted as octal,
-and constants beginning with "0x" or "0X" are interpreted as
-hexadecimal.
-
- Floating point constants are interpreted via the C library routine
-atof().
-
- Complex constants are expressed as {<real>,<imag>}, where <real> and
-<imag> must be numerical constants. For example, {3,2} represents 3 +
-2i; {0,1} represents 'i' itself. The curly braces are explicitly
-required here.
-
- String constants consist of any sequence of characters enclosed
-either in single quotes or double quotes. The distinction between
-single and double quotes is important. See 'quotes'.
-
- Examples:
- 1 -10 0xffaabb # integer constants
- 1.0 -10. 1e1 3.5e-1 # floating point constants
- {1.2, -3.4} # complex constant
- "Line 1\nLine 2" # string constant (\n is expanded to newline)
- '123\n456' # string constant (\ and n are ordinary
characters)
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Functions, Next: Operators, Prev: Constants, Up:
Expressions
-
-1.16.3 Functions
-----------------
-
-Arguments to math functions in 'gnuplot' can be integer, real, or
-complex unless otherwise noted. Functions that accept or return angles
-(e.g. sin(x)) treat angle values as radians, but this may be changed to
-degrees using the command *note angles::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* abs::
-* acos::
-* acosh::
-* airy::
-* arg::
-* asin::
-* asinh::
-* atan::
-* atan2::
-* atanh::
-* EllipticK::
-* EllipticE::
-* EllipticPi::
-* besj0::
-* besj1::
-* besy0::
-* besy1::
-* ceil::
-* cos::
-* cosh::
-* erf::
-* erfc::
-* exp::
-* expint::
-* floor::
-* gamma::
-* ibeta::
-* inverf::
-* igamma::
-* imag::
-* invnorm::
-* int::
-* lambertw::
-* lgamma::
-* log::
-* log10::
-* norm::
-* rand::
-* real::
-* sgn::
-* sin::
-* sinh::
-* sqrt::
-* tan::
-* tanh::
-* voigt::
-* cerf::
-* cdawson::
-* faddeeva::
-* erfi::
-* Voigt_Profile::
-* gprintf::
-* sprintf::
-* strlen::
-* strstrt::
-* substr::
-* strftime::
-* strptime::
-* system::
-* word::
-* words::
-* column::
-* columnhead::
-* exists::
-* hsv2rgb::
-* stringcolumn::
-* timecolumn::
-* tm_hour::
-* tm_mday::
-* tm_min::
-* tm_mon::
-* tm_sec::
-* tm_wday::
-* tm_yday::
-* tm_year::
-* time::
-* valid::
-* elliptic_integrals::
-* Random_number_generator::
-* value::
-* Counting_and_extracting_words::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: abs, Next: acos, Prev: Functions, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.1 abs
-............
-
-The 'abs(x)' function returns the absolute value of its argument. The
-returned value is of the same type as the argument.
-
- For complex arguments, abs(x) is defined as the length of x in the
-complex plane [i.e., sqrt(real(x)**2 + imag(x)**2) ]. This is also
-known as the norm or complex modulus of x.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: acos, Next: acosh, Prev: abs, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.2 acos
-.............
-
-The 'acos(x)' function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of its
-argument. 'acos' returns its argument in radians or degrees, as
-selected by *note angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: acosh, Next: airy, Prev: acos, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.3 acosh
-..............
-
-The 'acosh(x)' function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of its
-argument in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: airy, Next: arg, Prev: acosh, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.4 airy
-.............
-
-The 'airy(x)' function returns the value of the Airy function Ai(x) of
-its argument. The function Ai(x) is that solution of the equation y" -
-x y = 0 which is everywhere finite. If the argument is complex, its
-imaginary part is ignored.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: arg, Next: asin, Prev: airy, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.5 arg
-............
-
-The 'arg(x)' function returns the phase of a complex number in radians
-or degrees, as selected by *note angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: asin, Next: asinh, Prev: arg, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.6 asin
-.............
-
-The 'asin(x)' function returns the arc sin (inverse sin) of its
-argument. 'asin' returns its argument in radians or degrees, as
-selected by *note angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: asinh, Next: atan, Prev: asin, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.7 asinh
-..............
-
-The 'asinh(x)' function returns the inverse hyperbolic sin of its
-argument in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: atan, Next: atan2, Prev: asinh, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.8 atan
-.............
-
-The 'atan(x)' function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of its
-argument. 'atan' returns its argument in radians or degrees, as
-selected by *note angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: atan2, Next: atanh, Prev: atan, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.9 atan2
-..............
-
-The 'atan2(y,x)' function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of
-the ratio of the real parts of its arguments. *note atan2:: returns its
-argument in radians or degrees, as selected by *note angles::, in the
-correct quadrant.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: atanh, Next: EllipticK, Prev: atan2, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.10 atanh
-...............
-
-The 'atanh(x)' function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of its
-argument in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: EllipticK, Next: EllipticE, Prev: atanh, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.11 EllipticK
-...................
-
-The 'EllipticK(k)' function returns the complete elliptic integral of
-the first kind. See 'elliptic integrals' for more details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: EllipticE, Next: EllipticPi, Prev: EllipticK,
Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.12 EllipticE
-...................
-
-The 'EllipticE(k)' function returns the complete elliptic integral of
-the second kind. See 'elliptic integrals' for more details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: EllipticPi, Next: besj0, Prev: EllipticE, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.13 EllipticPi
-....................
-
-The 'EllipticPi(n,k)' function returns the complete elliptic integral of
-the third kind. See 'elliptic integrals' for more details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: besj0, Next: besj1, Prev: EllipticPi, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.14 besj0
-...............
-
-The 'besj0(x)' function returns the J0th Bessel function of its
-argument. *note besj0:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: besj1, Next: besy0, Prev: besj0, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.15 besj1
-...............
-
-The 'besj1(x)' function returns the J1st Bessel function of its
-argument. *note besj1:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: besy0, Next: besy1, Prev: besj1, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.16 besy0
-...............
-
-The 'besy0(x)' function returns the Y0th Bessel function of its
-argument. *note besy0:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: besy1, Next: ceil, Prev: besy0, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.17 besy1
-...............
-
-The 'besy1(x)' function returns the Y1st Bessel function of its
-argument. *note besy1:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ceil, Next: cos, Prev: besy1, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.18 ceil
-..............
-
-The 'ceil(x)' function returns the smallest integer that is not less
-than its argument. For complex numbers, *note ceil:: returns the
-smallest integer not less than the real part of its argument.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cos, Next: cosh, Prev: ceil, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.19 cos
-.............
-
-The 'cos(x)' function returns the cosine of its argument. 'cos' accepts
-its argument in radians or degrees, as selected by *note angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cosh, Next: erf, Prev: cos, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.20 cosh
-..............
-
-The 'cosh(x)' function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argument.
-*note cosh:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: erf, Next: erfc, Prev: cosh, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.21 erf
-.............
-
-The 'erf(x)' function returns the error function of the real part of its
-argument. If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component
-is ignored. See *note erfc::, *note inverf::, and *note norm::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: erfc, Next: exp, Prev: erf, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.22 erfc
-..............
-
-The 'erfc(x)' function returns 1.0 - the error function of the real part
-of its argument. If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary
-component is ignored. See 'erf', *note inverf::, and *note norm::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: exp, Next: expint, Prev: erfc, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.23 exp
-.............
-
-The 'exp(x)' function returns the exponential function of its argument
-('e' raised to the power of its argument). On some implementations
-(notably suns), exp(-x) returns undefined for very large x. A
-user-defined function like safe(x) = x<-100 ? 0 : exp(x) might prove
-useful in these cases.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: expint, Next: floor, Prev: exp, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.24 expint
-................
-
-The 'expint(n,x)' function returns the exponential integral of the real
-part of its argument: integral from 1 to infinity of t^(-n) e^(-tx) dt.
-n must be a nonnegative integer, x>=0, and either x>0 or n>1.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: floor, Next: gamma, Prev: expint, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.25 floor
-...............
-
-The 'floor(x)' function returns the largest integer not greater than its
-argument. For complex numbers, *note floor:: returns the largest
-integer not greater than the real part of its argument.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gamma, Next: ibeta, Prev: floor, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.26 gamma
-...............
-
-The 'gamma(x)' function returns the gamma function of the real part of
-its argument. For integer n, gamma(n+1) = n!. If the argument is a
-complex value, the imaginary component is ignored.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ibeta, Next: inverf, Prev: gamma, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.27 ibeta
-...............
-
-The 'ibeta(p,q,x)' function returns the incomplete beta function of the
-real parts of its arguments. p, q > 0 and x in [0:1]. If the arguments
-are complex, the imaginary components are ignored. The function is
-approximated by the method of continued fractions (Abramowitz and
-Stegun, 1964). The approximation is only accurate in the region x <
-(p-1)/(p+q-2).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: inverf, Next: igamma, Prev: ibeta, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.28 inverf
-................
-
-The 'inverf(x)' function returns the inverse error function of the real
-part of its argument. See 'erf' and *note invnorm::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: igamma, Next: imag, Prev: inverf, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.29 igamma
-................
-
-The 'igamma(a,x)' function returns the normalized incomplete gamma
-function of the real parts of its arguments, where a > 0 and x >= 0.
-The standard notation is P(a,x), e.g. Abramowitz and Stegun (6.5.1),
-with limiting value of 1 as x approaches infinity. If the arguments are
-complex, the imaginary components are ignored.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: imag, Next: invnorm, Prev: igamma, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.30 imag
-..............
-
-The 'imag(x)' function returns the imaginary part of its argument as a
-real number.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: invnorm, Next: int, Prev: imag, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.31 invnorm
-.................
-
-The 'invnorm(x)' function returns the inverse cumulative normal
-(Gaussian) distribution function of the real part of its argument. See
-*note norm::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: int, Next: lambertw, Prev: invnorm, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.32 int
-.............
-
-The 'int(x)' function returns the integer part of its argument,
-truncated toward zero.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lambertw, Next: lgamma, Prev: int, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.33 lambertw
-..................
-
-The 'lambertw(x)' function returns the value of the principal branch of
-Lambert's W function, which is defined by the equation
-(W(x)*exp(W(x))=x. x must be a real number with x >= -exp(-1).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lgamma, Next: log, Prev: lambertw, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.34 lgamma
-................
-
-The 'lgamma(x)' function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma
-function of the real part of its argument. If the argument is a complex
-value, the imaginary component is ignored.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: log, Next: log10, Prev: lgamma, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.35 log
-.............
-
-The 'log(x)' function returns the natural logarithm (base 'e') of its
-argument. See *note log10::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: log10, Next: norm, Prev: log, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.36 log10
-...............
-
-The 'log10(x)' function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argument.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: norm, Next: rand, Prev: log10, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.37 norm
-..............
-
-The 'norm(x)' function returns the cumulative normal (Gaussian)
-distribution function of the real part of its argument. See *note
-invnorm::, 'erf' and *note erfc::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rand, Next: real, Prev: norm, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.38 rand
-..............
-
-The 'rand(x)' function returns a pseudo random number in the interval
-[0:1]. See 'random' for more details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: real, Next: sgn, Prev: rand, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.39 real
-..............
-
-The 'real(x)' function returns the real part of its argument.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: sgn, Next: sin, Prev: real, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.40 sgn
-.............
-
-The 'sgn(x)' function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if its
-argument is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0. If the argument is a
-complex value, the imaginary component is ignored.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: sin, Next: sinh, Prev: sgn, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.41 sin
-.............
-
-The 'sin(x)' function returns the sine of its argument. 'sin' expects
-its argument to be in radians or degrees, as selected by *note angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: sinh, Next: sqrt, Prev: sin, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.42 sinh
-..............
-
-The 'sinh(x)' function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument.
-*note sinh:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: sqrt, Next: tan, Prev: sinh, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.43 sqrt
-..............
-
-The 'sqrt(x)' function returns the square root of its argument. If the
-x is a complex value, this always returns the root with positive real
-part.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tan, Next: tanh, Prev: sqrt, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.44 tan
-.............
-
-The 'tan(x)' function returns the tangent of its argument. 'tan'
-expects its argument to be in radians or degrees, as selected by *note
-angles::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tanh, Next: voigt, Prev: tan, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.45 tanh
-..............
-
-The 'tanh(x)' function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument.
-*note tanh:: expects its argument to be in radians.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: voigt, Next: cerf, Prev: tanh, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.46 voigt
-...............
-
-The function 'voigt(x,y)' returns an approximation to the Voigt/Faddeeva
-function used in spectral analysis. The approximation is accurate to
-one part in 10^4. If the libcerf routines are available, the
-re_w_of_z() routine is used to provide a more accurate value. Note that
-voigt(x,y) = real(faddeeva( x + y*{0,1} )).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cerf, Next: cdawson, Prev: voigt, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.47 cerf
-..............
-
-'cerf(z)' is the complex version of the error function erf(x)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cdawson, Next: faddeeva, Prev: cerf, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.48 cdawson
-.................
-
-'cdawson(z)' returns Dawson's Integral evaluated for the complex
-argument z. cdawson(z) = sqrt(pi)/2 * exp(-z^2) * erfi(z)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: faddeeva, Next: erfi, Prev: cdawson, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.49 faddeeva
-..................
-
-The 'faddeeva(z)' function returns the rescaled complex error function
-faddeeva(z) = exp(-z^2) * erfc(-i*z) This corresponds to Eqs 7.1.3 and
-7.1.4 of Abramowitz and Stegun.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: erfi, Next: Voigt_Profile, Prev: faddeeva, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.50 erfi
-..............
-
-Imaginary error function erfi(x) = -i * erf(ix)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Voigt_Profile, Next: gprintf, Prev: erfi, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.51 Voigt Profile
-.......................
-
-'VP(x,sigma,gamma)' corresponds to the Voigt profile defined by
-convolution of a Gaussian G(x;sigma) with a Lorentzian L(x;gamma).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gprintf, Next: sprintf, Prev: Voigt_Profile, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.52 gprintf
-.................
-
-'gprintf("format",x)' applies gnuplot's own format specifiers to the
-single variable x and returns the resulting string. If you want
-standard C-language format specifiers, you must instead use
-'sprintf("format",x)'. See 'format specifiers'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: sprintf, Next: strlen, Prev: gprintf, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.53 sprintf
-.................
-
-'sprintf("format",var1,var2,...)' applies standard C-language format
-specifiers to multiple arguments and returns the resulting string. If
-you want to use gnuplot's own format specifiers, you must instead call
-'gprintf()'. For information on sprintf format specifiers, please see
-standard C-language documentation or the unix sprintf man page.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: strlen, Next: strstrt, Prev: sprintf, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.54 strlen
-................
-
-'strlen("string")' returns the number of characters in a string taking
-into account the current encoding. If the current encoding supports
-multibyte characters (SJIS UTF8), this may be less than the number of
-bytes in the string. If the string contains multibyte UTF8 characters
-but the current encoding is set set to something other than UTF8,
-strlen("utf8string") will return a value that is larger than the actual
-number of characters.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: strstrt, Next: substr, Prev: strlen, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.55 strstrt
-.................
-
-'strstrt("string","key")' searches for the character string "key" in
-"string" and returns the index to the first character of "key". If
-"key" is not found, returns 0. Similar to C library function strstr
-except that it returns an index rather than a string pointer.
-strstrt("hayneedlestack","needle") = 4.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: substr, Next: strftime, Prev: strstrt, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.56 substr
-................
-
-'substr("string",beg,end)' returns the substring consisting of
-characters beg through end of the original string. This is exactly
-equivalent to the expression "string"[beg:end] except that you do not
-have the option of omitting beg or end.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: strftime, Next: strptime, Prev: substr, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.57 strftime
-..................
-
-'strftime("timeformat",t)' applies the timeformat specifiers to the time
-t given in seconds since the year 1970. See 'time_specifiers' and *note
-strptime::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: strptime, Next: system, Prev: strftime, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.58 strptime
-..................
-
-'strptime("timeformat",s)' reads the time from the string s using the
-timeformat specifiers and converts it into seconds since the year 1970.
-See 'time_specifiers' and *note strftime::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: system, Next: word, Prev: strptime, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.59 system
-................
-
-'system("command")' executes "command" using the standard shell and
-returns the resulting character stream from stdout as string variable.
-One optional trailing newline is ignored.
-
- This can be used to import external functions into gnuplot scripts
-using 'f(x) = real(system(sprintf("somecommand %f", x)))'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: word, Next: words, Prev: system, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.60 word
-..............
-
-'word("string",n)' returns the nth word in string. For example,
-'word("one two three",2)' returns the string "two".
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: words, Next: column, Prev: word, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.61 words
-...............
-
-'words("string")' returns the number of words in string. For example,
-'words(" a b c d")' returns 4.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: column, Next: columnhead, Prev: words, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.62 column
-................
-
-'column(x)' may be used only as part of a plot, splot, or stats command.
-It evaluates to the numerical value of the content of column x. See
-*note using::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: columnhead, Next: exists, Prev: column, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.63 columnhead
-....................
-
-'columnhead(x)' may only be used as part of a plot, splot, or stats
-command. It evaluates to a string containing the content of column x in
-the first line of a data file. See *note using::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: exists, Next: hsv2rgb, Prev: columnhead, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.64 exists
-................
-
-The argument to 'exists()' is a string constant or a string variable; if
-the string contains the name of a defined variable, the function returns
-1. Otherwise the function returns 0.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hsv2rgb, Next: stringcolumn, Prev: exists, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.65 hsv2rgb
-.................
-
-The 'hsv2rgb(h,s,v)' function converts HSV (Hue/Saturation/Value)
-triplet to an equivalent RGB value.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: stringcolumn, Next: timecolumn, Prev: hsv2rgb,
Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.66 stringcolumn
-......................
-
-'stringcolumn(x)' may be used only in expressions as part of *note
-using:: manipulations to fits or datafile plots. It returns the content
-of column x as a string variable. 'strcol(x)' is shorthand for
-'stringcolumn(x)'. See *note using::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: timecolumn, Next: tm_hour, Prev: stringcolumn,
Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.67 timecolumn
-....................
-
-'timecolumn(N,"timeformat")' may be used only in expressions as part of
-*note using:: manipulations to fits or datafile plots. See *note
-using::.
-
- It reads string data starting at column N as a time/date value and
-uses "timeformat" to interpret this as "seconds since the epoch" to
-millisecond precision. Note: prior to version 5 this function took only
-a single parameter and worked only for columns that contained purely an
-axis coordinate.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_hour, Next: tm_mday, Prev: timecolumn, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.68 tm_hour
-.................
-
-The 'tm_hour(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the hour (an integer in the range 0-23) as
-a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_mday, Next: tm_min, Prev: tm_hour, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.69 tm_mday
-.................
-
-The 'tm_mday(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the day of the month (an integer in the
-range 1-31) as a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_min, Next: tm_mon, Prev: tm_mday, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.70 tm_min
-................
-
-The 'tm_min(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the minute (an integer in the range 0-59)
-as a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_mon, Next: tm_sec, Prev: tm_min, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.71 tm_mon
-................
-
-The 'tm_mon(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the month (an integer in the range 0-11) as
-a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_sec, Next: tm_wday, Prev: tm_mon, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.72 tm_sec
-................
-
-The 'tm_sec(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the second (an integer in the range 0-59)
-as a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_wday, Next: tm_yday, Prev: tm_sec, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.73 tm_wday
-.................
-
-The 'tm_wday(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the day of the week (an integer in the
-range 0-6) as a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_yday, Next: tm_year, Prev: tm_wday, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.74 tm_yday
-.................
-
-The 'tm_yday(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the day of the year (an integer in the
-range 1-366) as a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tm_year, Next: time, Prev: tm_yday, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.75 tm_year
-.................
-
-The 'tm_year(x)' function interprets its argument as a time, in seconds
-from 1 Jan 1970. It returns the year (an integer) as a real.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: time, Next: valid, Prev: tm_year, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.76 time
-..............
-
-The 'time(x)' function returns the current system time. This value can
-be converted to a date string with the *note strftime:: function, or it
-can be used in conjunction with *note timecolumn:: to generate relative
-time/date plots. The type of the argument determines what is returned.
-If the argument is an integer, time() returns the current time as an
-integer, in seconds from 1 Jan 1970. If the argument is real (or
-complex), the result is real as well. If the argument is a string, it
-is assumed to be a format string, and it is passed to *note strftime::
-to provide a formatted time string.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: valid, Next: elliptic_integrals, Prev: time, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.77 valid
-...............
-
-'valid(x)' may be used only in expressions as part of *note using::
-manipulations to fits or datafile plots. See *note using::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: elliptic_integrals, Next: Random_number_generator,
Prev: valid, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.78 elliptic integrals
-............................
-
-The 'EllipticK(k)' function returns the complete elliptic integral of
-the first kind, i.e. the definite integral between 0 and pi/2 of the
-function '(1-(k*sin(p))**2)**(-0.5)'. The domain of 'k' is -1 to 1
-(exclusive).
-
- The 'EllipticE(k)' function returns the complete elliptic integral of
-the second kind, i.e. the definite integral between 0 and pi/2 of the
-function '(1-(k*sin(p))**2)**0.5'. The domain of 'k' is -1 to 1
-(inclusive).
-
- The 'EllipticPi(n,k)' function returns the complete elliptic integral
-of the third kind, i.e. the definite integral between 0 and pi/2 of the
-function '(1-(k*sin(p))**2)**(-0.5)/(1-n*sin(p)**2)'. The parameter 'n'
-must be less than 1, while 'k' must lie between -1 and 1 (exclusive).
-Note that by definition EllipticPi(0,k) == EllipticK(k) for all possible
-values of 'k'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Random_number_generator, Next: value, Prev:
elliptic_integrals, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.79 Random number generator
-.................................
-
-The function 'rand()' produces a sequence of pseudo-random numbers
-between 0 and 1 using an algorithm from P. L'Ecuyer and S. Cote,
-"Implementing a random number package with splitting facilities", ACM
-Transactions on Mathematical Software, 17:98-111 (1991).
-
- rand(0) returns a pseudo random number in the interval [0:1]
- generated from the current value of two internal
- 32-bit seeds.
- rand(-1) resets both seeds to a standard value.
- rand(x) for integer 0 < x < 2^31-1 sets both internal seeds
- to x.
- rand({x,y}) for integer 0 < x,y < 2^31-1 sets seed1 to x and
- seed2 to y.
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: value, Next: Counting_and_extracting_words, Prev:
Random_number_generator, Up: Functions
-
-1.16.3.80 value
-...............
-
-B = value("A") is effectively the same as B = A, where A is the name of
-a user-defined variable. This is useful when the name of the variable
-is itself held in a string variable. See *note variables::. It also
-allows you to read the name of a variable from a data file. If the
-argument is a numerical expression, value() returns the value of that
-expression. If the argument is a string that does not correspond to a
-currently defined variable, value() returns NaN.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Counting_and_extracting_words, Prev: value, Up:
Functions
-
-1.16.3.81 Counting and extracting words
-.......................................
-
-'word("string",n)' returns the nth word in string. For example,
-'word("one two three",2)' returns the string "two".
-
- 'words("string")' returns the number of words in string. For
-example, 'words(" a b c d")' returns 4.
-
- The 'word' and *note words:: functions provide limited support for
-quoted strings, both single and double quotes can be used:
- print words("\"double quotes\" or 'single quotes'") # 3
-
- A starting quote must either be preceeded by a white space, or start
-the string. This means that apostrophes in the middle or at the end of
-words are considered as parts of the respective word:
- print words("Alexis' phone doesn't work") # 4
-
- Escaping quote characters is not supported. If you want to keep
-certain quotes, the respective section must be surrounded by the other
-kind of quotes:
- s = "Keep \"'single quotes'\" or '\"double quotes\"'"
- print word(s, 2) # 'single quotes'
- print word(s, 4) # "double quotes"
-
- Note, that in this last example the escaped quotes are necessary only
-for the string definition.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Operators, Next: Summation, Prev: Functions, Up:
Expressions
-
-1.16.4 Operators
-----------------
-
-The operators in 'gnuplot' are the same as the corresponding operators
-in the C programming language, except that all operators accept integer,
-real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted. The ** operator
-(exponentiation) is supported, as in FORTRAN.
-
- Parentheses may be used to change order of evaluation.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Unary::
-* Binary::
-* Ternary::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Unary, Next: Binary, Prev: Operators, Up:
Operators
-
-1.16.4.1 Unary
-..............
-
-The following is a list of all the unary operators and their usages:
-
- Symbol Example Explanation
- - -a unary minus
- + +a unary plus (no-operation)
- ~ ~a * one's complement
- ! !a * logical negation
- ! a! * factorial
- $ $3 * call arg/column during *note using::
manipulation
- || |A| cardinality of array A
-
- (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires an
-integer argument.
-
- Operator precedence is the same as in Fortran and C. As in those
-languages, parentheses may be used to change the order of operation.
-Thus -2**2 = -4, but (-2)**2 = 4.
-
- The factorial operator returns a real number to allow a greater
-range.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Binary, Next: Ternary, Prev: Unary, Up: Operators
-
-1.16.4.2 Binary
-...............
-
-The following is a list of all the binary operators and their usages:
-
- Symbol Example Explanation
- ** a**b exponentiation
- * a*b multiplication
- / a/b division
- % a%b * modulo
- + a+b addition
- - a-b subtraction
- == a==b equality
- != a!=b inequality
- < a<b less than
- <= a<=b less than or equal to
- > a>b greater than
- >= a>=b greater than or equal to
- << 0xff<<1 left shift unsigned
- >> 0xff>>2 right shift unsigned
- & a&b * bitwise AND
- ^ a^b * bitwise exclusive OR
- | a|b * bitwise inclusive OR
- && a&&b * logical AND
- || a||b * logical OR
- = a = b assignment
- , (a,b) serial evaluation
- . A.B string concatenation
- eq A eq B string equality
- ne A ne B string inequality
-
- (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires integer
-arguments. Capital letters A and B indicate that the operator requires
-string arguments.
-
- Logical AND (&&) and OR (||) short-circuit the way they do in C. That
-is, the second '&&' operand is not evaluated if the first is false; the
-second '||' operand is not evaluated if the first is true.
-
- Serial evaluation occurs only in parentheses and is guaranteed to
-proceed in left to right order. The value of the rightmost
-subexpression is returned.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Ternary, Prev: Binary, Up: Operators
-
-1.16.4.3 Ternary
-................
-
-There is a single ternary operator:
-
- Symbol Example Explanation
- ?: a?b:c ternary operation
-
-
- The ternary operator behaves as it does in C. The first argument (a),
-which must be an integer, is evaluated. If it is true (non-zero), the
-second argument (b) is evaluated and returned; otherwise the third
-argument (c) is evaluated and returned.
-
- The ternary operator is very useful both in constructing piecewise
-functions and in plotting points only when certain conditions are met.
-
- Examples:
-
- Plot a function that is to equal sin(x) for 0 <= x < 1, 1/x for 1 <=
-x < 2, and undefined elsewhere:
- f(x) = 0<=x && x<1 ? sin(x) : 1<=x && x<2 ? 1/x : 1/0
- plot f(x)
-
- Note that 'gnuplot' quietly ignores undefined values, so the final
-branch of the function (1/0) will produce no plottable points. Note
-also that f(x) will be plotted as a continuous function across the
-discontinuity if a line style is used. To plot it discontinuously,
-create separate functions for the two pieces. (Parametric functions are
-also useful for this purpose.)
-
- For data in a file, plot the average of the data in columns 2 and 3
-against the datum in column 1, but only if the datum in column 4 is
-non-negative:
-
- plot 'file' using 1:( $4<0 ? 1/0 : ($2+$3)/2 )
-
-
- For an explanation of the *note using:: syntax, please see *note
-using::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Summation, Next: Gnuplot-defined_variables, Prev:
Operators, Up: Expressions
-
-1.16.5 Summation
-----------------
-
-A summation expression has the form
- sum [<var> = <start> : <end>] <expression>
-
- <var> is treated as an integer variable that takes on successive
-integral values from <start> to <end>. For each of these, the current
-value of <expression> is added to a running total whose final value
-becomes the value of the summation expression. Examples:
- print sum [i=1:10] i
- 55.
- # Equivalent to plot 'data' using 1:($2+$3+$4+$5+$6+...)
- plot 'data' using 1 : (sum [col=2:MAXCOL] column(col))
-
- It is not necessary that <expression> contain the variable <var>.
-Although <start> and <end> can be specified as variables or expressions,
-their value cannot be changed dynamically as a side-effect of carrying
-out the summation. If <end> is less than <start> then the value of the
-summation is zero.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Gnuplot-defined_variables, Next:
User-defined_variables_and_functions, Prev: Summation, Up: Expressions
-
-1.16.6 Gnuplot-defined variables
---------------------------------
-
-Gnuplot maintains a number of read-only variables that reflect the
-current internal state of the program and the most recent plot. These
-variables begin with the prefix "GPVAL_". Examples include GPVAL_TERM,
-GPVAL_X_MIN, GPVAL_X_MAX, GPVAL_Y_MIN. Type 'show variables all' to
-display the complete list and current values. Values related to axes
-parameters (ranges, log base) are values used during the last plot, not
-those currently 'set'.
-
- Example: To calculate the fractional screen coordinates of the point
-[X,Y]
- GRAPH_X = (X - GPVAL_X_MIN) / (GPVAL_X_MAX - GPVAL_X_MIN)
- GRAPH_Y = (Y - GPVAL_Y_MIN) / (GPVAL_Y_MAX - GPVAL_Y_MIN)
- SCREEN_X = GPVAL_TERM_XMIN + GRAPH_X * (GPVAL_TERM_XMAX -
GPVAL_TERM_XMIN)
- SCREEN_Y = GPVAL_TERM_YMIN + GRAPH_Y * (GPVAL_TERM_YMAX -
GPVAL_TERM_YMIN)
- FRAC_X = SCREEN_X * GPVAL_TERM_SCALE / GPVAL_TERM_XSIZE
- FRAC_Y = SCREEN_Y * GPVAL_TERM_SCALE / GPVAL_TERM_YSIZE
-
-
- The read-only variable GPVAL_ERRNO is set to a non-zero value if any
-gnuplot command terminates early due to an error. The most recent error
-message is stored in the string variable GPVAL_ERRMSG. Both GPVAL_ERRNO
-and GPVAL_ERRMSG can be cleared using the command 'reset errors'.
-
- Interactive terminals with 'mouse' functionality maintain read-only
-variables with the prefix "MOUSE_". See *note variables:: for details.
-
- The *note fit:: mechanism uses several variables with names that
-begin "FIT_". It is safest to avoid using such names. When using 'set
-fit errorvariables', the error for each fitted parameter will be stored
-in a variable named like the parameter, but with "_err" appended. See
-the documentation on *note fit:: and *note fit:: for details.
-
- See *note variables::, 'reset errors', *note variables::, and *note
-fit::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: User-defined_variables_and_functions, Next:
Arrays, Prev: Gnuplot-defined_variables, Up: Expressions
-
-1.16.7 User-defined variables and functions
--------------------------------------------
-
-New user-defined variables and functions of one through twelve variables
-may be declared and used anywhere, including on the 'plot' command
-itself.
-
- User-defined function syntax:
- <func-name>( <dummy1> {,<dummy2>} ... {,<dummy12>} ) = <expression>
-
-
- where <expression> is defined in terms of <dummy1> through <dummy12>.
-
- User-defined variable syntax:
- <variable-name> = <constant-expression>
-
-
- Examples:
- w = 2
- q = floor(tan(pi/2 - 0.1))
- f(x) = sin(w*x)
- sinc(x) = sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
- delta(t) = (t == 0)
- ramp(t) = (t > 0) ? t : 0
- min(a,b) = (a < b) ? a : b
- comb(n,k) = n!/(k!*(n-k)!)
- len3d(x,y,z) = sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)
- plot f(x) = sin(x*a), a = 0.2, f(x), a = 0.4, f(x)
-
-
- file = "mydata.inp"
- file(n) = sprintf("run_%d.dat",n)
-
-
- The final two examples illustrate a user-defined string variable and
-a user-defined string function.
-
- Note that the variables 'pi' (3.14159...) and 'NaN' (IEEE "Not a
-Number") are already defined. You can redefine these to something else
-if you really need to. The original values can be recovered by setting:
-
- NaN = GPVAL_NaN
- pi = GPVAL_pi
-
-
- Other variables may be defined under various gnuplot operations like
-mousing in interactive terminals or fitting; see *note variables:: for
-details.
-
- You can check for existence of a given variable V by the exists("V")
-expression. For example
- a = 10
- if (exists("a")) print "a is defined"
- if (!exists("b")) print "b is not defined"
-
-
- Valid names are the same as in most programming languages: they must
-begin with a letter, but subsequent characters may be letters, digits,
-or "_".
-
- Each function definition is made available as a special string-valued
-variable with the prefix 'GPFUN_'.
-
- Example:
- set label GPFUN_sinc at graph .05,.95
-
-
- See *note functions::, *note functions::, *note variables::, *note
-macros::, *note value::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Arrays, Prev:
User-defined_variables_and_functions, Up: Expressions
-
-1.16.8 Arrays
--------------
-
-Arrays are implemented as indexed lists of user variables. The elements
-in an array are not limited to a single type of variable. Arrays must
-be created explicitly before being referenced. The size of an array
-cannot be changed after creation. All elements are initially undefined.
-In most places an array element can be used instead of a named user
-variable. The cardinality (number of elements) of array A is given by
-the expression |A|.
-
- Example:
- array A[6]
- A[1] = 1
- A[2] = 2.0
- A[3] = {3.0, 3.0}
- A[4] = "four"
- A[6] = A[2]**3
- array B[6] = [ 1, 2.0, A[3], "four", , B[2]**3 ]
-
-
- do for [i=1:6] { print A[i], B[i] }
- 1 1
- 2.0 2.0
- {3.0, 3.0} {3.0, 3.0}
- four four
- <undefined> <undefined>
- 8.0 8.0
-
-
- Note: Arrays and variables share the same namespace. For example,
-assignment of a string variable named FOO will destroy any previously
-created array with name FOO.
-
- The name of an array can be used in a 'plot', 'splot', *note fit::,
-or 'stats' command. This is equivalent to providing a file in which
-column 1 holds the array index (from 1 to size) and column 2 holds the
-value of A[i].
-
- Example:
- array A[200]
- do for [i=1:200] { A[i] = sin(i * pi/100.) }
- plot A title "sin(x) in centiradians"
-
-
- To preserve the imaginary component of complex array values when
-plotting, the value must be referenced as A[$1] rather than $2. For
-example
-
- plot A using (F1(real(A[$1])) : (F2(imag(A[$1]))
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Fonts, Next: Glossary, Prev: Expressions, Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.17 Fonts
-==========
-
-Gnuplot does not provide any fonts of its own. It relies on external
-font handling, the details of which unfortunately vary from one terminal
-type to another. Brief documentation of font mechanisms that apply to
-more than one terminal type is given here. For information on font use
-by other individual terminals, see the documentation for that terminal.
-
- Although it is possible to include non-alphabetic symbols by
-temporarily switching to a special font, e.g. the Adobe Symbol font,
-the preferred method is now to specify the unicode entry point for the
-desired symbols using their UTF-8 encoding. See *note encoding:: and
-*note locale::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* cairo_(pdfcairo::
-* gd_(png::
-* postscript__(also_encapsulated_postscript_*.eps)::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cairo_(pdfcairo, Next: gd_(png, Prev: Fonts, Up:
Fonts
-
-1.17.1 cairo (pdfcairo, pngcairo, epscairo, wxt terminals)
-----------------------------------------------------------
-
-These terminals find and access fonts using the external fontconfig tool
-set. Please see the fontconfig user manual.
-(http://fontconfig.org/fontconfig-user.html) It is usually sufficient in
-gnuplot to request a font by a generic name and size, letting fontconfig
-substitute a similar font if necessary. The following will probably all
-work:
- set term pdfcairo font "sans,12"
- set term pdfcairo font "Times,12"
- set term pdfcairo font "Times-New-Roman,12"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gd_(png, Next:
postscript__(also_encapsulated_postscript_*.eps), Prev: cairo_(pdfcairo, Up:
Fonts
-
-1.17.2 gd (png, gif, jpeg, sixel terminals)
--------------------------------------------
-
-Font handling for the png, gif, jpeg, and sixelgd terminals is done by
-the library libgd. Five basic fonts are provided directly by libgd.
-These are 'tiny' (5x8 pixels), 'small' (6x12 pixels), 'medium', (7x13
-Bold), 'large' (8x16) or 'giant' (9x15 pixels). These fonts cannot be
-scaled or rotated. Use one of these keywords instead of the 'font'
-keyword. E.g.
- set term png tiny
-
-
- On most systems libgd also provides access to Adobe Type 1 fonts
-(*.pfa) and TrueType fonts (*.ttf). You must give the name of the font
-file, not the name of the font inside it, in the form "<face>
-{,<pointsize>}". <face> is either the full pathname to the font file,
-or the first part of a filename in one of the directories listed in the
-GDFONTPATH environmental variable. That is, 'set term png font "Face"'
-will look for a font file named either <somedirectory>/Face.ttf or
-<somedirectory>/Face.pfa. For example, if GDFONTPATH contains
-'/usr/local/fonts/ttf:/usr/local/fonts/pfa' then the following pairs of
-commands are equivalent
- set term png font "arial"
- set term png font "/usr/local/fonts/ttf/arial.ttf"
- set term png font "Helvetica"
- set term png font "/usr/local/fonts/pfa/Helvetica.pfa"
-
- To request a default font size at the same time:
- set term png font "arial,11"
-
-
- Both TrueType and Adobe Type 1 fonts are fully scalable and
-rotatable. If no specific font is requested in the "set term" command,
-gnuplot checks the environmental variable GNUPLOT_DEFAULT_GDFONT to see
-if there is a preferred default font.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: postscript__(also_encapsulated_postscript_*.eps),
Prev: gd_(png, Up: Fonts
-
-1.17.3 postscript (also encapsulated postscript *.eps)
-------------------------------------------------------
-
-PostScript font handling is done by the printer or viewing program.
-Gnuplot can create valid PostScript or encapsulated PostScript (*.eps)
-even if no fonts at all are installed on your computer. Gnuplot simply
-refers to the font by name in the output file, and assumes that the
-printer or viewing program will know how to find or approximate a font
-by that name.
-
- All PostScript printers or viewers should know about the standard set
-of Adobe fonts 'Times-Roman', 'Helvetica', 'Courier', and 'Symbol'. It
-is likely that many additional fonts are also available, but the
-specific set depends on your system or printer configuration. Gnuplot
-does not know or care about this; the output *.ps or *.eps files that it
-creates will simply refer to whatever font names you request.
-
- Thus
- set term postscript eps font "Times-Roman,12"
-
- will produce output that is suitable for all printers and viewers.
-
- On the other hand
- set term postscript eps font "Garamond-Premier-Pro-Italic"
-
- will produce an output file that contains valid PostScript, but since
-it refers to a specialized font, only some printers or viewers will be
-able to display the specific font that was requested. Most will
-substitute a different font.
-
- However, it is possible to embed a specific font in the output file
-so that all printers will be able to use it. This requires that the a
-suitable font description file is available on your system. Note that
-some font files require specific licensing if they are to be embedded in
-this way. See 'postscript fontfile' for more detailed description and
-examples.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Glossary, Next: inline_data_and_datablocks, Prev:
Fonts, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.18 Glossary
-=============
-
-Throughout this document an attempt has been made to maintain
-consistency of nomenclature. This cannot be wholly successful because
-as 'gnuplot' has evolved over time, certain command and keyword names
-have been adopted that preclude such perfection. This section contains
-explanations of the way some of these terms are used.
-
- A "page" or "screen" or "canvas" is the entire area addressable by
-'gnuplot'. On a desktop it is a full window; on a plotter, it is a
-single sheet of paper; in svga mode it is the full monitor screen.
-
- A screen may contain one or more "plots". A plot is defined by an
-abscissa and an ordinate, although these need not actually appear on it,
-as well as the margins and any text written therein.
-
- A plot contains one "graph". A graph is defined by an abscissa and
-an ordinate, although these need not actually appear on it.
-
- A graph may contain one or more "lines". A line is a single function
-or data set. "Line" is also a plotting style. The word will also be
-used in sense "a line of text". Presumably the context will remove any
-ambiguity.
-
- The lines on a graph may have individual names. These may be listed
-together with a sample of the plotting style used to represent them in
-the "key", sometimes also called the "legend".
-
- The word "title" occurs with multiple meanings in 'gnuplot'. In this
-document, it will always be preceded by the adjective "plot", "line", or
-"key" to differentiate among them. A 2D graph may have up to four
-labeled *note axes::. The names of the four axes are "x" for the axis
-along the bottom border of the plot, "y" for the axis along the left
-border, "x2" for the top border, and "y2" for the right border. See
-*note axes::.
-
- A 3D graph may have up to three labeled *note axes:: - "x", "y" and
-"z". It is not possible to say where on the graph any particular axis
-will fall because you can change the direction from which the graph is
-seen with *note view::.
-
- When discussing data files, the term "record" will be resurrected and
-used to denote a single line of text in the file, that is, the
-characters between newline or end-of-record characters. A "point" is
-the datum extracted from a single record. A "block" of data is a set of
-consecutive records delimited by blank records. A line, when referred
-to in the context of a data file, is a subset of a block. Note that the
-term "data block" may also be used to refer to a named block inline data
-(see 'datablocks').
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: inline_data_and_datablocks, Next: iteration,
Prev: Glossary, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.19 inline data and datablocks
-===============================
-
-There are two mechanisms for embedding data into a stream of gnuplot
-commands. If the special filename '-' appears in a plot command, then
-the lines immediately following the plot command are interpreted as
-inline data. See *note special-filenames::. Data provided in this way
-can only be used once, by the plot command it follows.
-
- The second mechanism defines a named data block as a here-document.
-The named data is persistent and may be referred to by more than one
-plot command. Example:
- $Mydata << EOD
- 11 22 33 first line of data
- 44 55 66 second line of data
- # comments work just as in a data file
- 77 88 99
- EOD
- stats $Mydata using 1:3
- plot $Mydata using 1:3 with points, $Mydata using 1:2 with impulses
-
-
- Data block names must begin with a $ character, which distinguishes
-them from other types of persistent variables. The end-of-data
-delimiter (EOD in the example) may be any sequence of alphanumeric
-characters.
-
- The storage associated with named data blocks can be released using
-*note undefine:: command. 'undefine $*' frees all named data blocks at
-once.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: iteration, Next: linetypes, Prev:
inline_data_and_datablocks, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.20 iteration
-==============
-
-Version 4.6 of gnuplot introduced command iteration and block-structured
-if/else/while/do constructs. See 'if', 'while', and 'do'. Simple
-iteration is possible inside 'plot' or 'set' commands. See 'plot for'.
-General iteration spanning multiple commands is possible using a block
-construct as shown below. For a related new feature, see the
-'summation' expression type. Here is an example using several of these
-new syntax features:
- set multiplot layout 2,2
- fourier(k, x) = sin(3./2*k)/k * 2./3*cos(k*x)
- do for [power = 0:3] {
- TERMS = 10**power
- set title sprintf("%g term Fourier series",TERMS)
- plot 0.5 + sum [k=1:TERMS] fourier(k,x) notitle
- }
- unset multiplot
-
-
- Iteration is controlled by an iteration specifier with syntax
-
- for [<var> in "string of N elements"]
-
-
- or
-
- for [<var> = <start> : <end> { : <increment> }]
-
-
- In the first case <var> is a string variable that successively
-evaluates to single-word substrings 1 to N of the string in the
-iteration specifier. In the second case <start>, <end>, and <increment>
-are integers or integer expressions.
-
- With one exception, gnuplot variables are global. There is a single,
-persistent, list of active variables indexed by name. Assignment to a
-variable creates or replaces an entry in that list. The only way to
-remove a variable from that list is the *note undefine:: command.
-
- The single exception to this is the variable used in an iteration
-specifier. The scope of the iteration variable is private to that
-iteration. You cannot permanently change the value of the iteration
-variable inside the iterated clause. If the iteration variable has a
-value prior to iteration, that value will be retained or restored at the
-end of the iteration. For example, the following commands will print 1
-2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A.
-
- i = "A"
- do for [i=1:10] { print i; i=10; }
- print i
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linetypes, Next: layers, Prev: iteration, Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.21 linetypes, colors, and styles
-==================================
-
-In older gnuplot versions, each terminal type provided a set of distinct
-"linetypes" that could differ in color, in thickness, in dot/dash
-pattern, or in some combination of color and dot/dash. These colors and
-patterns were not guaranteed to be consistent across different terminal
-types although most used the color sequence
-red/green/blue/magenta/cyan/yellow. You can select this old behaviour
-via the command 'set colorsequence classic', but by default gnuplot
-version 5 uses a terminal-independent sequence of 8 colors.
-
- You can further customize the sequence of linetype properties
-interactively or in an initialization file. See 'set linetype'.
-Several sample initialization files are provided in the distribution
-package.
-
- The current linetype properties for a particular terminal can be
-previewed by issuing the *note test:: command after setting the terminal
-type.
-
- Successive functions or datafiles plotted by a single command will be
-assigned successive linetypes in the current default sequence. You can
-override this for any individual function, datafile, or plot element by
-giving explicit line prooperties in the plot command.
-
- Examples:
-
- plot "foo", "bar" # plot two files using linetypes
1, 2
- plot sin(x) linetype 4 # use linetype color 4
-
-
- In general, colors can be specified using named colors, rgb (red,
-green, blue) components, hsv (hue, saturation, value) components, or a
-coordinate along the current pm3d palette.
-
- Examples:
-
- plot sin(x) lt rgb "violet" # one of gnuplot's named colors
- plot sin(x) lt rgb "#FF00FF" # explicit RGB triple in
hexadecimal
- plot sin(x) lt palette cb -45 # whatever color corresponds to -45
- # in the current cbrange of the
palette
- plot sin(x) lt palette frac 0.3 # fractional value along the
palette
-
-
- See *note colorspec::, *note colornames::, 'hsv', *note palette::,
-*note cbrange::. See also *note monochrome::.
-
- Linetypes also have an associated dot-dash pattern although not all
-terminal types are capable of using it. Gnuplot version 5 allows you to
-specify the dot-dash pattern independent of the line color. See *note
-dashtype::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* colorspec::
-* dashtype::
-* linestyles_vs_linetypes::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: colorspec, Next: dashtype, Prev: linetypes, Up:
linetypes
-
-1.21.1 colorspec
-----------------
-
-Many commands allow you to specify a linetype with an explicit color.
-
- Syntax:
-
- ... {linecolor | lc} {"colorname" | <colorspec> | <n>}
- ... {textcolor | tc} {<colorspec> | {linetype | lt} <n>}
-
-
- where <colorspec> has one of the following forms:
-
- rgbcolor "colorname" # e.g. "blue"
- rgbcolor "0xRRGGBB" # string containing hexadecimal constant
- rgbcolor "0xAARRGGBB" # string containing hexadecimal constant
- rgbcolor "#RRGGBB" # string containing hexadecimal in x11
format
- rgbcolor "#AARRGGBB" # string containing hexadecimal in x11
format
- rgbcolor <integer val> # integer value representing AARRGGBB
- rgbcolor variable # integer value is read from input file
- palette frac <val> # <val> runs from 0 to 1
- palette cb <value> # <val> lies within cbrange
- palette z
- variable # color index is read from input file
- bgnd # background color
- black
-
-
- The "<n>" is the linetype number the color of which is used, see
-*note test::.
-
- "colorname" refers to one of the color names built in to gnuplot.
-For a list of the available names, see *note colornames::.
-
- Hexadecimal constants can be given in quotes as "#RRGGBB" or
-"0xRRGGBB", where RRGGBB represents the red, green, and blue components
-of the color and must be between 00 and FF. For example, magenta =
-full-scale red + full-scale blue could be represented by "0xFF00FF",
-which is the hexadecimal representation of (255 << 16) + (0 << 8) +
-(255).
-
- "#AARRGGBB" represents an RGB color with an alpha channel
-(transparency) value in the high bits. An alpha value of 0 represents a
-fully opaque color; i.e., "#00RRGGBB" is the same as "#RRGGBB". An alpha
-value of 255 (FF) represents full transparency. 'Note': This convention
-for the alpha channel is backwards from that used by the "with rgbalpha"
-image plot mode in earlier versions of gnuplot.
-
- The color palette is a linear gradient of colors that smoothly maps a
-single numerical value onto a particular color. Two such mappings are
-always in effect. 'palette frac' maps a fractional value between 0 and
-1 onto the full range of the color palette. 'palette cb' maps the range
-of the color axis onto the same palette. See *note cbrange::. See also
-'set colorbox'. You can use either of these to select a constant color
-from the current palette.
-
- "palette z" maps the z value of each plot segment or plot element
-into the cbrange mapping of the palette. This allows smoothly-varying
-color along a 3d line or surface. It also allows coloring 2D plots by
-palette values read from an extra column of data (not all 2D plot styles
-allow an extra column).
-
- There are two special color specifiers: 'bgnd' for background color
-and 'black'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* background_color::
-* linecolor_variable::
-* rgbcolor_variable::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: background_color, Next: linecolor_variable, Prev:
colorspec, Up: colorspec
-
-1.21.1.1 background color
-.........................
-
-Most terminals allow you to set an explicit background color for the
-plot. The special linetype 'bgnd' will draw in this color, and 'bgnd'
-is also recognized as a color. Examples:
- # This will erase a section of the canvas by writing over it in the
- # background color
- set term wxt background rgb "gray75"
- set object 1 rectangle from x0,y0 to x1,y1 fillstyle solid fillcolor
bgnd
- # This will draw an "invisible" line along the x axis
- plot 0 lt bgnd
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linecolor_variable, Next: rgbcolor_variable,
Prev: background_color, Up: colorspec
-
-1.21.1.2 linecolor variable
-...........................
-
-'lc variable' tells the program to use the value read from one column of
-the input data as a linetype index, and use the color belonging to that
-linetype. This requires a corresponding additional column in the *note
-using:: specifier. Text colors can be set similarly using 'tc
-variable'.
-
- Examples:
- # Use the third column of data to assign colors to individual points
- plot 'data' using 1:2:3 with points lc variable
-
-
- # A single data file may contain multiple sets of data, separated
by two
- # blank lines. Each data set is assigned as index value (see *note
index::)
- # that can be retrieved via the *note using:: specifier
`column(-2)`.
- # See `pseudocolumns`. This example uses to value in column -2 to
- # draw each data set in a different line color.
- plot 'data' using 1:2:(column(-2)) with lines lc variable
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rgbcolor_variable, Prev: linecolor_variable, Up:
colorspec
-
-1.21.1.3 rgbcolor variable
-..........................
-
-You can assign a separate color for each data point, line segment, or
-label in your plot. 'lc rgbcolor variable' tells the program to read
-RGB color information for each line in the data file. This requires a
-corresponding additional column in the *note using:: specifier. The
-extra column is interpreted as a 24-bit packed RGB triple. If the value
-is provided directly in the data file it is easiest to give it as a
-hexidecimal value (see 'rgbcolor'). Alternatively, the *note using::
-specifier can contain an expression that evaluates to a 24-bit RGB color
-as in the example below. Text colors are similarly set using 'tc
-rgbcolor variable'.
-
- Example:
- # Place colored points in 3D at the x,y,z coordinates corresponding
to
- # their red, green, and blue components
- rgb(r,g,b) = 65536 * int(r) + 256 * int(g) + int(b)
- splot "data" using 1:2:3:(rgb($1,$2,$3)) with points lc rgb variable
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dashtype, Next: linestyles_vs_linetypes, Prev:
colorspec, Up: linetypes
-
-1.21.2 dashtype
----------------
-
-In gnuplot version 5 the dash pattern (*note dashtype::) is a separate
-property associated with each line, analogous to 'linecolor' or
-'linewidth'. It is not necessary to place the current terminal in a
-special mode just to draw dashed lines. I.e. the command 'set term
-<termname> {solid|dashed}' is now ignored. If backwards compatibility
-with old scripts written for version 4 is required, the following lines
-can be used instead:
-
- if (GPVAL_VERSION >= 5.0) set for [i=1:9] linetype i dashtype i
- if (GPVAL_VERSION < 5.0) set termoption dashed
-
-
- All lines have the property 'dashtype solid' unless you specify
-otherwise. You can change the default for a particular linetype using
-the command 'set linetype' so that it affects all subsequent commands,
-or you can include the desired dashtype as part of the 'plot' or other
-command.
-
- Syntax:
- dashtype N # predefined dashtype invoked by number
- dashtype "pattern" # string containing a combination of the
characters
- # dot (.) hyphen (-) underscore(_) and space.
- dashtype (s1,e1,s2,e2,s3,e3,s4,e4) # dash pattern specified by 1
to 4
- # numerical pairs <solid length>, <emptyspace
length>
-
-
- Example:
- # Two functions using linetype 1 but distinguished by dashtype
- plot f1(x) with lines lt 1 dt solid, f2(x) with lines lt 1 dt 3
-
-
- Some terminals support user-defined dash patterns in addition to
-whatever set of predefined dash patterns they offer.
-
- Examples:
- plot f(x) dt 3 # use terminal-specific dash pattern 3
- plot f(x) dt ".. " # construct a dash pattern on the spot
- plot f(x) dt (2,5,2,15) # numerical representation of the same
pattern
- set dashtype 11 (2,4,4,7) # define new dashtype to be called by index
- plot f(x) dt 11 # plot using our new dashtype
-
-
- If you specify a dash pattern using a string the program will convert
-this to a sequence of <solid>,<empty> pairs. Dot "." becomes (2,5),
-dash "-" becomes (10,10), underscore "_" becomes (20,10), and each space
-character " " adds 10 to the previous <empty> value. The command *note
-dashtype:: will show both the original string and the converted
-numerical sequence.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linestyles_vs_linetypes, Prev: dashtype, Up:
linetypes
-
-1.21.3 linestyles vs linetypes
-------------------------------
-
-A 'linestyle' is a temporary association of properties linecolor,
-linewidth, dashtype, and pointtype. It is defined using the command
-'set style line'. Once you have defined a linestyle, you can use it in
-a plot command to control the appearance of one or more plot elements.
-In other words, it is just like a linetype except for its lifetime.
-Whereas 'linetypes' are permanent (they last until you explicitly
-redefine them), 'linestyles' last until the next reset of the graphics
-state.
-
- Examples:
-
- # define a new line style with terminal-independent color cyan,
- # linewidth 3, and associated point type 6 (a circle with a dot in
it).
- set style line 5 lt rgb "cyan" lw 3 pt 6
- plot sin(x) with linespoints ls 5 # user-defined line style
5
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: layers, Next: mouse_input, Prev: linetypes, Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.22 layers
-===========
-
-A gnuplot plot is built up by drawing its various components in a fixed
-order. This order can be modified by assigning some components to a
-specific layer using the keywords 'behind', 'back', or 'front'. For
-example, to replace the background color of the plot area you could
-define a colored rectangle with the attribute 'behind'.
- set object 1 rectangle from graph 0,0 to graph 1,1 fc rgb "gray"
behind
-
- The order of drawing is
- behind
- back
- the plot itself
- the plot legend (`key`)
- front
-
- Within each layer elements are drawn in the order
- objects (rectangles, circles, ellipses, polygons) in numerical order
- labels in numerical order
- arrows in numerical order
-
- In the case of multiple plots on a single page (multiplot mode) this
-order applies separately to each component plot, not to the multiplot as
-a whole.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mouse_input, Next: Persist, Prev: layers, Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.23 mouse input
-================
-
-Many terminals allow interaction with the current plot using the mouse.
-Some also support the definition of hotkeys to activate pre-defined
-functions by hitting a single key while the mouse focus is in the active
-plot window. It is even possible to combine mouse input with 'batch'
-command scripts, by invoking the command 'pause mouse' and then using
-the mouse variables returned by mouse clicking as parameters for
-subsequent scripted actions. See 'bind' and *note variables::. See
-also the command 'set mouse'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* bind::
-* Mouse_variables::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: bind, Next: Mouse_variables, Prev: mouse_input,
Up: mouse_input
-
-1.23.1 bind
------------
-
-Syntax:
- bind {allwindows} [<key-sequence>] ["<gnuplot commands>"]
- bind <key-sequence> ""
- reset bind
-
-
- The 'bind' allows defining or redefining a hotkey, i.e. a sequence
-of gnuplot commands which will be executed when a certain key or key
-sequence is pressed while the driver's window has the input focus. Note
-that 'bind' is only available if gnuplot was compiled with 'mouse'
-support and it is used by all mouse-capable terminals. A user-specified
-binding supersedes any builtin bindings, except that <space> and 'q'
-cannot normally be rebound. For an exception, see 'bind space'.
-
- Only mouse button 1 can be bound, and only for 2D plots.
-
- You get the list of all hotkeys by typing 'show bind' or 'bind' or by
-typing the hotkey 'h' in the graph window.
-
- Key bindings are restored to their default state by 'reset bind'.
-
- Note that multikey-bindings with modifiers must be given in quotes.
-
- Normally hotkeys are only recognized when the currently active plot
-window has focus. 'bind allwindows <key> ...' (short form: 'bind all
-<key> ...') causes the binding for <key> to apply to all gnuplot plot
-windows, active or not. In this case gnuplot variable MOUSE_KEY_WINDOW
-is set to the ID of the originating window, and may be used by the bound
-command.
-
- Examples:
-
- - set bindings:
-
- bind a "replot"
- bind "ctrl-a" "plot x*x"
- bind "ctrl-alt-a" 'print "great"'
- bind Home "set view 60,30; replot"
- bind all Home 'print "This is window ",MOUSE_KEY_WINDOW'
-
-
- - show bindings:
- bind "ctrl-a" # shows the binding for ctrl-a
- bind # shows all bindings
- show bind # show all bindings
-
-
- - remove bindings:
- bind "ctrl-alt-a" "" # removes binding for ctrl-alt-a
- (note that builtins cannot be removed)
- reset bind # installs default (builtin) bindings
-
-
- - bind a key to toggle something:
- v=0
- bind "ctrl-r" "v=v+1;if(v%2)set term x11 noraise; else set term x11
raise"
-
-
- Modifiers (ctrl / alt) are case insensitive, keys not:
- ctrl-alt-a == CtRl-alT-a
- ctrl-alt-a != ctrl-alt-A
-
-
- List of modifiers (alt == meta):
- ctrl, alt, shift (only valid for Button1)
-
-
- List of supported special keys:
-
- "BackSpace", "Tab", "Linefeed", "Clear", "Return", "Pause",
"Scroll_Lock",
- "Sys_Req", "Escape", "Delete", "Home", "Left", "Up", "Right", "Down",
- "PageUp", "PageDown", "End", "Begin",
-
-
- "KP_Space", "KP_Tab", "KP_Enter", "KP_F1", "KP_F2", "KP_F3", "KP_F4",
- "KP_Home", "KP_Left", "KP_Up", "KP_Right", "KP_Down", "KP_PageUp",
- "KP_PageDown", "KP_End", "KP_Begin", "KP_Insert", "KP_Delete",
"KP_Equal",
- "KP_Multiply", "KP_Add", "KP_Separator", "KP_Subtract", "KP_Decimal",
- "KP_Divide",
-
-
- "KP_1" - "KP_9", "F1" - "F12"
-
-
- The following are window events rather than actual keys
-
- "Button1" "Close"
-
-
- See also help for 'mouse'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* bind_space::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: bind_space, Prev: bind, Up: bind
-
-1.23.1.1 bind space
-...................
-
-If gnuplot was built with configuration option -enable-raise-console,
-then typing <space> in the plot window raises gnuplot's command window.
-This hotkey can be changed to ctrl-space by starting gnuplot as 'gnuplot
--ctrlq', or by setting the XResource 'gnuplot*ctrlq'. See 'x11
-command-line-options'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Mouse_variables, Prev: bind, Up: mouse_input
-
-1.23.2 Mouse variables
-----------------------
-
-When 'mousing' is active, clicking in the active window will set several
-user variables that can be accessed from the gnuplot command line. The
-coordinates of the mouse at the time of the click are stored in MOUSE_X
-MOUSE_Y MOUSE_X2 and MOUSE_Y2. The mouse button clicked, and any
-meta-keys active at that time, are stored in MOUSE_BUTTON MOUSE_SHIFT
-MOUSE_ALT and MOUSE_CTRL. These variables are set to undefined at the
-start of every plot, and only become defined in the event of a mouse
-click in the active plot window. To determine from a script if the
-mouse has been clicked in the active plot window, it is sufficient to
-test for any one of these variables being defined.
-
- plot 'something'
- pause mouse
- if (exists("MOUSE_BUTTON")) call 'something_else'; \
- else print "No mouse click."
-
-
- It is also possible to track keystrokes in the plot window using the
-mousing code.
-
- plot 'something'
- pause mouse keypress
- print "Keystroke ", MOUSE_KEY, " at ", MOUSE_X, " ", MOUSE_Y
-
-
- When 'pause mouse keypress' is terminated by a keypress, then
-MOUSE_KEY will contain the ascii character value of the key that was
-pressed. MOUSE_CHAR will contain the character itself as a string
-variable. If the pause command is terminated abnormally (e.g. by
-ctrl-C or by externally closing the plot window) then MOUSE_KEY will
-equal -1.
-
- Note that after a zoom by mouse, you can read the new ranges as
-GPVAL_X_MIN, GPVAL_X_MAX, GPVAL_Y_MIN, and GPVAL_Y_MAX, see *note
-variables::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Persist, Next: Plotting, Prev: mouse_input, Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.24 Persist
-============
-
-Many gnuplot terminals (aqua, pm, qt, x11, windows, wxt, ...) open
-separate display windows on the screen into which plots are drawn. The
-'persist' option tells gnuplot to leave these windows open when the main
-program exits. It has no effect on non-interactive terminal output.
-For example if you issue the command
-
- gnuplot -persist -e 'plot [-5:5] sinh(x)'
-
-
- gnuplot will open a display window, draw the plot into it, and then
-exit, leaving the display window containing the plot on the screen.
-Depending on the terminal type, some mousing operations may still be
-possible in the persistent window. However operations like zoom/unzoom
-that require redrawing the plot are generally not possible because the
-main program has already exited.
-
- You can also specify 'persist' or 'nopersist' at the time you set a
-new terminal type. For example
-
- set term qt persist size 700,500
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Plotting, Next: Start-up_(initialization), Prev:
Persist, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.25 Plotting
-=============
-
-There are four 'gnuplot' commands which actually create a plot: 'plot',
-'splot', *note replot::, and *note refresh::. Other commands control
-the layout, style, and content of the plot that will eventually be
-created. 'plot' generates 2D plots. 'splot' generates 3D plots
-(actually 2D projections, of course). *note replot:: reexecutes the
-previous 'plot' or 'splot' command. *note refresh:: is similar to *note
-replot:: but it reuses any previously stored data rather than rereading
-data from a file or input stream.
-
- Each time you issue one of these four commands it will redraw the
-screen or generate a new page of output containing all of the currently
-defined axes, labels, titles, and all of the various functions or data
-sources listed in the original plot command. If instead you need to
-place several complete plots next to each other on the same page, e.g.
-to make a panel of sub-figures or to inset a small plot inside a larger
-plot, use the command *note multiplot:: to suppress generation of a new
-page for each plot command.
-
- Much of the general information about plotting can be found in the
-discussion of 'plot'; information specific to 3D can be found in the
-'splot' section.
-
- 'plot' operates in either rectangular or polar coordinates - see 'set
-polar'. 'splot' operates in Cartesian coordinates, but will accept
-azimuthal or cylindrical coordinates on input. See *note mapping::.
-
- 'plot' also lets you use each of the four borders - x (bottom), x2
-(top), y (left) and y2 (right) - as an independent axis. The *note
-axes:: option lets you choose which pair of axes a given function or
-data set is plotted against. A full complement of 'set' commands exists
-to give you complete control over the scales and labeling of each axis.
-Some commands have the name of an axis built into their names, such as
-*note xlabel::. Other commands have one or more axis names as options,
-such as 'set logscale xy'. Commands and options controlling the z axis
-have no effect on 2D graphs.
-
- 'splot' can plot surfaces and contours in addition to points and/or
-lines. See *note isosamples:: for information about defining the grid
-for a 3D function. See *note datafile:: for information about the
-requisite file structure for 3D data. For contours see *note contour::,
-*note cntrlabel::, and *note cntrparam::.
-
- In 'splot', control over the scales and labels of the axes are the
-same as with 'plot' except that there is also a z axis and labeling the
-x2 and y2 axes is possible only for pseudo-2D plots created using 'set
-view map'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Start-up_(initialization), Next:
String_constants_and_string_variables, Prev: Plotting, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.26 Start-up (initialization)
-==============================
-
-When gnuplot is run, it first looks for a system-wide initialization
-file 'gnuplotrc'. The location of this file is determined when the
-program is built and is reported by *note loadpath::. The program then
-looks in the user's HOME directory for a file called '.gnuplot' on
-Unix-like systems or 'GNUPLOT.INI' on other systems. (OS/2 will look
-for it in the directory named in the environment variable 'GNUPLOT';
-Windows will use 'APPDATA'). Note: The program can be configured to look
-first in the current directory, but this is not recommended because it
-is bad security practice.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: String_constants_and_string_variables, Next:
Substitution_and_Command_line_macros, Prev: Start-up_(initialization), Up:
gnuplot
-
-1.27 String constants and string variables
-==========================================
-
-In addition to string constants, most gnuplot commands also accept a
-string variable, a string expression, or a function that returns a
-string. For example, the following four methods of creating a plot all
-result in the same plot title:
-
- four = "4"
- graph4 = "Title for plot #4"
- graph(n) = sprintf("Title for plot #%d",n)
-
-
- plot 'data.4' title "Title for plot #4"
- plot 'data.4' title graph4
- plot 'data.4' title "Title for plot #".four
- plot 'data.4' title graph(4)
-
-
- Since integers are promoted to strings when operated on by the string
-concatenation operator ('.' character), the following method also
-works:
-
- N = 4
- plot 'data.'.N title "Title for plot #".N
-
-
- In general, elements on the command line will only be evaluated as
-possible string variables if they are not otherwise recognizable as part
-of the normal gnuplot syntax. So the following sequence of commands is
-legal, although probably should be avoided so as not to cause confusion:
-
- plot = "my_datafile.dat"
- title = "My Title"
- plot plot title title
-
-
- Three binary operators require string operands: the string
-concatenation operator ".", the string equality operator "eq" and the
-string inequality operator "ne". The following example will print TRUE.
-
- if ("A"."B" eq "AB") print "TRUE"
-
-
- See also the two string formatting functions *note gprintf:: and
-*note sprintf::.
-
- Substrings can be specified by appending a range specifier to any
-string, string variable, or string-valued function. The range specifier
-has the form [begin:end], where begin is the index of the first
-character of the substring and end is the index of the last character of
-the substring. The first character has index 1. The begin or end
-fields may be empty, or contain '*', to indicate the true start or end
-of the original string. E.g. str[:] and str[*:*] both describe the
-full string str.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Substitution_and_Command_line_macros, Next:
Syntax, Prev: String_constants_and_string_variables, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.28 Substitution and Command line macros
-=========================================
-
-When a command line to gnuplot is first read, i.e. before it is
-interpreted or executed, two forms of lexical substitution are
-performed. These are triggered by the presence of text in backquotes
-(ascii character 96) or preceded by @ (ascii character 64).
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Substitution_of_system_commands_in_backquotes::
-* Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros::
-* String_variables::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Substitution_of_system_commands_in_backquotes,
Next: Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros, Prev:
Substitution_and_Command_line_macros, Up: Substitution_and_Command_line_macros
-
-1.28.1 Substitution of system commands in backquotes
-----------------------------------------------------
-
-Command-line substitution is specified by a system command enclosed in
-backquotes. This command is spawned and the output it produces replaces
-the backquoted text on the command line. Exit status of the system
-command is returned in variables GPVAL_SYSTEM_ERRNO and
-GPVAL_SYSTEM_ERRMSG. See *note system::.
-
- Command-line substitution can be used anywhere on the 'gnuplot'
-command line, except inside strings delimited by single quotes.
-
- Example:
-
- This will run the program 'leastsq' and replace 'leastsq' (including
-backquotes) on the command line with its output:
- f(x) = `leastsq`
-
-
- or, in VMS
- f(x) = `run leastsq`
-
-
- These will generate labels with the current time and userid:
- set label "generated on `date +%Y-%m-%d` by `whoami`" at 1,1
- set timestamp "generated on %Y-%m-%d by `whoami`"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros, Next:
String_variables, Prev: Substitution_of_system_commands_in_backquotes, Up:
Substitution_and_Command_line_macros
-
-1.28.2 Substitution of string variables as macros
--------------------------------------------------
-
-The character @ is used to trigger substitution of the current value of
-a string variable into the command line. The text in the string
-variable may contain any number of lexical elements. This allows string
-variables to be used as command line macros. Only string constants may
-be expanded using this mechanism, not string-valued expressions. For
-example:
-
- style1 = "lines lt 4 lw 2"
- style2 = "points lt 3 pt 5 ps 2"
- range1 = "using 1:3"
- range2 = "using 1:5"
- plot "foo" @range1 with @style1, "bar" @range2 with @style2
-
-
- The line containing @ symbols is expanded on input, so that by the
-time it is executed the effect is identical to having typed in full
-
- plot "foo" using 1:3 with lines lt 4 lw 2, \
- "bar" using 1:5 with points lt 3 pt 5 ps 2
-
-
- The function exists() may be useful in connection with macro
-evaluation. The following example checks that C can safely be expanded
-as the name of a user-defined variable:
-
- C = "pi"
- if (exists(C)) print C," = ", @C
-
-
- Macro expansion does not occur inside either single or double quotes.
-However macro expansion does occur inside backquotes.
-
- Macro expansion is handled as the very first thing the interpreter
-does when looking at a new line of commands and is only done once.
-Therefore, code like the following will execute correctly:
-
- A = "c=1"
- @A
-
-
- but this line will not, since the macro is defined on the same line
-and will not be expanded in time
-
- A = "c=1"; @A # will not expand to c=1
-
-
- Macro expansion inside a bracketed iteration occurs before the loop
-is executed; i.e. @A will always act as the original value of A even if
-A itself is reassigned inside the loop.
-
- For execution of complete commands the *note evaluate:: command may
-also be handy.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: String_variables, Prev:
Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros, Up:
Substitution_and_Command_line_macros
-
-1.28.3 String variables, macros, and command line substitution
---------------------------------------------------------------
-
-The interaction of string variables, backquotes and macro substitution
-is somewhat complicated. Backquotes do not block macro substitution, so
-
- filename = "mydata.inp"
- lines = ` wc --lines @filename | sed "s/ .*//" `
-
-
- results in the number of lines in mydata.inp being stored in the
-integer variable lines. And double quotes do not block backquote
-substitution, so
-
- mycomputer = "`uname -n`"
-
-
- results in the string returned by the system command 'uname -n' being
-stored in the string variable mycomputer.
-
- However, macro substitution is not performed inside double quotes, so
-you cannot define a system command as a macro and then use both macro
-and backquote substitution at the same time.
-
- machine_id = "uname -n"
- mycomputer = "`@machine_id`" # doesn't work!!
-
-
- This fails because the double quotes prevent @machine_id from being
-interpreted as a macro. To store a system command as a macro and
-execute it later you must instead include the backquotes as part of the
-macro itself. This is accomplished by defining the macro as shown
-below. Notice that the sprintf format nests all three types of quotes.
-
- machine_id = sprintf('"`uname -n`"')
- mycomputer = @machine_id
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Syntax, Next: Time/Date_data, Prev:
Substitution_and_Command_line_macros, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.29 Syntax
-===========
-
-Options and any accompanying parameters are separated by spaces whereas
-lists and coordinates are separated by commas. Ranges are separated by
-colons and enclosed in brackets [], text and file names are enclosed in
-quotes, and a few miscellaneous things are enclosed in parentheses.
-
- Commas are used to separate coordinates on the 'set' commands *note
-arrow::, 'key', and 'label'; the list of variables being fitted (the
-list after the 'via' keyword on the *note fit:: command); lists of
-discrete contours or the loop parameters which specify them on the *note
-cntrparam:: command; the arguments of the 'set' commands *note
-dgrid3d::, *note dummy::, *note isosamples::, *note offsets::, *note
-origin::, *note samples::, *note size::, 'time', and *note view::; lists
-of tics or the loop parameters which specify them; the offsets for
-titles and axis labels; parametric functions to be used to calculate the
-x, y, and z coordinates on the 'plot', *note replot:: and 'splot'
-commands; and the complete sets of keywords specifying individual plots
-(data sets or functions) on the 'plot', *note replot:: and 'splot'
-commands.
-
- Parentheses are used to delimit sets of explicit tics (as opposed to
-loop parameters) and to indicate computations in the *note using::
-filter of the *note fit::, 'plot', *note replot:: and 'splot' commands.
-
- (Parentheses and commas are also used as usual in function notation.)
-
- Square brackets are used to delimit ranges given in 'set', 'plot' or
-'splot' commands.
-
- Colons are used to separate extrema in 'range' specifications
-(whether they are given on 'set', 'plot' or 'splot' commands) and to
-separate entries in the *note using:: filter of the 'plot', *note
-replot::, 'splot' and *note fit:: commands.
-
- Semicolons are used to separate commands given on a single command
-line.
-
- Curly braces are used in the syntax for enhanced text mode and to
-delimit blocks in if/then/else statements. They are also used to denote
-complex numbers: {3,2} = 3 + 2i.
-
- The EEPIC, Imagen, Uniplex, LaTeX, and TPIC drivers allow a newline
-to be specified by \\ in a single-quoted string or \\\\ in a
-double-quoted string.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Quote_Marks::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Quote_Marks, Prev: Syntax, Up: Syntax
-
-1.29.1 Quote Marks
-------------------
-
-Gnuplot uses three forms of quote marks for delimiting text strings,
-double-quote (ascii 34), single-quote (ascii 39), and backquote (ascii
-96).
-
- Filenames may be entered with either single- or double-quotes. In
-this manual the command examples generally single-quote filenames and
-double-quote other string tokens for clarity.
-
- String constants and text strings used for labels, titles, or other
-plot elements may be enclosed in either single quotes or double quotes.
-Further processing of the quoted text depends on the choice of quote
-marks.
-
- Backslash processing of special characters like \n (newline) and \345
-(octal character code) is performed only for double-quoted strings. In
-single-quoted strings, backslashes are just ordinary characters. To get
-a single-quote (ascii 39) in a single-quoted string, it must be doubled.
-Thus the strings "d\" s' b\\" and 'd" s" b\' are completely equivalent.
-
- Text justification is the same for each line of a multi-line string.
-Thus the center-justified string
- "This is the first line of text.\nThis is the second line."
-
- will produce
- This is the first line of text.
- This is the second line.
-
- but
- 'This is the first line of text.\nThis is the second line.'
-
- will produce
- This is the first line of text.\nThis is the second line.
-
-
- Enhanced text processing is performed for both double-quoted text and
-single-quoted text, but only by terminals supporting this mode. See
-'enhanced text'.
-
- Back-quotes are used to enclose system commands for substitution into
-the command line. See 'substitution'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Time/Date_data, Prev: Syntax, Up: gnuplot
-
-1.30 Time/Date data
-===================
-
-'gnuplot' supports the use of time and/or date information as input
-data. This feature is activated by the commands 'set xdata time', 'set
-ydata time', etc.
-
- Internally all times and dates are converted to the number of seconds
-from the year 1970. The command *note timefmt:: defines the default
-format for all inputs: data files, ranges, tics, label positions -
-anything that accepts a time data value defaults to receiving it in this
-format. Only one default format can be in effect at a given time. Thus
-if both x and y data in a file are time/date, by default they are
-interpreted in the same format. However this default can be replaced
-when reading any particular file or column of input using the *note
-timecolumn:: function in the corresponding *note using:: specifier.
-
- The conversion to and from seconds assumes Universal Time (which is
-the same as Greenwich Standard Time). There is no provision for
-changing the time zone or for daylight savings. If all your data refer
-to the same time zone (and are all either daylight or standard) you
-don't need to worry about these things. But if the absolute time is
-crucial for your application, you'll need to convert to UT yourself.
-
- Commands like *note xrange:: will re-interpret the integer according
-to *note timefmt::. If you change *note timefmt::, and then 'show' the
-quantity again, it will be displayed in the new *note timefmt::. For
-that matter, if you reset the data type flag for that axis (e.g. *note
-xdata::), the quantity will be shown in its numerical form.
-
- The commands 'set format' or 'set tics format' define the format that
-will be used for tic labels, whether or not input for the specified axis
-is time/date.
-
- If time/date information is to be plotted from a file, the *note
-using:: option _must_ be used on the 'plot' or 'splot' command. These
-commands simply use white space to separate columns, but white space may
-be embedded within the time/date string. If you use tabs as a
-separator, some trial-and-error may be necessary to discover how your
-system treats them.
-
- The 'time' function can be used to get the current system time. This
-value can be converted to a date string with the *note strftime::
-function, or it can be used in conjunction with *note timecolumn:: to
-generate relative time/date plots. The type of the argument determines
-what is returned. If the argument is an integer, 'time' returns the
-current time as an integer, in seconds from 1 Jan 1970. If the argument
-is real (or complex), the result is real as well. The precision of the
-fractional (sub-second) part depends on your operating system. If the
-argument is a string, it is assumed to be a format string, and it is
-passed to *note strftime:: to provide a formatted time/date string.
-
- The following example demonstrates time/date plotting.
-
- Suppose the file "data" contains records like
-
- 03/21/95 10:00 6.02e23
-
-
- This file can be plotted by
-
- set xdata time
- set timefmt "%m/%d/%y"
- set xrange ["03/21/95":"03/22/95"]
- set format x "%m/%d"
- set timefmt "%m/%d/%y %H:%M"
- plot "data" using 1:3
-
-
- which will produce xtic labels that look like "03/21".
-
- Gnuplot tracks time to millisecond precision. Time formats have been
-modified to match this. Example: print the current time to msec
-precision
- print strftime("%H:%M:%.3S %d-%b-%Y",time(0.0))
- 18:15:04.253 16-Apr-2011
-
-
- See 'time_specifiers'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: plotting_styles, Next: Commands, Prev: gnuplot,
Up: Top
-
-2 plotting styles
-*****************
-
-Many plotting styles are available in gnuplot. They are listed
-alphabetically below. The commands 'set style data' and 'set style
-function' change the default plotting style for subsequent 'plot' and
-'splot' commands.
-
- You can also specify the plot style explicitly as part of the 'plot'
-or 'splot' command. If you want to mix plot styles within a single
-plot, you must specify the plot style for each component.
-
- Example:
-
- plot 'data' with boxes, sin(x) with lines
-
-
- Each plot style has its own expected set of data entries in a data
-file. For example, by default the 'lines' style expects either a single
-column of y values (with implicit x ordering) or a pair of columns with
-x in the first and y in the second. For more information on how to
-fine-tune how columns in a file are interpreted as plot data, see *note
-using::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* boxerrorbars::
-* boxes::
-* boxplot::
-* boxxyerror::
-* candlesticks::
-* circles::
-* ellipses::
-* dots::
-* filledcurves::
-* financebars::
-* fsteps::
-* fillsteps::
-* histeps::
-* histograms::
-* image::
-* impulses::
-* labels::
-* lines::
-* linespoints::
-* parallelaxes::
-* points::
-* steps::
-* rgbalpha::
-* rgbimage::
-* vectors::
-* xerrorbars::
-* xyerrorbars::
-* yerrorbars::
-* xerrorlines::
-* xyerrorlines::
-* yerrorlines::
-* zerrorfill::
-* 3D_plots::
-* Polar_plots::
-* Bee_swarm_plots::
-* Fence_plots::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: boxerrorbars, Next: boxes, Prev: plotting_styles,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.1 boxerrorbars
-================
-
-The *note boxerrorbars:: style is only relevant to 2D data plotting. It
-is a combination of the *note boxes:: and *note yerrorbars:: styles. It
-requires 3, 4, or 5 columns of data. An additional (4th, 5th or 6th)
-input column may be used to provide variable (per-datapoint) color
-information (see 'linecolor' and 'rgbcolor variable'). The error bar
-will be drawn in the same color as the border of the box.
-
- 3 columns: x y ydelta
- 4 columns: x y ydelta xdelta # boxwidth != -2
- 4 columns: x y ylow yhigh # boxwidth == -2
- 5 columns: x y ylow yhigh xdelta
-
-
- The boxwidth will come from the fourth column if the y errors are
-given as "ydelta" and the boxwidth was not previously set to -2.0 ('set
-boxwidth -2.0') or from the fifth column if the y errors are in the form
-of "ylow yhigh". The special case 'boxwidth = -2.0' is for four-column
-data with y errors in the form "ylow yhigh". In this case the boxwidth
-will be calculated so that each box touches the adjacent boxes. The
-width will also be calculated in cases where three-column data are used.
-
- The box height is determined from the y error in the same way as it
-is for the *note yerrorbars:: style--either from y-ydelta to y+ydelta or
-from ylow to yhigh, depending on how many data columns are provided.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: boxes, Next: boxplot, Prev: boxerrorbars, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.2 boxes
-=========
-
-The *note boxes:: style is only relevant to 2D plotting. It draws a box
-centered about the given x coordinate that extends from the x axis (not
-from the graph border) to the given y coordinate. It uses 2 or 3
-columns of basic data. Additional input columns may be used to provide
-information such as variable line or fill color (see 'rgbcolor
-variable').
-
- 2 columns: x y
- 3 columns: x y x_width
-
-
- The width of the box is obtained in one of three ways. If the input
-data has a third column, this will be used to set the width of the box.
-If not, if a width has been set using the *note boxwidth:: command, this
-will be used. If neither of these is available, the width of each box
-will be calculated automatically so that it touches the adjacent boxes.
-
- The interior of the boxes is drawn according to the current
-fillstyle. See 'set style fill' for details. Alternatively a new
-fillstyle may be specified in the plot command. For fillstyle 'empty'
-the box is not filled. For fillstyle 'solid' the box is filled with a
-solid rectangle of the current drawing color. An optional fillstyle
-parameter controls the fill density; it runs from 0 (background color)
-to 1 (current drawing color). For fillstyle 'pattern' the box is filled
-in the current drawing color with a pattern.
-
- Examples:
-
- To plot a data file with solid filled boxes with a small vertical
-space separating them (bargraph):
-
- set boxwidth 0.9 relative
- set style fill solid 1.0
- plot 'file.dat' with boxes
-
-
- To plot a sine and a cosine curve in pattern-filled boxes style:
-
- set style fill pattern
- plot sin(x) with boxes, cos(x) with boxes
-
-
- The sin plot will use pattern 0; the cos plot will use pattern 1.
-Any additional plots would cycle through the patterns supported by the
-terminal driver.
-
- To specify explicit fillstyles for each dataset:
-
- plot 'file1' with boxes fs solid 0.25, \
- 'file2' with boxes fs solid 0.50, \
- 'file3' with boxes fs solid 0.75, \
- 'file4' with boxes fill pattern 1, \
- 'file5' with boxes fill empty
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: boxplot, Next: boxxyerror, Prev: boxes, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.3 boxplot
-===========
-
-Boxplots are a common way to represent a statistical distribution of
-values. Quartile boundaries are determined such that 1/4 of the points
-have a value equal or less than the first quartile boundary, 1/2 of the
-points have a value equal or less than the second quartile (median)
-value, etc. A box is drawn around the region between the first and
-third quartiles, with a horizontal line at the median value. Whiskers
-extend from the box to user-specified limits. Points that lie outside
-these limits are drawn individually.
-
- Examples
-
- # Place a boxplot at x coordinate 1.0 representing the y values in
column 5
- plot 'data' using (1.0):5
-
-
- # Same plot but suppress outliers and force the width of the boxplot
to 0.3
- set style boxplot nooutliers
- plot 'data' using (1.0):5:(0.3)
-
-
- By default only one boxplot is produced that represents all y values
-from the second column of the using specification. However, an
-additional (fourth) column can be added to the specification. If
-present, the values of that column will be interpreted as the discrete
-levels of a factor variable. As many boxplots will be drawn as there
-are levels in the factor variable. The separation between these
-boxplots is 1.0 by default, but it can be changed by 'set style boxplot
-separation'. By default, the value of the factor variable is shown as a
-tic label below (or above) each boxplot.
-
- Example
-
- # Suppose that column 2 of 'data' contains either "control" or
"treatment"
- # The following example produces two boxplots, one for each level of
the
- # factor
- plot 'data' using (1.0):5:(0):2
-
-
- The default width of the box can be set via 'set boxwidth <width>' or
-may be specified as an optional 3rd column in the *note using:: clause
-of the plot command. The first and third columns (x coordinate and
-width) are normally provided as constants rather than as data columns.
-
- By default the whiskers extend from the ends of the box to the most
-distant point whose y value lies within 1.5 times the interquartile
-range. By default outliers are drawn as circles (point type 7). The
-width of the bars at the end of the whiskers may be controlled using
-'set bars' or *note errorbars::.
-
- These default properties may be changed using the *note boxplot::
-command. See *note boxplot::, 'bars', *note boxwidth::, 'fillstyle',
-*note candlesticks::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: boxxyerror, Next: candlesticks, Prev: boxplot,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.4 boxxyerror
-==============
-
-The *note boxxyerror:: plot style is only relevant to 2D data plotting.
-It is similar to the *note xyerrorbars:: style except that it draws
-rectangular areas rather than crosses. It uses either 4 or 6 basic
-columns of input data. Additional input columns may be used to provide
-information such as variable line or fill color (see 'rgbcolor
-variable').
-
- 4 columns: x y xdelta ydelta
- 6 columns: x y xlow xhigh ylow yhigh
-
-
- The box width and height are determined from the x and y errors in
-the same way as they are for the *note xyerrorbars:: style--either from
-xlow to xhigh and from ylow to yhigh, or from x-xdelta to x+xdelta and
-from y-ydelta to y+ydelta, depending on how many data columns are
-provided.
-
- The 6 column form of the command provides a convenient way to plot
-rectangles with arbitrary x and y bounds.
-
- An additional (5th or 7th) input column may be used to provide
-variable (per-datapoint) color information (see 'linecolor' and
-'rgbcolor variable').
-
- The interior of the boxes is drawn according to the current
-fillstyle. See 'set style fill' and *note boxes:: for details.
-Alternatively a new fillstyle may be specified in the plot command.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: candlesticks, Next: circles, Prev: boxxyerror,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.5 candlesticks
-================
-
-The *note candlesticks:: style can be used for 2D data plotting of
-financial data or for generating box-and-whisker plots of statistical
-data. The symbol is a rectangular box, centered horizontally at the x
-coordinate and limited vertically by the opening and closing prices. A
-vertical line segment at the x coordinate extends up from the top of the
-rectangle to the high price and another down to the low. The vertical
-line will be unchanged if the low and high prices are interchanged.
-
- Five columns of basic data are required:
-
- financial data: date open low high close
- whisker plot: x box_min whisker_min whisker_high box_high
-
-
- The width of the rectangle can be controlled by the *note boxwidth::
-command. For backwards compatibility with earlier gnuplot versions,
-when the boxwidth parameter has not been set then the width of the
-candlestick rectangle is controlled by 'set errorbars <width>'.
-
- Alternatively, an explicit width for each box-and-whiskers grouping
-may be specified in an optional 6th column of data. The width must be
-given in the same units as the x coordinate.
-
- An additional (6th, or 7th if the 6th column is used for width data)
-input column may be used to provide variable (per-datapoint) color
-information (see 'linecolor' and 'rgbcolor variable').
-
- By default the vertical line segments have no crossbars at the top
-and bottom. If you want crossbars, which are typically used for
-box-and-whisker plots, then add the keyword 'whiskerbars' to the plot
-command. By default these whiskerbars extend the full horizontal width
-of the candlestick, but you can modify this by specifying a fraction of
-the full width.
-
- The usual convention for financial data is that the rectangle is
-empty if (open < close) and solid fill if (close < open). This is the
-behavior you will get if the current fillstyle is set to "empty". See
-'fillstyle'. If you set the fillstyle to solid or pattern, then this
-will be used for all boxes independent of open and close values. See
-also *note errorbars:: and *note financebars::. See also the
-candlestick (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/candlesticks.html) and finance
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/finance.html) demos.
-
- Note: To place additional symbols, such as the median value, on a
-box-and-whisker plot requires additional plot commands as in this
-example:
-
- # Data columns:X Min 1stQuartile Median 3rdQuartile Max
- set errorbars 4.0
- set style fill empty
- plot 'stat.dat' using 1:3:2:6:5 with candlesticks title 'Quartiles', \
- '' using 1:4:4:4:4 with candlesticks lt -1 notitle
-
-
- # Plot with crossbars on the whiskers, crossbars are 50% of full width
- plot 'stat.dat' using 1:3:2:6:5 with candlesticks whiskerbars 0.5
-
-
- See *note boxwidth::, *note errorbars::, 'set style fill', and *note
-boxplot::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: circles, Next: ellipses, Prev: candlesticks, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.6 circles
-===========
-
-The *note circles:: style plots a circle with an explicit radius at each
-data point. If three columns of data are present, they are interpreted
-as x, y, radius. The radius is always interpreted in the units of the
-plot's horizontal axis (x or x2). The scale on y and the aspect ratio
-of the plot are both ignored. If only two columns are present, the
-radius is taken from 'set style circle'. In this case the radius may be
-given in graph or screen coordinates.
-
- By default a full circle will be drawn. It is possible to plot arc
-segments instead of full circles by specifying a start and end angle in
-the 4th and 5th columns. An optional 4th or 6th column can specify
-per-circle color. The start and end angles of the circle segments must
-be specified in degrees. See 'set style circle' and 'set style fill'.
-
- Examples:
-
- # draws circles whose area is proportional to the value in column 3
- set style fill transparent solid 0.2 noborder
- plot 'data' using 1:2:(sqrt($3)) with circles, \
- 'data' using 1:2 with linespoints
-
-
- # draws Pac-men instead of circles
- plot 'data' using 1:2:(10):(40):(320) with circles
-
-
- # draw a pie chart with inline data
- set xrange [-15:15]
- set style fill transparent solid 0.9 noborder
- plot '-' using 1:2:3:4:5:6 with circles lc var
- 0 0 5 0 30 1
- 0 0 5 30 70 2
- 0 0 5 70 120 3
- 0 0 5 120 230 4
- 0 0 5 230 360 5
- e
-
-
- The result is similar to using a 'points' plot with variable size
-points and pointstyle 7, except that the circles will scale with the x
-axis range. See also 'set object circle' and 'fillstyle'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ellipses, Next: dots, Prev: circles, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.7 ellipses
-============
-
-The *note ellipses:: style plots an ellipse at each data point. This
-style is only relevant for 2D plotting. Each ellipse is described in
-terms of its center, major and minor diameters, and the angle between
-its major diameter and the x axis.
-
- 2 columns: x y
- 3 columns: x y major_diam
- 4 columns: x y major_diam minor_diam
- 5 columns: x y major_diam minor_diam angle
-
-
- If only two input columns are present, they are taken as the
-coordinates of the centers, and the ellipses will be drawn with the
-default extent (see 'set style ellipse'). The orientation of the
-ellipse, which is defined as the angle between the major diameter and
-the plot's x axis, is taken from the default ellipse style (see 'set
-style ellipse'). If three input columns are provided, the third column
-is used for both diameters. The orientation angle defaults to zero. If
-four columns are present, they are interpreted as x, y, major diameter,
-minor diameter. Note that these are diameters, not radii. An optional
-5th column may be used to specify the orientation angle in degrees. The
-ellipses will also be drawn with their default extent if either of the
-supplied diameters in the 3-4-5 column form is negative.
-
- In all of the above cases, optional variable color data may be given
-in an additional last (3th, 4th, 5th or 6th) column. See *note
-colorspec:: for further information.
-
- By default, the major diameter is interpreted in the units of the
-plot's horizontal axis (x or x2) while the minor diameter in that of the
-vertical (y or y2). This implies that if the x and y axis scales are
-not equal, then the major/minor diameter ratio will no longer be correct
-after rotation. This behavior can be changed with the 'units' keyword,
-however.
-
- There are three alternatives: if 'units xy' is included in the plot
-specification, the axes will be scaled as described above. 'units xx'
-ensures that both diameters are interpreted in units of the x axis,
-while 'units yy' means that both diameters are interpreted in units of
-the y axis. In the latter two cases the ellipses will have the correct
-aspect ratio, even if the plot is resized.
-
- If 'units' is omitted, the default setting will be used, which is
-equivalent to 'units xy'. This can be redefined by 'set style ellipse'.
-
- Example (draws ellipses, cycling through the available line types):
-
- plot 'data' using 1:2:3:4:(0):0 with ellipses
-
-
- See also 'set object ellipse', 'set style ellipse' and 'fillstyle'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dots, Next: filledcurves, Prev: ellipses, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.8 dots
-========
-
-The *note dots:: style plots a tiny dot at each point; this is useful
-for scatter plots with many points. Either 1 or 2 columns of input data
-are required in 2D. Three columns are required in 3D.
-
- For some terminals (post, pdf) the size of the dot can be controlled
-by changing the linewidth.
-
- 1 column y # x is row number
- 2 columns: x y
- 3 columns: x y z # 3D only (splot)
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: filledcurves, Next: financebars, Prev: dots, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.9 filledcurves
-================
-
-The *note filledcurves:: style is only used for 2D plotting. It has
-three variants. The first two variants require either a single function
-or two columns (x,y) of input data, and may be further modified by the
-options listed below.
-
- Syntax:
-
- plot ... with filledcurves [option]
-
-
- where the option can be one of the following
-
- [closed | {above | below}
- {x1 | x2 | y | r}[=<a>] | xy=<x>,<y>]
-
-
- The first variant, 'closed', treats the curve itself as a closed
-polygon. This is the default if there are two columns of input data.
-
- The second variant is to fill the area between the curve and a given
-axis, a horizontal or vertical line, or a point.
-
- filledcurves closed ... just filled closed curve,
- filledcurves x1 ... x1 axis,
- filledcurves x2 ... x2 axis, etc for y1 and y2 axes,
- filledcurves y=42 ... line at y=42, i.e. parallel to x axis,
- filledcurves xy=10,20 ... point 10,20 of x1,y1 axes (arc-like shape).
- filledcurves above r=1.5 the area of a polar plot outside radius 1.5
-
-
- The third variant fills the area between two curves sampled at the
-same set of x coordinates. It requires three columns of input data (x,
-y1, y2). This is the default if there are three or more columns of
-input data. If you have a y value in column 2 and an associated error
-value in column 3 the area of uncertainty can be represented by shading.
-See also the similar 3D plot style *note zerrorfill::.
-
- 3 columns: x y yerror
-
-
- plot $DAT using 1:($2-$3):($2+$3) with filledcurves, \
- $DAT using 1:2 smooth mcs with lines
-
-
- The 'above' and 'below' options apply both to commands of the form
- ... filledcurves above {x1|x2|y|r}=<val>
-
- and to commands of the form
- ... using 1:2:3 with filledcurves below
-
- In either case the option limits the filled area to one side of the
-bounding line or curve.
-
- Notes: Not all terminal types support this plotting mode.
- The x= and y= keywords are ignored for 3 columns data plots
-
-
- Zooming a filled curve drawn from a datafile may produce empty or
-incorrect areas because gnuplot is clipping points and lines, and not
-areas.
-
- If the values <x>, <y>, or <a> are outside the drawing boundary they
-are moved to the graph boundary. Then the actual fill area in the case
-of option xy=<x>,<y> will depend on xrange and yrange.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* fill_properties::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fill_properties, Prev: filledcurves, Up:
filledcurves
-
-2.9.1 fill properties
----------------------
-
-Plotting *note filledcurves:: can be further customized by giving a
-fillstyle (solid/transparent/pattern) or a fillcolor. If no fillstyle
-('fs') is given in the plot command then the current default fill style
-is used. See 'set style fill'. If no fillcolor ('fc') is given in the
-plot command, the usual linetype color sequence is followed.
-
- The {{no}border} property of the fillstyle is honored by filledcurves
-mode 'closed', the default. It is ignored by all other filledcurves
-modes. Example:
- plot 'data' with filledcurves fc "cyan" fs solid 0.5 border lc "blue"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: financebars, Next: fsteps, Prev: filledcurves,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.10 financebars
-================
-
-The *note financebars:: style is only relevant for 2D data plotting of
-financial data. It requires 1 x coordinate (usually a date) and 4 y
-values (prices).
-
- 5 columns: date open low high close
-
-
- An additional (6th) input column may be used to provide variable
-(per-record) color information (see 'linecolor' and 'rgbcolor
-variable').
-
- The symbol is a vertical line segment, located horizontally at the x
-coordinate and limited vertically by the high and low prices. A
-horizontal tic on the left marks the opening price and one on the right
-marks the closing price. The length of these tics may be changed by
-*note errorbars::. The symbol will be unchanged if the high and low
-prices are interchanged. See *note errorbars:: and *note
-candlesticks::, and also the finance demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/finance.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fsteps, Next: fillsteps, Prev: financebars, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.11 fsteps
-===========
-
-The *note fsteps:: style is only relevant to 2D plotting. It connects
-consecutive points with two line segments: the first from (x1,y1) to
-(x1,y2) and the second from (x1,y2) to (x2,y2). The input column
-requires are the same as for plot styles 'lines' and 'points'. The
-difference between *note fsteps:: and *note steps:: is that *note
-fsteps:: traces first the change in y and then the change in x. *note
-steps:: traces first the change in x and then the change in y.
-
- See also steps demo. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/steps.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fillsteps, Next: histeps, Prev: fsteps, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.12 fillsteps
-==============
-
-The *note fillsteps:: style is exactly like *note steps:: except that
-the area between the curve and y=0 is filled in the current fill style.
-See *note steps::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: histeps, Next: histograms, Prev: fillsteps, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.13 histeps
-============
-
-The *note histeps:: style is only relevant to 2D plotting. It is
-intended for plotting histograms. Y-values are assumed to be centered
-at the x-values; the point at x1 is represented as a horizontal line
-from ((x0+x1)/2,y1) to ((x1+x2)/2,y1). The lines representing the end
-points are extended so that the step is centered on at x. Adjacent
-points are connected by a vertical line at their average x, that is,
-from ((x1+x2)/2,y1) to ((x1+x2)/2,y2). The input column requires are
-the same as for plot styles 'lines' and 'points'.
-
- If *note autoscale:: is in effect, it selects the xrange from the
-data rather than the steps, so the end points will appear only half as
-wide as the others. See also steps demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/steps.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: histograms, Next: image, Prev: histeps, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.14 histograms
-===============
-
-The *note histograms:: style is only relevant to 2D plotting. It
-produces a bar chart from a sequence of parallel data columns. Each
-element of the 'plot' command must specify a single input data source
-(e.g. one column of the input file), possibly with associated tic
-values or key titles. Four styles of histogram layout are currently
-supported.
-
- set style histogram clustered {gap <gapsize>}
- set style histogram errorbars {gap <gapsize>} {<linewidth>}
- set style histogram rowstacked
- set style histogram columnstacked
- set style histogram {title font "name,size" tc <colorspec>}
-
-
- The default style corresponds to 'set style histogram clustered gap
-2'. In this style, each set of parallel data values is collected into a
-group of boxes clustered at the x-axis coordinate corresponding to their
-sequential position (row #) in the selected datafile columns. Thus if
-<n> datacolumns are selected, the first cluster is centered about x=1,
-and contains <n> boxes whose heights are taken from the first entry in
-the corresponding <n> data columns. This is followed by a gap and then
-a second cluster of boxes centered about x=2 corresponding to the second
-entry in the respective data columns, and so on. The default gap width
-of 2 indicates that the empty space between clusters is equivalent to
-the width of 2 boxes. All boxes derived from any one column are given
-the same fill color and/or pattern (see 'set style fill').
-
- Each cluster of boxes is derived from a single row of the input data
-file. It is common in such input files that the first element of each
-row is a label. Labels from this column may be placed along the x-axis
-underneath the appropriate cluster of boxes with the 'xticlabels' option
-to *note using::.
-
- The *note errorbars:: style is very similar to the 'clustered' style,
-except that it requires additional columns of input for each entry. The
-first column holds the height (y value) of that box, exactly as for the
-'clustered' style.
- 2 columns: y yerr bar extends from y-yerr to y+err
- 3 columns: y ymin ymax bar extends from ymin to ymax
-
- The appearance of the error bars is controlled by the current value
-of *note errorbars:: and by the optional <linewidth> specification.
-
- Two styles of stacked histogram are supported, chosen by the command
-'set style histogram {rowstacked|columnstacked}'. In these styles the
-data values from the selected columns are collected into stacks of
-boxes. Positive values stack upwards from y=0; negative values stack
-downwards. Mixed positive and negative values will produce both an
-upward stack and a downward stack. The default stacking mode is
-'rowstacked'.
-
- The 'rowstacked' style places a box resting on the x-axis for each
-data value in the first selected column; the first data value results in
-a box a x=1, the second at x=2, and so on. Boxes corresponding to the
-second and subsequent data columns are layered on top of these,
-resulting in a stack of boxes at x=1 representing the first data value
-from each column, a stack of boxes at x=2 representing the second data
-value from each column, and so on. All boxes derived from any one
-column are given the same fill color and/or pattern (see 'set style
-fill').
-
- The 'columnstacked' style is similar, except that each stack of boxes
-is built up from a single data column. Each data value from the first
-specified column yields a box in the stack at x=1, each data value from
-the second specified column yields a box in the stack at x=2, and so on.
-In this style the color of each box is taken from the row number, rather
-than the column number, of the corresponding data field.
-
- Box widths may be modified using the *note boxwidth:: command. Box
-fill styles may be set using the 'set style fill' command.
-
- Histograms always use the x1 axis, but may use either y1 or y2. If a
-plot contains both histograms and other plot styles, the non-histogram
-plot elements may use either the x1 or the x2 axis.
-
- Examples: Suppose that the input file contains data values in columns
-2, 4, 6, ... and error estimates in columns 3, 5, 7, ... This example
-plots the values in columns 2 and 4 as a histogram of clustered boxes
-(the default style). Because we use iteration in the plot command, any
-number of data columns can be handled in a single command. See 'plot
-for'.
-
- set boxwidth 0.9 relative
- set style data histograms
- set style histogram cluster
- set style fill solid 1.0 border lt -1
- plot for [COL=2:4:2] 'file.dat' using COL
-
-
- This will produce a plot with clusters of two boxes (vertical bars)
-centered at each integral value on the x axis. If the first column of
-the input file contains labels, they may be placed along the x-axis
-using the variant command
-
- plot for [COL=2:4:2] 'file.dat' using COL:xticlabels(1)
-
-
- If the file contains both magnitude and range information for each
-value, then error bars can be added to the plot. The following commands
-will add error bars extending from (y-<error>) to (y+<error>), capped by
-horizontal bar ends drawn the same width as the box itself. The error
-bars and bar ends are drawn with linewidth 2, using the border linetype
-from the current fill style.
-
- set errorbars fullwidth
- set style fill solid 1 border lt -1
- set style histogram errorbars gap 2 lw 2
- plot for [COL=2:4:2] 'file.dat' using COL:COL+1
-
-
- This shows how to plot the same data as a rowstacked histogram. Just
-to be different, this example lists the separate columns explicitly
-rather than using iteration.
-
- set style histogram rowstacked
- plot 'file.dat' using 2, '' using 4:xtic(1)
-
-
- This will produce a plot in which each vertical bar corresponds to
-one row of data. Each vertical bar contains a stack of two segments,
-corresponding in height to the values found in columns 2 and 4 of the
-datafile. Finally, the commands
-
- set style histogram columnstacked
- plot 'file.dat' using 2, '' using 4
-
-
- will produce two vertical stacks, one for each column of data. The
-stack at x=1 will contain a box for each entry in column 2 of the
-datafile. The stack at x=2 will contain a box for each parallel entry
-in column 4 of the datafile.
-
- Because this interchanges gnuplot's usual interpretation of input
-rows and columns, the specification of key titles and x-axis tic labels
-must also be modified accordingly. See the comments given below.
-
- set style histogram columnstacked
- plot '' u 5:key(1) # uses first column to generate key
titles
- plot '' u 5 title columnhead # uses first row to generate xtic
labels
-
-
- Note that the two examples just given present exactly the same data
-values, but in different formats.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* newhistogram::
-* automated_iteration_over_multiple_columns::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: newhistogram, Next:
automated_iteration_over_multiple_columns, Prev: histograms, Up: histograms
-
-2.14.1 newhistogram
--------------------
-
-Syntax:
-
- newhistogram {"<title>" {font "name,size"} {tc <colorspec>}}
- {lt <linetype>} {fs <fillstyle>} {at <x-coord>}
-
-
- More than one set of histograms can appear in a single plot. In this
-case you can force a gap between them, and a separate label for each
-set, by using the *note newhistogram:: command. For example
-
- set style histogram cluster
- plot newhistogram "Set A", 'a' using 1, '' using 2, '' using 3, \
- newhistogram "Set B", 'b' using 1, '' using 2, '' using 3
-
-
- The labels "Set A" and "Set B" will appear beneath the respective
-sets of histograms, under the overall x axis label.
-
- The newhistogram command can also be used to force histogram coloring
-to begin with a specific color (linetype). By default colors will
-continue to increment successively even across histogram boundaries.
-Here is an example using the same coloring for multiple histograms
- plot newhistogram "Set A" lt 4, 'a' using 1, '' using 2, '' using
3, \
- newhistogram "Set B" lt 4, 'b' using 1, '' using 2, '' using 3
-
-
- Similarly you can force the next histogram to begin with a specified
-fillstyle. If the fillstyle is set to 'pattern', then the pattern used
-for filling will be incremented automatically.
-
- The 'at <x-coord>' option sets the x coordinate position of the
-following histogram to <x-coord>. For example
-
- set style histogram cluster
- set style data histogram
- set style fill solid 1.0 border -1
- set xtic 1 offset character 0,0.3
- plot newhistogram "Set A", \
- 'file.dat' u 1 t 1, '' u 2 t 2, \
- newhistogram "Set B" at 8, \
- 'file.dat' u 2 t 2, '' u 2 t 2
-
-
- will position the second histogram to start at x=8.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: automated_iteration_over_multiple_columns, Prev:
newhistogram, Up: histograms
-
-2.14.2 automated iteration over multiple columns
-------------------------------------------------
-
-If you want to create a histogram from many columns of data in a single
-file, it is very convenient to use the plot iteration feature. See
-'plot for'. For example, to create stacked histograms of the data in
-columns 3 through 8
-
- set style histogram columnstacked
- plot for [i=3:8] "datafile" using i title columnhead
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: image, Next: impulses, Prev: histograms, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.15 image
-==========
-
-The 'image', *note rgbimage::, and *note rgbalpha:: plotting styles all
-project a uniformly sampled grid of data values onto a plane in either
-2D or 3D. The input data may be an actual bitmapped image, perhaps
-converted from a standard format such as PNG, or a simple array of
-numerical values.
-
- This figure illustrates generation of a heat map from an array of
-scalar values. The current palette is used to map each value onto the
-color assigned to the corresponding pixel.
- plot '-' matrix with image
- 5 4 3 1 0
- 2 2 0 0 1
- 0 0 0 1 0
- 0 1 2 4 3
- e
- e
-
-
- Each pixel (data point) of the input 2D image will become a rectangle
-or parallelipiped in the plot. The coordinates of each data point will
-determine the center of the parallelipiped. That is, an M x N set of
-data will form an image with M x N pixels. This is different from the
-pm3d plotting style, where an M x N set of data will form a surface of
-(M-1) x (N-1) elements. The scan directions for a binary image data
-grid can be further controlled by additional keywords. See 'binary
-keywords flipx', 'keywords center', and 'keywords rotate'.
-
- Image data can be scaled to fill a particular rectangle within a 2D
-plot coordinate system by specifying the x and y extent of each pixel.
-See 'binary keywords dx' and 'dy'. To generate the figure at the right,
-the same input image was placed multiple times, each with a specified
-dx, dy, and origin. The input PNG image of a building is 50x128 pixels.
-The tall building was drawn by mapping this using 'dx=0.5 dy=1.5'. The
-short building used a mapping 'dx=0.5 dy=0.35'.
-
- The 'image' style handles input pixels containing a grayscale or
-color palette value. Thus 2D plots ('plot' command) require 3 columns
-of data (x,y,value), while 3D plots ('splot' command) require 4 columns
-of data (x,y,z,value).
-
- The *note rgbimage:: style handles input pixels that are described by
-three separate values for the red, green, and blue components. Thus 5D
-data (x,y,r,g,b) is needed for 'plot' and 6D data (x,y,z,r,g,b) for
-'splot'. The individual red, green, and blue components are assumed to
-lie in the range [0:255]. This matches the convention used in PNG and
-JPEG files (see *note filetype::). However some data files use an
-alternative convention in which RGB components are floating point values
-in the range [0:1]. To use the *note rgbimage:: style with such data,
-the color component values must be rescaled to the range [0:255].
-
- The *note rgbalpha:: style handles input pixels that contain alpha
-channel (transparency) information in addition to the red, green, and
-blue components. Thus 6D data (x,y,r,g,b,a) is needed for 'plot' and 7D
-data (x,y,z,r,g,b,a) for 'splot'. The r, g, b, and alpha components are
-assumed to lie in the range [0:255]. To plot data for which RGBA
-components are floating point values in the range [0:1] you must rescale
-the components to lie in the range [0:255].
-
-* Menu:
-
-* transparency::
-* image_pixels::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: transparency, Next: image_pixels, Prev: image,
Up: image
-
-2.15.1 transparency
--------------------
-
-The *note rgbalpha:: plotting style assumes that each pixel of input
-data contains an alpha value in the range [0:255]. A pixel with alpha =
-0 is purely transparent and does not alter the underlying contents of
-the plot. A pixel with alpha = 255 is purely opaque. All terminal
-types can handle these two extreme cases. A pixel with 0 < alpha < 255
-is partially transparent. Terminal types that do not support partial
-transparency will round this value to 0 or 255.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: image_pixels, Prev: transparency, Up: image
-
-2.15.2 image pixels
--------------------
-
-Some terminals use device- or library-specific optimizations to render
-image data within a rectangular 2D area. This sometimes produces
-undesirable output, e.g. bad clipping or scaling, missing edges. The
-'pixels' keyword tells gnuplot to use generic code that renders the
-image pixel-by-pixel instead. This rendering mode is slower and may
-result in much larger output files, but should produce a consistent
-rendered view on all terminals. (The 'pixels' options was called
-'failsafe' mode in previous gnuplot versions.) Example:
- plot 'data' with image pixels
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: impulses, Next: labels, Prev: image, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.16 impulses
-=============
-
-The *note impulses:: style displays a vertical line from y=0 to the y
-value of each point (2D) or from z=0 to the z value of each point (3D).
-Note that the y or z values may be negative. Data from additional
-columns can be used to control the color of each impulse. To use this
-style effectively in 3D plots, it is useful to choose thick lines
-(linewidth > 1). This approximates a 3D bar chart.
-
- 1 column: y
- 2 columns: x y # line from [x,0] to [x,y] (2D)
- 3 columns: x y z # line from [x,y,0] to [x,y,z] (3D)
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: labels, Next: lines, Prev: impulses, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.17 labels
-===========
-
-The *note labels:: style reads coordinates and text from a data file and
-places the text string at the corresponding 2D or 3D position. 3 or 4
-input columns of basic data are required. Additional input columns may
-be used to provide properties that vary point by point such as text
-rotation angle (keywords 'rotate variable') or color (see 'textcolor
-variable').
-
- 3 columns: x y string # 2D version
- 4 columns: x y z string # 3D version
-
-
- The font, color, rotation angle and other properties of the printed
-text may be specified as additional command options (see 'set label').
-The example below generates a 2D plot with text labels constructed from
-the city whose name is taken from column 1 of the input file, and whose
-geographic coordinates are in columns 4 and 5. The font size is
-calculated from the value in column 3, in this case the population.
-
- CityName(String,Size) = sprintf("{/=%d %s}", Scale(Size), String)
- plot 'cities.dat' using 5:4:(CityName(stringcolumn(1),$3)) with labels
-
-
- If we did not want to adjust the font size to a different size for
-each city name, the command would be much simpler:
-
- plot 'cities.dat' using 5:4:1 with labels font "Times,8"
-
-
- If the labels are marked as *note hypertext:: then the text only
-appears if the mouse is hovering over the corresponding anchor point.
-See *note hypertext::. In this case you must enable the label's 'point'
-attribute so that there is a point to act as the hypertext anchor:
-
- plot 'cities.dat' using 5:4:1 with labels hypertext point pt 7
-
-
- The *note labels:: style can also be used in place of the 'points'
-style when the set of predefined point symbols is not suitable or not
-sufficiently flexible. For example, here we define a set of chosen
-single-character symbols and assign one of them to each point in a plot
-based on the value in data column 3:
-
- set encoding utf8
- symbol(z) = "∙□+⊙♠♣♡♢"[int(z):int(z)]
- splot 'file' using 1:2:(symbol($3)) with labels
-
-
- This example shows use of labels with variable rotation angle in
-column 4 and textcolor ("tc") in column 5. Note that variable color is
-always taken from the last column in the *note using:: specifier.
-
- plot $Data using 1:2:3:4:5 with labels tc variable rotate variable
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lines, Next: linespoints, Prev: labels, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.18 lines
-==========
-
-The 'lines' style connects adjacent points with straight line segments.
-It may be used in either 2D or 3D plots. The basic form requires 1, 2,
-or 3 columns of input data. Additional input columns may be used to
-provide information such as variable line color (see 'rgbcolor
-variable').
-
- 2D form (no "using" spec)
- 1 column: y # implicit x from row number
- 2 columns: x y
-
- 3D form (no "using" spec)
- 1 column: z # implicit x from row, y from index
- 3 columns: x y z
-
-
- See also 'linetype', 'linewidth', and 'linestyle'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linespoints, Next: parallelaxes, Prev: lines,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.19 linespoints
-================
-
-The *note linespoints:: style (short form 'lp') connects adjacent points
-with straight line segments and then goes back to draw a small symbol at
-each point. Points are drawn with the default size determined by *note
-pointsize:: unless a specific point size is given in the plot command or
-a variable point size is provided in an additional column of input data.
-Additional input columns may also be used to provide information such as
-variable line color. See 'lines' and 'points'.
-
- Two keywords control whether or not every point in the plot is marked
-with a symbol, 'pointinterval' (short form 'pi') and 'pointnumber'
-(short form 'pn').
-
- 'pi N' or 'pi -N' tells gnuplot to only place a symbol on every Nth
-point. A negative value for N will erase the portion of line segment
-that passes underneath the symbol. The size of the erased portion is
-controlled by *note pointintervalbox::.
-
- 'pn N' or 'pn -N' tells gnuplot to label only N of the data points,
-evenly spaced over the data set. As with 'pi', a negative value for N
-will erase the portion of line segment that passes underneath the
-symbol.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: parallelaxes, Next: points, Prev: linespoints,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.20 parallelaxes
-=================
-
-Parallel axis plots can highlight correlation in a multidimensional data
-set. Each input column is associated with a separately scaled vertical
-axis. The column values read from each line of input are connected by
-line segments drawn from axis 1 to axis 2 to axis 3 and so on. That is,
-each line of input is represented by a separate line in the parallel
-axes plot. It is common to use some discrete categorization to assign
-line colors, allowing visual exploration of the correlation between this
-categorization and the axis dimensions. By default gnuplot will
-automatically determine the range and scale of the individual axes from
-the input data, but the usual 'set axis range' commands can be used to
-customize this. See *note paxis::.
-
- The maximum number of parallel axes is fixed at the time the program
-is built. The maximum for this copy of gnuplot is reported by 'show
-version long'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: points, Next: steps, Prev: parallelaxes, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.21 points
-===========
-
-The 'points' style displays a small symbol at each point. The command
-*note pointsize:: may be used to change the default size of the points.
-The point type defaults to that of the linetype. See 'linetype'. If no
-*note using:: spec is found in the plot command, input data columns are
-interpreted implicitly. See 'style lines'.
-
- The first 8 point types are shared by all terminals. Individual
-terminals may provide a much larger number of distinct point types. Use
-the *note test:: command to show what is provided by the current
-terminal settings. Alternatively any single printable character may be
-given instead of a numerical point type, as in the example below.
-Longer strings may be plotted using the plot style *note labels:: rather
-than 'points'.
-
- plot sin(x) with points pt "#"
-
-
- You may use any utf-8 character as the pointtype. See 'utf8'.
-
- When using the keywords 'pointtype', *note pointsize::, or
-'linecolor' in a plot command, the additional keyword 'variable' may be
-given instead of a number. In this case the corresponding properties of
-each point are assigned by additional columns of input data. Variable
-pointsize is always taken from the first additional column provided in a
-*note using:: spec. Variable color is always taken from the last
-additional column. When plotting with style *note linespoints:: it is
-not currently possible to specify separate colors for the lines and the
-points. If all three properties are specified for each point, the order
-of input data columns is thus
-
- plot DATA using x:y:pointsize:pointtype:color \
- with points lc variable pt variable ps variable
-
-
- Note: for information on user-defined program variables, see *note
-variables::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: steps, Next: rgbalpha, Prev: points, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.22 steps
-==========
-
-The *note steps:: style is only relevant to 2D plotting. It connects
-consecutive points with two line segments: the first from (x1,y1) to
-(x2,y1) and the second from (x2,y1) to (x2,y2). The input column
-requires are the same as for plot styles 'lines' and 'points'. The
-difference between *note fsteps:: and *note steps:: is that *note
-fsteps:: traces first the change in y and then the change in x. *note
-steps:: traces first the change in x and then the change in y. To fill
-the area between the curve and the baseline at y=0, use *note
-fillsteps::. See also steps demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/steps.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rgbalpha, Next: rgbimage, Prev: steps, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.23 rgbalpha
-=============
-
-See 'image'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rgbimage, Next: vectors, Prev: rgbalpha, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.24 rgbimage
-=============
-
-See 'image'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: vectors, Next: xerrorbars, Prev: rgbimage, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.25 vectors
-============
-
-The 2D *note vectors:: style draws a vector from (x,y) to
-(x+xdelta,y+ydelta). The 3D *note vectors:: style is similar, but
-requires six columns of basic data. In both cases, an additional input
-column (5th in 2D, 7th in 3D) may be used to provide variable
-(per-datapoint) color information. (see 'linecolor' and 'rgbcolor
-variable'). A small arrowhead is drawn at the end of each vector.
-
- 4 columns: x y xdelta ydelta
- 6 columns: x y z xdelta ydelta zdelta
-
-
- The keywords "with vectors" may be followed by an inline arrow style
-specifications, a reference to a predefined arrow style, or a request to
-read the index of the desired arrow style for each vector from a
-separate column. Note: If you choose "arrowstyle variable" it will fill
-in all arrow properties at the time the corresponding vector is drawn;
-you cannot mix this keyword with other line or arrow style qualifiers in
-the plot command.
-
- plot ... with vectors filled heads
- plot ... with vectors arrowstyle 3
- plot ... using 1:2:3:4:5 with vectors arrowstyle variable
-
-
- Example:
- plot 'file.dat' using 1:2:3:4 with vectors head filled lt 2
- splot 'file.dat' using 1:2:3:(1):(1):(1) with vectors filled head
lw 2
-
-
- splot with vectors is supported only for 'set mapping cartesian'.
-'set clip one' and 'set clip two' affect vectors drawn in 2D. See 'set
-clip' and 'arrowstyle'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xerrorbars, Next: xyerrorbars, Prev: vectors,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.26 xerrorbars
-===============
-
-The *note xerrorbars:: style is only relevant to 2D data plots. *note
-xerrorbars:: is like 'points', except that a horizontal error bar is
-also drawn. At each point (x,y), a line is drawn from (xlow,y) to
-(xhigh,y) or from (x-xdelta,y) to (x+xdelta,y), depending on how many
-data columns are provided. The appearance of the tic mark at the ends
-of the bar is controlled by *note errorbars::. The basic style requires
-either 3 or 4 columns:
-
- 3 columns: x y xdelta
- 4 columns: x y xlow xhigh
-
-
- An additional input column (4th or 5th) may be used to provide
-information such as variable point color.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xyerrorbars, Next: yerrorbars, Prev: xerrorbars,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.27 xyerrorbars
-================
-
-The *note xyerrorbars:: style is only relevant to 2D data plots. *note
-xyerrorbars:: is like 'points', except that horizontal and vertical
-error bars are also drawn. At each point (x,y), lines are drawn from
-(x,y-ydelta) to (x,y+ydelta) and from (x-xdelta,y) to (x+xdelta,y) or
-from (x,ylow) to (x,yhigh) and from (xlow,y) to (xhigh,y), depending
-upon the number of data columns provided. The appearance of the tic
-mark at the ends of the bar is controlled by *note errorbars::. Either
-4 or 6 input columns are required.
-
- 4 columns: x y xdelta ydelta
- 6 columns: x y xlow xhigh ylow yhigh
-
-
- If data are provided in an unsupported mixed form, the *note using::
-filter on the 'plot' command should be used to set up the appropriate
-form. For example, if the data are of the form (x,y,xdelta,ylow,yhigh),
-then you can use
-
- plot 'data' using 1:2:($1-$3):($1+$3):4:5 with xyerrorbars
-
-
- An additional input column (5th or 7th) may be used to provide
-variable (per-datapoint) color information.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: yerrorbars, Next: xerrorlines, Prev: xyerrorbars,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.28 yerrorbars
-===============
-
-The *note yerrorbars:: (or *note errorbars::) style is only relevant to
-2D data plots. *note yerrorbars:: is like 'points', except that a
-vertical error bar is also drawn. At each point (x,y), a line is drawn
-from (x,y-ydelta) to (x,y+ydelta) or from (x,ylow) to (x,yhigh),
-depending on how many data columns are provided. The appearance of the
-tic mark at the ends of the bar is controlled by *note errorbars::.
-
- 2 columns: [implicit x] y ydelta
- 3 columns: x y ydelta
- 4 columns: x y ylow yhigh
-
-
- An additional input column (4th or 5th) may be used to provide
-information such as variable point color.
-
- See also errorbar demo. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/mgr.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xerrorlines, Next: xyerrorlines, Prev:
yerrorbars, Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.29 xerrorlines
-================
-
-The *note xerrorlines:: style is only relevant to 2D data plots. *note
-xerrorlines:: is like *note linespoints::, except that a horizontal
-error line is also drawn. At each point (x,y), a line is drawn from
-(xlow,y) to (xhigh,y) or from (x-xdelta,y) to (x+xdelta,y), depending on
-how many data columns are provided. The appearance of the tic mark at
-the ends of the bar is controlled by *note errorbars::. The basic style
-requires either 3 or 4 columns:
-
- 3 columns: x y xdelta
- 4 columns: x y xlow xhigh
-
-
- An additional input column (4th or 5th) may be used to provide
-information such as variable point color.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xyerrorlines, Next: yerrorlines, Prev:
xerrorlines, Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.30 xyerrorlines
-=================
-
-The *note xyerrorlines:: style is only relevant to 2D data plots. *note
-xyerrorlines:: is like *note linespoints::, except that horizontal and
-vertical error bars are also drawn. At each point (x,y), lines are
-drawn from (x,y-ydelta) to (x,y+ydelta) and from (x-xdelta,y) to
-(x+xdelta,y) or from (x,ylow) to (x,yhigh) and from (xlow,y) to
-(xhigh,y), depending upon the number of data columns provided. The
-appearance of the tic mark at the ends of the bar is controlled by *note
-errorbars::. Either 4 or 6 input columns are required.
-
- 4 columns: x y xdelta ydelta
- 6 columns: x y xlow xhigh ylow yhigh
-
-
- If data are provided in an unsupported mixed form, the *note using::
-filter on the 'plot' command should be used to set up the appropriate
-form. For example, if the data are of the form (x,y,xdelta,ylow,yhigh),
-then you can use
-
- plot 'data' using 1:2:($1-$3):($1+$3):4:5 with xyerrorlines
-
-
- An additional input column (5th or 7th) may be used to provide
-variable (per-datapoint) color information.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: yerrorlines, Next: zerrorfill, Prev:
xyerrorlines, Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.31 yerrorlines
-================
-
-The *note yerrorlines:: (or *note errorlines::) style is only relevant
-to 2D data plots. *note yerrorlines:: is like *note linespoints::,
-except that a vertical error line is also drawn. At each point (x,y), a
-line is drawn from (x,y-ydelta) to (x,y+ydelta) or from (x,ylow) to
-(x,yhigh), depending on how many data columns are provided. The
-appearance of the tic mark at the ends of the bar is controlled by *note
-errorbars::. Either 3 or 4 input columns are required.
-
- 3 columns: x y ydelta
- 4 columns: x y ylow yhigh
-
-
- An additional input column (4th or 5th) may be used to provide
-information such as variable point color.
-
- See also errorbar demo. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/mgr.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zerrorfill, Next: 3D_plots, Prev: yerrorlines,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.32 zerrorfill
-===============
-
-Syntax:
-
- splot DATA using 1:2:3:4[:5] with zerrorfill {fc|fillcolor
<colorspec>}
- {lt|linetype <n>} {<line properties>}
-
-
- The *note zerrorfill:: plot style is similar to one variant of the 2D
-plot style *note filledcurves::. It fills the area between two
-functions or data lines that are sampled at the same x and y points. It
-requires 4 or 5 input columns:
-
- 4 columns: x y z zdelta
- 5 columns: x y z zlow zhigh
-
-
- The area between zlow and zhigh is filled and then a line is drawn
-through the z values. By default both the line and the fill area use
-the same color, but you can change this in the splot command. The fill
-area properties are also affected by the global fill style; see 'set
-style fill'.
-
- If there are multiple curves in the splot command each new curve may
-occlude all previous curves. To get proper depth sorting so that curves
-can only be occluded by curves closer to the viewer, use 'set pm3d
-depthorder base'. Unfortunately this causes all the filled areas to be
-drawn after all of the corresponding lines of z values. In order to see
-both the lines and the depth-sorted fill areas you probably will need to
-make the fill areas partially transparent or use pattern fill rather
-than solid fill.
-
- The fill area in the first two examples below is the same.
-
- splot 'data' using 1:2:3:4 with zerrorfill fillcolor "grey" lt black
- splot 'data' using 1:2:3:($3-$4):($3+$4) with zerrorfill
- splot '+' using 1:(const):(func1($1)):(func2($1)) with zerrorfill
- splot for [k=1:5] datafile[k] with zerrorfill lt black fc lt (k+1)
-
-
- This plot style can also be used to create fence plots. See
-'fenceplots'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: 3D_plots, Next: Polar_plots, Prev: zerrorfill,
Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.33 3D plots
-=============
-
-3D plots are generated using the command 'splot' rather than 'plot'.
-Many of the 2D plot styles (points, images, impulse, labels, vectors)
-can also be used in 3D by providing an extra column of data containing z
-coordinate. Some plot types (pm3d coloring, surfaces, contours) must be
-generated using the 'splot' command even if only a 2D projection is
-wanted.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Surface_plots::
-* 2D_projection_(set_view_map)::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Surface_plots, Next: 2D_projection_(set_view_map),
Prev: 3D_plots, Up: 3D_plots
-
-2.33.1 Surface plots
---------------------
-
-The styles 'splot with lines' and *note surface:: both generate a
-surface made from a grid of lines. Solid surfaces can be generated
-using the style *note pm3d::. Usually the surface is displayed at some
-convenient viewing angle, such that it clearly represents a 3D surface.
-See *note view::. In this case the X, Y, and Z axes are all visible in
-the plot. The illusion of 3D is enhanced by choosing hidden line
-removal or depth-sorted surface elements. See *note hidden3d:: and the
-'depthorder' option of *note pm3d::. The 'splot' command can also
-calculate and draw contour lines corresponding to constant Z values.
-These contour lines may be drawn onto the surface itself, or projected
-onto the XY plane. See *note contour::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: 2D_projection_(set_view_map), Prev: Surface_plots,
Up: 3D_plots
-
-2.33.2 2D projection (set view map)
------------------------------------
-
-An important special case of the 'splot' command is to map the Z
-coordinate onto a 2D surface by projecting the plot along the Z axis.
-See 'set view map'. This plot mode can be used to generate contour
-plots and heat maps. This figure shows contours plotted once with plot
-style 'lines', once with style *note labels::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Polar_plots, Next: Bee_swarm_plots, Prev:
3D_plots, Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.34 Polar plots
-================
-
-Polar plots are generated by changing the current coordinate system to
-polar before issuing a plot command. The option 'set polar' tells
-gnuplot to interpret input 2D coordinates as <angle>,<radius> rather
-than <x>,<y>. Many, but not all, of the 2D plotting styles work in
-polar mode. The figure shows a combination of plot styles 'lines' and
-*note filledcurves::. See 'set polar', *note rrange::, 'set size
-square', *note theta::, *note ttics::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Bee_swarm_plots, Next: Fence_plots, Prev:
Polar_plots, Up: plotting_styles
-
-2.35 Bee swarm plots
-====================
-
-"Bee swarm" plots result from applying jitter to separate overlapping
-points. A typical use is to compare the distribution of y values
-exhibited by two or more categories of points, where the category
-determines the x coordinate. See the *note jitter:: command for how to
-control the overlap criteria and the displacement pattern used for
-jittering. The plots in the figure were created by the same plot
-command but different jitter settings.
- `plot $data using 1:2:1 lc variable`
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Fence_plots, Prev: Bee_swarm_plots, Up:
plotting_styles
-
-2.36 Fence plots
-================
-
-Fence plots combine several 2D plots by aligning their Y coordinates and
-separating them from each other by a displacement along X. Filling the
-area between a base value and each plot's series of Z values enhances
-the visual impact of the alignment on Y and comparison on Z. There are
-several ways such plots can be created in gnuplot. The simplest is to
-use the 5 column variant of the *note zerrorfill:: style. Suppose there
-are separate curves z = Fi(y) indexed by i. A fence plot is generated
-by *note zerrorfill:: using input columns
- i y z_base z_base Fi(y)
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Commands, Next: Terminal_types, Prev:
plotting_styles, Up: Top
-
-3 Commands
-**********
-
-This section lists the commands acceptable to 'gnuplot' in alphabetical
-order. Printed versions of this document contain all commands; the text
-available interactively may not be complete. Indeed, on some systems
-there may be no commands at all listed under this heading.
-
- Note that in most cases unambiguous abbreviations for command names
-and their options are permissible, i.e., "'p f(x) w li'" instead of
-"'plot f(x) with lines'".
-
- In the syntax descriptions, braces ({}) denote optional arguments and
-a vertical bar (|) separates mutually exclusive choices.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Break::
-* cd::
-* call::
-* clear::
-* Continue::
-* Do::
-* evaluate::
-* exit::
-* fit::
-* help::
-* history::
-* if::
-* for::
-* import::
-* load::
-* lower::
-* pause::
-* plot::
-* print::
-* printerr::
-* pwd::
-* quit::
-* raise::
-* refresh::
-* replot::
-* reread::
-* reset::
-* save::
-* set-show::
-* shell::
-* splot::
-* stats_(Statistical_Summary)::
-* system_::
-* test::
-* toggle::
-* undefine::
-* unset::
-* update::
-* While::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Break, Next: cd, Prev: Commands, Up: Commands
-
-3.1 Break
-=========
-
-The 'break' command is only meaningful inside the bracketed iteration
-clause of a 'do' or 'while' statement. It causes the remaining
-statements inside the bracketed clause to be skipped and iteration is
-terminated. Execution resumes at the statement following the closing
-bracket. See also 'continue'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cd, Next: call, Prev: Break, Up: Commands
-
-3.2 cd
-======
-
-The 'cd' command changes the working directory.
-
- Syntax:
- cd '<directory-name>'
-
-
- The directory name must be enclosed in quotes.
-
- Examples:
- cd 'subdir'
- cd ".."
-
-
- It is recommended that Windows users use single-quotes, because
-backslash [\] has special significance inside double-quotes and has to
-be escaped. For example,
- cd "c:\newdata"
-
- fails, but
- cd 'c:\newdata'
- cd "c:\\newdata"
-
- work as expected.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: call, Next: clear, Prev: cd, Up: Commands
-
-3.3 call
-========
-
-The *note call:: command is identical to the 'load' command with one
-exception: the name of the file being loaded may be followed by up to
-nine parameters.
-
- call "inputfile" <param-1> <param-2> <param-3> ... <param-9>
-
-
- Previous versions of gnuplot performed macro-like substitution of the
-special tokens $0, $1, ... $9 with the literal contents of these
-parameters. This mechanism is now deprecated (see *note old-style::).
-
- Gnuplot now provides a set of string variables ARG0, ARG1, ..., ARG9
-and an integer variable ARGC. When a *note call:: command is executed
-ARG0 is set to the name of the input file, ARGC is set to the number of
-parameters present, and ARG1 to ARG9 are loaded from the parameters that
-follow it on the command line. Any existing contents of the ARG
-variables are saved and restored across a *note call:: command.
-
- Because the parameters are stored in ordinary string variables, they
-may be dereferenced by macro expansion (analogous to the old-style
-deprecated syntax). However in many cases it is more natural to use
-them as you would any other variable.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Example::
-* old-style::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Example, Next: old-style, Prev: call, Up: call
-
-3.3.1 Example
--------------
-
- Call site
- MYFILE = "script1.gp"
- FUNC = "sin(x)"
- call MYFILE FUNC 1.23 "This is a plot title"
- Upon entry to the called script
- ARG0 holds "script1.gp"
- ARG1 holds the string "sin(x)"
- ARG2 holds the string "1.23"
- ARG3 holds the string "This is a plot title"
- ARGC is 3
- The script itself can now execute
- plot @ARG1 with lines title ARG3
- print ARG2 * 4.56, @ARG2 * 4.56
- print "This plot produced by script ", ARG0
-
-
- Notice that ARG1 must be dereferenced as a macro, but ARG2 may be
-dereferenced either as a macro (yielding a numerical constant) or a
-variable (yielding that same numerical value after auto-promotion of the
-string "1.23" to a real).
-
- The same result could be obtained directly from a shell script by
-invoking gnuplot with the '-c' command line option:
-
- gnuplot -persist -c "script1.gp" "sin(x)" 1.23 "This is a plot title"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: old-style, Prev: Example, Up: call
-
-3.3.2 old-style
----------------
-
-This describes the call mechanism used by older versions of gnuplot, now
-deprecated.
-
- call "<input-file>" <param-0> <param-1> ... <param-9>
-
-
- The name of the input file must be enclosed in quotes. As each line
-is read from the input file, it is scanned for the following special
-character sequences: $0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $#. If found, the
-sequence '$'+digit is replaced by the corresponding parameter from the
-*note call:: command line. Quote characters are not copied and string
-variable substitution is not performed. The character sequence '$#' is
-replaced by the number of passed parameters. '$' followed by any other
-character is treated as an escape sequence; use '$$' to get a single
-'$'.
-
- Example:
-
- If the file 'calltest.gp' contains the line:
- print "argc=$# p0=$0 p1=$1 p2=$2 p3=$3 p4=$4 p5=$5 p6=$6 p7=x$7x"
-
-
- entering the command:
- call 'calltest.gp' "abcd" 1.2 + "'quoted'" -- "$2"
-
-
- will display:
- argc=7 p0=abcd p1=1.2 p2=+ p3='quoted' p4=- p5=- p6=$2 p7=xx
-
-
- NOTES: This use of the '$' character conflicts both with gnuplot's
-own syntax for datafile columns and with the use of '$' to indicate
-environmental variables in a unix-like shell. The special sequence '$#'
-was mis-interpreted as a comment delimiter in gnuplot versions 4.5
-through 4.6.3. Quote characters are ignored during substitution, so
-string constants are easily corrupted.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: clear, Next: Continue, Prev: call, Up: Commands
-
-3.4 clear
-=========
-
-The *note clear:: command erases the current screen or output device as
-specified by *note terminal:: and *note output::. This usually
-generates a formfeed on hardcopy devices.
-
- For some terminals *note clear:: erases only the portion of the
-plotting surface defined by *note size::, so for these it can be used in
-conjunction with *note multiplot:: to create an inset.
-
- Example:
- set multiplot
- plot sin(x)
- set origin 0.5,0.5
- set size 0.4,0.4
- clear
- plot cos(x)
- unset multiplot
-
-
- Please see *note multiplot::, *note size::, and *note origin:: for
-details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Continue, Next: Do, Prev: clear, Up: Commands
-
-3.5 Continue
-============
-
-The 'continue' command is only meaningful inside the bracketed iteration
-clause of a 'do' or 'while' statement. It causes the remaining
-statements inside the bracketed clause to be skipped. Execution resumes
-at the start of the next iteration (if any remain in the loop
-condition). See also 'break'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Do, Next: evaluate, Prev: Continue, Up: Commands
-
-3.6 Do
-======
-
-Syntax:
- do for <iteration-spec> {
- <commands>
- <commands>
- }
-
- Execute a sequence of commands multiple times. The commands must be
-enclosed in curly brackets, and the opening "{" must be on the same line
-as the 'do' keyword. This command cannot be used with old-style
-(un-bracketed) if/else statements. See 'if'. For examples of iteration
-specifiers, see *note iteration::. Example:
- set multiplot layout 2,2
- do for [name in "A B C D"] {
- filename = name . ".dat"
- set title sprintf("Condition %s",name)
- plot filename title name
- }
- unset multiplot
-
- See also 'while', 'continue', 'break'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: evaluate, Next: exit, Prev: Do, Up: Commands
-
-3.7 evaluate
-============
-
-The *note evaluate:: command executes the commands given as an argument
-string. Newline characters are not allowed within the string.
-
- Syntax:
- eval <string expression>
-
-
- This is especially useful for a repetition of similar commands.
-
- Example:
- set_label(x, y, text) \
- = sprintf("set label '%s' at %f, %f point pt 5", text, x, y)
- eval set_label(1., 1., 'one/one')
- eval set_label(2., 1., 'two/one')
- eval set_label(1., 2., 'one/two')
-
-
- Please see *note macros:: for another way to execute commands from a
-string.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: exit, Next: fit, Prev: evaluate, Up: Commands
-
-3.8 exit
-========
-
- exit
- exit message "error message text"
- exit status <integer error code>
-
-
- The commands *note exit:: and *note quit::, as well as the
-END-OF-FILE character (usually Ctrl-D) terminate input from the current
-input stream: terminal session, pipe, or file input (pipe). If input
-streams are nested (inherited 'load' scripts), then reading will
-continue in the parent stream. When the top level stream is closed, the
-program itself will exit.
-
- The command 'exit gnuplot' will immediately and unconditionally cause
-gnuplot to exit even if the input stream is multiply nested. In this
-case any open output files may not be completed cleanly. Example of
-use:
-
- bind "ctrl-x" "unset output; exit gnuplot"
-
-
- The command 'exit error "error message"' simulates a program error.
-In interactive mode it prints the error message and returns to the
-command line, breaking out of all nested loops or calls. In
-non-interactive mode the program will exit.
-
- When gnuplot exits to the controlling shell, the return value is not
-usually informative. This variant of the command allows you to return a
-specific value. This command is EXPERIMENTAL. Details may change;
-appearance in version 5.4 is not guaranteed.
-
- exit status <value>
-
-
- See help for 'batch/interactive' for more details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fit, Next: help, Prev: exit, Up: Commands
-
-3.9 fit
-=======
-
-The *note fit:: command fits a user-supplied real-valued expression to a
-set of data points, using the nonlinear least-squares
-Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm. There can be up to 12 independent
-variables, there is always 1 dependent variable, and any number of
-parameters can be fitted. Optionally, error estimates can be input for
-weighting the data points.
-
- The basic use of *note fit:: is best explained by a simple example:
-
- f(x) = a + b*x + c*x**2
- fit f(x) 'measured.dat' using 1:2 via a,b,c
- plot 'measured.dat' u 1:2, f(x)
-
-
- Syntax:
- fit {<ranges>} <expression>
- '<datafile>' {datafile-modifiers}
- {{unitweights} | {y|xy|z}error | errors <var1>{,<var2>,...}}
- via '<parameter file>' | <var1>{,<var2>,...}
-
-
- Ranges may be specified to filter the data used in fitting.
-Out-of-range data points are ignored. The syntax is
- [{dummy_variable=}{<min>}{:<max>}],
-
- analogous to 'plot'; see *note ranges::.
-
- <expression> can be any valid 'gnuplot' expression, although the most
-common is a previously user-defined function of the form f(x) or f(x,y).
-It must be real-valued. The names of the independent variables are set
-by the *note dummy:: command, or in the <ranges> part of the command
-(see below); by default, the first two are called x and y. Furthermore,
-the expression should depend on one or more variables whose value is to
-be determined by the fitting procedure.
-
- <datafile> is treated as in the 'plot' command. All the *note
-datafile:: modifiers (*note using::, *note every::,...) except *note
-smooth:: are applicable to *note fit::. See *note datafile::.
-
- The datafile contents can be interpreted flexibly by providing a
-*note using:: qualifier as with plot commands. For example to generate
-the independent variable x as the sum of columns 2 and 3, while taking z
-from column 6 and requesting equal weights:
-
- fit ... using ($2+$3):6
-
-
- In the absence of a *note using:: specification, the fit implicitly
-assumes there is only a single independent variable. If the file
-itself, or the using specification, contains only a single column of
-data, the line number is taken as the independent variable. If a *note
-using:: specification is given, there can be up to 12 independent
-variables (and more if specially configured at compile time).
-
- The 'unitweights' option, which is the default, causes all data
-points to be weighted equally. This can be changed by using the
-'errors' keyword to read error estimates of one or more of the variables
-from the data file. These error estimates are interpreted as the
-standard deviation s of the corresponding variable value and used to
-compute a weight for the datum as 1/s**2.
-
- In case of error estimates of the independent variables, these
-weights are further multiplied by fitting function derivatives according
-to the "effective variance method" (Jay Orear, Am. J. Phys., Vol. 50,
-1982).
-
- The 'errors' keyword is to be followed by a comma-separated list of
-one or more variable names for which errors are to be input; the
-dependent variable z must always be among them, while independent
-variables are optional. For each variable in this list, an additional
-column will be read from the file, containing that variable's error
-estimate. Again, flexible interpretation is possible by providing the
-*note using:: qualifier. Note that the number of independent variables
-is thus implicitly given by the total number of columns in the *note
-using:: qualifier, minus 1 (for the dependent variable), minus the
-number of variables in the 'errors' qualifier.
-
- As an example, if one has 2 independent variables, and errors for the
-first independent variable and the dependent variable, one uses the
-'errors x,z' qualifier, and a *note using:: qualifier with 5 columns,
-which are interpreted as x:y:z:sx:sz (where x and y are the independent
-variables, z the dependent variable, and sx and sz the standard
-deviations of x and z).
-
- A few shorthands for the 'errors' qualifier are available: 'yerrors'
-(for fits with 1 column of independent variable), and 'zerrors' (for the
-general case) are all equivalent to 'errors z', indicating that there is
-a single extra column with errors of the dependent variable.
-
- 'xyerrors', for the case of 1 independent variable, indicates that
-there are two extra columns, with errors of both the independent and the
-dependent variable. In this case the errors on x and y are treated by
-Orear's effective variance method.
-
- Note that 'yerror' and 'xyerror' are similar in both form and
-interpretation to the *note yerrorlines:: and *note xyerrorlines:: 2D
-plot styles.
-
- With the command 'set fit v4' the fit command syntax is compatible
-with 'gnuplot' version 4 and before. Then there must be two more *note
-using:: qualifiers (z and s) than there are independent variables,
-unless there is only one variable. 'gnuplot' then uses the following
-formats, depending on the number of columns given in the *note using::
-specification:
-
- z # 1 independent variable (line number)
- x:z # 1 independent variable (1st column)
- x:z:s # 1 independent variable (3 columns
total)
- x:y:z:s # 2 independent variables (4 columns
total)
- x1:x2:x3:z:s # 3 independent variables (5 columns
total)
- x1:x2:x3:...:xN:z:s # N independent variables (N+2 columns
total)
-
-
- Please beware that this means that you have to supply z-errors s in a
-fit with two or more independent variables. If you want unit weights
-you need to supply them explicitly by using e.g. then format x:y:z:(1).
-
- The dummy variable names may be changed when specifying a range as
-noted above. The first range corresponds to the first *note using::
-spec, and so on. A range may also be given for z (the dependent
-variable), in which case data points for which f(x,...) is out of the z
-range will not contribute to the residual being minimized.
-
- Multiple datasets may be simultaneously fit with functions of one
-independent variable by making y a 'pseudo-variable', e.g., the dataline
-number, and fitting as two independent variables. See *note
-multi-branch::.
-
- The 'via' qualifier specifies which parameters are to be optimized,
-either directly, or by referencing a parameter file.
-
- Examples:
- f(x) = a*x**2 + b*x + c
- g(x,y) = a*x**2 + b*y**2 + c*x*y
- set fit limit 1e-6
- fit f(x) 'measured.dat' via 'start.par'
- fit f(x) 'measured.dat' using 3:($7-5) via 'start.par'
- fit f(x) './data/trash.dat' using 1:2:3 yerror via a, b, c
- fit g(x,y) 'surface.dat' using 1:2:3 via a, b, c
- fit a0 + a1*x/(1 + a2*x/(1 + a3*x)) 'measured.dat' via a0,a1,a2,a3
- fit a*x + b*y 'surface.dat' using 1:2:3 via a,b
- fit [*:*][yaks=*:*] a*x+b*yaks 'surface.dat' u 1:2:3 via a,b
-
-
- fit [][][t=*:*] a*x + b*y + c*t 'foo.dat' using 1:2:3:4 via a,b,c
-
-
- set dummy x1, x2, x3, x4, x5
- h(x1,x2,x3,x4,s5) = a*x1 + b*x2 + c*x3 + d*x4 + e*x5
- fit h(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5) 'foo.dat' using 1:2:3:4:5:6 via a,b,c,d,e
-
-
- After each iteration step, detailed information about the current
-state of the fit is written to the display. The same information about
-the initial and final states is written to a log file, "fit.log". This
-file is always appended to, so as to not lose any previous fit history;
-it should be deleted or renamed as desired. By using the command 'set
-fit logfile', the name of the log file can be changed.
-
- If activated by using 'set fit errorvariables', the error for each
-fitted parameter will be stored in a variable named like the parameter,
-but with "_err" appended. Thus the errors can be used as input for
-further computations.
-
- If 'set fit prescale' is activated, fit parameters are prescaled by
-their initial values. This helps the Marquardt-Levenberg routine
-converge more quickly and reliably in cases where parameters differ in
-size by several orders of magnitude.
-
- The fit may be interrupted by pressing Ctrl-C (Ctrl-Break in
-wgnuplot). After the current iteration completes, you have the option
-to (1) stop the fit and accept the current parameter values, (2)
-continue the fit, (3) execute a 'gnuplot' command as specified by 'set
-fit script' or the environment variable 'FIT_SCRIPT'. The default is
-*note replot::, so if you had previously plotted both the data and the
-fitting function in one graph, you can display the current state of the
-fit.
-
- Once *note fit:: has finished, the *note fit:: command may be used to
-store final values in a file for subsequent use as a parameter file.
-See *note fit:: for details.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* adjustable_parameters::
-* short_introduction::
-* error_estimates::
-* control::
-* multi-branch::
-* starting_values::
-* tips::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: adjustable_parameters, Next: short_introduction,
Prev: fit, Up: fit
-
-3.9.1 adjustable parameters
----------------------------
-
-There are two ways that 'via' can specify the parameters to be adjusted,
-either directly on the command line or indirectly, by referencing a
-parameter file. The two use different means to set initial values.
-
- Adjustable parameters can be specified by a comma-separated list of
-variable names after the 'via' keyword. Any variable that is not
-already defined is created with an initial value of 1.0. However, the
-fit is more likely to converge rapidly if the variables have been
-previously declared with more appropriate starting values.
-
- In a parameter file, each parameter to be varied and a corresponding
-initial value are specified, one per line, in the form
- varname = value
-
-
- Comments, marked by '#', and blank lines are permissible. The
-special form
- varname = value # FIXED
-
-
- means that the variable is treated as a 'fixed parameter',
-initialized by the parameter file, but not adjusted by *note fit::. For
-clarity, it may be useful to designate variables as fixed parameters so
-that their values are reported by *note fit::. The keyword '# FIXED'
-has to appear in exactly this form.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: short_introduction, Next: error_estimates, Prev:
adjustable_parameters, Up: fit
-
-3.9.2 short introduction
-------------------------
-
-*note fit:: is used to find a set of parameters that 'best' fits your
-data to your user-defined function. The fit is judged on the basis of
-the sum of the squared differences or 'residuals' (SSR) between the
-input data points and the function values, evaluated at the same places.
-This quantity is often called 'chisquare' (i.e., the Greek letter chi,
-to the power of 2). The algorithm attempts to minimize SSR, or more
-precisely, WSSR, as the residuals are 'weighted' by the input data
-errors (or 1.0) before being squared; see 'fit error_estimates' for
-details.
-
- That's why it is called 'least-squares fitting'. Let's look at an
-example to see what is meant by 'non-linear', but first we had better go
-over some terms. Here it is convenient to use z as the dependent
-variable for user-defined functions of either one independent variable,
-z=f(x), or two independent variables, z=f(x,y). A parameter is a
-user-defined variable that *note fit:: will adjust, i.e., an unknown
-quantity in the function declaration. Linearity/non-linearity refers to
-the relationship of the dependent variable, z, to the parameters which
-*note fit:: is adjusting, not of z to the independent variables, x
-and/or y. (To be technical, the second {and higher} derivatives of the
-fitting function with respect to the parameters are zero for a linear
-least-squares problem).
-
- For linear least-squares (LLS), the user-defined function will be a
-sum of simple functions, not involving any parameters, each multiplied
-by one parameter. NLLS handles more complicated functions in which
-parameters can be used in a large number of ways. An example that
-illustrates the difference between linear and nonlinear least-squares is
-the Fourier series. One member may be written as
- z=a*sin(c*x) + b*cos(c*x).
-
- If a and b are the unknown parameters and c is constant, then
-estimating values of the parameters is a linear least-squares problem.
-However, if c is an unknown parameter, the problem is nonlinear.
-
- In the linear case, parameter values can be determined by
-comparatively simple linear algebra, in one direct step. However LLS is
-a special case which is also solved along with more general NLLS
-problems by the iterative procedure that 'gnuplot' uses. *note fit::
-attempts to find the minimum by doing a search. Each step (iteration)
-calculates WSSR with a new set of parameter values. The
-Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm selects the parameter values for the next
-iteration. The process continues until a preset criterion is met,
-either (1) the fit has "converged" (the relative change in WSSR is less
-than a certain limit, see 'set fit limit'), or (2) it reaches a preset
-iteration count limit (see 'set fit maxiter'). The fit may also be
-interrupted and subsequently halted from the keyboard (see *note fit::).
-The user variable FIT_CONVERGED contains 1 if the previous fit command
-terminated due to convergence; it contains 0 if the previous fit
-terminated for any other reason. FIT_NITER contains the number of
-iterations that were done during the last fit.
-
- Often the function to be fitted will be based on a model (or theory)
-that attempts to describe or predict the behaviour of the data. Then
-*note fit:: can be used to find values for the free parameters of the
-model, to determine how well the data fits the model, and to estimate an
-error range for each parameter. See 'fit error_estimates'.
-
- Alternatively, in curve-fitting, functions are selected independent
-of a model (on the basis of experience as to which are likely to
-describe the trend of the data with the desired resolution and a minimum
-number of parameters*functions.) The *note fit:: solution then provides
-an analytic representation of the curve.
-
- However, if all you really want is a smooth curve through your data
-points, the *note smooth:: option to 'plot' may be what you've been
-looking for rather than *note fit::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: error_estimates, Next: control, Prev:
short_introduction, Up: fit
-
-3.9.3 error estimates
----------------------
-
-In *note fit::, the term "error" is used in two different contexts, data
-error estimates and parameter error estimates.
-
- Data error estimates are used to calculate the relative weight of
-each data point when determining the weighted sum of squared residuals,
-WSSR or chisquare. They can affect the parameter estimates, since they
-determine how much influence the deviation of each data point from the
-fitted function has on the final values. Some of the *note fit:: output
-information, including the parameter error estimates, is more meaningful
-if accurate data error estimates have been provided.
-
- The 'statistical overview' describes some of the *note fit:: output
-and gives some background for the 'practical guidelines'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* statistical_overview::
-* practical_guidelines::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: statistical_overview, Next: practical_guidelines,
Prev: error_estimates, Up: error_estimates
-
-3.9.3.1 statistical overview
-............................
-
-The theory of non-linear least-squares (NLLS) is generally described in
-terms of a normal distribution of errors, that is, the input data is
-assumed to be a sample from a population having a given mean and a
-Gaussian (normal) distribution about the mean with a given standard
-deviation. For a sample of sufficiently large size, and knowing the
-population standard deviation, one can use the statistics of the
-chisquare distribution to describe a "goodness of fit" by looking at the
-variable often called "chisquare". Here, it is sufficient to say that a
-reduced chisquare (chisquare/degrees of freedom, where degrees of
-freedom is the number of datapoints less the number of parameters being
-fitted) of 1.0 is an indication that the weighted sum of squared
-deviations between the fitted function and the data points is the same
-as that expected for a random sample from a population characterized by
-the function with the current value of the parameters and the given
-standard deviations.
-
- If the standard deviation for the population is not constant, as in
-counting statistics where variance = counts, then each point should be
-individually weighted when comparing the observed sum of deviations and
-the expected sum of deviations.
-
- At the conclusion *note fit:: reports 'stdfit', the standard
-deviation of the fit, which is the rms of the residuals, and the
-variance of the residuals, also called 'reduced chisquare' when the data
-points are weighted. The number of degrees of freedom (the number of
-data points minus the number of fitted parameters) is used in these
-estimates because the parameters used in calculating the residuals of
-the datapoints were obtained from the same data. If the data points
-have weights, 'gnuplot' calculates the so-called p-value, i.e. one
-minus the cumulative distribution function of the chisquare-distribution
-for the number of degrees of freedom and the resulting chisquare, see
-'practical_guidelines'. These values are exported to the variables
- FIT_NDF = Number of degrees of freedom
- FIT_WSSR = Weighted sum-of-squares residual
- FIT_STDFIT = sqrt(WSSR/NDF)
- FIT_P = p-value
-
-
- To estimate confidence levels for the parameters, one can use the
-minimum chisquare obtained from the fit and chisquare statistics to
-determine the value of chisquare corresponding to the desired confidence
-level, but considerably more calculation is required to determine the
-combinations of parameters which produce such values.
-
- Rather than determine confidence intervals, *note fit:: reports
-parameter error estimates which are readily obtained from the
-variance-covariance matrix after the final iteration. By convention,
-these estimates are called "standard errors" or "asymptotic standard
-errors", since they are calculated in the same way as the standard
-errors (standard deviation of each parameter) of a linear least-squares
-problem, even though the statistical conditions for designating the
-quantity calculated to be a standard deviation are not generally valid
-for the NLLS problem. The asymptotic standard errors are generally
-over-optimistic and should not be used for determining confidence
-levels, but are useful for qualitative purposes.
-
- The final solution also produces a correlation matrix indicating
-correlation of parameters in the region of the solution; The main
-diagonal elements, autocorrelation, are always 1; if all parameters were
-independent, the off-diagonal elements would be nearly 0. Two variables
-which completely compensate each other would have an off-diagonal
-element of unit magnitude, with a sign depending on whether the relation
-is proportional or inversely proportional. The smaller the magnitudes
-of the off-diagonal elements, the closer the estimates of the standard
-deviation of each parameter would be to the asymptotic standard error.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: practical_guidelines, Prev: statistical_overview,
Up: error_estimates
-
-3.9.3.2 practical guidelines
-............................
-
-If you have a basis for assigning weights to each data point, doing so
-lets you make use of additional knowledge about your measurements, e.g.,
-take into account that some points may be more reliable than others.
-That may affect the final values of the parameters.
-
- Weighting the data provides a basis for interpreting the additional
-*note fit:: output after the last iteration. Even if you weight each
-point equally, estimating an average standard deviation rather than
-using a weight of 1 makes WSSR a dimensionless variable, as chisquare is
-by definition.
-
- Each fit iteration will display information which can be used to
-evaluate the progress of the fit. (An '*' indicates that it did not
-find a smaller WSSR and is trying again.) The 'sum of squares of
-residuals', also called 'chisquare', is the WSSR between the data and
-your fitted function; *note fit:: has minimized that. At this stage,
-with weighted data, chisquare is expected to approach the number of
-degrees of freedom (data points minus parameters). The WSSR can be used
-to calculate the reduced chisquare (WSSR/ndf) or stdfit, the standard
-deviation of the fit, sqrt(WSSR/ndf). Both of these are reported for
-the final WSSR.
-
- If the data are unweighted, stdfit is the rms value of the deviation
-of the data from the fitted function, in user units.
-
- If you supplied valid data errors, the number of data points is large
-enough, and the model is correct, the reduced chisquare should be about
-unity. (For details, look up the 'chi-squared distribution' in your
-favorite statistics reference.) If so, there are additional tests,
-beyond the scope of this overview, for determining how well the model
-fits the data.
-
- A reduced chisquare much larger than 1.0 may be due to incorrect data
-error estimates, data errors not normally distributed, systematic
-measurement errors, 'outliers', or an incorrect model function. A plot
-of the residuals, e.g., 'plot 'datafile' using 1:($2-f($1))', may help
-to show any systematic trends. Plotting both the data points and the
-function may help to suggest another model.
-
- Similarly, a reduced chisquare less than 1.0 indicates WSSR is less
-than that expected for a random sample from the function with normally
-distributed errors. The data error estimates may be too large, the
-statistical assumptions may not be justified, or the model function may
-be too general, fitting fluctuations in a particular sample in addition
-to the underlying trends. In the latter case, a simpler function may be
-more appropriate.
-
- The p-value of the fit is one minus the cumulative distribution
-function of the chisquare-distribution for the number of degrees of
-freedom and the resulting chisquare. This can serve as a measure of the
-goodness-of-fit. The range of the p-value is between zero and one. A
-very small or large p-value indicates that the model does not describe
-the data and its errors well. As described above, this might indicate a
-problem with the data, its errors or the model, or a combination
-thereof. A small p-value might indicate that the errors have been
-underestimated and the errors of the final parameters should thus be
-scaled. See also 'set fit errorscaling'.
-
- You'll have to get used to both *note fit:: and the kind of problems
-you apply it to before you can relate the standard errors to some more
-practical estimates of parameter uncertainties or evaluate the
-significance of the correlation matrix.
-
- Note that *note fit::, in common with most NLLS implementations,
-minimizes the weighted sum of squared distances (y-f(x))**2. It does
-not provide any means to account for "errors" in the values of x, only
-in y. Also, any "outliers" (data points outside the normal distribution
-of the model) will have an exaggerated effect on the solution.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: control, Next: multi-branch, Prev:
error_estimates, Up: fit
-
-3.9.4 control
--------------
-
-Settings of the *note fit:: command are controlled by *note fit::. The
-old 'gnuplot' user variables are deprecated as of version 5, see *note
-variables::.
-
- There are a number of environment variables that can be defined to
-affect *note fit:: before starting 'gnuplot', see 'fit control
-environment'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* control_variables::
-* environment_variables::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: control_variables, Next: environment_variables,
Prev: control, Up: control
-
-3.9.4.1 control variables
-.........................
-
-The user defined variables described here are deprecated, see *note
-fit::.
-
- The default epsilon limit (1e-5) may be changed by declaring a value
-for
- FIT_LIMIT
-
- When the sum of squared residuals changes between two iteration steps
-by a factor less than this number (epsilon), the fit is considered to
-have 'converged'.
-
- The maximum number of iterations may be limited by declaring a value
-for
- FIT_MAXITER
-
- A value of 0 (or not defining it at all) means that there is no
-limit.
-
- If you need even more control about the algorithm, and know the
-Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm well, there are some more variables to
-influence it. The startup value of 'lambda' is normally calculated
-automatically from the ML-matrix, but if you want to, you may provide
-your own one with
- FIT_START_LAMBDA
-
- Specifying FIT_START_LAMBDA as zero or less will re-enable the
-automatic selection. The variable
- FIT_LAMBDA_FACTOR
-
- gives the factor by which 'lambda' is increased or decreased whenever
-the chi-squared target function increased or decreased significantly.
-Setting FIT_LAMBDA_FACTOR to zero re-enables the default factor of 10.0.
-
- Other variables with the FIT_ prefix may be added to *note fit::, so
-it is safer not to use that prefix for user-defined variables.
-
- The variables FIT_SKIP and FIT_INDEX were used by earlier releases of
-'gnuplot' with a 'fit' patch called 'gnufit' and are no longer
-available. The datafile *note every:: modifier provides the
-functionality of FIT_SKIP. FIT_INDEX was used for multi-branch fitting,
-but multi-branch fitting of one independent variable is now done as a
-pseudo-3D fit in which the second independent variable and *note using::
-are used to specify the branch. See *note multi-branch::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: environment_variables, Prev: control_variables,
Up: control
-
-3.9.4.2 environment variables
-.............................
-
-The environment variables must be defined before 'gnuplot' is executed;
-how to do so depends on your operating system.
-
- FIT_LOG
-
- changes the name (and/or path) of the file to which the fit log will
-be written from the default of "fit.log" in the working directory. The
-default value can be overwritten using the command 'set fit logfile'.
-
- FIT_SCRIPT
-
- specifies a command that may be executed after an user interrupt.
-The default is *note replot::, but a 'plot' or 'load' command may be
-useful to display a plot customized to highlight the progress of the
-fit. This setting can also be changed using 'set fit script'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: multi-branch, Next: starting_values, Prev:
control, Up: fit
-
-3.9.5 multi-branch
-------------------
-
-In multi-branch fitting, multiple data sets can be simultaneously fit
-with functions of one independent variable having common parameters by
-minimizing the total WSSR. The function and parameters (branch) for each
-data set are selected by using a 'pseudo-variable', e.g., either the
-dataline number (a 'column' index of -1) or the datafile index (-2), as
-the second independent variable.
-
- Example: Given two exponential decays of the form, z=f(x), each
-describing a different data set but having a common decay time, estimate
-the values of the parameters. If the datafile has the format x:z:s,
-then
- f(x,y) = (y==0) ? a*exp(-x/tau) : b*exp(-x/tau)
- fit f(x,y) 'datafile' using 1:-2:2:3 via a, b, tau
-
-
- For a more complicated example, see the file "hexa.fnc" used by the
-"fit.dem" demo.
-
- Appropriate weighting may be required since unit weights may cause
-one branch to predominate if there is a difference in the scale of the
-dependent variable. Fitting each branch separately, using the
-multi-branch solution as initial values, may give an indication as to
-the relative effect of each branch on the joint solution.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: starting_values, Next: tips, Prev: multi-branch,
Up: fit
-
-3.9.6 starting values
----------------------
-
-Nonlinear fitting is not guaranteed to converge to the global optimum
-(the solution with the smallest sum of squared residuals, SSR), and can
-get stuck at a local minimum. The routine has no way to determine that;
-it is up to you to judge whether this has happened.
-
- *note fit:: may, and often will get "lost" if started far from a
-solution, where SSR is large and changing slowly as the parameters are
-varied, or it may reach a numerically unstable region (e.g., too large a
-number causing a floating point overflow) which results in an "undefined
-value" message or 'gnuplot' halting.
-
- To improve the chances of finding the global optimum, you should set
-the starting values at least roughly in the vicinity of the solution,
-e.g., within an order of magnitude, if possible. The closer your
-starting values are to the solution, the less chance of stopping at a
-false minimum. One way to find starting values is to plot data and the
-fitting function on the same graph and change parameter values and *note
-replot:: until reasonable similarity is reached. The same plot is also
-useful to check whether the fit found a false minimum.
-
- Of course finding a nice-looking fit does not prove there is no
-"better" fit (in either a statistical sense, characterized by an
-improved goodness-of-fit criterion, or a physical sense, with a solution
-more consistent with the model.) Depending on the problem, it may be
-desirable to *note fit:: with various sets of starting values, covering
-a reasonable range for each parameter.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tips, Prev: starting_values, Up: fit
-
-3.9.7 tips
-----------
-
-Here are some tips to keep in mind to get the most out of *note fit::.
-They're not very organized, so you'll have to read them several times
-until their essence has sunk in.
-
- The two forms of the 'via' argument to *note fit:: serve two largely
-distinct purposes. The 'via "file"' form is best used for (possibly
-unattended) batch operation, where you supply the starting parameter
-values in a file.
-
- The 'via var1, var2, ...' form is best used interactively, where the
-command history mechanism may be used to edit the list of parameters to
-be fitted or to supply new startup values for the next try. This is
-particularly useful for hard problems, where a direct fit to all
-parameters at once won't work without good starting values. To find
-such, you can iterate several times, fitting only some of the
-parameters, until the values are close enough to the goal that the final
-fit to all parameters at once will work.
-
- Make sure that there is no mutual dependency among parameters of the
-function you are fitting. For example, don't try to fit a*exp(x+b),
-because a*exp(x+b)=a*exp(b)*exp(x). Instead, fit either a*exp(x) or
-exp(x+b).
-
- A technical issue: The larger the ratio of the largest and the
-smallest absolute parameter values, the slower the fit will converge.
-If the ratio is close to or above the inverse of the machine floating
-point precision, it may take next to forever to converge, or refuse to
-converge at all. You will either have to adapt your function to avoid
-this, e.g., replace 'parameter' by '1e9*parameter' in the function
-definition, and divide the starting value by 1e9 or use 'set fit
-prescale' which does this internally according to the parameter starting
-values.
-
- If you can write your function as a linear combination of simple
-functions weighted by the parameters to be fitted, by all means do so.
-That helps a lot, because the problem is no longer nonlinear and should
-converge with only a small number of iterations, perhaps just one.
-
- Some prescriptions for analysing data, given in practical
-experimentation courses, may have you first fit some functions to your
-data, perhaps in a multi-step process of accounting for several aspects
-of the underlying theory one by one, and then extract the information
-you really wanted from the fitting parameters of those functions. With
-*note fit::, this may often be done in one step by writing the model
-function directly in terms of the desired parameters. Transforming data
-can also quite often be avoided, though sometimes at the cost of a more
-difficult fit problem. If you think this contradicts the previous
-paragraph about simplifying the fit function, you are correct.
-
- A "singular matrix" message indicates that this implementation of the
-Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm can't calculate parameter values for the
-next iteration. Try different starting values, writing the function in
-another form, or a simpler function.
-
- Finally, a nice quote from the manual of another fitting package
-(fudgit), that kind of summarizes all these issues: "Nonlinear fitting
-is an art!"
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: help, Next: history, Prev: fit, Up: Commands
-
-3.10 help
-=========
-
-The *note help:: command displays built-in help. To specify information
-on a particular topic use the syntax:
-
- help {<topic>}
-
-
- If <topic> is not specified, a short message is printed about
-'gnuplot'. After help for the requested topic is given, a menu of
-subtopics is given; help for a subtopic may be requested by typing its
-name, extending the help request. After that subtopic has been printed,
-the request may be extended again or you may go back one level to the
-previous topic. Eventually, the 'gnuplot' command line will return.
-
- If a question mark (?) is given as the topic, the list of topics
-currently available is printed on the screen.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: history, Next: if, Prev: help, Up: Commands
-
-3.11 history
-============
-
-The 'history' command prints or saves previous commands in the history
-list, or reexecutes a previous entry in the list. To modify the
-behavior of this command, see 'set history'.
-
- Input lines with 'history' as their first command are not stored in
-the command history.
-
- Examples:
-
- history # show the complete history
- history 5 # show last 5 entries in the history
- history quiet 5 # show last 5 entries without entry numbers
- history "hist.gp" # write the complete history to file hist.gp
- history "hist.gp" append # append the complete history to file
hist.gp
- history 10 "hist.gp" # write last 10 commands to file hist.gp
- history 10 "|head -5 >>diary.gp" # write 5 history commands using
pipe
- history ?load # show all history entries starting with
"load"
- history ?"set c" # like above, several words enclosed in quotes
- hi !reread # execute last entry starting with "reread"
- hist !"set xr" # like above, several words enclosed in quotes
- hist !55 # reexecute the command at history entry 55
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: if, Next: for, Prev: history, Up: Commands
-
-3.12 if
-=======
-
-New syntax:
- if (<condition>) { <commands>;
- <commands>
- <commands>
- } else {
- <commands>
- }
-
- Old syntax:
- if (<condition>) <command-line> [; else if (<condition>) ...; else
...]
-
-
- This version of gnuplot supports block-structured if/else statements.
-If the keyword 'if' or 'else' is immediately followed by an opening "{",
-then conditional execution applies to all statements, possibly on
-multiple input lines, until a matching "}" terminates the block. If
-commands may be nested.
-
- The old single-line if/else syntax is still supported, but can not be
-mixed with the new block-structured syntax. See *note if-old::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* if-old::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: if-old, Prev: if, Up: if
-
-3.12.1 if-old
--------------
-
-Through gnuplot version 4.4, the scope of the if/else commands was
-limited to a single input line. Now a multi-line clause may be enclosed
-in curly brackets. The old syntax is still honored but cannot be used
-inside a bracketed clause.
-
- If no opening "{" follows the 'if' keyword, the command(s) in
-<command-line> will be executed if <condition> is true (non-zero) or
-skipped if <condition> is false (zero). Either case will consume
-commands on the input line until the end of the line or an occurrence of
-'else'. Note that use of ';' to allow multiple commands on the same
-line will _not_ end the conditionalized commands.
-
- Examples:
- pi=3
- if (pi!=acos(-1)) print "?Fixing pi!"; pi=acos(-1); print pi
-
- will display:
- ?Fixing pi!
- 3.14159265358979
-
- but
- if (1==2) print "Never see this"; print "Or this either"
-
- will not display anything.
-
- else:
- v=0
- v=v+1; if (v%2) print "2" ; else if (v%3) print "3"; else print
"fred"
-
- (repeat the last line repeatedly!)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: for, Next: import, Prev: if, Up: Commands
-
-3.13 for
-========
-
-The 'plot', 'splot', 'set' and *note unset:: commands may optionally
-contain an iteration for clause. This has the effect of executing the
-basic command multiple times, each time re-evaluating any expressions
-that make use of the iteration control variable. Iteration of arbitrary
-command sequences can be requested using the 'do' command. Two forms of
-iteration clause are currently supported:
-
- for [intvar = start:end{:increment}]
- for [stringvar in "A B C D"]
-
-
- Examples:
-
- plot for [filename in "A.dat B.dat C.dat"] filename using 1:2 with
lines
- plot for [basename in "A B C"] basename.".dat" using 1:2 with lines
- set for [i = 1:10] style line i lc rgb "blue"
- unset for [tag = 100:200] label tag
-
-
- Nested iteration is supported:
-
- set for [i=1:9] for [j=1:9] label i*10+j sprintf("%d",i*10+j) at i,j
-
-
- See additional documentation for *note iteration::, 'do'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: import, Next: load, Prev: for, Up: Commands
-
-3.14 import
-===========
-
-The *note import:: command associates a user-defined function name with
-a function exported by an external shared object. This constitutes a
-plugin mechanism that extends the set of functions available in gnuplot.
-
- Syntax:
- import func(x[,y,z,...]) from "sharedobj[:symbol]"
-
-
- Examples:
- # make the function myfun, exported by "mylib.so" or "mylib.dll"
- # available for plotting or numerical calculation in gnuplot
- import myfun(x) from "mylib"
- import myfun(x) from "mylib:myfun" # same as above
-
-
- # make the function theirfun, defined in "theirlib.so" or
"theirlib.dll"
- # available under a different name
- import myfun(x,y,z) from "theirlib:theirfun"
-
-
- The program extends the name given for the shared object by either
-".so" or ".dll" depending on the operating system, and searches for it
-first as a full path name and then as a path relative to the current
-directory. The operating system itself may also search any directories
-in LD_LIBRARY_PATH or DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: load, Next: lower, Prev: import, Up: Commands
-
-3.15 load
-=========
-
-The 'load' command executes each line of the specified input file as if
-it had been typed in interactively. Files created by the *note save::
-command can later be 'load'ed. Any text file containing valid commands
-can be created and then executed by the 'load' command. Files being
-'load'ed may themselves contain 'load' or *note call:: commands. See
-'comments' for information about comments in commands. To 'load' with
-arguments, see *note call::.
-
- Syntax:
- load "<input-file>"
-
-
- The name of the input file must be enclosed in quotes.
-
- The special filename "-" may be used to 'load' commands from standard
-input. This allows a 'gnuplot' command file to accept some commands
-from standard input. Please see help for 'batch/interactive' for more
-details.
-
- On some systems which support a popen function (Unix), the load file
-can be read from a pipe by starting the file name with a '<'.
-
- Examples:
- load 'work.gnu'
- load "func.dat"
- load "< loadfile_generator.sh"
-
-
- The 'load' command is performed implicitly on any file names given as
-arguments to 'gnuplot'. These are loaded in the order specified, and
-then 'gnuplot' exits.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lower, Next: pause, Prev: load, Up: Commands
-
-3.16 lower
-==========
-
-See *note raise::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pause, Next: plot, Prev: lower, Up: Commands
-
-3.17 pause
-==========
-
-The *note pause:: command displays any text associated with the command
-and then waits a specified amount of time or until the carriage return
-is pressed. *note pause:: is especially useful in conjunction with
-'load' files.
-
- Syntax:
- pause <time> {"<string>"}
- pause mouse {<endcondition>}{, <endcondition>} {"<string>"}
-
-
- <time> may be any constant or floating-point expression. 'pause -1'
-will wait until a carriage return is hit, zero (0) won't pause at all,
-and a positive number will wait the specified number of seconds. 'pause
-0' is synonymous with 'print'.
-
- If the current terminal supports 'mousing', then 'pause mouse' will
-terminate on either a mouse click or on ctrl-C. For all other terminals,
-or if mousing is not active, 'pause mouse' is equivalent to 'pause -1'.
-
- If one or more end conditions are given after 'pause mouse', then any
-one of the conditions will terminate the pause. The possible end
-conditions are 'keypress', 'button1', 'button2', 'button3', 'close', and
-'any'. If the pause terminates on a keypress, then the ascii value of
-the key pressed is returned in MOUSE_KEY. The character itself is
-returned as a one character string in MOUSE_CHAR. Hotkeys (bind command)
-are disabled if keypress is one of the end conditions. Zooming is
-disabled if button3 is one of the end conditions.
-
- In all cases the coordinates of the mouse are returned in variables
-MOUSE_X, MOUSE_Y, MOUSE_X2, MOUSE_Y2. See *note variables::.
-
- Note: Since *note pause:: communicates with the operating system
-rather than the graphics, it may behave differently with different
-device drivers (depending upon how text and graphics are mixed).
-
- Examples:
- pause -1 # Wait until a carriage return is hit
- pause 3 # Wait three seconds
- pause -1 "Hit return to continue"
- pause 10 "Isn't this pretty? It's a cubic spline."
- pause mouse "Click any mouse button on selected data point"
- pause mouse keypress "Type a letter from A-F in the active window"
- pause mouse button1,keypress
- pause mouse any "Any key or button will terminate"
-
-
- The variant "pause mouse key" will resume after any keypress in the
-active plot window. If you want to wait for a particular key to be
-pressed, you can use a reread loop such as:
-
- print "I will resume after you hit the Tab key in the plot window"
- load "wait_for_tab"
-
-
- File "wait_for_tab" contains the lines
-
- pause mouse key
- if (MOUSE_KEY != 9) reread
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: plot, Next: print, Prev: pause, Up: Commands
-
-3.18 plot
-=========
-
-'plot' is the primary command for drawing plots with 'gnuplot'. It
-offers many different graphical representations for functions and data.
-'plot' is used to draw 2D functions and data. 'splot' draws 2D
-projections of 3D surfaces and data.
-
- Syntax:
- plot {<ranges>} <plot-element> {, <plot-element>, <plot-element>}
-
-
- Each plot element consists of a definition, a function, or a data
-source together with optional properties or modifiers:
- plot-element:
- {<iteration>}
- <definition> | {sampling-range} <function> | <data source>
- | keyentry
- {axes <axes>} {<title-spec>}
- {with <style>}
-
-
- The graphical representation of each plot element is determined by
-the keyword *note with::, e.g. 'with lines' or *note boxplot::. See
-'plotting styles'.
-
- The data to be plotted is either generated by a function (two
-functions if in parametric mode), read from a data file, or read from a
-named data block that was defined previously. Multiple datafiles, data
-blocks, and/or functions may be plotted in a single plot command
-separated by commas. See 'data', 'inline data', *note functions::.
-
- A plot-element that contains the definition of a function or variable
-does not create any visible output, see third example below.
-
- Examples:
- plot sin(x)
- plot sin(x), cos(x)
- plot f(x) = sin(x*a), a = .2, f(x), a = .4, f(x)
- plot "datafile.1" with lines, "datafile.2" with points
- plot [t=1:10] [-pi:pi*2] tan(t), \
- "data.1" using (tan($2)):($3/$4) smooth csplines \
- axes x1y2 notitle with lines 5
- plot for [datafile in "spinach.dat broccoli.dat"] datafile
-
-
- See also 'show plot'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* axes::
-* binary::
-* data::
-* errorbars::
-* errorlines::
-* functions::
-* parametric::
-* ranges::
-* sampling::
-* for_loops_in_plot_command::
-* title::
-* with::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: axes, Next: binary, Prev: plot, Up: plot
-
-3.18.1 axes
------------
-
-There are four possible sets of axes available; the keyword <axes> is
-used to select the axes for which a particular line should be scaled.
-'x1y1' refers to the axes on the bottom and left; 'x2y2' to those on the
-top and right; 'x1y2' to those on the bottom and right; and 'x2y1' to
-those on the top and left. Ranges specified on the 'plot' command apply
-only to the first set of axes (bottom left).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: binary, Next: data, Prev: axes, Up: plot
-
-3.18.2 binary
--------------
-
-BINARY DATA FILES:
-
- It is necessary to provide the keyword *note binary:: after the
-filename. Adequate details of the file format must be given on the
-command line or extracted from the file itself for a supported binary
-*note filetype::. In particular, there are two structures for binary
-files, binary matrix format and binary general format.
-
- The *note matrix:: format contains a two dimensional array of 32 bit
-IEEE float values plus an additional column and row of coordinate
-values. In the *note using:: specifier of a plot command, column 1
-refers to the matrix row coordinate, column 2 refers to the matrix
-column coordinate, and column 3 refers to the value stored in the array
-at those coordinates.
-
- The *note general:: format contains an arbitrary number of columns
-for which information must be specified at the command line. For
-example, *note array::, *note record::, 'format' and *note using:: can
-indicate the size, format and dimension of data. There are a variety of
-useful commands for skipping file headers and changing endianess. There
-are a set of commands for positioning and translating data since often
-coordinates are not part of the file when uniform sampling is inherent
-in the data. Unlike reading from a text or matrix binary file, general
-binary does not treat the generated columns as 1, 2 or 3 in the *note
-using:: list. Instead column 1 refers to column 1 of the file, or as
-specified in the 'format' list.
-
- There are global default settings for the various binary options
-which may be set using the same syntax as the options when used as part
-of the '(s)plot <filename> binary ...' command. This syntax is 'set
-datafile binary ...'. The general rule is that common command-line
-specified parameters override file-extracted parameters which override
-default parameters.
-
- *note matrix:: is the default binary format when no keywords specific
-to *note general:: are given, i.e., *note array::, *note record::,
-'format', *note filetype::.
-
- General binary data can be entered at the command line via the
-special file name '-'. However, this is intended for use through a pipe
-where programs can exchange binary data, not for keyboards. There is no
-"end of record" character for binary data. Gnuplot continues reading
-from a pipe until it has read the number of points declared in the *note
-array:: qualifier. See *note matrix:: or *note general:: for more
-details.
-
- The *note index:: keyword is not supported, since the file format
-allows only one surface per file. The *note every:: and *note using::
-filters are supported. *note using:: operates as if the data were read
-in the above triplet form. Binary File Splot Demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/binary.html)
-
-* Menu:
-
-* general::
-* array::
-* record::
-* skip::
-* format::
-* endian::
-* filetype::
-* keywords::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: general, Next: array, Prev: binary, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.1 general
-................
-
-The *note binary:: keyword appearing alone indicates a binary data file
-that contains both coordinate information describing a non-uniform grid
-and the value of each grid point (see *note matrix::). Binary data in
-any other format requires additional keywords to describe the layout of
-the data. Unfortunately the syntax of these required additional
-keywords is convoluted. Nevertheless the general binary mode is
-particularly useful for application programs sending large amounts of
-data to gnuplot.
-
- Syntax:
- plot '<file_name>' {binary <binary list>} ...
- splot '<file_name>' {binary <binary list>} ...
-
-
- General binary format is activated by keywords in <binary list>
-pertaining to information about file structure, i.e., *note array::,
-*note record::, 'format' or *note filetype::. Otherwise, non-uniform
-matrix binary format is assumed. (See *note matrix:: for more details.)
-
- NB: In previous versions of gnuplot there have been some differences
-between the interpretation of binary data keywords by 'plot' and
-'splot'. Where the meanings differ, one or both may change in a future
-gnuplot version.
-
- Gnuplot knows how to read a few standard binary file types that are
-fully self-describing, e.g. PNG images. Type *note binary:: at the
-command line for a list. Apart from these, you can think of binary data
-files as conceptually the same as text data. Each point has columns of
-information which are selected via the *note using:: specification. If
-no 'format' string is specified, gnuplot will read in a number of binary
-values equal to the largest column given in the '<using list>'. For
-example, 'using 1:3' will result in three columns being read, of which
-the second will be ignored. Certain plot types have an associated
-default using specification. For example, 'with image' has a default of
-'using 1', while *note rgbimage:: has a default of 'using 1:2:3'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: array, Next: record, Prev: general, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.2 array
-..............
-
-Describes the sampling array dimensions associated with the binary file.
-The coordinates will be generated by gnuplot. A number must be
-specified for each dimension of the array. For example, 'array=(10,20)'
-means the underlying sampling structure is two-dimensional with 10
-points along the first (x) dimension and 20 points along the second (y)
-dimension. A negative number indicates that data should be read until
-the end of file. If there is only one dimension, the parentheses may be
-omitted. A colon can be used to separate the dimensions for multiple
-records. For example, 'array=25:35' indicates there are two
-one-dimensional records in the file.
- Note: Gnuplot version 4.2 used the syntax array=128x128 rather than
- array=(128,128). The older syntax is now deprecated.
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: record, Next: skip, Prev: array, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.3 record
-...............
-
-This keyword serves the same function as *note array:: and has the same
-syntax. However, *note record:: causes gnuplot to not generate
-coordinate information. This is for the case where such information may
-be included in one of the columns of the binary data file.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: skip, Next: format, Prev: record, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.4 skip
-.............
-
-This keyword allows you to skip sections of a binary file. For
-instance, if the file contains a 1024 byte header before the start of
-the data region you would probably want to use
- plot '<file_name>' binary skip=1024 ...
-
- If there are multiple records in the file, you may specify a leading
-offset for each. For example, to skip 512 bytes before the 1st record
-and 256 bytes before the second and third records
- plot '<file_name> binary record=356:356:356 skip=512:256:256 ...
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: format, Next: endian, Prev: skip, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.5 format
-...............
-
-The default binary format is a float. For more flexibility, the format
-can include details about variable sizes. For example,
-'format="%uchar%int%float"' associates an unsigned character with the
-first using column, an int with the second column and a float with the
-third column. If the number of size specifications is less than the
-greatest column number, the size is implicitly taken to be similar to
-the last given variable size.
-
- Furthermore, similar to the *note using:: specification, the format
-can include discarded columns via the '*' character and have implicit
-repetition via a numerical repeat-field. For example,
-'format="%*2int%3float"' causes gnuplot to discard two ints before
-reading three floats. To list variable sizes, type 'show datafile
-binary datasizes'. There are a group of names that are machine
-dependent along with their sizes in bytes for the particular
-compilation. There is also a group of names which attempt to be machine
-independent.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: endian, Next: filetype, Prev: format, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.6 endian
-...............
-
-Often the endianess of binary data in the file does not agree with the
-endianess used by the platform on which gnuplot is running. Several
-words can direct gnuplot how to arrange bytes. For example
-'endian=little' means treat the binary file as having byte significance
-from least to greatest. The options are
-
- little: least significant to greatest significance
- big: greatest significance to least significance
- default: assume file endianess is the same as compiler
- swap (swab): Interchange the significance. (If things
- don't look right, try this.)
-
-
- Gnuplot can support "middle" ("pdp") endian if it is compiled with
-that option.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: filetype, Next: keywords, Prev: endian, Up:
binary
-
-3.18.2.7 filetype
-.................
-
-For some standard binary file formats gnuplot can extract all the
-necessary information from the file in question. As an example,
-"format=edf" will read ESRF Header File format files. For a list of the
-currently supported file formats, type 'show datafile binary filetypes'.
-
- There is a special file type called 'auto' for which gnuplot will
-check if the binary file's extension is a quasi-standard extension for a
-supported format.
-
- Command line keywords may be used to override settings extracted from
-the file. The settings from the file override any defaults. See *note
-binary::.
-
--- AVS --
-
- 'avs' is one of the automatically recognized binary file types for
-images. AVS is an extremely simple format, suitable mostly for
-streaming between applications. It consists of 2 longs (xwidth, ywidth)
-followed by a stream of pixels, each with four bytes of information
-alpha/red/green/blue.
-
--- EDF --
-
- 'edf' is one of the automatically recognized binary file types for
-images. EDF stands for ESRF Data Format, and it supports both edf and
-ehf formats (the latter means ESRF Header Format). More information on
-specifications can be found at
-
- http://www.edfplus.info/specs
-
-
--- PNG --
-
- If gnuplot was configured to use the libgd library for png/gif/jpeg
-output, then it can also be used to read these same image types as
-binary files. You can use an explicit command
- plot 'file.png' binary filetype=png
-
- Or the file type will be recognized automatically from the extension
-if you have previously requested
- set datafile binary filetype=auto
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: keywords, Prev: filetype, Up: binary
-
-3.18.2.8 keywords
-.................
-
-The following keywords apply only when generating coordinates from
-binary data files. That is, the control mapping the individual elements
-of a binary array, matrix, or image to specific x/y/z positions.
-
--- SCAN --
-
- A great deal of confusion can arise concerning the relationship
-between how gnuplot scans a binary file and the dimensions seen on the
-plot. To lessen the confusion, conceptually think of gnuplot _always_
-scanning the binary file point/line/plane or fast/medium/slow. Then
-this keyword is used to tell gnuplot how to map this scanning convention
-to the Cartesian convention shown in plots, i.e., x/y/z. The qualifier
-for scan is a two or three letter code representing where point is
-assigned (first letter), line is assigned (second letter), and plane is
-assigned (third letter). For example, 'scan=yx' means the fastest,
-point-by-point, increment should be mapped along the Cartesian y
-dimension and the middle, line-by-line, increment should be mapped along
-the x dimension.
-
- When the plotting mode is 'plot', the qualifier code can include the
-two letters x and y. For 'splot', it can include the three letters x, y
-and z.
-
- There is nothing restricting the inherent mapping from
-point/line/plane to apply only to Cartesian coordinates. For this
-reason there are cylindrical coordinate synonyms for the qualifier codes
-where t (theta), r and z are analogous to the x, y and z of Cartesian
-coordinates.
-
--- TRANSPOSE --
-
- Shorthand notation for 'scan=yx' or 'scan=yxz'. I.e. it affects the
-assignment of pixels to scan lines during input. To instead transpose
-an image when it is displayed try
- plot 'imagefile' binary filetype=auto flipx rotate=90deg with
rgbimage
-
-
--- DX, DY, DZ --
-
- When gnuplot generates coordinates, it uses the spacing described by
-these keywords. For example 'dx=10 dy=20' would mean space samples
-along the x dimension by 10 and space samples along the y dimension by
-20. 'dy' cannot appear if 'dx' does not appear. Similarly, 'dz' cannot
-appear if 'dy' does not appear. If the underlying dimensions are
-greater than the keywords specified, the spacing of the highest
-dimension given is extended to the other dimensions. For example, if an
-image is being read from a file and only 'dx=3.5' is given gnuplot uses
-a delta x and delta y of 3.5.
-
- The following keywords also apply only when generating coordinates.
-However they may also be used with matrix binary files.
-
--- FLIPX, FLIPY, FLIPZ --
-
- Sometimes the scanning directions in a binary datafile are not
-consistent with that assumed by gnuplot. These keywords can flip the
-scanning direction along dimensions x, y, z.
-
--- ORIGIN --
-
- When gnuplot generates coordinates based upon transposition and flip,
-it attempts to always position the lower left point in the array at the
-origin, i.e., the data lies in the first quadrant of a Cartesian system
-after transpose and flip.
-
- To position the array somewhere else on the graph, the *note origin::
-keyword directs gnuplot to position the lower left point of the array at
-a point specified by a tuple. The tuple should be a double for 'plot'
-and a triple for 'splot'. For example, 'origin=(100,100):(100,200)' is
-for two records in the file and intended for plotting in two dimensions.
-A second example, 'origin=(0,0,3.5)', is for plotting in three
-dimensions.
-
--- CENTER --
-
- Similar to *note origin::, this keyword will position the array such
-that its center lies at the point given by the tuple. For example,
-'center=(0,0)'. Center does not apply when the size of the array is
-'Inf'.
-
--- ROTATE --
-
- The transpose and flip commands provide some flexibility in
-generating and orienting coordinates. However, for full degrees of
-freedom, it is possible to apply a rotational vector described by a
-rotational angle in two dimensions.
-
- The 'rotate' keyword applies to the two-dimensional plane, whether it
-be 'plot' or 'splot'. The rotation is done with respect to the positive
-angle of the Cartesian plane.
-
- The angle can be expressed in radians, radians as a multiple of pi,
-or degrees. For example, 'rotate=1.5708', 'rotate=0.5pi' and
-'rotate=90deg' are equivalent.
-
- If *note origin:: is specified, the rotation is done about the lower
-left sample point before translation. Otherwise, the rotation is done
-about the array 'center'.
-
--- PERPENDICULAR --
-
- For 'splot', the concept of a rotational vector is implemented by a
-triple representing the vector to be oriented normal to the
-two-dimensional x-y plane. Naturally, the default is (0,0,1). Thus
-specifying both rotate and perpendicular together can orient data myriad
-ways in three-space.
-
- The two-dimensional rotation is done first, followed by the
-three-dimensional rotation. That is, if R' is the rotational 2 x 2
-matrix described by an angle, and P is the 3 x 3 matrix projecting
-(0,0,1) to (xp,yp,zp), let R be constructed from R' at the upper left
-sub-matrix, 1 at element 3,3 and zeros elsewhere. Then the matrix
-formula for translating data is v' = P R v, where v is the 3 x 1 vector
-of data extracted from the data file. In cases where the data of the
-file is inherently not three-dimensional, logical rules are used to
-place the data in three-space. (E.g., usually setting the z-dimension
-value to zero and placing 2D data in the x-y plane.)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: data, Next: errorbars, Prev: binary, Up: plot
-
-3.18.3 data
------------
-
-Discrete data contained in a file can be displayed by specifying the
-name of the data file (enclosed in single or double quotes) on the
-'plot' command line.
-
- Syntax:
- plot '<file_name>' {binary <binary list>}
- {{nonuniform} matrix}
- {index <index list> | index "<name>"}
- {every <every list>}
- {skip <number-of-lines>}
- {using <using list>}
- {smooth <option>}
- {bins <options>}
- {volatile} {noautoscale}
-
-
- The modifiers *note binary::, *note index::, *note every::, *note
-skip::, *note using::, *note bins::, and *note smooth:: are discussed
-separately. In brief, *note binary:: allows data entry from a binary
-file, *note index:: selects which data sets in a multi-data-set file are
-to be plotted, *note every:: specifies which points within a single data
-set are to be plotted, *note using:: determines how the columns within a
-single record are to be interpreted, and *note smooth:: allows for
-simple interpolation and approximation. *note bins:: sorts individual
-input points into equal-sized intervals along x and plots a single
-accumulated value per interval.
-
- 'splot' has a similar syntax, but does not support the *note smooth::
-option.
-
- The 'noautoscale' keyword means that the points making up this plot
-will be ignored when automatically determining axis range limits.
-
- TEXT DATA FILES:
-
- Data files should contain at least one data point per record (*note
-using:: can select one data point from the record). Records beginning
-with '#' (and also with '!' on VMS) will be treated as comments and
-ignored. Each data point represents an (x,y) pair. For 'plot's with
-error bars or error bars with lines (see *note errorbars:: or *note
-errorlines::), each data point is (x,y,ydelta), (x,y,ylow,yhigh),
-(x,y,xdelta), (x,y,xlow,xhigh), or (x,y,xlow,xhigh,ylow,yhigh).
-
- In all cases, the numbers of each record of a data file must be
-separated by white space (one or more blanks or tabs) unless a format
-specifier is provided by the *note using:: option. This white space
-divides each record into columns. However, whitespace inside a pair of
-double quotes is ignored when counting columns, so the following
-datafile line has three columns:
- 1.0 "second column" 3.0
-
-
- Data may be written in exponential format with the exponent preceded
-by the letter e or E. The fortran exponential specifiers d, D, q, and Q
-may also be used if the command 'set datafile fortran' is in effect.
-
- Only one column (the y value) need be provided. If x is omitted,
-'gnuplot' provides integer values starting at 0.
-
- In datafiles, blank records (records with no characters other than
-blanks and a newline and/or carriage return) are significant.
-
- Single blank records designate discontinuities in a 'plot'; no line
-will join points separated by a blank records (if they are plotted with
-a line style).
-
- Two blank records in a row indicate a break between separate data
-sets. See *note index::.
-
- If autoscaling has been enabled (*note autoscale::), the axes are
-automatically extended to include all datapoints, with a whole number of
-tic marks if tics are being drawn. This has two consequences: i) For
-'splot', the corner of the surface may not coincide with the corner of
-the base. In this case, no vertical line is drawn. ii) When plotting
-data with the same x range on a dual-axis graph, the x coordinates may
-not coincide if the x2tics are not being drawn. This is because the x
-axis has been autoextended to a whole number of tics, but the x2 axis
-has not. The following example illustrates the problem:
-
- reset; plot '-', '-' axes x2y1
- 1 1
- 19 19
- e
- 1 1
- 19 19
- e
-
-
- To avoid this, you can use the 'fixmin'/'fixmax' feature of the *note
-autoscale:: command, which turns off the automatic extension of the axis
-range up to the next tic mark.
-
- Label coordinates and text can also be read from a data file (see
-*note labels::).
-
-* Menu:
-
-* bins::
-* every::
-* example_datafile::
-* index::
-* skip_::
-* smooth::
-* special-filenames::
-* piped-data::
-* thru::
-* using::
-* volatile::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: bins, Next: every, Prev: data, Up: data
-
-3.18.3.1 bins
-.............
-
-EXPERIMENTAL (implementation details may change in a later version)_
-Syntax:
- plot 'DATA' using <XCOL> {:<YCOL>} bins{=<NBINS>}
- {binrange [<LOW>:<HIGH>]} {binwidth=<width>}
-
-
- The *note bins:: option to a 'plot' command first assigns the
-original data to equal width bins on x and then plots a single value per
-bin. The default number of bins is controlled by *note samples::, but
-this can be changed by giving an explicit number of bins in the command.
-
- If no binrange is given, the range is taken from the extremes of the
-x values found in 'DATA'.
-
- Given the range and the number of bins, bin width is calculated
-automatically and points are assigned to bins 0 to NBINS-1
- BINWIDTH = (HIGH - LOW) / (NBINS-1)
- xmin = LOW - BINWIDTH/2
- xmax = HIGH + BINWIDTH/2
- first bin holds points with (xmin <= x < xmin + BINWIDTH)
- last bin holds points with (xmax-BINWIDTH <= x < xman)
- each point is assigned to bin i = floor(NBINS * (x-xmin)/(xmax-xmin))
-
-
- Alternatively you can provide a fixed bin width, in which case nbins
-is calculated as the smallest number of bins that will span the range.
-
- On output bins are plotted or tabulated by midpoint. E.g. if the
-program calculates bin width as shown above, the x coordinate output for
-the first bin is x=LOW (not x=xmin).
-
- If only a single column is given in the using clause then each data
-point contributes a count of 1 to the accumulation of total counts in
-the bin for that x coordinate value. If a second column is given then
-the value in that column is added to the accumulation for the bin. Thus
-the following two plot command are equivalent:
- plot 'DATA" using N bins=20
- set samples 20
- plot 'DATA' using (column(N)):(1)
-
-
- For related plotting styles see 'smooth frequency' and 'smooth
-kdensity'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: every, Next: example_datafile, Prev: bins, Up:
data
-
-3.18.3.2 every
-..............
-
-The *note every:: keyword allows a periodic sampling of a data set to be
-plotted.
-
- For ordinary files a "point" single record (line); a "block" of data
-is a set of consecutive records with blank lines before and after the
-block.
-
- For matrix data a "block" and "point" correspond to "row" and
-"column". See *note every::.
-
- Syntax:
- plot 'file' every {<point_incr>}
- {:{<block_incr>}
- {:{<start_point>}
- {:{<start_block>}
- {:{<end_point>}
- {:<end_block>}}}}}
-
-
- The data points to be plotted are selected according to a loop from
-<'start_point'> to <'end_point'> with increment <'point_incr'> and the
-blocks according to a loop from <'start_block'> to <'end_block'> with
-increment <'block_incr'>.
-
- The first datum in each block is numbered '0', as is the first block
-in the file.
-
- Note that records containing unplottable information are counted.
-
- Any of the numbers can be omitted; the increments default to unity,
-the start values to the first point or block, and the end values to the
-last point or block. ':' at the end of the *note every:: option is not
-permitted. If *note every:: is not specified, all points in all lines
-are plotted.
-
- Examples:
- every :::3::3 # selects just the fourth block ('0' is first)
- every :::::9 # selects the first 10 blocks
- every 2:2 # selects every other point in every other block
- every ::5::15 # selects points 5 through 15 in each block
-
-
- See simple plot demos (simple.dem)
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/simple.html) , Non-parametric splot demos
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/surface1.html) , and Parametric splot
-demos (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/surface2.html) .
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: example_datafile, Next: index, Prev: every, Up:
data
-
-3.18.3.3 example datafile
-.........................
-
-This example plots the data in the file "population.dat" and a
-theoretical curve:
-
- pop(x) = 103*exp((1965-x)/10)
- set xrange [1960:1990]
- plot 'population.dat', pop(x)
-
-
- The file "population.dat" might contain:
-
- # Gnu population in Antarctica since 1965
- 1965 103
- 1970 55
- 1975 34
- 1980 24
- 1985 10
-
-
- Binary examples:
-
- # Selects two float values (second one implicit) with a float value
- # discarded between them for an indefinite length of 1D data.
- plot '<file_name>' binary format="%float%*float" using 1:2 with
lines
-
-
- # The data file header contains all details necessary for creating
- # coordinates from an EDF file.
- plot '<file_name>' binary filetype=edf with image
- plot '<file_name>.edf' binary filetype=auto with image
-
-
- # Selects three unsigned characters for components of a raw RGB
image
- # and flips the y-dimension so that typical image orientation (start
- # at top left corner) translates to the Cartesian plane. Pixel
- # spacing is given and there are two images in the file. One of
them
- # is translated via origin.
- plot '<file_name>' binary array=(512,1024):(1024,512)
format='%uchar' \
- dx=2:1 dy=1:2 origin=(0,0):(1024,1024) flipy u 1:2:3 w rgbimage
-
-
- # Four separate records in which the coordinates are part of the
- # data file. The file was created with a endianess different from
- # the system on which gnuplot is running.
- splot '<file_name>' binary record=30:30:29:26 endian=swap u 1:2:3
-
-
- # Same input file, but this time we skip the 1st and 3rd records
- splot '<file_name>' binary record=30:26 skip=360:348 endian=swap u
1:2:3
-
-
- See also *note matrix::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: index, Next: skip_, Prev: example_datafile, Up:
data
-
-3.18.3.4 index
-..............
-
-The *note index:: keyword allows you to select specific data sets in a
-multi-data-set file for plotting.
-
- Syntax:
- plot 'file' index { <m>{:<n>{:<p>}} | "<name>" }
-
-
- Data sets are separated by pairs of blank records. 'index <m>'
-selects only set <m>; 'index <m>:<n>' selects sets in the range <m> to
-<n>; and 'index <m>:<n>:<p>' selects indices <m>, <m>+<p>, <m>+2<p>,
-etc., but stopping at <n>. Following C indexing, the index 0 is
-assigned to the first data set in the file. Specifying too large an
-index results in an error message. If <p> is specified but <n> is left
-blank then every <p>-th dataset is read until the end of the file. If
-*note index:: is not specified, the entire file is plotted as a single
-data set.
-
- Example:
- plot 'file' index 4:5
-
-
- For each point in the file, the index value of the data set it
-appears in is available via the pseudo-column 'column(-2)'. This leads
-to an alternative way of distinguishing individual data sets within a
-file as shown below. This is more awkward than the *note index::
-command if all you are doing is selecting one data set for plotting, but
-is very useful if you want to assign different properties to each data
-set. See 'pseudocolumns', 'lc variable'.
-
- Example:
- plot 'file' using 1:(column(-2)==4 ? $2 : NaN) # very awkward
- plot 'file' using 1:2:(column(-2)) linecolor variable # very useful!
-
-
- 'index '<name>'' selects the data set with name '<name>'. Names are
-assigned to data sets in comment lines. The comment character and
-leading white space are removed from the comment line. If the resulting
-line starts with <name>, the following data set is now named <name> and
-can be selected.
-
- Example:
- plot 'file' index 'Population'
-
-
- Please note that every comment that starts with <name> will name the
-following data set. To avoid problems it may be useful to choose a
-naming scheme like '== Population ==' or '[Population]'.
-
- splot with indices demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/multimsh.html)</p>
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: skip_, Next: smooth, Prev: index, Up: data
-
-3.18.3.5 skip
-.............
-
-The *note skip:: keyword tells the program to skip lines at the start of
-a text (i.e. not binary) data file. The lines that are skipped do not
-count toward the line count used in processing the *note every::
-keyword. Note that 'skip N' skips lines only at the start of the file,
-whereas 'every ::N' skips lines at the start of every block of data in
-the file. See also *note skip:: for a similar option that applies to
-binary data files.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: smooth, Next: special-filenames, Prev: skip_,
Up: data
-
-3.18.3.6 smooth
-...............
-
-'gnuplot' includes a few general-purpose routines for interpolation and
-approximation of data; these are grouped under the *note smooth::
-option. More sophisticated data processing may be performed by
-preprocessing the data externally or by using *note fit:: with an
-appropriate model.
-
- Syntax:
- smooth {unique | frequency | fnormal | cumulative | cnormal | bins
- | kdensity {bandwidth}
- | csplines | acsplines | mcsplines | bezier | sbezier
- | unwrap}
-
-
- The 'unique', 'frequency', 'fnormal', 'cumulative' and 'cnormal' sort
-the data on x and then plot some aspect of the distribution of x values.
-
- The spline and Bezier options determine coefficients describing a
-continuous curve between the endpoints of the data. This curve is then
-plotted in the same manner as a function, that is, by finding its value
-at uniform intervals along the abscissa (see *note samples::) and
-connecting these points with straight line segments. If the data set is
-interrupted by blank lines or undefined values a separate continuous
-curve is fit for each uninterrupted subset of the data. Adjacent
-separately fit segments may be separated by a gap or discontinuity.
-
- 'unwrap' manipulates the data to avoid jumps of more than pi by
-adding or subtracting multiples of 2*pi.
-
- If *note autoscale:: is in effect, axis ranges will be computed for
-the final curve rather than for the original data.
-
- If *note autoscale:: is not in effect, and a spline curve is being
-generated, sampling of the spline fit is done across the intersection of
-the x range covered by the input data and the fixed abscissa range
-defined by *note xrange::.
-
- If too few points are available to apply the requested smoothing
-operation an error message is produced.
-
- The *note smooth:: options have no effect on function plots.
-
--- ACSPLINES --
-
- The 'smooth acsplines' option approximates the data with a natural
-smoothing spline. After the data are made monotonic in x (see 'smooth
-unique'), a curve is piecewise constructed from segments of cubic
-polynomials whose coefficients are found by fitting to the individual
-data points weighted by the value, if any, given in the third column of
-the using spec. The default is equivalent to
- plot 'data-file' using 1:2:(1.0) smooth acsplines
-
-
- Qualitatively, the absolute magnitude of the weights determines the
-number of segments used to construct the curve. If the weights are
-large, the effect of each datum is large and the curve approaches that
-produced by connecting consecutive points with natural cubic splines.
-If the weights are small, the curve is composed of fewer segments and
-thus is smoother; the limiting case is the single segment produced by a
-weighted linear least squares fit to all the data. The smoothing weight
-can be expressed in terms of errors as a statistical weight for a point
-divided by a "smoothing factor" for the curve so that (standard) errors
-in the file can be used as smoothing weights.
-
- Example:
- sw(x,S)=1/(x*x*S)
- plot 'data_file' using 1:2:(sw($3,100)) smooth acsplines
-
-
--- BEZIER --
-
- The 'smooth bezier' option approximates the data with a Bezier curve
-of degree n (the number of data points) that connects the endpoints.
-
--- BINS --
-
- *note bins:: is the same as *note bins::. See *note bins::. For
-related plotting styles see 'smooth frequency' and 'smooth kdensity'.
-
--- CSPLINES --
-
- The 'smooth csplines' option connects consecutive points by natural
-cubic splines after rendering the data monotonic (see 'smooth unique').
-
--- MCSPLINES --
-
- The 'smooth mcsplines' option connects consecutive points by cubic
-splines constrained such that the smoothed function preserves the
-monotonicity and convexity of the original data points. This reduces
-the effect of outliers. FN Fritsch & RE Carlson (1980) "Monotone
-Piecewise Cubic Interpolation", SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 17:
-238–246.
-
--- SBEZIER --
-
- The 'smooth sbezier' option first renders the data monotonic
-('unique') and then applies the 'bezier' algorithm.
-
--- UNIQUE --
-
- The 'smooth unique' option makes the data monotonic in x; points with
-the same x-value are replaced by a single point having the average
-y-value. The resulting points are then connected by straight line
-segments.
-
--- UNWRAP --
-
- The 'smooth unwrap' option modifies the input data so that any two
-successive points will not differ by more than pi; a point whose y value
-is outside this range will be incremented or decremented by multiples of
-2pi until it falls within pi of the previous point. This operation is
-useful for making wrapped phase measurements continuous over time.
-
--- FREQUENCY --
-
- The 'smooth frequency' option makes the data monotonic in x; points
-with the same x-value are replaced by a single point having the summed
-y-values. To plot a histogram of the number of data values in equal
-size bins, set the y-value to 1.0 so that the sum is a count of
-occurrences in that bin. This is done implicitly if only a single
-column is provided. Example:
- binwidth = <something> # set width of x values in each bin
- bin(val) = binwidth * floor(val/binwidth)
- plot "datafile" using (bin(column(1))):(1.0) smooth frequency
- plot "datafile" using (bin(column(1))) smooth frequency # same
result
-
- See also smooth.dem (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/smooth.html)
-
--- FNORMAL --
-
- The 'smooth fnormal' option work just like the 'frequency' option,
-but produces a normalized histogram. It makes the data monotonic in x
-and normalises the y-values so they all sum to 1. Points with the same
-x-value are replaced by a single point containing the sumed y-values.
-To plot a histogram of the number of data values in equal size bins, set
-the y-value to 1.0 so that the sum is a count of occurrences in that
-bin. This is done implicitly if only a single column is provided. See
-also smooth.dem (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/smooth.html)
-
--- CUMULATIVE --
-
- The 'smooth cumulative' option makes the data monotonic in x; points
-with the same x-value are replaced by a single point containing the
-cumulative sum of y-values of all data points with lower x-values (i.e.
-to the left of the current data point). This can be used to obtain a
-cumulative distribution function from data. See also smooth.dem
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/smooth.html)
-
--- CNORMAL --
-
- The 'smooth cnormal' option makes the data monotonic in x and
-normalises the y-values onto the range [0:1]. Points with the same
-x-value are replaced by a single point containing the cumulative sum of
-y-values of all data points with lower x-values (i.e. to the left of
-the current data point) divided by the total sum of all y-values. This
-can be used to obtain a normalised cumulative distribution function from
-data (useful when comparing sets of samples with differing numbers of
-members). See also smooth.dem
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/smooth.html)
-
--- KDENSITY --
-
- The 'smooth kdensity' option is a way to plot a kernel density
-estimate (a smooth histogram) for a random collection of points, using
-Gaussian kernels. A Gaussian is placed at the location of each point in
-the first column and the sum of all these Gaussians is plotted as a
-function. The value in the second column is taken as weight of the
-Gaussian. To obtain a normalized histogram, this should be
-1/number-of-points. By default gnuplot calculates and uses the
-bandwidth which would be optimal for normally distributed data.
- default_bandwidth = sigma * (4/3N) ** (0.2)
-
- This will usually be a very conservative, i.e. broad bandwidth.
-Alternatively, you can provide an explicit bandwidth.
- plot $DATA smooth kdensity bandwidth <value> with boxes
-
- The bandwidth used in the previous plot is stored in variable
-GPVAL_KDENSITY_BANDWIDTH.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: special-filenames, Next: piped-data, Prev:
smooth, Up: data
-
-3.18.3.7 special-filenames
-..........................
-
-There are a few filenames that have a special meaning: ", '-', '+' and
-'++'.
-
- The empty filename " tells gnuplot to re-use the previous input file
-in the same plot command. So to plot two columns from the same input
-file:
-
- plot 'filename' using 1:2, '' using 1:3
-
-
- The filename can also be reused over subsequent plot commands,
-however *note save:: then only records the name in a comment.
-
- The special filenames '+' and '++' are a mechanism to allow the full
-range of *note using:: specifiers and plot styles with inline functions.
-Normally a function plot can only have a single y (or z) value
-associated with each sampled point. The pseudo-file '+' treats the
-sampled points as column 1, and allows additional column values to be
-specified via a *note using:: specification, just as for a true input
-file. By default samples are generated over the full range as set by
-*note xrange::, with the sampling controlled via *note samples::.
-
- plot '+' using ($1):(sin($1)):(sin($1)**2) with filledcurves
-
-
- An independent sampling range can be provided immediately before the
-'+'. As in normal function plots, a name can be assigned to the
-independent variable. If given for the first plot element, the sampling
-range specifier has to be preceeded by the 'sample' keyword (see also
-*note sampling::).
-
- plot sample [beta=0:2*pi] '+' using (sin(beta)):(cos(beta)) with
lines
-
-
- Additionally, the range specifier of '+' supports giving a sampling
-increment.
-
- plot $MYDATA, [t=-3:25:1] '+' using (t):(f(t))
-
-
- The pseudo-file '++' returns 2 columns of data forming a regular grid
-of [u,v] coordinates with the number of points along u controlled by
-*note samples:: and the number of points along v controlled by *note
-isosamples::. You must set urange and vrange before plotting '++'.
-However the x and y ranges can be autoscaled or can be explicitly set to
-different values than urange and vrange. Use of u and v to sample '++'
-is a CHANGE from version 5.0 Examples:
-
- splot '++' using 1:2:(sin($1)*sin($2)) with pm3d
- plot '++' using 1:2:(sin($1)*sin($2)) with image
-
-
- The special filename ''-'' specifies that the data are inline; i.e.,
-they follow the command. Only the data follow the command; 'plot'
-options like filters, titles, and line styles remain on the 'plot'
-command line. This is similar to << in unix shell script, and $DECK in
-VMS DCL. The data are entered as though they are being read from a file,
-one data point per record. The letter "e" at the start of the first
-column terminates data entry.
-
- ''-'' is intended for situations where it is useful to have data and
-commands together, e.g. when both are piped to 'gnuplot' from another
-application. Some of the demos, for example, might use this feature.
-While 'plot' options such as *note index:: and *note every:: are
-recognized, their use forces you to enter data that won't be used. For
-all but the simplest cases it is probably easier to first define a
-datablock and then read from it rather than from ''-''. See
-'datablocks'.
-
- If you use ''-'' with *note replot::, you may need to enter the data
-more than once. See *note replot::, *note refresh::. Here again it may
-be better to use a datablock.
-
- A blank filename (") specifies that the previous filename should be
-reused. This can be useful with things like
-
- plot 'a/very/long/filename' using 1:2, '' using 1:3, '' using 1:4
-
-
- (If you use both ''-'' and '"' on the same 'plot' command, you'll
-need to have two sets of inline data, as in the example above.)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: piped-data, Next: thru, Prev: special-filenames,
Up: data
-
-3.18.3.8 piped-data
-...................
-
-On systems with a popen function, the datafile can be piped through a
-shell command by starting the file name with a '<'. For example,
-
- pop(x) = 103*exp(-x/10)
- plot "< awk '{print $1-1965, $2}' population.dat", pop(x)
-
-
- would plot the same information as the first population example but
-with years since 1965 as the x axis. If you want to execute this
-example, you have to delete all comments from the data file above or
-substitute the following command for the first part of the command above
-(the part up to the comma):
-
- plot "< awk '$0 !~ /^#/ {print $1-1965, $2}' population.dat"
-
-
- While this approach is most flexible, it is possible to achieve
-simple filtering with the *note using:: keyword.
-
- On systems with an fdopen() function, data can be read from an
-arbitrary file descriptor attached to either a file or pipe. To read
-from file descriptor 'n' use ''<&n''. This allows you to easily pipe in
-several data files in a single call from a POSIX shell:
-
- $ gnuplot -p -e "plot '<&3', '<&4'" 3<data-3 4<data-4
- $ ./gnuplot 5< <(myprogram -with -options)
- gnuplot> plot '<&5'
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: thru, Next: using, Prev: piped-data, Up: data
-
-3.18.3.9 thru
-.............
-
-The *note thru:: keyword is deprecated.
-
- Old syntax:
- plot 'file' thru f(x)
-
-
- Current syntax:
- plot 'file' using 1:(f($2))
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: using, Next: volatile, Prev: thru, Up: data
-
-3.18.3.10 using
-...............
-
-The most common datafile modifier is *note using::. It tells the
-program which columns of data in the input file are to be plotted.
-
- Syntax:
- plot 'file' using <entry> {:<entry> {:<entry> ...}} {'format'}
-
-
- If a format is specified, it is used to read in each datafile record
-using the C library 'scanf' function. Otherwise the record is
-interpreted as consisting of columns (fields) of data separated by
-whitespace (spaces and/or tabs), but see 'datafile separator'.
-
- Each <entry> may be a simple column number that selects the value
-from one field of the input file, a string that matches a column label
-in the first line of a data set, an expression enclosed in parentheses,
-or a special function not enclosed in parentheses such as xticlabels(2).
-
- If the entry is an expression in parentheses, then the function
-column(N) may be used to indicate the value in column N. That is,
-column(1) refers to the first item read, column(2) to the second, and so
-on. The special symbols $1, $2, ... are shorthand for column(1),
-column(2) ... The function 'valid(N)' tests whether the value in the
-Nth column is a valid number.
-
- If each column of data in the input file contains a label in the
-first row rather than a data value, this label can be used to identify
-the column on input and/or in the plot legend. The column() function
-can be used to select an input column by label rather than by column
-number. For example, if the data file contains
- Height Weight Age
- val1 val1 val1
- ... ... ...
-
- then the following plot commands are all equivalent
- plot 'datafile' using 3:1, '' using 3:2
- plot 'datafile' using (column("Age")):(column(1)), \
- '' using (column("Age")):(column(2))
- plot 'datafile' using "Age":"Height", '' using "Age":"Weight"
-
-
- The full string must match. Comparison is case-sensitive. To use
-column labels in the plot legend, use *note columnhead::.
-
- In addition to the actual columns 1...N in the input data file,
-gnuplot presents data from several "pseudo-columns" that hold
-bookkeeping information. E.g. $0 or column(0) returns the sequence
-number of this data record within a dataset. Please see
-'pseudocolumns'.
-
- An empty <entry> will default to its order in the list of entries.
-For example, 'using ::4' is interpreted as 'using 1:2:4'.
-
- If the *note using:: list has only a single entry, that <entry> will
-be used for y and the data point number (pseudo-column $0) is used for
-x; for example, "'plot 'file' using 1'" is identical to "'plot 'file'
-using 0:1'". If the *note using:: list has two entries, these will be
-used for x and y. See *note style:: and *note fit:: for details about
-plotting styles that make use of data from additional columns of input.
-
- 'scanf' accepts several numerical specifications but 'gnuplot'
-requires all inputs to be double-precision floating-point variables, so
-"%lf" is essentially the only permissible specifier. A format string
-given by the user must contain at least one such input specifier, and no
-more than seven of them. 'scanf' expects to see white space--a blank,
-tab ("\t"), newline ("\n"), or formfeed ("\f")--between numbers;
-anything else in the input stream must be explicitly skipped.
-
- Note that the use of "\t", "\n", or "\f" requires use of
-double-quotes rather than single-quotes.
-
--- USING_EXAMPLES --
-
- This creates a plot of the sum of the 2nd and 3rd data against the
-first: The format string specifies comma- rather than space-separated
-columns. The same result could be achieved by specifying 'set datafile
-separator comma'.
- plot 'file' using 1:($2+$3) '%lf,%lf,%lf'
-
-
- In this example the data are read from the file "MyData" using a more
-complicated format:
- plot 'MyData' using "%*lf%lf%*20[^\n]%lf"
-
-
- The meaning of this format is:
-
- %*lf ignore a number
- %lf read a double-precision number (x by default)
- %*20[^\n] ignore 20 non-newline characters
- %lf read a double-precision number (y by default)
-
-
- One trick is to use the ternary '?:' operator to filter data:
-
- plot 'file' using 1:($3>10 ? $2 : 1/0)
-
-
- which plots the datum in column two against that in column one
-provided the datum in column three exceeds ten. '1/0' is undefined;
-'gnuplot' quietly ignores undefined points, so unsuitable points are
-suppressed. Or you can use the pre-defined variable NaN to achieve the
-same result.
-
- In fact, you can use a constant expression for the column number,
-provided it doesn't start with an opening parenthesis; constructs like
-'using 0+(complicated expression)' can be used. The crucial point is
-that the expression is evaluated once if it doesn't start with a left
-parenthesis, or once for each data point read if it does.
-
- If timeseries data are being used, the time can span multiple
-columns. The starting column should be specified. Note that the spaces
-within the time must be included when calculating starting columns for
-other data. E.g., if the first element on a line is a time with an
-embedded space, the y value should be specified as column three.
-
- It should be noted that (a) 'plot 'file'', (b) 'plot 'file' using
-1:2', and (c) 'plot 'file' using ($1):($2)' can be subtly different.
-The exact behaviour has changed in version 5. See 'missing'.
-
- It is often possible to plot a file with lots of lines of garbage at
-the top simply by specifying
-
- plot 'file' using 1:2
-
-
- However, if you want to leave text in your data files, it is safer to
-put the comment character (#) in the first column of the text lines.
-
--- PSEUDOCOLUMNS --
-
- Expressions in the *note using:: clause of a plot statement can refer
-to additional bookkeeping values in addition to the actual data values
-contained in the input file. These are contained in "pseudocolumns".
- column(0) The sequential order of each point within a data set.
- The counter starts at 0 and is reset by two sequential
blank
- records. The shorthand form $0 is available.
- column(-1) This counter starts at 0 and is reset by a single blank
line.
- This corresponds to the data line in array or grid data.
- column(-2) The index number of the current data set within a file
that
- contains multiple data sets. See *note index::.
-
-
--- XTICLABELS --
-
- Axis tick labels can be generated via a string function, usually
-taking a data column as an argument. The simplest form uses the data
-column itself as a string. That is, xticlabels(N) is shorthand for
-xticlabels(stringcolumn(N)). This example uses the contents of column 3
-as x-axis tick labels.
-
- plot 'datafile' using <xcol>:<ycol>:xticlabels(3) with <plotstyle>
-
-
- Axis tick labels may be generated for any of the plot axes: x x2 y y2
-z. The 'ticlabels(<labelcol>)' specifiers must come after all of the
-data coordinate specifiers in the *note using:: portion of the command.
-For each data point which has a valid set of X,Y[,Z] coordinates, the
-string value given to xticlabels() is added to the list of xtic labels
-at the same X coordinate as the point it belongs to. 'xticlabels()' may
-be shortened to 'xtic()' and so on.
-
- Example:
-
- splot "data" using 2:4:6:xtic(1):ytic(3):ztic(6)
-
-
- In this example the x and y axis tic labels are taken from different
-columns than the x and y coordinate values. The z axis tics, however,
-are generated from the z coordinate of the corresponding point.
-
- Example:
-
- plot "data" using 1:2:xtic( $3 > 10. ? "A" : "B" )
-
-
- This example shows the use of a string-valued function to generate
-x-axis tick labels. Each point in the data file generates a tick mark
-on x labeled either "A" or "B" depending on the value in column 3.
-
--- X2TICLABELS --
-
- See 'plot using xticlabels'.
-
--- YTICLABELS --
-
- See 'plot using xticlabels'.
-
--- Y2TICLABELS --
-
- See 'plot using xticlabels'.
-
--- ZTICLABELS --
-
- See 'plot using xticlabels'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: volatile, Prev: using, Up: data
-
-3.18.3.11 volatile
-..................
-
-The *note volatile:: keyword in a plot command indicates that the data
-previously read from the input stream or file may not be available for
-re-reading. This tells the program to use *note refresh:: rather than
-*note replot:: commands whenever possible. See *note refresh::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: errorbars, Next: errorlines, Prev: data, Up: plot
-
-3.18.4 errorbars
-----------------
-
-Error bars are supported for 2D data file plots by reading one to four
-additional columns (or *note using:: entries); these additional values
-are used in different ways by the various errorbar styles.
-
- In the default situation, 'gnuplot' expects to see three, four, or
-six numbers on each line of the data file--either
-
- (x, y, ydelta),
- (x, y, ylow, yhigh),
- (x, y, xdelta),
- (x, y, xlow, xhigh),
- (x, y, xdelta, ydelta), or
- (x, y, xlow, xhigh, ylow, yhigh).
-
-
- The x coordinate must be specified. The order of the numbers must be
-exactly as given above, though the *note using:: qualifier can
-manipulate the order and provide values for missing columns. For
-example,
-
- plot 'file' with errorbars
- plot 'file' using 1:2:(sqrt($1)) with xerrorbars
- plot 'file' using 1:2:($1-$3):($1+$3):4:5 with xyerrorbars
-
-
- The last example is for a file containing an unsupported combination
-of relative x and absolute y errors. The *note using:: entry generates
-absolute x min and max from the relative error.
-
- The y error bar is a vertical line plotted from (x, ylow) to (x,
-yhigh). If ydelta is specified instead of ylow and yhigh, ylow = y -
-ydelta and yhigh = y + ydelta are derived. If there are only two
-numbers on the record, yhigh and ylow are both set to y. The x error
-bar is a horizontal line computed in the same fashion. To get lines
-plotted between the data points, 'plot' the data file twice, once with
-errorbars and once with lines (but remember to use the 'notitle' option
-on one to avoid two entries in the key). Alternately, use the
-errorlines command (see *note errorlines::).
-
- The tic marks at the ends of the bar are controlled by *note
-errorbars::.
-
- If autoscaling is on, the ranges will be adjusted to include the
-error bars.
-
- See also errorbar demos. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/mgr.html)
-
- See *note using::, *note with::, and *note style:: for more
-information.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: errorlines, Next: functions, Prev: errorbars,
Up: plot
-
-3.18.5 errorlines
------------------
-
-Lines with error bars are supported for 2D data file plots by reading
-one to four additional columns (or *note using:: entries); these
-additional values are used in different ways by the various errorlines
-styles.
-
- In the default situation, 'gnuplot' expects to see three, four, or
-six numbers on each line of the data file--either
-
- (x, y, ydelta),
- (x, y, ylow, yhigh),
- (x, y, xdelta),
- (x, y, xlow, xhigh),
- (x, y, xdelta, ydelta), or
- (x, y, xlow, xhigh, ylow, yhigh).
-
-
- The x coordinate must be specified. The order of the numbers must be
-exactly as given above, though the *note using:: qualifier can
-manipulate the order and provide values for missing columns. For
-example,
-
- plot 'file' with errorlines
- plot 'file' using 1:2:(sqrt($1)) with xerrorlines
- plot 'file' using 1:2:($1-$3):($1+$3):4:5 with xyerrorlines
-
-
- The last example is for a file containing an unsupported combination
-of relative x and absolute y errors. The *note using:: entry generates
-absolute x min and max from the relative error.
-
- The y error bar is a vertical line plotted from (x, ylow) to (x,
-yhigh). If ydelta is specified instead of ylow and yhigh, ylow = y -
-ydelta and yhigh = y + ydelta are derived. If there are only two
-numbers on the record, yhigh and ylow are both set to y. The x error
-bar is a horizontal line computed in the same fashion.
-
- The tic marks at the ends of the bar are controlled by *note
-errorbars::.
-
- If autoscaling is on, the ranges will be adjusted to include the
-error bars.
-
- See *note using::, *note with::, and *note style:: for more
-information.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: functions, Next: parametric, Prev: errorlines,
Up: plot
-
-3.18.6 functions
-----------------
-
-Built-in or user-defined functions can be displayed by the 'plot' and
-'splot' commands in addition to, or instead of, data read from a file.
-The requested function is evaluated by sampling at regular intervals
-spanning the independent axis range[s]. See *note samples:: and *note
-isosamples::. Example:
- approx(ang) = ang - ang**3 / (3*2)
- plot sin(x) title "sin(x)", approx(x) title "approximation"
-
-
- To set a default plot style for functions, see 'set style function'.
-For information on built-in functions, see *note functions::. For
-information on defining your own functions, see 'user-defined'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: parametric, Next: ranges, Prev: functions, Up:
plot
-
-3.18.7 parametric
------------------
-
-When in parametric mode (*note parametric::) mathematical expressions
-must be given in pairs for 'plot' and in triplets for 'splot'.
-
- Examples:
- plot sin(t),t**2
- splot cos(u)*cos(v),cos(u)*sin(v),sin(u)
-
-
- Data files are plotted as before, except any preceding parametric
-function must be fully specified before a data file is given as a plot.
-In other words, the x parametric function ('sin(t)' above) and the y
-parametric function ('t**2' above) must not be interrupted with any
-modifiers or data functions; doing so will generate a syntax error
-stating that the parametric function is not fully specified.
-
- Other modifiers, such as *note with:: and *note title::, may be
-specified only after the parametric function has been completed:
-
- plot sin(t),t**2 title 'Parametric example' with linespoints
-
-
- See also Parametric Mode Demos.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/param.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ranges, Next: sampling, Prev: parametric, Up:
plot
-
-3.18.8 ranges
--------------
-
-This section describes only the optional axis ranges that may appear as
-the very first items in a 'plot' command. If present, these ranges
-override any range limits established by a previous 'set range'
-statement. For optional ranges elsewhere in a 'plot' command that limit
-sampling of an individual plot component see *note sampling::.
-
- Syntax:
- [{<dummy-var>=}{{<min>}:{<max>}}]
- [{{<min>}:{<max>}}]
-
-
- The first form applies to the independent variable (*note xrange:: or
-*note trange::, if in parametric mode). The second form applies to
-dependent variables. <dummy-var> optionally establishes a new name for
-the independent variable. (The default name may be changed with *note
-dummy::.)
-
- In non-parametric mode, ranges must be given in the order
- plot [<xrange>][<yrange>][<x2range>][<y2range>] ...
-
-
- In parametric mode, ranges must be given in the order
- plot [<trange>][<xrange>][<yrange>][<x2range>][<y2range>] ...
-
- The following 'plot' command shows setting *note trange:: to
-[-pi:pi], *note xrange:: to [-1.3:1.3] and *note yrange:: to [-1:1] for
-the duration of the graph:
-
- plot [-pi:pi] [-1.3:1.3] [-1:1] sin(t),t**2
-
-
- '*' can be used to allow autoscaling of either of min and max. Use
-an empty range '[]' as a placeholder if necessary.
-
- Ranges specified on the 'plot' or 'splot' command line affect only
-that one graph; use the *note xrange::, *note yrange::, etc., commands
-to change the default ranges for future graphs.
-
- The use of on-the-fly range specifiers in a plot command may not
-yield the expected result for linked axes (see *note link::). It is
-better to use separate set xrange and set yrange statements instead.
-
- For time data you must provide the range in quotes, using the same
-format used to read time from the datafile. See *note timefmt::.
-
- Examples:
-
- This uses the current ranges:
- plot cos(x)
-
-
- This sets the x range only:
- plot [-10:30] sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
-
-
- This is the same, but uses t as the dummy-variable:
- plot [t = -10 :30] sin(pi*t)/(pi*t)
-
-
- This sets both the x and y ranges:
- plot [-pi:pi] [-3:3] tan(x), 1/x
-
-
- This sets only the y range:
- plot [ ] [-2:sin(5)*-8] sin(x)**besj0(x)
-
-
- This sets xmax and ymin only:
- plot [:200] [-pi:] $mydata using 1:2
-
-
- This sets the x range for a timeseries:
- set timefmt "%d/%m/%y %H:%M"
- plot ["1/6/93 12:00":"5/6/93 12:00"] 'timedata.dat'
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: sampling, Next: for_loops_in_plot_command, Prev:
ranges, Up: plot
-
-3.18.9 sampling
----------------
-
-* Menu:
-
-* 1D_sampling_(x_or_t_axis)::
-* 2D_sampling_(u_and_v_axes)::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: 1D_sampling_(x_or_t_axis), Next:
2D_sampling_(u_and_v_axes), Prev: sampling, Up: sampling
-
-3.18.9.1 1D sampling (x or t axis)
-..................................
-
-By default, computed functions or data generated for the pseudo-file "+"
-are sampled over the entire range of the plot as set by a prior *note
-xrange:: command, by an explicit global range specifier at the very
-start of the plot or splot command, or by autoscaling the xrange to span
-data seen in all the elements of this plot. However, individual plot
-components can be assigned a more restricted sampling range.
-
- Examples:
-
- This establishes a total range on x running from 0 to 1000 and then
-plots data from a file and two functions each spanning a portion of the
-total range:
- plot [0:1000] 'datafile', [0:200] func1(x), [200:500] func2(x)
-
-
- This is similar except that the total range is established by the
-contents of the data file. In this case the sampled functions may or
-may not be entirely contained in the plot:
- set autoscale x
- plot 'datafile', [0:200] func1(x), [200:500] func2(x)
-
-
- This command is ambiguous. The initial range will be interpreted as
-applying to the entire plot, not solely to the sampling of the first
-function as was probably the intent:
- plot [0:10] f(x), [10:20] g(x), [20:30] h(x)
-
-
- This command removes the ambiguity of the previous example by
-inserting the keyword 'sample' so that the range is not applied to the
-entire plot:
- plot sample [0:10] f(x), [10:20] g(x), [20:30] h(x)
-
-
- This example shows one way of tracing out a helix in a 3D plot
- splot [-2:2][-2:2] sample [h=1:10] '+' using (cos(h)):(sin(h)):(h)
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: 2D_sampling_(u_and_v_axes), Prev:
1D_sampling_(x_or_t_axis), Up: sampling
-
-3.18.9.2 2D sampling (u and v axes)
-...................................
-
-Computed functions or data generated for the pseudo-file '++' use
-samples generated along the u and v axes. This is a CHANGE from
-versions prior to 5.2 which sampled along the x and y axes. See
-'special-filenames ++'. 2D sampling can be used in either 'plot' or
-'splot' commands.
-
- Example of 2D sampling in a 2D 'plot' command. These commands
-generated the plot shown for plotstyle *note vectors::. See *note
-vectors::.
- set urange [ -2.0 : 2.0 ]
- set vrange [ -2.0 : 2.0 ]
- plot '++' using ($1):($2):($2*0.4):(-$1*0.4) with vectors
-
-
- Example of 2D sampling in a 3D 'splot' command. These commands are
-similar to the ones used in 'sampling.dem'. Note that the two surfaces
-are sampled over u and v ranges smaller than the full x and y ranges of
-the resulting plot.
- set title "3D sampling range distinct from plot x/y range"
- set xrange [1:100]
- set yrange [1:100]
- splot sample [u=30:70][v=0:50] '++' using 1:2:(u*v) lt 3, \
- [u=40:80][v=30:60] '++' using (u):(v):(u*sqrt(v)) lt 4
-
-
- The range specifiers for sampling on u and v can include an explicit
-sampling interval to control the number and spacing of samples:
- splot sample [u=30:70:1][v=0:50:5] '++' using 1:2:(func($1,$2))
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: for_loops_in_plot_command, Next: title, Prev:
sampling, Up: plot
-
-3.18.10 for loops in plot command
----------------------------------
-
-If many similar files or functions are to be plotted together, it may be
-convenient to do so by iterating over a shared plot command.
-
- Syntax:
- plot for [<variable> = <start> : <end> {:<increment>}]
- plot for [<variable> in "string of words"]
-
-
- The scope of an iteration ends at the next comma or the end of the
-command, whichever comes first. An exception to this is that
-definitions are grouped with the following plot item even if there is an
-intervening comma. Note that iteration does not work for plots in
-parametric mode.
-
- Example:
- plot for [j=1:3] sin(j*x)
-
-
- Example:
- plot for [dataset in "apples bananas"] dataset."dat" title dataset
-
-
- In this example iteration is used both to generate a file name and a
-corresponding title.
-
- Example:
- file(n) = sprintf("dataset_%d.dat",n)
- splot for [i=1:10] file(i) title sprintf("dataset %d",i)
-
-
- This example defines a string-valued function that generates file
-names, and plots ten such files together. The iteration variable ('i'
-in this example) is treated as an integer, and may be used more than
-once.
-
- Example:
- set key left
- plot for [n=1:4] x**n sprintf("%d",n)
-
-
- This example plots a family of functions.
-
- Example:
- list = "apple banana cabbage daikon eggplant"
- item(n) = word(list,n)
- plot for [i=1:words(list)] item[i].".dat" title item(i)
- list = "new stuff"
- replot
-
-
- This example steps through a list and plots once per item. Because
-the items are retrieved dynamically, you can change the list and then
-replot.
-
- Example:
- list = "apple banana cabbage daikon eggplant"
- plot for [i in list] i.".dat" title i
- list = "new stuff"
- replot
-
-
- This example does exactly the same thing as the previous example, but
-uses the string iterator form of the command rather than an integer
-iterator.
-
- If an iteration is to continue until all available data is consumed,
-use the symbol * instead of an integer <end>. This can be used to
-process all columns in a line, all datasets (separated by 2 blank lines)
-in a file, or all files matching a template.
-
- Examples:
- plot for [i=2:*] 'datafile' using 1:i with histogram
- splot for [i=0:*] 'datafile' index i using 1:2:3 with lines
- plot for [i=1:*] file=sprintf("File_%03d.dat",i) file using 2 title
file
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: title, Next: with, Prev:
for_loops_in_plot_command, Up: plot
-
-3.18.11 title
--------------
-
-By default each plot is listed in the key by the corresponding function
-or file name. You can give an explicit plot title instead using the
-*note title:: option.
-
- Syntax:
- title <text> | notitle [<ignored text>]
- title columnheader | title columnheader(N)
- {at {beginning|end}} {{no}enhanced}
-
-
- where <text> is a quoted string or an expression that evaluates to a
-string. The quotes will not be shown in the key.
-
- There is also an option that will interpret the first entry in a
-column of input data (i.e. the column header) as a text field, and use
-it as the key title. See 'datastrings'. This can be made the default
-by specifying *note columnhead::.
-
- The line title and sample can be omitted from the key by using the
-keyword 'notitle'. A null title ('title "') is equivalent to 'notitle'.
-If only the sample is wanted, use one or more blanks ('title ' ''). If
-'notitle' is followed by a string this string is ignored.
-
- If 'key autotitles' is set (which is the default) and neither *note
-title:: nor 'notitle' are specified the line title is the function name
-or the file name as it appears on the 'plot' command. If it is a file
-name, any datafile modifiers specified will be included in the default
-title.
-
- The layout of the key itself (position, title justification, etc.)
-can be controlled by 'set key'. Please see 'set key' for details.
-
- The 'at' keyword allows you to place the plot title somewhere outside
-the auto-generated key box. The title can be placed immediately before
-or after the line in the graph itself by using 'at {beginning|end}'.
-This option may be useful when plotting 'with lines' but makes little
-sense for most other styles.
-
- To place the plot title at an arbitrary location on the page, use the
-form 'at <x-position>,<y-position>'. By default the position is
-interpreted in screen coordinates; e.g. 'at 0.5, 0.5' is always the
-middle of the screen regardless of plot axis scales or borders. The
-format of titles placed in this way is still affected by key options.
-See 'set key'.
-
- Examples:
-
- This plots y=x with the title 'x':
- plot x
-
-
- This plots x squared with title "x^2" and file "data.1" with title
-"measured data":
- plot x**2 title "x^2", 'data.1' t "measured data"
-
-
- Plot multiple columns of data, each of which contains its own title
-on the first line of the file. Place the titles after the corresponding
-lines rather than in a separate key:
- unset key
- set offset 0, graph 0.1
- plot for [i=1:4] 'data' using i with lines title columnhead at end
-
-
- Create a single key area for two separate plots:
- set key Left reverse
- set multiplot layout 2,2
- plot sin(x) with points pt 6 title "Left plot is sin(x)" at 0.5,
0.30
- plot cos(x) with points pt 7 title "Right plot is cos(x)" at 0.5,
0.27
- unset multiplot
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: with, Prev: title, Up: plot
-
-3.18.12 with
-------------
-
-Functions and data may be displayed in one of a large number of styles.
-The *note with:: keyword provides the means of selection.
-
- Syntax:
- with <style> { {linestyle | ls <line_style>}
- | {{linetype | lt <line_type>}
- {linewidth | lw <line_width>}
- {linecolor | lc <colorspec>}
- {pointtype | pt <point_type>}
- {pointsize | ps <point_size>}
- {fill | fs <fillstyle>} {fillcolor | fc
<colorspec>}
- {nohidden3d} {nocontours} {nosurface}
- {palette}}
- }
-
-
- where <style> is one of
-
- lines dots steps errorbars xerrorbar
xyerrorlines
- points impulses fsteps errorlines xerrorlines
yerrorbars
- linespoints labels histeps financebars xyerrorbars
yerrorlines
- surface vectors parallelaxes
-
- or
- boxes boxplot ellipses histograms rgbalpha
- boxerrorbars candlesticks filledcurves image rgbimage
- boxxyerror circles fillsteps pm3d zerrorfill
-
- or
- table
-
-
- The first group of styles have associated line, point, and text
-properties. The second group of styles also have fill properties. See
-'fillstyle'. Some styles have further sub-styles. See 'plotting
-styles' for details of each. The *note table:: style produces tabular
-output rather than a plot. See *note table::.
-
- A default style may be chosen by 'set style function' and 'set style
-data'.
-
- By default, each function and data file will use a different line
-type and point type, up to the maximum number of available types. All
-terminal drivers support at least six different point types, and re-use
-them, in order, if more are required. To see the complete set of line
-and point types available for the current terminal, type *note test::.
-
- If you wish to choose the line or point type for a single plot,
-<line_type> and <point_type> may be specified. These are positive
-integer constants (or expressions) that specify the line type and point
-type to be used for the plot. Use *note test:: to display the types
-available for your terminal.
-
- You may also scale the line width and point size for a plot by using
-<line_width> and <point_size>, which are specified relative to the
-default values for each terminal. The pointsize may also be altered
-globally--see *note pointsize:: for details. But note that both
-<point_size> as set here and as set by *note pointsize:: multiply the
-default point size--their effects are not cumulative. That is, 'set
-pointsize 2; plot x w p ps 3' will use points three times default size,
-not six.
-
- It is also possible to specify 'pointsize variable' either as part of
-a line style or for an individual plot. In this case one extra column
-of input is required, i.e. 3 columns for a 2D plot and 4 columns for a
-3D splot. The size of each individual point is determined by
-multiplying the global pointsize by the value read from the data file.
-
- If you have defined specific line type/width and point type/size
-combinations with 'set style line', one of these may be selected by
-setting <line_style> to the index of the desired style.
-
- If gnuplot was built with *note pm3d:: support, the special keyword
-*note palette:: is allowed for smooth color change of lines, points and
-dots in 'splot'. The color is chosen from a smooth palette which was
-set previously with the command *note palette::. The color value
-corresponds to the z-value of the point coordinates or to the color
-coordinate if specified by the 4th parameter in *note using::. Both 2D
-and 3D plots ('plot' and 'splot' commands) can use palette colors as
-specified by either their fractional value or the corresponding value
-mapped to the colorbox range. A palette color value can also be read
-from an explicitly specified input column in the *note using::
-specifier. See 'colors', *note palette::, 'linetype'.
-
- The keyword 'nohidden3d' applies only to plots made with the 'splot'
-command. Normally the global option *note hidden3d:: applies to all
-plots in the graph. You can attach the 'nohidden3d' option to any
-individual plots that you want to exclude from the hidden3d processing.
-The individual elements other than surfaces (i.e. lines, dots, labels,
-...) of a plot marked 'nohidden3d' will all be drawn, even if they
-would normally be obscured by other plot elements.
-
- Similarly, the keyword 'nocontours' will turn off contouring for an
-individual plot even if the global property *note contour:: is active.
-
- Similarly, the keyword 'nosurface' will turn off the 3D surface for
-an individual plot even if the global property *note surface:: is
-active.
-
- The keywords may be abbreviated as indicated.
-
- Note that the 'linewidth', *note pointsize:: and *note palette::
-options are not supported by all terminals.
-
- Examples:
-
- This plots sin(x) with impulses:
- plot sin(x) with impulses
-
-
- This plots x with points, x**2 with the default:
- plot x w points, x**2
-
-
- This plots tan(x) with the default function style, file "data.1" with
-lines:
- plot [ ] [-2:5] tan(x), 'data.1' with l
-
-
- This plots "leastsq.dat" with impulses:
- plot 'leastsq.dat' w i
-
-
- This plots the data file "population" with boxes:
- plot 'population' with boxes
-
-
- This plots "exper.dat" with errorbars and lines connecting the points
-(errorbars require three or four columns):
- plot 'exper.dat' w lines, 'exper.dat' notitle w errorbars
-
-
- Another way to plot "exper.dat" with errorlines (errorbars require
-three or four columns):
- plot 'exper.dat' w errorlines
-
-
- This plots sin(x) and cos(x) with linespoints, using the same line
-type but different point types:
- plot sin(x) with linesp lt 1 pt 3, cos(x) with linesp lt 1 pt 4
-
-
- This plots file "data" with points of type 3 and twice usual size:
- plot 'data' with points pointtype 3 pointsize 2
-
-
- This plots file "data" with variable pointsize read from column 4
- plot 'data' using 1:2:4 with points pt 5 pointsize variable
-
-
- This plots two data sets with lines differing only by weight:
- plot 'd1' t "good" w l lt 2 lw 3, 'd2' t "bad" w l lt 2 lw 1
-
-
- This plots filled curve of x*x and a color stripe:
- plot x*x with filledcurve closed, 40 with filledcurve y=10
-
-
- This plots x*x and a color box:
- plot x*x, (x>=-5 && x<=5 ? 40 : 1/0) with filledcurve y=10 lt 8
-
-
- This plots a surface with color lines:
- splot x*x-y*y with line palette
-
-
- This plots two color surfaces at different altitudes:
- splot x*x-y*y with pm3d, x*x+y*y with pm3d at t
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: print, Next: printerr, Prev: plot, Up: Commands
-
-3.19 print
-==========
-
-The 'print' command prints the value of <expression> to the screen. It
-is synonymous with 'pause 0'. <expression> may be anything that
-'gnuplot' can evaluate that produces a number, or it can be a string.
-
- Syntax:
- print <expression> {, <expression>, ...}
-
-
- See 'expressions'. The output file can be set with 'set print'. See
-also *note printerr::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: printerr, Next: pwd, Prev: print, Up: Commands
-
-3.20 printerr
-=============
-
-*note printerr:: is the same as print except that output is always sent
-to stderr even if a prior 'set print' command remains in effect.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pwd, Next: quit, Prev: printerr, Up: Commands
-
-3.21 pwd
-========
-
-The *note pwd:: command prints the name of the working directory to the
-screen.
-
- Note that if you wish to store the current directory into a string
-variable or use it in string expressions, then you can use variable
-GPVAL_PWD, see 'show variables all'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: quit, Next: raise, Prev: pwd, Up: Commands
-
-3.22 quit
-=========
-
-The *note exit:: and *note quit:: commands and END-OF-FILE character
-will exit 'gnuplot'. Each of these commands will clear the output
-device (as does the *note clear:: command) before exiting.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: raise, Next: refresh, Prev: quit, Up: Commands
-
-3.23 raise
-==========
-
-Syntax:
- raise {plot_window_id}
- lower {plot_window_id}
-
-
- The *note raise:: and *note lower:: commands function only for a some
-terminal types and may depend also on your window manager and display
-preference settings. An example of use is shown here
- set term wxt 123 # create first plot window
- plot $FOO
- lower # lower the only plot window that exists so far
- set term wxt 456 # create 2nd plot window may occlude the first
one
- plot $BAZ
- raise 123 # raise first plot window
-
- These commands are known to be unreliable.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: refresh, Next: replot, Prev: raise, Up: Commands
-
-3.24 refresh
-============
-
-The *note refresh:: command is similar to *note replot::, with two major
-differences. *note refresh:: reformats and redraws the current plot
-using the data already read in. This means that you can use *note
-refresh:: for plots with inline data (pseudo-device '-') and for plots
-from datafiles whose contents are volatile. You cannot use the *note
-refresh:: command to add new data to an existing plot.
-
- Mousing operations, in particular zoom and unzoom, will use *note
-refresh:: rather than *note replot:: if appropriate. Example:
-
- plot 'datafile' volatile with lines, '-' with labels
- 100 200 "Special point"
- e
- # Various mousing operations go here
- set title "Zoomed in view"
- set term post
- set output 'zoom.ps'
- refresh
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: replot, Next: reread, Prev: refresh, Up: Commands
-
-3.25 replot
-===========
-
-The *note replot:: command without arguments repeats the last 'plot' or
-'splot' command. This can be useful for viewing a plot with different
-'set' options, or when generating the same plot for several devices.
-
- Arguments specified after a *note replot:: command will be added onto
-the last 'plot' or 'splot' command (with an implied ',' separator)
-before it is repeated. *note replot:: accepts the same arguments as the
-'plot' and 'splot' commands except that ranges cannot be specified.
-Thus you can use *note replot:: to plot a function against the second
-axes if the previous command was 'plot' but not if it was 'splot'.
-
- N.B.--use of
-
- plot '-' ; ... ; replot
-
-
- is not recommended, because it will require that you type in the data
-all over again. In most cases you can use the *note refresh:: command
-instead, which will redraw the plot using the data previously read in.
-
- Note that in multiplot mode, *note replot:: can only reproduce the
-most recent component plot, not the full set.
-
- See also 'command-line-editing' for ways to edit the last 'plot'
-('splot') command.
-
- See also 'show plot' to show the whole current plotting command, and
-the possibility to copy it into the 'history'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: reread, Next: reset, Prev: replot, Up: Commands
-
-3.26 reread
-===========
-
-The *note reread:: command causes the current 'gnuplot' command file, as
-specified by a 'load' command or on the command line, to be reset to its
-starting point before further commands are read from it. This
-essentially implements an endless loop of the commands from the
-beginning of the command file to the *note reread:: command. (But this
-is not necessarily a disaster--*note reread:: can be very useful when
-used in conjunction with 'if'.) The *note reread:: command has no
-effect if input from standard input.
-
- Examples:
-
- Suppose the file "looper" contains the commands
- a=a+1
- plot sin(x*a)
- pause -1
- if(a<5) reread
-
- and from within 'gnuplot' you submit the commands
- a=0
- load 'looper'
-
- The result will be five plots (separated by the *note pause::
-message).
-
- Suppose the file "data" contains six columns of numbers with a total
-yrange from 0 to 10; the first is x and the next are five different
-functions of x. Suppose also that the file "plotter" contains the
-commands
- c_p = c_p+1
- plot "$0" using 1:c_p with lines linetype c_p
- if(c_p < n_p) reread
-
- and from within 'gnuplot' you submit the commands
- n_p=6
- c_p=1
- unset key
- set yrange [0:10]
- set multiplot
- call 'plotter' 'data'
- unset multiplot
-
- The result is a single graph consisting of five plots. The yrange
-must be set explicitly to guarantee that the five separate graphs (drawn
-on top of each other in multiplot mode) will have exactly the same axes.
-The linetype must be specified; otherwise all the plots would be drawn
-with the same type. See animate.dem in demo directory for an animated
-example.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: reset, Next: save, Prev: reread, Up: Commands
-
-3.27 reset
-==========
-
-The *note reset:: command causes all graph-related options that can be
-set with the 'set' command to return to their default values. This
-command can be used to restore the default settings after executing a
-loaded command file, or to return to a defined state after lots of
-settings have been changed.
-
- The following are _not_ affected by *note reset::.
- `set term` *note output:: *note loadpath:: *note fontpath:: `set
linetype`
- *note encoding:: *note decimalsign:: *note locale:: *note psdir::
*note fit::
- *note multiplot::
-
-
- Note that *note reset:: does not necessarily return settings to the
-state they were in at program entry, because the default values may have
-been altered by commands in the initialization files gnuplotrc or
-$HOME/.gnuplot. However, these commands can be re-executed by using the
-variant command 'reset session'.
-
- 'reset session' deletes any user-defined variables and functions,
-restores default settings, and then re-executes the system-wide
-gnuplotrc initialization file and any private $HOME/.gnuplot preferences
-file. See 'initialization'.
-
- 'reset errors' clears only the error state variables GPVAL_ERRNO and
-GPVAL_ERRMSG.
-
- 'reset bind' restores all hotkey bindings to their default state.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: save, Next: set-show, Prev: reset, Up: Commands
-
-3.28 save
-=========
-
-Syntax:
- save {functions | variables | terminal | set | fit} '<filename>'
-
-
- If no option is specified, 'gnuplot' saves functions, variables,
-'set' options and the last 'plot' ('splot') command.
-
- *note save::d files are written in text format and may be read by the
-'load' command. For *note save:: with the 'set' option or without any
-option, the *note terminal:: choice and the *note output:: filename are
-written out as a comment, to get an output file that works in other
-installations of gnuplot, without changes and without risk of
-unwillingly overwriting files.
-
- *note terminal:: will write out just the *note terminal:: status,
-without the comment marker in front of it. This is mainly useful for
-switching the *note terminal:: setting for a short while, and getting
-back to the previously set terminal, afterwards, by loading the saved
-*note terminal:: status. Note that for a single gnuplot session you may
-rather use the other method of saving and restoring current terminal by
-the commands 'set term push' and 'set term pop', see 'set term'.
-
- *note fit:: saves only the variables used in the most recent *note
-fit:: command. The saved file may be used as a parameter file to
-initialize future fit commands using the 'via' keyword.
-
- The filename must be enclosed in quotes.
-
- The special filename "-" may be used to *note save:: commands to
-standard output. On systems which support a popen function (Unix), the
-output of save can be piped through an external program by starting the
-file name with a '|'. This provides a consistent interface to
-'gnuplot''s internal settings to programs which communicate with
-'gnuplot' through a pipe. Please see help for 'batch/interactive' for
-more details.
-
- Examples:
- save 'work.gnu'
- save functions 'func.dat'
- save var 'var.dat'
- save set 'options.dat'
- save term 'myterm.gnu'
- save '-'
- save '|grep title >t.gp'
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set-show, Next: shell, Prev: save, Up: Commands
-
-3.29 set-show
-=============
-
-The 'set' command can be used to set _lots_ of options. No screen is
-drawn, however, until a 'plot', 'splot', or *note replot:: command is
-given.
-
- The 'show' command shows their settings; 'show all' shows all the
-settings.
-
- Options changed using 'set' can be returned to the default state by
-giving the corresponding *note unset:: command. See also the *note
-reset:: command, which returns all settable parameters to default
-values.
-
- The 'set' and *note unset:: commands may optionally contain an
-iteration clause. See 'plot for'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* angles::
-* arrow::
-* autoscale::
-* bind_::
-* bmargin::
-* border::
-* boxwidth::
-* color::
-* colorsequence::
-* clabel::
-* clip::
-* cntrlabel::
-* cntrparam::
-* color_box::
-* colornames::
-* contour::
-* dashtype_::
-* data_style::
-* datafile::
-* decimalsign::
-* dgrid3d::
-* dummy::
-* encoding::
-* errorbars_::
-* fit_::
-* fontpath::
-* format_::
-* function_style::
-* functions_::
-* grid::
-* hidden3d::
-* historysize::
-* history_::
-* isosamples::
-* jitter::
-* key::
-* label::
-* linetype::
-* link::
-* lmargin::
-* loadpath::
-* locale::
-* logscale::
-* macros::
-* mapping::
-* margin::
-* micro::
-* minussign::
-* monochrome::
-* mouse::
-* mttics::
-* multiplot::
-* mx2tics::
-* mxtics::
-* my2tics::
-* mytics::
-* mztics::
-* nonlinear::
-* object::
-* offsets::
-* origin::
-* output::
-* parametric_::
-* paxis::
-* plot_::
-* pm3d::
-* palette::
-* pointintervalbox::
-* pointsize::
-* polar::
-* print_::
-* psdir::
-* raxis::
-* rgbmax::
-* rlabel::
-* rmargin::
-* rrange::
-* rtics::
-* samples::
-* size::
-* style::
-* surface::
-* table::
-* terminal::
-* termoption::
-* theta::
-* tics::
-* ticslevel::
-* ticscale::
-* timestamp::
-* timefmt::
-* title_::
-* tmargin::
-* trange::
-* ttics::
-* urange::
-* variables::
-* version::
-* view::
-* vrange::
-* x2data::
-* x2dtics::
-* x2label::
-* x2mtics::
-* x2range::
-* x2tics::
-* x2zeroaxis::
-* xdata::
-* xdtics::
-* xlabel::
-* xmtics::
-* xrange::
-* xtics::
-* xyplane::
-* xzeroaxis::
-* y2data::
-* y2dtics::
-* y2label::
-* y2mtics::
-* y2range::
-* y2tics::
-* y2zeroaxis::
-* ydata::
-* ydtics::
-* ylabel::
-* ymtics::
-* yrange::
-* ytics::
-* yzeroaxis::
-* zdata::
-* zdtics::
-* zzeroaxis::
-* cbdata::
-* cbdtics::
-* zero::
-* zeroaxis::
-* zlabel::
-* zmtics::
-* zrange::
-* ztics::
-* cblabel::
-* cbmtics::
-* cbrange::
-* cbtics::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: angles, Next: arrow, Prev: set-show, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.1 angles
--------------
-
-By default, 'gnuplot' assumes the independent variable in polar graphs
-is in units of radians. If 'set angles degrees' is specified before
-'set polar', then the default range is [0:360] and the independent
-variable has units of degrees. This is particularly useful for plots of
-data files. The angle setting also applies to 3D mapping as set via the
-*note mapping:: command.
-
- Syntax:
- set angles {degrees | radians}
- show angles
-
-
- The angle specified in 'set grid polar' is also read and displayed in
-the units specified by *note angles::.
-
- *note angles:: also affects the arguments of the machine-defined
-functions sin(x), cos(x) and tan(x), and the outputs of asin(x),
-acos(x), atan(x), atan2(x), and arg(x). It has no effect on the
-arguments of hyperbolic functions or Bessel functions. However, the
-output arguments of inverse hyperbolic functions of complex arguments
-are affected; if these functions are used, 'set angles radians' must be
-in effect to maintain consistency between input and output arguments.
-
- x={1.0,0.1}
- set angles radians
- y=sinh(x)
- print y #prints {1.16933, 0.154051}
- print asinh(y) #prints {1.0, 0.1}
-
- but
- set angles degrees
- y=sinh(x)
- print y #prints {1.16933, 0.154051}
- print asinh(y) #prints {57.29578, 5.729578}
-
- See also poldat.dem: polar plot using *note angles:: demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/poldat.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: arrow, Next: autoscale, Prev: angles, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.2 arrow
-------------
-
-Arbitrary arrows can be placed on a plot using the *note arrow::
-command.
-
- Syntax:
- set arrow {<tag>} from <position> to <position>
- set arrow {<tag>} from <position> rto <position>
- set arrow {<tag>} from <position> length <coord> angle <ang>
- set arrow <tag> arrowstyle | as <arrow_style>
- set arrow <tag> {nohead | head | backhead | heads}
- {size <headlength>,<headangle>{,<backangle>}}
{fixed}
- {filled | empty | nofilled | noborder}
- {front | back}
- {linestyle | ls <line_style>}
- {linetype | lt <line_type>}
- {linewidth | lw <line_width>}
- {linecolor | lc <colorspec>}
- {dashtype | dt <dashtype>}
-
-
- unset arrow {<tag>}
- show arrow {<tag>}
-
-
- <tag> is an integer that identifies the arrow. If no tag is given,
-the lowest unused tag value is assigned automatically. The tag can be
-used to delete or change a specific arrow. To change any attribute of
-an existing arrow, use the *note arrow:: command with the appropriate
-tag and specify the parts of the arrow to be changed.
-
- The position of the first end point of the arrow is always specified
-by "from". The other end point can be specified using any of three
-different mechanisms. The <position>s are specified by either x,y or
-x,y,z, and may be preceded by 'first', 'second', 'graph', 'screen', or
-'character' to select the coordinate system. Unspecified coordinates
-default to 0. See 'coordinates' for details. A coordinate system
-specifier does not carry over from the first endpoint description the
-second.
-
- 1) "to <position>" specifies the absolute coordinates of the other
-end.
-
- 2) "rto <position>" specifies an offset to the "from" position. For
-linear axes, 'graph' and 'screen' coordinates, the distance between the
-start and the end point corresponds to the given relative coordinate.
-For logarithmic axes, the relative given coordinate corresponds to the
-factor of the coordinate between start and end point. Thus, a negative
-relative value or zero are not allowed for logarithmic axes.
-
- 3) "length <coordinate> angle <angle>" specifies the orientation of
-the arrow in the plane of the graph. Again any of the coordinate
-systems can be used to specify the length. The angle is always in
-degrees.
-
- Other characteristics of the arrow can either be specified as a
-pre-defined arrow style or by providing them in *note arrow:: command.
-For a detailed explanation of arrow characteristics, see 'arrowstyle'.
-
- Examples:
-
- To set an arrow pointing from the origin to (1,2) with user-defined
-linestyle 5, use:
- set arrow to 1,2 ls 5
-
-
- To set an arrow from bottom left of plotting area to (-5,5,3), and
-tag the arrow number 3, use:
- set arrow 3 from graph 0,0 to -5,5,3
-
-
- To change the preceding arrow to end at 1,1,1, without an arrow head
-and double its width, use:
- set arrow 3 to 1,1,1 nohead lw 2
-
-
- To draw a vertical line from the bottom to the top of the graph at
-x=3, use:
- set arrow from 3, graph 0 to 3, graph 1 nohead
-
-
- To draw a vertical arrow with T-shape ends, use:
- set arrow 3 from 0,-5 to 0,5 heads size screen 0.1,90
-
-
- To draw an arrow relatively to the start point, where the relative
-distances are given in graph coordinates, use:
- set arrow from 0,-5 rto graph 0.1,0.1
-
-
- To draw an arrow with relative end point in logarithmic x axis, use:
- set logscale x
- set arrow from 100,-5 rto 10,10
-
- This draws an arrow from 100,-5 to 1000,5. For the logarithmic x
-axis, the relative coordinate 10 means "factor 10" while for the linear
-y axis, the relative coordinate 10 means "difference 10".
-
- To delete arrow number 2, use:
- unset arrow 2
-
-
- To delete all arrows, use:
- unset arrow
-
-
- To show all arrows (in tag order), use:
- show arrow
-
-
- arrows demos. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/arrowstyle.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: autoscale, Next: bind_, Prev: arrow, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.3 autoscale
-----------------
-
-Autoscaling may be set individually on the x, y or z axis or globally on
-all axes. The default is to autoscale all axes. If you want to
-autoscale based on a subset of the plots in the figure, you can mark the
-other ones with the flag 'noautoscale'. See *note datafile::.
-
- Syntax:
- set autoscale {<axes>{|min|max|fixmin|fixmax|fix} | fix | keepfix}
- set autoscale noextend
- unset autoscale {<axes>}
- show autoscale
-
-
- where <axes> is either 'x', 'y', 'z', 'cb', 'x2', 'y2' or 'xy'. A
-keyword with 'min' or 'max' appended (this cannot be done with 'xy')
-tells 'gnuplot' to autoscale just the minimum or maximum of that axis.
-If no keyword is given, all axes are autoscaled.
-
- By default autoscaling sets the axis range limits to the nearest tic
-label position that includes all the plot data. Keywords 'fixmin',
-'fixmax', 'fix' or 'noextend' tell gnuplot to disable extension of the
-axis range to the next tic mark position. In this case the axis range
-limit exactly matches the coordinate of the most extreme data point.
-'set autoscale noextend' is a synonym for 'set autoscale fix'. Range
-extension for a single axis can be disabled by appending the 'noextend'
-keyword to the corresponding range command, e.g.
- set yrange [0:*] noextend
-
-
- 'set autoscale keepfix' autoscales all axes while leaving the fix
-settings unchanged.
-
- When autoscaling, the axis range is automatically computed and the
-dependent axis (y for a 'plot' and z for 'splot') is scaled to include
-the range of the function or data being plotted.
-
- If autoscaling of the dependent axis (y or z) is not set, the current
-y or z range is used.
-
- Autoscaling the independent variables (x for 'plot' and x,y for
-'splot') is a request to set the domain to match any data file being
-plotted. If there are no data files, autoscaling an independent
-variable has no effect. In other words, in the absence of a data file,
-functions alone do not affect the x range (or the y range if plotting z
-= f(x,y)).
-
- Please see *note xrange:: for additional information about ranges.
-
- The behavior of autoscaling remains consistent in parametric mode,
-(see *note parametric::). However, there are more dependent variables
-and hence more control over x, y, and z axis scales. In parametric
-mode, the independent or dummy variable is t for 'plot's and u,v for
-'splot's. *note autoscale:: in parametric mode, then, controls all
-ranges (t, u, v, x, y, and z) and allows x, y, and z to be fully
-autoscaled.
-
- When tics are displayed on second axes but no plot has been specified
-for those axes, x2range and y2range are inherited from xrange and
-yrange. This is done _before_ applying offsets or autoextending the
-ranges to a whole number of tics, which can cause unexpected results.
-To prevent this you can explicitly link the secondary axis range to the
-primary axis range. See *note link::.
-
- Examples:
-
- This sets autoscaling of the y axis (other axes are not affected):
- set autoscale y
-
-
- This sets autoscaling only for the minimum of the y axis (the maximum
-of the y axis and the other axes are not affected):
- set autoscale ymin
-
-
- This disables extension of the x2 axis tics to the next tic mark,
-thus keeping the exact range as found in the plotted data and functions:
- set autoscale x2fixmin
- set autoscale x2fixmax
-
-
- This sets autoscaling of the x and y axes:
- set autoscale xy
-
-
- This sets autoscaling of the x, y, z, x2 and y2 axes:
- set autoscale
-
-
- This disables autoscaling of the x, y, z, x2 and y2 axes:
- unset autoscale
-
-
- This disables autoscaling of the z axis only:
- unset autoscale z
-
-
-* Menu:
-
-* polar_mode::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: polar_mode, Prev: autoscale, Up: autoscale
-
-3.29.3.1 polar mode
-...................
-
-When in polar mode ('set polar'), the xrange and the yrange may be left
-in autoscale mode. If *note rrange:: is used to limit the extent of the
-polar axis, then xrange and yrange will adjust to match this
-automatically. However, explicit xrange and yrange commands can later
-be used to make further adjustments. See *note rrange::.
-
- See also polar demos. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/poldat.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: bind_, Next: bmargin, Prev: autoscale, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.4 bind
------------
-
-'show bind' shows the current state of all hotkey bindings. See 'bind'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: bmargin, Next: border, Prev: bind_, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.5 bmargin
---------------
-
-The command *note bmargin:: sets the size of the bottom margin. Please
-see *note margin:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: border, Next: boxwidth, Prev: bmargin, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.6 border
--------------
-
-The *note border:: and *note border:: commands control the display of
-the graph borders for the 'plot' and 'splot' commands. Note that the
-borders do not necessarily coincide with the axes; with 'plot' they
-often do, but with 'splot' they usually do not.
-
- Syntax:
- set border {<integer>}
- {front | back | behind}
- {linestyle | ls <line_style>}
- {linetype | lt <line_type>} {linewidth | lw <line_width>}
- {linecolor | lc <colorspec>} {dashtype | dt <dashtype>}
- {polar}
- unset border
- show border
-
-
- With a 'splot' displayed in an arbitrary orientation, like 'set view
-56,103', the four corners of the x-y plane can be referred to as
-"front", "back", "left" and "right". A similar set of four corners
-exist for the top surface, of course. Thus the border connecting, say,
-the back and right corners of the x-y plane is the "bottom right back"
-border, and the border connecting the top and bottom front corners is
-the "front vertical". (This nomenclature is defined solely to allow the
-reader to figure out the table that follows.)
-
- The borders are encoded in a 12-bit integer: the four low bits
-control the border for 'plot' and the sides of the base for 'splot'; the
-next four bits control the verticals in 'splot'; the four high bits
-control the edges on top of an 'splot'. The border settings is thus the
-sum of the appropriate entries from the following table:
-
- Bit plot splot
- 1 bottom bottom left front
- 2 left bottom left back
- 4 top bottom right front
- 8 right bottom right back
- 16 no effect left vertical
- 32 no effect back vertical
- 64 no effect right vertical
- 128 no effect front vertical
- 256 no effect top left back
- 512 no effect top right back
- 1024 no effect top left front
- 2048 no effect top right front
- 4096 polar no effect
-
-
- The default setting is 31, which is all four sides for 'plot', and
-base and z axis for 'splot'.
-
- In 2D plots the border is normally drawn on top of all plots elements
-('front'). If you want the border to be drawn behind the plot elements,
-use 'set border back'.
-
- In hidden3d plots the lines making up the border are normally subject
-to the same hidden3d processing as the plot elements. 'set border
-behind' will override this default.
-
- Using the optional <linestyle>, <linetype>, <linewidth>, <linecolor>,
-and <dashtype> specifiers, the way the border lines are drawn can be
-influenced (limited by what the current terminal driver supports).
-Besides the border itself, this line style is used for the tics,
-independent of whether they are plotted on the border or on the axes
-(see 'set xtics').
-
- For 'plot', tics may be drawn on edges other than bottom and left by
-enabling the second axes - see 'set xtics' for details.
-
- If a 'splot' draws only on the base, as is the case with "'unset
-surface; set contour base'", then the verticals and the top are not
-drawn even if they are specified.
-
- The 'set grid' options 'back', 'front' and 'layerdefault' also
-control the order in which the border lines are drawn with respect to
-the output of the plotted data.
-
- The 'polar' keyword enables a circular border for polar plots.
-
- Examples:
-
- Draw default borders:
- set border
-
-
- Draw only the left and bottom ('plot') or both front and back bottom
-left ('splot') borders:
- set border 3
-
-
- Draw a complete box around a 'splot':
- set border 4095
-
-
- Draw a topless box around a 'splot', omitting the front vertical:
- set border 127+256+512 # or set border 1023-128
-
-
- Draw only the top and right borders for a 'plot' and label them as
-axes:
- unset xtics; unset ytics; set x2tics; set y2tics; set border 12
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: boxwidth, Next: color, Prev: border, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.7 boxwidth
----------------
-
-The *note boxwidth:: command is used to set the default width of boxes
-in the *note boxes::, *note boxerrorbars::, *note boxplot::, *note
-candlesticks:: and *note histograms:: styles.
-
- Syntax:
- set boxwidth {<width>} {absolute|relative}
- show boxwidth
-
-
- By default, adjacent boxes are extended in width until they touch
-each other. A different default width may be specified using the *note
-boxwidth:: command. 'Relative' widths are interpreted as being a
-fraction of this default width.
-
- An explicit value for the boxwidth is interpreted as being a number
-of units along the current x axis ('absolute') unless the modifier
-'relative' is given. If the x axis is a log-scale (see 'set log') then
-the value of boxwidth is truly "absolute" only at x=1; this physical
-width is maintained everywhere along the axis (i.e. the boxes do not
-become narrower the value of x increases). If the range spanned by a
-log scale x axis is far from x=1, some experimentation may be required
-to find a useful value of boxwidth.
-
- The default is superseded by explicit width information taken from an
-extra data column in styles *note boxes:: or *note boxerrorbars::. In a
-four-column data set, the fourth column will be interpreted as the box
-width unless the width is set to -2.0, in which case the width will be
-calculated automatically. See *note boxes:: and *note boxerrorbars::
-for more details.
-
- To set the box width to automatic use the command
- set boxwidth
-
-
- or, for four-column data,
- set boxwidth -2
-
-
- The same effect can be achieved with the *note using:: keyword in
-'plot':
- plot 'file' using 1:2:3:4:(-2)
-
-
- To set the box width to half of the automatic size use
- set boxwidth 0.5 relative
-
-
- To set the box width to an absolute value of 2 use
- set boxwidth 2 absolute
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: color, Next: colorsequence, Prev: boxwidth, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.8 color
-------------
-
-Gnuplot supports two alternative sets of linetypes. The default set
-uses a different color for each linetype, although it also allows you to
-draw dotted or dashed lines in that color. The alternative monochrome
-set uses only dot/dash pattern or linewidth to distinguish linetypes.
-The 'set color' command selects the color linetypes. See *note
-monochrome::, 'set linetype', and *note colorsequence::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: colorsequence, Next: clabel, Prev: color, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.9 colorsequence
---------------------
-
-Syntax:
- set colorsequence {default|classic|podo}
-
-
- 'set colorsequence default' selects a terminal-independent repeating
-sequence of eight colors. See 'set linetype', 'colors'.
-
- 'set colorsequence classic' lets each separate terminal type provide
-its own sequence of line colors. The number provided varies from 4 to
-more than 100, but most start with red/green/blue/magenta/cyan/yellow.
-This was the default behaviour of earlier gnuplot versions.
-
- 'set colorsequence podo' selects eight colors drawn from a set
-recommended by Wong (2011) [Nature Methods 8:441] as being easily
-distinguished by color-blind viewers with either protanopia or
-deuteranopia.
-
- In each case you can further customize the length of the sequence and
-the colors used. See 'set linetype', 'colors'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: clabel, Next: clip, Prev: colorsequence, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.10 clabel
---------------
-
-This command is obsolete. Use *note cntrlabel:: instead. *note
-clabel:: is replaced by 'set cntrlabel onecolor'. 'set clabel "format"'
-is replaced by 'set cntrlabel format "format"'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: clip, Next: cntrlabel, Prev: clabel, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.11 clip
-------------
-
-Syntax:
- set clip {points|one|two}
- unset clip {points|one|two}
- show clip
-
-
- Default state:
- unset clip points
- set clip one
- unset clip two
-
-
- Data points whose center lies inside the plot boundaries are normally
-drawn even if the finite size of the point symbol causes it to extend
-past a boundary line. 'set clip points' causes such points to be
-clipped (i.e. not drawn) even though the point center is inside the
-boundaries of a 2D plot. Data points whose center lies outside the plot
-boundaries are never drawn.
-
- Normally a line segment in a plot is not drawn if either end of the
-segment lies outside the plot boundaries (i.e. xrange and yrange).
-'set clip one' causes 'gnuplot' to draw also the in-range portion of
-line segments with one endpoint out of range. 'set clip two' causes
-'gnuplot' to draw also the in-range portion of line segments with both
-endpoints out of range. Line segments that lie entirely outside the
-plot boundaries are never drawn.
-
- Notes:
-
- * 'set clip' affects only points and lines produced by plot styles
-'lines', *note linespoints::, 'points', and *note vectors::.
-
- * Clipping of colored quadrangles drawn for *note pm3d:: maps and
-surfaces is controlled 'set pm3d clip1in' and 'set pm3d clip4in'.
-
- * Object clipping is controlled by the '{clip|noclip}' property of
-the individual object.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cntrlabel, Next: cntrparam, Prev: clip, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.12 cntrlabel
------------------
-
-Syntax:
- set cntrlabel {format "format"} {font "font"}
- set cntrlabel {start <int>} {interval <int>}
- set contrlabel onecolor
-
-
- *note cntrlabel:: controls the labeling of contours, either in the
-key (default) or on the plot itself in the case of *note labels::. In
-the latter case labels are placed along each contour line according to
-the 'pointinterval' or 'pointnumber' property of the label descriptor.
-By default a label is placed on the 5th line segment making up the
-contour line and repeated every 20th segment. These defaults are
-equivalent to
- set cntrlabel start 5 interval 20
-
- They can be changed either via the *note cntrlabel:: command or by
-specifying the interval in the 'splot' command itself
- set contours; splot $FOO with labels point pointinterval -1
-
- Setting the interval to a negative value means that the label appear
-only once per contour line. However if *note samples:: or *note
-isosamples:: is large then many contour lines may be created, each with
-a single label.
-
- A contour label is placed in the plot key for each linetype used. By
-default each contour level is given its own linetype, so a separate
-label appears for each. The command 'set cntrlabel onecolor' causes all
-contours to be drawn using the same linetype, so only one label appears
-in the plot key. This command replaces an older command *note clabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cntrparam, Next: color_box, Prev: cntrlabel, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.13 cntrparam
------------------
-
-*note cntrparam:: controls the generation of contours and their
-smoothness for a contour plot. *note contour:: displays current
-settings of *note cntrparam:: as well as *note contour::.
-
- Syntax:
- set cntrparam { { linear
- | cubicspline
- | bspline
- | points <n>
- | order <n>
- | levels { auto {<n>} | <n>
- | discrete <z1> {,<z2>{,<z3>...}}
- | incremental <start>, <incr> {,<end>}
- }
- {{un}sorted}
- {firstlinetype N}
- }
- }
- show contour
-
-
- This command has two functions. First, it sets the values of z for
-which contours are to be determined. The number of contour levels <n>
-should be an integral constant expression. <z1>, <z2> ... are
-real-valued expressions. Second, it controls the appearance of the
-individual contour lines.
-
- Keywords controlling the smoothness of contour lines:
-
- 'linear', 'cubicspline', 'bspline'-- Controls type of approximation
-or interpolation. If 'linear', then straight line segments connect
-points of equal z magnitude. If 'cubicspline', then piecewise-linear
-contours are interpolated between the same equal z points to form
-somewhat smoother contours, but which may undulate. If 'bspline', a
-guaranteed-smoother curve is drawn, which only approximates the position
-of the points of equal-z.
-
- 'points'-- Eventually all drawings are done with piecewise-linear
-strokes. This number controls the number of line segments used to
-approximate the 'bspline' or 'cubicspline' curve. Number of cubicspline
-or bspline segments (strokes) = 'points' * number of linear segments.
-
- 'order'-- Order of the bspline approximation to be used. The bigger
-this order is, the smoother the resulting contour. (Of course, higher
-order bspline curves will move further away from the original piecewise
-linear data.) This option is relevant for 'bspline' mode only. Allowed
-values are integers in the range from 2 (linear) to 10.
-
- Keywords controlling the selection of contour levels:
-
- 'levels auto'-- This is the default. <n> specifies a nominal number
-of levels; the actual number will be adjusted to give simple labels. If
-the surface is bounded by zmin and zmax, contours will be generated at
-integer multiples of dz between zmin and zmax, where dz is 1, 2, or 5
-times some power of ten (like the step between two tic marks).
-
- 'levels discrete'-- Contours will be generated at z = <z1>, <z2> ...
-as specified; the number of discrete levels sets the number of contour
-levels. In 'discrete' mode, any 'set cntrparam levels <n>' are ignored.
-
- 'levels incremental'-- Contours are generated at values of z
-beginning at <start> and increasing by <increment>, until the number of
-contours is reached. <end> is used to determine the number of contour
-levels, which will be changed by any subsequent 'set cntrparam levels
-<n>'. If the z axis is logarithmic, <increment> will be interpreted as
-a factor, just like in *note ztics::.
-
- Keywords controlling the assignment of linetype to contours:
-
- By default the contours are generated in the reverse order specified
-('unsorted'). Thus 'set cntrparam levels increment 0, 10, 100' will
-create 11 contours levels starting with 100 and ending with 0. Adding
-the keyword 'sorted' re-orders the contours by increasing numerical
-value, which in this case would mean the first contour is drawn at 0.
-
- By default contours are drawn using successive linetypes starting
-with the next linetype after that used for the corresponding surface.
-Thus 'splot x*y lt 5' would use lt 6 for the first contour generated.
-If *note hidden3d:: mode is active then each surface uses two linetypes.
-In this case using default settings would cause the first contour to use
-the same linetype as the hidden surface, which is undesirable. This can
-be avoided in either of two ways. (1) Use 'set hidden3d offset N' to
-change the linetype used for the hidden surface. A good choice would be
-'offset -1' since that will avoid all the contour linetypes. (2) Use
-the 'set cntrparam firstlinetype N' option to specify a block of
-linetypes used for contour lines independent of whatever was used for
-the surface. This is particularly useful if you want to customize the
-set of contour linetypes. N <= 0 restores the default.
-
- If the command *note cntrparam:: is given without any arguments
-specified all options are reset to the default:
- set cntrparam order 4 points 5
- set cntrparam levels auto 5 unsorted
- set cntrparam firstlinetype 0
-
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Examples::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Examples, Prev: cntrparam, Up: cntrparam
-
-3.29.13.1 Examples
-..................
-
-Examples:
- set cntrparam bspline
- set cntrparam points 7
- set cntrparam order 10
-
-
- To select levels automatically, 5 if the level increment criteria are
-met:
- set cntrparam levels auto 5
-
-
- To specify discrete levels at .1, .37, and .9:
- set cntrparam levels discrete .1,1/exp(1),.9
-
-
- To specify levels from 0 to 4 with increment 1:
- set cntrparam levels incremental 0,1,4
-
-
- To set the number of levels to 10 (changing an incremental end or
-possibly the number of auto levels):
- set cntrparam levels 10
-
-
- To set the start and increment while retaining the number of levels:
- set cntrparam levels incremental 100,50
-
-
- To define and use a customized block of contour linetypes
- set linetype 100 lc "red" dt '....'
- do for [L=101:199] {
- if (L%10 == 0) {
- set linetype L lc "black" dt solid lw 2
- } else {
- set linetype L lc "gray" dt solid lw 1
- }
- }
- set cntrparam firstlinetype 100
- set cntrparam sorted levels incremental 0, 1, 100
-
-
- See also *note contour:: for control of where the contours are drawn,
-and *note cntrlabel:: for control of the format of the contour labels
-and linetypes.
-
- See also contours demo (contours.dem)
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/contours.html) and contours with user
-defined levels demo (discrete.dem).
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/discrete.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: color_box, Next: colornames, Prev: cntrparam,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.14 color box
------------------
-
-The color scheme, i.e. the gradient of the smooth color with min_z and
-max_z values of *note pm3d::'s *note palette::, is drawn in a color box
-unless 'unset colorbox'.
-
- set colorbox
- set colorbox {
- { vertical | horizontal } {{no}invert}
- { default | user }
- { origin x, y }
- { size x, y }
- { front | back }
- { noborder | bdefault | border [line style] }
- }
- show colorbox
- unset colorbox
-
-
- Color box position can be 'default' or 'user'. If the latter is
-specified the values as given with the *note origin:: and *note size::
-subcommands are used. The box can be drawn after ('front') or before
-('back') the graph or the surface.
-
- The orientation of the color gradient can be switched by options
-'vertical' and 'horizontal'.
-
- 'origin x, y' and 'size x, y' are used only in combination with the
-'user' option. The x and y values are interpreted as screen coordinates
-by default, and this is the only legal option for 3D plots. 2D plots,
-including splot with 'set view map', allow any coordinate system to be
-specified. Try for example:
- set colorbox horiz user origin .1,.02 size .8,.04
-
- which will draw a horizontal gradient somewhere at the bottom of the
-graph.
-
- *note border:: turns the border on (this is the default). 'noborder'
-turns the border off. If an positive integer argument is given after
-*note border::, it is used as a line style tag which is used for drawing
-the border, e.g.:
- set style line 2604 linetype -1 linewidth .4
- set colorbox border 2604
-
- will use line style '2604', a thin line with the default border color
-(-1) for drawing the border. 'bdefault' (which is the default) will use
-the default border line style for drawing the border of the color box.
-
- The axis of the color box is called 'cb' and it is controlled by
-means of the usual axes commands, i.e. 'set/unset/show' with *note
-cbrange::, '[m]cbtics', 'format cb', 'grid [m]cb', *note cblabel::, and
-perhaps even *note cbdata::, '[no]cbdtics', '[no]cbmtics'.
-
- 'set colorbox' without any parameter switches the position to
-default. 'unset colorbox' resets the default parameters for the
-colorbox and switches the colorbox off.
-
- See also help for *note pm3d::, *note palette::, *note pm3d::, and
-'set style line'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: colornames, Next: contour, Prev: color_box, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.15 colornames
-------------------
-
-Gnuplot knows a limited number of color names. You can use these to
-define the color range spanned by a pm3d palette, or to assign a
-terminal-independent color to a particular linetype or linestyle. To
-see the list of known color names, use the command *note colornames::.
-Example:
-
- set style line 1 linecolor "sea-green"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: contour, Next: dashtype_, Prev: colornames, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.16 contour
----------------
-
-*note contour:: enables contour drawing for surfaces. This option is
-available for 'splot' only. It requires grid data, see 'grid_data' for
-more details. If contours are desired from non-grid data, *note
-dgrid3d:: can be used to create an appropriate grid.
-
- Syntax:
- set contour {base | surface | both}
- unset contour
- show contour
-
-
- The three options specify where to draw the contours: 'base' draws
-the contours on the grid base where the x/ytics are placed, *note
-surface:: draws the contours on the surfaces themselves, and 'both'
-draws the contours on both the base and the surface. If no option is
-provided, the default is 'base'.
-
- See also *note cntrparam:: for the parameters that affect the drawing
-of contours, and *note cntrlabel:: for control of labeling of the
-contours.
-
- The surface can be switched off (see *note surface::), giving a
-contour-only graph. Though it is possible to use *note size:: to
-enlarge the plot to fill the screen, more control over the output format
-can be obtained by writing the contour information to a datablock, and
-rereading it as a 2D datafile plot:
-
- unset surface
- set contour
- set cntrparam ...
- set table $datablock
- splot ...
- unset table
- # contour info now in $datablock
- set term <whatever>
- plot $datablock
-
-
- In order to draw contours, the data should be organized as "grid
-data". In such a file all the points for a single y-isoline are listed,
-then all the points for the next y-isoline, and so on. A single blank
-line (a line containing no characters other than blank spaces and a
-carriage return and/or a line feed) separates one y-isoline from the
-next. See also *note datafile::.
-
- See also contours demo (contours.dem)
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/contours.html) and contours with user
-defined levels demo (discrete.dem).
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/discrete.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dashtype_, Next: data_style, Prev: contour, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.17 dashtype
-----------------
-
-The *note dashtype:: command allows you to define a dash pattern that
-can then be referred to by its index. This is purely a convenience, as
-anywhere that would accept the dashtype by its numerical index would
-also accept an explicit dash pattern. Example:
- set dashtype 5 (2,4,2,6) # define or redefine dashtype number 5
- plot f1(x) dt 5 # plot using the new dashtype
- plot f1(x) dt (2,4,2,6) # exactly the same plot as above
- set linetype 5 dt 5 # always use this dash pattern with
linetype 5
- set dashtype 66 "..-" # define a new dashtype using a string
-
- See also *note dashtype::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: data_style, Next: datafile, Prev: dashtype_, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.18 data style
-------------------
-
-This form of the command is deprecated. Please see 'set style data'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: datafile, Next: decimalsign, Prev: data_style,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.19 datafile
-----------------
-
-The *note datafile:: command options control interpretation of fields
-read from input data files by the 'plot', 'splot', and *note fit::
-commands. Six such options are currently implemented.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* set_datafile_fortran::
-* set_datafile_nofpe_trap::
-* set_datafile_missing::
-* set_datafile_separator::
-* set_datafile_commentschars::
-* set_datafile_binary::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_datafile_fortran, Next:
set_datafile_nofpe_trap, Prev: datafile, Up: datafile
-
-3.29.19.1 set datafile fortran
-..............................
-
-The 'set datafile fortran' command enables a special check for values in
-the input file expressed as Fortran D or Q constants. This extra check
-slows down the input process, and should only be selected if you do in
-fact have datafiles containing Fortran D or Q constants. The option can
-be disabled again using 'unset datafile fortran'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_datafile_nofpe_trap, Next:
set_datafile_missing, Prev: set_datafile_fortran, Up: datafile
-
-3.29.19.2 set datafile nofpe_trap
-.................................
-
-The 'set datafile nofpe_trap' command tells gnuplot not to re-initialize
-a floating point exception handler before every expression evaluation
-used while reading data from an input file. This can significantly
-speed data input from very large files at the risk of program
-termination if a floating-point exception is generated.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_datafile_missing, Next:
set_datafile_separator, Prev: set_datafile_nofpe_trap, Up: datafile
-
-3.29.19.3 set datafile missing
-..............................
-
-Syntax:
- set datafile missing "<string>"
- set datafile missing NaN
- show datafile missing
- unset datafile
-
-
- The 'set datafile missing' command tells 'gnuplot' there is a special
-string used in input data files to denote a missing data entry. There
-is no default character for 'missing'. Gnuplot makes a distinction
-between missing data and invalid data (e.g. "NaN", 1/0.). For example
-invalid data causes a gap in a line drawn through sequential data
-points; missing data does not.
-
- Non-numeric characters found in a numeric field will usually be
-interpreted as invalid rather than as a missing data point unless they
-happen to match the 'missing' string.
-
- Conversely 'set datafile missing NaN' causes all data or expressions
-evaluating to not-a-number (NaN) to be treated as missing data.
-
- Note: The treatment of missing or invalid data values in certain
-cases has changed in this version of gnuplot. The example below shows
-differences between gnuplot version 4 and version 5. Example:
- set style data linespoints
- plot '-' title "(a)"
- 1 10
- 2 20
- 3 ?
- 4 40
- 5 50
- e
- set datafile missing "?"
- plot '-' title "(b)"
- 1 10
- 2 20
- 3 ?
- 4 40
- 5 50
- e
- plot '-' using 1:2 title "(c)"
- 1 10
- 2 20
- 3 NaN
- 4 40
- 5 50
- e
- plot '-' using 1:($2) title "(d)"
- 1 10
- 2 20
- 3 NaN
- 4 40
- 5 50
- e
-
-
- Plot (a) differs in gnuplot 4 and gnuplot 5 because the third line
-contains only one valid number. Version 4 switched to a
-single-datum-on-a-line convention that the line number is "x" and the
-datum is "y", erroneously placing the point at(2,3).
-
- Both the old and new gnuplot versions handle the same data correctly
-if the '?' character is designated as a marker for missing data (b).
-
- Old gnuplot versions handled NaN differently depending of the form of
-the *note using:: clause, as shown in plots (c) and (d). Gnuplot now
-handles NaN the same whether the input column was specified as N or
-($N). See also the imageNaN demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/mgr.html) Similarly gnuplot now notices
-the missing value flag in column N whether the plot command specifies
-'using N' or 'using ($N)' or 'using (func($N))'. However if the
-"missing" value is encountered during evaluation of some more
-complicated expression, e.g. 'using (column(strcol(1))', it may
-evaluate to NaN and be treated as invalid data rather than as a missing
-data point. If you nevertheless want to treat this as missing data, use
-the command 'set datafile missing NaN'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_datafile_separator, Next:
set_datafile_commentschars, Prev: set_datafile_missing, Up: datafile
-
-3.29.19.4 set datafile separator
-................................
-
-The command 'set datafile separator' tells 'gnuplot' that data fields in
-subsequent input files are separated by a specific character rather than
-by whitespace. The most common use is to read in csv (comma-separated
-value) files written by spreadsheet or database programs. By default
-data fields are separated by whitespace.
-
- Syntax:
- set datafile separator {whitespace | tab | comma | "<chars>"}
-
-
- Examples:
- # Input file contains tab-separated fields
- set datafile separator "\t"
-
-
- # Input file contains comma-separated values fields
- set datafile separator comma
-
-
- # Input file contains fields separated by either * or |
- set datafile separator "*|"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_datafile_commentschars, Next:
set_datafile_binary, Prev: set_datafile_separator, Up: datafile
-
-3.29.19.5 set datafile commentschars
-....................................
-
-The command 'set datafile commentschars' specifies what characters can
-be used in a data file to begin comment lines. If the first non-blank
-character on a line is one of these characters then the rest of the data
-line is ignored. Default value of the string is "#!" on VMS and "#"
-otherwise.
-
- Syntax:
- set datafile commentschars {"<string>"}
- show datafile commentschars
- unset commentschars
-
-
- Then, the following line in a data file is completely ignored
- # 1 2 3 4
-
- but the following
- 1 # 3 4
-
- will be interpreted as garbage in the 2nd column followed by valid
-data in the 3rd and 4th columns.
-
- Example:
- set datafile commentschars "#!%"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_datafile_binary, Prev:
set_datafile_commentschars, Up: datafile
-
-3.29.19.6 set datafile binary
-.............................
-
-The *note binary:: command is used to set the defaults when reading
-binary data files. The syntax matches precisely that used for commands
-'plot' and 'splot'. See *note matrix:: and *note general:: for details
-about the keywords that can be present in <binary list>.
-
- Syntax:
- set datafile binary <binary list>
- show datafile binary
- show datafile
- unset datafile
-
-
- Examples:
- set datafile binary filetype=auto
- set datafile binary array=(512,512) format="%uchar"
-
-
- show datafile binary # list current settings
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: decimalsign, Next: dgrid3d, Prev: datafile, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.20 decimalsign
--------------------
-
-The *note decimalsign:: command selects a decimal sign for numbers
-printed into tic labels or 'set label' strings.
-
- Syntax:
- set decimalsign {<value> | locale {"<locale>"}}
- unset decimalsign
- show decimalsign
-
-
- The argument <value> is a string to be used in place of the usual
-decimal point. Typical choices include the period, '.', and the comma,
-',', but others may be useful, too. If you omit the <value> argument,
-the decimal separator is not modified from the usual default, which is a
-period. Unsetting decimalsign has the same effect as omitting <value>.
-
- Example:
-
- Correct typesetting in most European countries requires:
- set decimalsign ','
-
-
- Please note: If you set an explicit string, this affects only numbers
-that are printed using gnuplot's gprintf() formatting routine, including
-axis tics. It does not affect the format expected for input data, and
-it does not affect numbers printed with the sprintf() formatting
-routine. To change the behavior of both input and output formatting,
-instead use the form
-
- set decimalsign locale
-
-
- This instructs the program to use both input and output formats in
-accordance with the current setting of the LC_ALL, LC_NUMERIC, or LANG
-environmental variables.
-
- set decimalsign locale "foo"
-
-
- This instructs the program to format all input and output in
-accordance with locale "foo", which must be installed. If locale "foo"
-is not found then an error message is printed and the decimal sign
-setting is unchanged. On linux systems you can get a list of the
-locales installed on your machine by typing "locale -a". A typical
-linux locale string is of the form "sl_SI.UTF-8". A typical Windows
-locale string is of the form "Slovenian_Slovenia.1250" or "slovenian".
-Please note that interpretation of the locale settings is done by the C
-library at runtime. Older C libraries may offer only partial support
-for locale settings such as the thousands grouping separator character.
-
- set decimalsign locale; set decimalsign "."
-
-
- This sets all input and output to use whatever decimal sign is
-correct for the current locale, but over-rides this with an explicit '.'
-in numbers formatted using gnuplot's internal gprintf() function.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dgrid3d, Next: dummy, Prev: decimalsign, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.21 dgrid3d
----------------
-
-The *note dgrid3d:: command enables, and can set parameters for,
-non-grid to grid data mapping. See 'splot grid_data' for more details
-about the grid data structure.
-
- Syntax:
- set dgrid3d {<rows>} {,{<cols>}}
- { splines |
- qnorm {<norm>} |
- (gauss | cauchy | exp | box | hann)
- {kdensity} {<dx>} {,<dy>} }
- unset dgrid3d
- show dgrid3d
-
-
- By default *note dgrid3d:: is disabled. When enabled, 3D data read
-from a file are always treated as a scattered data set. A grid with
-dimensions derived from a bounding box of the scattered data and size as
-specified by the row/col_size parameters is created for plotting and
-contouring. The grid is equally spaced in x (rows) and in y (columns);
-the z values are computed as weighted averages or spline interpolations
-of the scattered points' z values. In other words, a regularly spaced
-grid is created and the a smooth approximation to the raw data is
-evaluated for all grid points. This approximation is plotted in place
-of the raw data.
-
- The number of columns defaults to the number of rows, which defaults
-to 10.
-
- Several algorithms are available to calculate the approximation from
-the raw data. Some of these algorithms can take additional parameters.
-These interpolations are such the closer the data point is to a grid
-point, the more effect it has on that grid point.
-
- The 'splines' algorithm calculates an interpolation based on "thin
-plate splines". It does not take additional parameters.
-
- The 'qnorm' algorithm calculates a weighted average of the input data
-at each grid point. Each data point is weighted inversely by its
-distance from the grid point raised to the norm power. (Actually, the
-weights are given by the inverse of dx^norm + dy^norm, where dx and dy
-are the components of the separation of the grid point from each data
-point. For some norms that are powers of two, specifically 4, 8, and
-16, the computation is optimized by using the Euclidean distance in the
-weight calculation, (dx^2+dy^2)^norm/2. However, any non-negative
-integer can be used.) The power of the norm can be specified as a
-single optional parameter. This algorithm is the default.
-
- Finally, several smoothing kernels are available to calculate
-weighted averages: z = Sum_i w(d_i) * z_i / Sum_i w(d_i), where z_i is
-the value of the i-th data point and d_i is the distance between the
-current grid point and the location of the i-th data point. All kernels
-assign higher weights to data points that are close to the current grid
-point and lower weights to data points further away.
-
- The following kernels are available:
- gauss : w(d) = exp(-d*d)
- cauchy : w(d) = 1/(1 + d*d)
- exp : w(d) = exp(-d)
- box : w(d) = 1 if d<1
- = 0 otherwise
- hann : w(d) = 0.5*(1-cos(2*pi*d)) if d<1
- w(d) = 0 otherwise
-
-
- When using one of these five smoothing kernels, up to two additional
-numerical parameters can be specified: dx and dy. These are used to
-rescale the coordinate differences when calculating the distance: d_i =
-sqrt( ((x-x_i)/dx)**2 + ((y-y_i)/dy)**2 ), where x,y are the coordinates
-of the current grid point and x_i,y_i are the coordinates of the i-th
-data point. The value of dy defaults to the value of dx, which defaults
-to 1. The parameters dx and dy make it possible to control the radius
-over which data points contribute to a grid point IN THE UNITS OF THE
-DATA ITSELF.
-
- The optional keyword 'kdensity', which must come after the name of
-the kernel, but before the (optional) scale parameters, modifies the
-algorithm so that the values calculated for the grid points are not
-divided by the sum of the weights ( z = Sum_i w(d_i) * z_i ). If all
-z_i are constant, this effectively plots a bivariate kernel density
-estimate: a kernel function (one of the five defined above) is placed at
-each data point, the sum of these kernels is evaluated at every grid
-point, and this smooth surface is plotted instead of the original data.
-This is similar in principle to + what the 'smooth kdensity' option does
-to 1D datasets. (See kdensity2d.dem for usage demo)
-
- A slightly different syntax is also supported for reasons of
-backwards compatibility. If no interpolation algorithm has been
-explicitly selected, the 'qnorm' algorithm is assumed. Up to three
-comma-separated, optional parameters can be specified, which are
-interpreted as the the number of rows, the number of columns, and the
-norm value, respectively.
-
- The *note dgrid3d:: option is a simple scheme which replaces
-scattered data with weighted averages on a regular grid. More
-sophisticated approaches to this problem exist and should be used to
-preprocess the data outside 'gnuplot' if this simple solution is found
-inadequate.
-
- See also dgrid3d.dem: dgrid3d demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/dgrid3d.html) and scatter.dem: dgrid3d
-demo. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/scatter.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dummy, Next: encoding, Prev: dgrid3d, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.22 dummy
--------------
-
-The *note dummy:: command changes the default dummy variable names.
-
- Syntax:
- set dummy {<dummy-var>} {,<dummy-var>}
- show dummy
-
-
- By default, 'gnuplot' assumes that the independent, or "dummy",
-variable for the 'plot' command is "t" if in parametric or polar mode,
-or "x" otherwise. Similarly the independent variables for the 'splot'
-command are "u" and "v" in parametric mode ('splot' cannot be used in
-polar mode), or "x" and "y" otherwise.
-
- It may be more convenient to call a dummy variable by a more
-physically meaningful or conventional name. For example, when plotting
-time functions:
-
- set dummy t
- plot sin(t), cos(t)
-
-
- Examples:
- set dummy u,v
- set dummy ,s
-
-
- The second example sets the second variable to s. To reset the dummy
-variable names to their default values, use
-
- unset dummy
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: encoding, Next: errorbars_, Prev: dummy, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.23 encoding
-----------------
-
-The *note encoding:: command selects a character encoding.
-
- Syntax:
- set encoding {<value>}
- set encoding locale
- show encoding
-
-
- Valid values are
- default - tells a terminal to use its default encoding
- iso_8859_1 - the most common Western European encoding prior to UTF-8.
- Known in the PostScript world as 'ISO-Latin1'.
- iso_8859_15 - a variant of iso_8859_1 that includes the Euro symbol
- iso_8859_2 - used in Central and Eastern Europe
- iso_8859_9 - used in Turkey (also known as Latin5)
- koi8r - popular Unix cyrillic encoding
- koi8u - Ukrainian Unix cyrillic encoding
- cp437 - codepage for MS-DOS
- cp850 - codepage for OS/2, Western Europe
- cp852 - codepage for OS/2, Central and Eastern Europe
- cp950 - MS version of Big5 (emf terminal only)
- cp1250 - codepage for MS Windows, Central and Eastern Europe
- cp1251 - codepage for 8-bit Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian,
Macedonian
- cp1252 - codepage for MS Windows, Western Europe
- cp1254 - codepage for MS Windows, Turkish (superset of Latin5)
- sjis - shift-JIS Japanese encoding
- utf8 - variable-length (multibyte) representation of Unicode
- entry point for each character
-
-
- The command *note locale:: is different from the other options. It
-attempts to determine the current locale from the runtime environment.
-On most systems this is controlled by the environmental variables
-LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG. This mechanism is necessary, for example, to
-pass multibyte character encodings such as UTF-8 or EUC_JP to the wxt
-and cairopdf terminals. This command does not affect the
-locale-specific representation of dates or numbers. See also *note
-locale:: and *note decimalsign::.
-
- Generally you must set the encoding before setting the terminal type,
-as it may affect the choice of appropriate fonts.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: errorbars_, Next: fit_, Prev: encoding, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.24 errorbars
------------------
-
-The *note errorbars:: command controls the tics at the ends of error
-bars, and also at the end of the whiskers belonging to a boxplot.
-
- Syntax:
- set errorbars {small | large | fullwidth | <size>} {front | back}
- {line-properties}
- unset errorbars
- show errorbars
-
-
- 'small' is a synonym for 0.0 (no crossbar), and 'large' for 1.0. The
-default is 1.0 if no size is given.
-
- The keyword 'fullwidth' is relevant only to boxplots and to
-histograms with errorbars. It sets the width of the errorbar ends to be
-the same as the width of the associated box. It does not change the
-width of the box itself.
-
- The 'front' and 'back' keywords are relevant only to errorbars
-attached to filled rectangles (boxes, candlesticks, histograms).
-
- Error bars are by default drawn using the same line properties as the
-border of the associated box. You can change this by providing a
-separate set of line properties for the error bars.
-
- set errorbars linecolor black linewidth 0.5 dashtype '.'
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fit_, Next: fontpath, Prev: errorbars_, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.25 fit
------------
-
-The *note fit:: command controls the options for the *note fit::
-command.
-
- Syntax:
- set fit {nolog | logfile {"<filename>"|default}}
- {{no}quiet|results|brief|verbose}
- {{no}errorvariables}
- {{no}covariancevariables}
- {{no}errorscaling}
- {{no}prescale}
- {maxiter <value>|default}
- {limit <epsilon>|default}
- {limit_abs <epsilon_abs>}
- {start-lambda <value>|default}
- {lambda-factor <value>|default}
- {script {"<command>"|default}}
- {v4 | v5}
- unset fit
- show fit
-
-
- The 'logfile' option defines where the *note fit:: command writes its
-output. The <filename> argument must be enclosed in single or double
-quotes. If no filename is given or *note fit:: is used the log file is
-reset to its default value "fit.log" or the value of the environmental
-variable 'FIT_LOG'. If the given logfile name ends with a / or \, it is
-interpreted to be a directory name, and the actual filename will be
-"fit.log" in that directory.
-
- By default the information written to the log file is also echoed to
-the terminal session. 'set fit quiet' turns off the echo, whereas
-'results' prints only final results. 'brief' gives one line summaries
-for every iteration of the fit in addition. 'verbose' yields detailed
-iteration reports as it was the default before version 5.
-
- If the 'errorvariables' option is turned on, the error of each fitted
-parameter computed by *note fit:: will be copied to a user-defined
-variable whose name is formed by appending "_err" to the name of the
-parameter itself. This is useful mainly to put the parameter and its
-error onto a plot of the data and the fitted function, for reference, as
-in:
-
- set fit errorvariables
- fit f(x) 'datafile' using 1:2 via a, b
- print "error of a is:", a_err
- set label 1 sprintf("a=%6.2f +/- %6.2f", a, a_err)
- plot 'datafile' using 1:2, f(x)
-
-
- If the 'errorscaling' option is specified, which is the default, the
-calculated parameter errors are scaled with the reduced chi square.
-This is equivalent to providing data errors equal to the calculated
-standard deviation of the fit (FIT_STDFIT) resulting in a reduced chi
-square of one. With the 'noerrorscaling' option the estimated errors
-are the unscaled standard deviations of the fit parameters. If no
-weights are specified for the data, parameter errors are always scaled.
-
- If the 'prescale' option is turned on, parameters are prescaled by
-their initial values before being passed to the Marquardt-Levenberg
-routine. This helps tremendously if there are parameters that differ in
-size by many orders of magnitude. Fit parameters with an initial value
-of exactly zero are never prescaled.
-
- The maximum number of iterations may be limited with the 'maxiter'
-option. A value of 0 or 'default' means that there is no limit.
-
- The 'limit' option can be used to change the default epsilon limit
-(1e-5) to detect convergence. When the sum of squared residuals changes
-by a factor less than this number (epsilon), the fit is considered to
-have 'converged'. The 'limit_abs' option imposes an additional absolute
-limit in the change of the sum of squared residuals and defaults to
-zero.
-
- If you need even more control about the algorithm, and know the
-Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm well, the following options can be used to
-influence it. The startup value of 'lambda' is normally calculated
-automatically from the ML-matrix, but if you want to, you may provide
-your own using the 'start_lambda' option. Setting it to 'default' will
-re-enable the automatic selection. The option 'lambda_factor' sets the
-factor by which 'lambda' is increased or decreased whenever the
-chi-squared target function increased or decreased significantly.
-Setting it to 'default' re-enables the default factor of 10.0.
-
- The 'script' option may be used to specify a 'gnuplot' command to be
-executed when a fit is interrupted--see *note fit::. This setting takes
-precedence over the default of *note replot:: and the environment
-variable 'FIT_SCRIPT'.
-
- If the 'covariancevariables' option is turned on, the covariances
-between final parameters will be saved to user-defined variables. The
-variable name for a certain parameter combination is formed by
-prepending "FIT_COV_" to the name of the first parameter and combining
-the two parameter names by "_". For example given the parameters "a"
-and "b" the covariance variable is named "FIT_COV_a_b".
-
- In version 5 the syntax of the fit command changed and it now
-defaults to unitweights if no 'error' keyword is given. The 'v4' option
-restores the default behavior of gnuplot version 4, see also *note
-fit::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fontpath, Next: format_, Prev: fit_, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.26 fontpath
-----------------
-
-The *note fontpath:: setting defines additional locations for font files
-searched when including font files. Currently only the postscript
-terminal supports *note fontpath::. If a file cannot be found in the
-current directory, the directories in *note fontpath:: are tried.
-Further documentation concerning the supported file formats is included
-in the 'terminal postscript' section of the documentation.
-
- Syntax:
- set fontpath {"pathlist1" {"pathlist2"...}}
- show fontpath
-
-
- Path names may be entered as single directory names, or as a list of
-path names separated by a platform-specific path separator, eg. colon
-(':') on Unix, semicolon (';') on DOS/Windows/OS/2 platforms. The *note
-fontpath::, *note save:: and 'save set' commands replace the
-platform-specific separator with a space character (' ') for maximum
-portability. If a directory name ends with an exclamation mark ('!')
-also the subdirectories of this directory are searched for font files.
-
- If the environmental variable GNUPLOT_FONTPATH is set, its contents
-are appended to *note fontpath::. If it is not set, a system dependent
-default value is used. It is set by testing several directories for
-existence when using the fontpath the first time. Thus, the first call
-of *note fontpath::, *note fontpath::, *note fontpath::, 'plot', or
-'splot' with embedded font files takes a little more time. If you want
-to save this time you may set the environmental variable
-GNUPLOT_FONTPATH since probing is switched off, then. You can find out
-which is the default fontpath by using *note fontpath::.
-
- *note fontpath:: prints the contents of the user-defined fontpath and
-the system fontpath separately. However, the *note save:: and 'save
-set' commands save only the user-specified parts of *note fontpath::.
-
- For terminal drivers that access fonts by filename via the gd
-library, the font search path is controlled by the environmental
-variable GDFONTPATH.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: format_, Next: function_style, Prev: fontpath,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.27 format
---------------
-
-The format of the tic-mark labels can be set with the 'set format'
-command or with the 'set tics format' or individual 'set {axis}tics
-format' commands.
-
- Syntax:
- set format {<axes>} {"<format-string>"}
{numeric|timedate|geographic}
- show format
-
-
- where <axes> is either 'x', 'y', 'xy', 'x2', 'y2', 'z', 'cb' or
-nothing (which applies the format to all axes). The following two
-commands are equivalent:
- set format y "%.2f"
- set ytics format "%.2f"
-
-
- The length of the string is restricted to 100 characters. The
-default format is "% h", "$%h$" for LaTeX terminals. Other formats such
-as "%.2f" or "%3.0em" are often desirable. "set format" with no
-following string will restore the default.
-
- If the empty string "" is given, tics will have no labels, although
-the tic mark will still be plotted. To eliminate the tic marks, use
-'unset xtics' or 'set tics scale 0'.
-
- Newline (\n) and enhanced text markup is accepted in the format
-string. Use double-quotes rather than single-quotes in this case. See
-also 'syntax'. Characters not preceded by "%" are printed verbatim.
-Thus you can include spaces and labels in your format string, such as
-"%g m", which will put " m" after each number. If you want "%" itself,
-double it: "%g %%".
-
- See also 'set xtics' for more information about tic labels, and *note
-decimalsign:: for how to use non-default decimal separators in numbers
-printed this way. See also electron demo (electron.dem).
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/electron.html)
-
-* Menu:
-
-* gprintf_::
-* format_specifiers::
-* time/date_specifiers::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gprintf_, Next: format_specifiers, Prev: format_,
Up: format_
-
-3.29.27.1 gprintf
-.................
-
-The string function gprintf("format",x) uses gnuplot's own format
-specifiers, as do the gnuplot commands 'set format', *note timestamp::,
-and others. These format specifiers are not the same as those used by
-the standard C-language routine sprintf(). gprintf() accepts only a
-single variable to be formatted. Gnuplot also provides an
-sprintf("format",x1,x2,...) routine if you prefer. For a list of
-gnuplot's format options, see 'format specifiers'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: format_specifiers, Next: time/date_specifiers,
Prev: gprintf_, Up: format_
-
-3.29.27.2 format specifiers
-...........................
-
-The acceptable formats (if not in time/date mode) are:
-
- Format Explanation
- %f floating point notation
- %e or %E exponential notation; an "e" or "E" before the power
- %g or %G the shorter of %e (or %E) and %f
- %h or %H like %g with "x10^{%S}" or "*10^{%S}" instead of "e%S"
- %x or %X hex
- %o or %O octal
- %t mantissa to base 10
- %l mantissa to base of current logscale
- %s mantissa to base of current logscale; scientific power
- %T power to base 10
- %L power to base of current logscale
- %S scientific power
- %c character replacement for scientific power
- %b mantissa of ISO/IEC 80000 notation (ki, Mi, Gi, Ti,
Pi, Ei, Zi, Yi)
- %B prefix of ISO/IEC 80000 notation (ki, Mi, Gi, Ti, Pi,
Ei, Zi, Yi)
- %P multiple of pi
-
-
- A 'scientific' power is one such that the exponent is a multiple of
-three. Character replacement of scientific powers ('"%c"') has been
-implemented for powers in the range -18 to +18. For numbers outside of
-this range the format reverts to exponential.
-
- Other acceptable modifiers (which come after the "%" but before the
-format specifier) are "-", which left-justifies the number; "+", which
-forces all numbers to be explicitly signed; " " (a space), which makes
-positive numbers have a space in front of them where negative numbers
-have "-"; "#", which places a decimal point after floats that have only
-zeroes following the decimal point; a positive integer, which defines
-the field width; "0" (the digit, not the letter) immediately preceding
-the field width, which indicates that leading zeroes are to be used
-instead of leading blanks; and a decimal point followed by a
-non-negative integer, which defines the precision (the minimum number of
-digits of an integer, or the number of digits following the decimal
-point of a float).
-
- Some systems may not support all of these modifiers but may also
-support others; in case of doubt, check the appropriate documentation
-and then experiment.
-
- Examples:
- set format y "%t"; set ytics (5,10) # "5.0" and "1.0"
- set format y "%s"; set ytics (500,1000) # "500" and "1.0"
- set format y "%+-12.3f"; set ytics(12345) # "+12345.000 "
- set format y "%.2t*10^%+03T"; set ytic(12345)# "1.23*10^+04"
- set format y "%s*10^{%S}"; set ytic(12345) # "12.345*10^{3}"
- set format y "%s %cg"; set ytic(12345) # "12.345 kg"
- set format y "%.0P pi"; set ytic(6.283185) # "2 pi"
- set format y "%.0f%%"; set ytic(50) # "50%"
-
-
- set log y 2; set format y '%l'; set ytics (1,2,3)
- #displays "1.0", "1.0" and "1.5" (since 3 is 1.5 * 2^1)
-
-
- There are some problem cases that arise when numbers like 9.999 are
-printed with a format that requires both rounding and a power.
-
- If the data type for the axis is time/date, the format string must
-contain valid codes for the 'strftime' function (outside of 'gnuplot',
-type "man strftime"). See *note timefmt:: for a list of the allowed
-input format codes.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: time/date_specifiers, Prev: format_specifiers,
Up: format_
-
-3.29.27.3 time/date specifiers
-..............................
-
-In time/date mode, the acceptable formats are:
-
- Format Explanation
- %a short name of day of the week (ignored on input)
- %A full name of day of the week (ignored on input)
- %b or %h abbreviated name of the month
- %B full name of the month
- %d day of the month, 01--31
- %D shorthand for "%m/%d/%y" (only output)
- %F shorthand for "%Y-%m-%d" (only output)
- %k hour, 0--23 (one or two digits)
- %H hour, 00--23 (always two digits)
- %l hour, 1--12 (one or two digits)
- %I hour, 01--12 (always two digits)
- %j day of the year, 001--366
- %m month, 01--12
- %M minute, 00--60
- %p "am" or "pm"
- %r shorthand for "%I:%M:%S %p" (only output)
- %R shorthand for "%H:%M" (only output)
- %s number of seconds since the start of year 1970
- %S second, integer 00--60 on output, (double) on input
- %T shorthand for "%H:%M:%S" (only output)
- %U week of the year (week starts on Sunday)
- %w day of the week, 0--6 (Sunday = 0) (ignored on input)
- %W week of the year (week starts on Monday) (ignored on
input)
- %y year, 0-68 for 2000-2068, 69-99 for 1969-1999
- %Y year, 4-digit
-
-
- Numerical formats may be preceded by a "0" ("zero") to pad the field
-with leading zeroes, and preceded by a positive digit to define the
-minimum field width. The %S, and %t formats also accept a precision
-specifier so that fractional hours/minutes/seconds can be written.
-
- Format Explanation
- %tH +/- hours relative to time=0 (does not wrap at 24)
- %tM +/- minutes relative to time=0
- %tS +/- seconds associated with previous tH or tM field
-
-
--- EXAMPLES --
-
- Examples of date format:
-
- Suppose the x value in seconds corresponds a time slightly before
-midnight on 25 Dec 1976. The text printed for a tic label at this
-position would be
-
- set format x # defaults to "12/25/76 \n 23:11"
- set format x "%A, %d %b %Y" # "Saturday, 25 Dec 1976"
- set format x "%r %D" # "11:11:11 pm 12/25/76"
-
-
- Examples of time format:
-
- The date format specifiers encode a time in seconds as a clock time
-on a particular day. So hours run only from 0-23, minutes from 0-59,
-and negative values correspond to dates prior to the epoch (1-Jan-1970).
-In order to report a time value in seconds as some number of
-hours/minutes/seconds relative to a time 0, use time formats %tH %tM
-%tS. To report a value of -3672.50 seconds
-
- set format x # default date format "12/31/69 \n
22:58"
- set format x "%tH:%tM:%tS" # "-01:01:12"
- set format x "%.2tH hours" # "-1.02 hours"
- set format x "%tM:%.2tS" # "-61:12.50"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: function_style, Next: functions_, Prev: format_,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.28 function style
-----------------------
-
-This form of the command is deprecated. Please see 'set style
-function'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: functions_, Next: grid, Prev: function_style,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.29 functions
------------------
-
-The *note functions:: command lists all user-defined functions and their
-definitions.
-
- Syntax:
- show functions
-
-
- For information about the definition and usage of functions in
-'gnuplot', please see 'expressions'. See also splines as user defined
-functions (spline.dem) (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/spline.html) and
-use of functions and complex variables for airfoils (airfoil.dem).
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/airfoil.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: grid, Next: hidden3d, Prev: functions_, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.30 grid
-------------
-
-The 'set grid' command allows grid lines to be drawn on the plot.
-
- Syntax:
- set grid {{no}{m}xtics} {{no}{m}ytics} {{no}{m}ztics}
- {{no}{m}x2tics} {{no}{m}y2tics} {{no}{m}rtics}
- {{no}{m}cbtics}
- {polar {<angle>}}
- {layerdefault | front | back}
- {{no}vertical}
- {<line-properties-major> {, <line-properties-minor>}}
- unset grid
- show grid
-
-
- The grid can be enabled and disabled for the major and/or minor tic
-marks on any axis, and the linetype and linewidth can be specified for
-major and minor grid lines, also via a predefined linestyle, as far as
-the active terminal driver supports this (see 'set style line').
-
- A polar grid can be drawn for 2D plots. This is the default action
-of 'set grid' if the program is already in polar mode, but can be
-enabled explicitly by *note rtics:: whether or not the program is in
-polar mode. Circles are drawn to intersect major and/or minor tics
-along the r axis, and radial lines are drawn with a spacing of <angle>.
-Tic marks around the perimeter are controlled by *note ttics::, but
-these do not produce radial grid lines.
-
- The pertinent tics must be enabled before 'set grid' can draw them;
-'gnuplot' will quietly ignore instructions to draw grid lines at
-non-existent tics, but they will appear if the tics are subsequently
-enabled.
-
- If no linetype is specified for the minor gridlines, the same
-linetype as the major gridlines is used. The default polar angle is 30
-degrees.
-
- If 'front' is given, the grid is drawn on top of the graphed data.
-If 'back' is given, the grid is drawn underneath the graphed data.
-Using 'front' will prevent the grid from being obscured by dense data.
-The default setup, 'layerdefault', is equivalent to 'back' for 2D plots.
-In 3D plots the default is to split up the grid and the graph box into
-two layers: one behind, the other in front of the plotted data and
-functions. Since *note hidden3d:: mode does its own sorting, it ignores
-all grid drawing order options and passes the grid lines through the
-hidden line removal machinery instead. These options actually affect
-not only the grid, but also the lines output by *note border:: and the
-various ticmarks (see 'set xtics').
-
- In 3D plots grid lines at x- and y- axis tic positions are by default
-drawn only on the base plane parallel to z=0. The 'vertical' keyword
-activates drawing grid lines in the xz and yz planes also, running from
-zmin to zmax.
-
- Z grid lines are drawn on the bottom of the plot. This looks better
-if a partial box is drawn around the plot--see *note border::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hidden3d, Next: historysize, Prev: grid, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.31 hidden3d
-----------------
-
-The *note hidden3d:: command enables hidden line removal for surface
-plotting (see 'splot'). Some optional features of the underlying
-algorithm can also be controlled using this command.
-
- Syntax:
- set hidden3d {defaults} |
- { {front|back}
- {{offset <offset>} | {nooffset}}
- {trianglepattern <bitpattern>}
- {{undefined <level>} | {noundefined}}
- {{no}altdiagonal}
- {{no}bentover} }
- unset hidden3d
- show hidden3d
-
-
- In contrast to the usual display in gnuplot, hidden line removal
-actually treats the given function or data grids as real surfaces that
-can't be seen through, so plot elements behind the surface will be
-hidden by it. For this to work, the surface needs to have 'grid
-structure' (see *note datafile:: about this), and it has to be drawn
-'with lines' or *note linespoints::.
-
- When *note hidden3d:: is set, both the hidden portion of the surface
-and possibly its contours drawn on the base (see *note contour::) as
-well as the grid will be hidden. Each surface has its hidden parts
-removed with respect to itself and to other surfaces, if more than one
-surface is plotted. Contours drawn on the surface (*note surface::)
-don't work.
-
- As of gnuplot version 4.6, hidden3d also affects 3D plotting styles
-'points', *note labels::, *note vectors::, and *note impulses:: even if
-no surface is present in the graph. Unobscured portions of each vector
-are drawn as line segments (no arrowheads). Individual plots within the
-graph may be explicitly excluded from this processing by appending the
-extra option 'nohidden3d' to the *note with:: specifier.
-
- Hidden3d does not affect solid surfaces drawn using the pm3d mode.
-To achieve a similar effect purely for pm3d surfaces, use instead 'set
-pm3d depthorder'. To mix pm3d surfaces with normal *note hidden3d::
-processing, use the option 'set hidden3d front' to force all elements
-included in hidden3d processing to be drawn after any remaining plot
-elements, including the pm3d surface.
-
- Functions are evaluated at isoline intersections. The algorithm
-interpolates linearly between function points or data points when
-determining the visible line segments. This means that the appearance
-of a function may be different when plotted with *note hidden3d:: than
-when plotted with 'nohidden3d' because in the latter case functions are
-evaluated at each sample. Please see *note samples:: and *note
-isosamples:: for discussion of the difference.
-
- The algorithm used to remove the hidden parts of the surfaces has
-some additional features controllable by this command. Specifying
-'defaults' will set them all to their default settings, as detailed
-below. If 'defaults' is not given, only explicitly specified options
-will be influenced: all others will keep their previous values, so you
-can turn on/off hidden line removal via 'set {no}hidden3d', without
-modifying the set of options you chose.
-
- The first option, 'offset', influences the linetype used for lines on
-the 'back' side. Normally, they are drawn in a linetype one index
-number higher than the one used for the front, to make the two sides of
-the surface distinguishable. You can specify a different linetype
-offset to add instead of the default 1, by 'offset <offset>'. Option
-'nooffset' stands for 'offset 0', making the two sides of the surface
-use the same linetype.
-
- Next comes the option 'trianglepattern <bitpattern>'. <bitpattern>
-must be a number between 0 and 7, interpreted as a bit pattern. Each
-bit determines the visibility of one edge of the triangles each surface
-is split up into. Bit 0 is for the 'horizontal' edges of the grid, Bit
-1 for the 'vertical' ones, and Bit 2 for the diagonals that split each
-cell of the original grid into two triangles. The default pattern is 3,
-making all horizontal and vertical lines visible, but not the diagonals.
-You may want to choose 7 to see those diagonals as well.
-
- The 'undefined <level>' option lets you decide what the algorithm is
-to do with data points that are undefined (missing data, or undefined
-function values), or exceed the given x-, y- or z-ranges. Such points
-can either be plotted nevertheless, or taken out of the input data set.
-All surface elements touching a point that is taken out will be taken
-out as well, thus creating a hole in the surface. If <level> = 3,
-equivalent to option 'noundefined', no points will be thrown away at
-all. This may produce all kinds of problems elsewhere, so you should
-avoid this. <level> = 2 will throw away undefined points, but keep the
-out-of-range ones. <level> = 1, the default, will get rid of
-out-of-range points as well.
-
- By specifying 'noaltdiagonal', you can override the default handling
-of a special case can occur if 'undefined' is active (i.e. <level> is
-not 3). Each cell of the grid-structured input surface will be divided
-in two triangles along one of its diagonals. Normally, all these
-diagonals have the same orientation relative to the grid. If exactly
-one of the four cell corners is excluded by the 'undefined' handler, and
-this is on the usual diagonal, both triangles will be excluded. However
-if the default setting of 'altdiagonal' is active, the other diagonal
-will be chosen for this cell instead, minimizing the size of the hole in
-the surface.
-
- The 'bentover' option controls what happens to another special case,
-this time in conjunction with the 'trianglepattern'. For rather crumply
-surfaces, it can happen that the two triangles a surface cell is divided
-into are seen from opposite sides (i.e. the original quadrangle is
-'bent over'), as illustrated in the following ASCII art:
-
- C----B
- original quadrangle: A--B displayed quadrangle: |\ |
- ("set view 0,0") | /| ("set view 75,75" perhaps) | \ |
- |/ | | \ |
- C--D | \|
- A D
-
-
- If the diagonal edges of the surface cells aren't generally made
-visible by bit 2 of the <bitpattern> there, the edge CB above wouldn't
-be drawn at all, normally, making the resulting display hard to
-understand. Therefore, the default option of 'bentover' will turn it
-visible in this case. If you don't want that, you may choose
-'nobentover' instead. See also hidden line removal demo (hidden.dem)
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/hidden.html) and complex hidden line demo
-(singulr.dem). (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/singulr.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: historysize, Next: history_, Prev: hidden3d, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.32 historysize
--------------------
-
-(Deprecated). 'set historysize N' is equivalent to 'set history size
-N'. *note historysize:: is equivalent to 'set history size -1'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: history_, Next: isosamples, Prev: historysize,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.33 history
----------------
-
-Syntax:
- set history {size <N>} {quiet|numbers} {full|trim} {default}
-
-
- When leaving gnuplot the value of history size limits the number of
-lines saved to the history file. 'set history size -1' allows an
-unlimited number of lines to be written to the history file.
-
- By default the 'history' command prints a line number in front of
-each command. 'history quiet' suppresses the number for this command
-only. 'set history quiet' suppresses numbers for all future 'history'
-commands.
-
- The 'trim' option reduces the number of duplicate lines in the
-history list by removing earlier instances of the current command. This
-was the default behavior prior to gnuplot version 5.
-
- Default settings: 'set history size 500 numbers trim'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: isosamples, Next: jitter, Prev: history_, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.34 isosamples
-------------------
-
-The isoline density (grid) for plotting functions as surfaces may be
-changed by the *note isosamples:: command.
-
- Syntax:
- set isosamples <iso_1> {,<iso_2>}
- show isosamples
-
-
- Each function surface plot will have <iso_1> iso-u lines and <iso_2>
-iso-v lines. If you only specify <iso_1>, <iso_2> will be set to the
-same value as <iso_1>. By default, sampling is set to 10 isolines per u
-or v axis. A higher sampling rate will produce more accurate plots, but
-will take longer. These parameters have no effect on data file
-plotting.
-
- An isoline is a curve parameterized by one of the surface parameters
-while the other surface parameter is fixed. Isolines provide a simple
-means to display a surface. By fixing the u parameter of surface
-s(u,v), the iso-u lines of the form c(v) = s(u0,v) are produced, and by
-fixing the v parameter, the iso-v lines of the form c(u) = s(u,v0) are
-produced.
-
- When a function surface plot is being done without the removal of
-hidden lines, *note samples:: controls the number of points sampled
-along each isoline; see *note samples:: and *note hidden3d::. The
-contour algorithm assumes that a function sample occurs at each isoline
-intersection, so change in *note samples:: as well as *note isosamples::
-may be desired when changing the resolution of a function
-surface/contour.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: jitter, Next: key, Prev: isosamples, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.35 jitter
---------------
-
-Syntax:
- set jitter {overlap <yposition>} {spread <factor>} {wrap <limit>}
- {swarm|square|vertical}
-
- Examples:
- set jitter # jitter points within 1 character
width
- set jitter overlap 1.5 # jitter points within 1.5 character
width
- set jitter over 1.5 spread 0.5 # same but half the displacement on
x
-
-
- When one or both coordinates of a data set are restricted to discrete
-values then many points may lie exactly on top of each other. Jittering
-introduces an offset to the coordinates of these superimposed points
-that spreads them into a cluster. The threshold value for treating the
-points as being overlapped may be specified in character widths or any
-of the usual coordinate options. See 'coordinates'. Jitter affects
-only 2D plot styles 'with points' and *note impulses::.
-
- The default jittering operation displaces points only along x. This
-produces a distinctive pattern sometimes called a "bee swarm plot". The
-optional keyword 'square' adjusts the y coordinate of displaced points
-in addition to their x coordinate so that the points lie in distinct
-layers separated by at least the 'overlap' distance.
-
- To jitter along y (only) rather than along x, use keyword 'vertical'.
-
- The maximum displacement (in character units) can be limited using
-the 'wrap' keyword.
-
- Note that both the overlap criterion and the magnitude of jitter
-default to one character unit. Thus the plot appearance will change
-with the terminal font size, canvas size, or zoom factor. To avoid this
-you can specify the overlap criterion in the y axis coordinate system
-(the 'first' keyword) and adjust the point size and spread multiplier as
-appropriate. See 'coordinates', *note pointsize::, *note jitter::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: key, Next: label, Prev: jitter, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.36 key
------------
-
-The 'set key' command enables a key (or legend) containing a title and a
-sample (line, point, box) for each plot in the graph. The key may be
-turned off by requesting 'set key off' or 'unset key'. Individual key
-entries may be turned off by using the 'notitle' keyword in the
-corresponding plot command. The text of the titles is controlled by the
-'set key autotitle' option or by the *note title:: keyword of individual
-'plot' and 'splot' commands. See *note title:: for more information.
-
- Syntax:
- set key {on|off} {default}
- {{inside | outside | fixed} | {lmargin | rmargin | tmargin |
bmargin}
- | {at <position>}}
- {left | right | center} {top | bottom | center}
- {vertical | horizontal} {Left | Right}
- {{no}enhanced}
- {{no}opaque}
- {{no}reverse} {{no}invert}
- {samplen <sample_length>} {spacing <line_spacing>}
- {width <width_increment>} {height <height_increment>}
- {{no}autotitle {columnheader}}
- {title {"<text>"} {{no}enhanced} {center | left | right}}
- {font "<face>,<size>"} {textcolor <colorspec>}
- {{no}box {linestyle <style> | linetype <type> | linewidth
<width>}}
- {maxcols {<max no. of columns> | auto}}
- {maxrows {<max no. of rows> | auto}}
- unset key
- show key
-
-
- Elements within the key are stacked according to 'vertical' or
-'horizontal'. In the case of 'vertical', the key occupies as few
-columns as possible. That is, elements are aligned in a column until
-running out of vertical space at which point a new column is started.
-The vertical space may be limited using 'maxrows'. In the case of
-'horizontal', the key occupies as few rows as possible. The horizontal
-space may be limited using 'maxcols'.
-
- By default the key is placed in the upper right inside corner of the
-graph. The keywords 'left', 'right', 'top', 'bottom', 'center',
-'inside', 'outside', *note lmargin::, *note rmargin::, *note tmargin::,
-*note bmargin:: (, 'above', 'over', 'below' and 'under') may be used to
-automatically place the key in other positions of the graph. Also an
-'at <position>' may be given to indicate precisely where the plot should
-be placed. In this case, the keywords 'left', 'right', 'top', 'bottom'
-and 'center' serve an analogous purpose for alignment. For more
-information, see 'key placement'.
-
- Justification of the plot titles within the key is controlled by
-'Left' or 'Right' (default). The text and sample can be reversed
-('reverse') and a box can be drawn around the key ('box {...}') in a
-specified 'linetype' and 'linewidth', or a user-defined 'linestyle'.
-
- The text in the key is set in 'enhanced' mode by default, this can be
-changed with the '{no}enhanced' option, also independently for the key
-title only and for each individual plot.
-
- By default the key is built up one plot at a time. That is, the key
-symbol and title are drawn at the same time as the corresponding plot.
-That means newer plots may sometimes place elements on top of the key.
-'set key opaque' causes the key to be generated after all the plots. In
-this case the key area is filled with background color and then the key
-symbols and titles are written. Therefore the key itself may obscure
-portions of some plot elements. The default can be restored by 'set key
-noopaque'.
-
- By default the first plot label is at the top of the key and
-successive labels are entered below it. The 'invert' option causes the
-first label to be placed at the bottom of the key, with successive
-labels entered above it. This option is useful to force the vertical
-ordering of labels in the key to match the order of box types in a
-stacked histogram.
-
- The <height_increment> is a number of character heights to be added
-to or subtracted from the height of the key box. This is useful mainly
-when you are putting a box around the key and want larger borders around
-the key entries.
-
- An overall title can be put on the key ('title "<text>"')--see also
-'syntax' for the distinction between text in single- or double-quotes.
-The justification of the title defaults to center and can be changed by
-the keywords 'right' or 'left'
-
- The defaults for 'set key' are 'on', 'right', 'top', 'vertical',
-'Right', 'noreverse', 'noinvert', 'samplen 4', 'spacing 1', 'notitle',
-and 'nobox'. The default <linetype> is the same as that used for the
-plot borders. Entering 'set key default' returns the key to its default
-configuration.
-
- Each plot is represented in the key by a single line containing a
-line or symbol or shape representing the plot style and a corresponding
-title. Using the keyword 'notitle' in the plot command will suppress
-generation of the line. Contour plots generated additional entries in
-the key, one for each contour (see *note cntrlabel::). You can add
-extra lines to the key by inserting a dummy plot command that uses the
-keyword 'keyentry' rather than a filename or a function. See
-'keyentry'.
-
- When using the TeX/LaTeX group of terminals or terminals in which
-formatting information is embedded in the string, 'gnuplot' can only
-estimate the width of the string for key positioning. If the key is to
-be positioned at the left, it may be convenient to use the combination
-'set key left Left reverse'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* 3D_key::
-* key_examples::
-* extra_key_entries::
-* key_autotitle::
-* key_placement::
-* key_samples::
-* multiple_keys::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: 3D_key, Next: key_examples, Prev: key, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.1 3D key
-................
-
-Placement of the key for 3D plots ('splot') by default uses the 'fixed'
-option. Note that this is a change from earlier gnuplot versions.
-'fixed' placement is very similar to 'inside' placement with one
-important difference. The plot boundaries of a 3D plot change as the
-view point is rotated or scaled. If the key is positioned 'inside'
-these boundaries then the key also moves when the view is changed.
-'fixed' positioning ignores changes to the view angles or scaling; i.e.
-the key remains fixed in one location on the canvas as the plot is
-rotated.
-
- For 2D plots the 'fixed' option is exactly equivalent to 'inside'.
-
- If 'splot' is being used to draw contours, by default a separate key
-entry is generated for each contour level with a distinct line type. To
-modify this see *note cntrlabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: key_examples, Next: extra_key_entries, Prev:
3D_key, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.2 key examples
-......................
-
-This places the key at the default location:
- set key default
-
-
- This disables the key:
- unset key
-
-
- This places a key at coordinates 2,3.5,2 in the default (first)
-coordinate system:
- set key at 2,3.5,2
-
-
- This places the key below the graph:
- set key below
-
-
- This places the key in the bottom left corner, left-justifies the
-text, gives it a title, and draws a box around it in linetype 3:
- set key left bottom Left title 'Legend' box 3
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: extra_key_entries, Next: key_autotitle, Prev:
key_examples, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.3 extra key entries
-...........................
-
-Normally each plot autogenerates a single line entry in the key. If you
-need more control over what appears in the key you can use the
-'keyentry' keyword in the 'plot' or 'splot' command to insert extra
-lines. Instead of providing a filename or function to plot, use
-'keyentry' as a placeholder followed by plot style information (used to
-generate a key symbol) and a title. Example:
- plot $HEATMAP matrix with image notitle, \
- keyentry with boxes fc palette cb 0 title "no effect", \
- keyentry with boxes fc palette cb 1 title "threshold", \
- keyentry with boxes fc palette cb 3 title "typical range", \
- keyentry with labels nopoint title "as reported in [12]", \
- keyentry with boxes fc palette cb 5 title "strong effect"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: key_autotitle, Next: key_placement, Prev:
extra_key_entries, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.4 key autotitle
-.......................
-
-'set key autotitle' causes each plot to be identified in the key by the
-name of the data file or function used in the plot command. This is the
-default. 'set key noautotitle' disables the automatic generation of
-plot titles.
-
- The command 'set key autotitle columnheader' causes the first entry
-in each column of input data to be interpreted as a text string and used
-as a title for the corresponding plot. If the quantity being plotted is
-a function of data from several columns, gnuplot may be confused as to
-which column to draw the title from. In this case it is necessary to
-specify the column explicitly in the plot command, e.g.
-
- plot "datafile" using (($2+$3)/$4) title columnhead(3) with lines
-
-
- Note: The effect of 'set key autotitle columnheader', treatment of
-the first line in a data file as column headers rather than data applies
-even if the key is disabled by 'unset key'. It also applies to 'stats'
-and *note fit:: commands even though they generate no key.
-
- In all cases an explicit *note title:: or 'notitle' keyword in the
-plot command itself will override the default from 'set key autotitle'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: key_placement, Next: key_samples, Prev:
key_autotitle, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.5 key placement
-.......................
-
-This section describes placement of the primary, auto-generated key. To
-construct a secondary key or place plot titles elsewhere, see 'multiple
-keys'.
-
- To understand positioning, the best concept is to think of a region,
-i.e., inside/outside, or one of the margins. Along with the region,
-keywords 'left/center/right' (l/c/r) and 'top/center/bottom' (t/c/b)
-control where within the particular region the key should be placed.
-
- When in 'inside' mode, the keywords 'left' (l), 'right' (r), 'top'
-(t), 'bottom' (b), and 'center' (c) push the key out toward the plot
-boundary as illustrated:
-
- t/l t/c t/r
-
-
- c/l c c/r
-
-
- b/l b/c b/r
-
-
- When in 'outside' mode, automatic placement is similar to the above
-illustration, but with respect to the view, rather than the graph
-boundary. That is, a border is moved inward to make room for the key
-outside of the plotting area, although this may interfere with other
-labels and may cause an error on some devices. The particular plot
-border that is moved depends upon the position described above and the
-stacking direction. For options centered in one of the dimensions,
-there is no ambiguity about which border to move. For the corners, when
-the stack direction is 'vertical', the left or right border is moved
-inward appropriately. When the stack direction is 'horizontal', the top
-or bottom border is moved inward appropriately.
-
- The margin syntax allows automatic placement of key regardless of
-stack direction. When one of the margins *note lmargin:: (lm), *note
-rmargin:: (rm), *note tmargin:: (tm), and *note bmargin:: (bm) is
-combined with a single, non-conflicting direction keyword, the following
-illustrated positions may contain the key:
-
- l/tm c/tm r/tm
-
-
- t/lm t/rm
-
-
- c/lm c/rm
-
-
- b/lm b/rm
-
-
- l/bm c/bm r/bm
-
-
- Keywords 'above' and 'over' are synonymous with *note tmargin::. For
-version compatibility, 'above' or 'over' without an additional l/c/r or
-stack direction keyword uses 'center' and 'horizontal'. Keywords
-'below' and 'under' are synonymous with *note bmargin::. For
-compatibility, 'below' or 'under' without an additional l/c/r or stack
-direction keyword uses 'center' and 'horizontal'. A further
-compatibility issue is that 'outside' appearing without an additional
-t/b/c or stack direction keyword uses 'top', 'right' and 'vertical'
-(i.e., the same as t/rm above).
-
- The <position> can be a simple x,y,z as in previous versions, but
-these can be preceded by one of five keywords ('first', 'second',
-'graph', 'screen', 'character') which selects the coordinate system in
-which the position of the first sample line is specified. See
-'coordinates' for more details. The effect of 'left', 'right', 'top',
-'bottom', and 'center' when <position> is given is to align the key as
-though it were text positioned using the label command, i.e., 'left'
-means left align with key to the right of <position>, etc.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: key_samples, Next: multiple_keys, Prev:
key_placement, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.6 key samples
-.....................
-
-By default, each plot on the graph generates a corresponding entry in
-the key. This entry contains a plot title and a sample line/point/box
-of the same color and fill properties as used in the plot itself. The
-font and textcolor properties control the appearance of the individual
-plot titles that appear in the key. Setting the textcolor to "variable"
-causes the text for each key entry to be the same color as the line or
-fill color for that plot. This was the default in some earlier versions
-of gnuplot.
-
- The length of the sample line can be controlled by 'samplen'. The
-sample length is computed as the sum of the tic length and
-<sample_length> times the character width. 'samplen' also affects the
-positions of point samples in the key since these are drawn at the
-midpoint of the sample line, even if the sample line itself is not
-drawn.
-
- Key entry lines are single-spaced based on the current font size.
-This can be adjusted by 'set key spacing <line-spacing>'.
-
- The <width_increment> is a number of character widths to be added to
-or subtracted from the length of the string. This is useful only when
-you are putting a box around the key and you are using control
-characters in the text. 'gnuplot' simply counts the number of
-characters in the string when computing the box width; this allows you
-to correct it.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: multiple_keys, Prev: key_samples, Up: key
-
-3.29.36.7 multiple keys
-.......................
-
-It is possible to construct a legend/key manually rather than having the
-plot titles all appear in the auto-generated key. This allows, for
-example, creating a single legend for the component panels in a
-multiplot. Here is an example:
- set multiplot layout 3,2 columnsfirst
- set style data boxes
- plot $D using 0:6 lt 1 title at 0.75, 0.20
- plot $D using 0:12 lt 2 title at 0.75, 0.17
- plot $D using 0:13 lt 3 title at 0.75, 0.14
- plot $D using 0:14 lt 4 title at 0.75, 0.11
- set label 1 at screen 0.75, screen 0.22 "Custom combined key area"
- plot $D using 0:($6+$12+$13+$14) with linespoints title "total"
- unset multiplot
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: label, Next: linetype, Prev: key, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.37 label
--------------
-
-Arbitrary labels can be placed on the plot using the 'set label'
-command.
-
- Syntax:
- set label {<tag>} {"<label text>"} {at <position>}
- {left | center | right}
- {norotate | rotate {by <degrees>}}
- {font "<name>{,<size>}"}
- {noenhanced}
- {front | back}
- {textcolor <colorspec>}
- {point <pointstyle> | nopoint}
- {offset <offset>}
- {boxed}
- {hypertext}
- unset label {<tag>}
- show label
-
-
- The <position> is specified by either x,y or x,y,z, and may be
-preceded by 'first', 'second', 'polar', 'graph', 'screen', or
-'character' to indicate the coordinate system. See 'coordinates' for
-details.
-
- The tag is an integer that is used to identify the label. If no
-<tag> is given, the lowest unused tag value is assigned automatically.
-The tag can be used to delete or modify a specific label. To change any
-attribute of an existing label, use the 'set label' command with the
-appropriate tag, and specify the parts of the label to be changed.
-
- The <label text> can be a string constant, a string variable, or a
-string- valued expression. See 'strings', *note sprintf::, and *note
-gprintf::.
-
- By default, the text is placed flush left against the point x,y,z.
-To adjust the way the label is positioned with respect to the point
-x,y,z, add the justification parameter, which may be 'left', 'right' or
-'center', indicating that the point is to be at the left, right or
-center of the text. Labels outside the plotted boundaries are permitted
-but may interfere with axis labels or other text.
-
- Some terminals support enclosing the label in a box. See 'set style
-textbox'. Not all terminals can handle boxes for rotated text.
-
- If 'rotate' is given, the label is written vertically. If 'rotate by
-<degrees>' is given, the baseline of the text will be set to the
-specified angle. Some terminals do not support text rotation.
-
- Font and its size can be chosen explicitly by 'font
-"<name>{,<size>}"' if the terminal supports font settings. Otherwise
-the default font of the terminal will be used.
-
- Normally the enhanced text mode string interpretation, if enabled for
-the current terminal, is applied to all text strings including label
-text. The 'noenhanced' property can be used to exempt a specific label
-from the enhanced text mode processing. The can be useful if the label
-contains underscores, for example. See 'enhanced text'.
-
- If 'front' is given, the label is written on top of the graphed data.
-If 'back' is given (the default), the label is written underneath the
-graphed data. Using 'front' will prevent a label from being obscured by
-dense data.
-
- 'textcolor <colorspec>' changes the color of the label text.
-<colorspec> can be a linetype, an rgb color, or a palette mapping. See
-help for *note colorspec:: and *note palette::. 'textcolor' may be
-abbreviated 'tc'.
- `tc default` resets the text color to its default state.
- `tc lt <n>` sets the text color to that of line type <n>.
- `tc ls <n>` sets the text color to that of line style <n>.
- `tc palette z` selects a palette color corresponding to the label z
position.
- `tc palette cb <val>` selects a color corresponding to <val> on the
colorbar.
- `tc palette fraction <val>`, with 0<=val<=1, selects a color
corresponding to
- the mapping [0:1] to grays/colors of the *note palette::.
- `tc rgb "#RRGGBB"` or `tc rgb "0xRRGGBB"` sets an arbitrary 24-bit RGB
color.
- `tc rgb 0xRRGGBB` As above; a hexadecimal constant does not require
quotes.
-
-
- If a <pointstyle> is given, using keywords 'lt', 'pt' and 'ps', see
-*note style::, a point with the given style and color of the given line
-type is plotted at the label position and the text of the label is
-displaced slightly. This option is used by default for placing labels
-in 'mouse' enhanced terminals. Use 'nopoint' to turn off the drawing of
-a point near the label (this is the default).
-
- The displacement defaults to 1,1 in *note pointsize:: units if a
-<pointstyle> is given, 0,0 if no <pointstyle> is given. The
-displacement can be controlled by the optional 'offset <offset>' where
-<offset> is specified by either x,y or x,y,z, and may be preceded by
-'first', 'second', 'graph', 'screen', or 'character' to select the
-coordinate system. See 'coordinates' for details.
-
- If one (or more) axis is timeseries, the appropriate coordinate
-should be given as a quoted time string according to the *note timefmt::
-format string. See *note xdata:: and *note timefmt::.
-
- The options available for 'set label' are also available for the
-*note labels:: plot style. See *note labels::. In this case the
-properties 'textcolor', 'rotate', and *note pointsize:: may be followed
-by keyword 'variable' rather than by a fixed value. In this case the
-corresponding property of individual labels is determined by additional
-columns in the *note using:: specifier.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* examples::
-* hypertext::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: examples, Next: hypertext, Prev: label, Up: label
-
-3.29.37.1 examples
-..................
-
-Examples:
-
- To set a label at (1,2) to "y=x", use:
- set label "y=x" at 1,2
-
-
- To set a Sigma of size 24, from the Symbol font set, at the center of
-the graph, use:
- set label "S" at graph 0.5,0.5 center font "Symbol,24"
-
-
- To set a label "y=x^2" with the right of the text at (2,3,4), and tag
-the label as number 3, use:
- set label 3 "y=x^2" at 2,3,4 right
-
-
- To change the preceding label to center justification, use:
- set label 3 center
-
-
- To delete label number 2, use:
- unset label 2
-
-
- To delete all labels, use:
- unset label
-
-
- To show all labels (in tag order), use:
- show label
-
-
- To set a label on a graph with a timeseries on the x axis, use, for
-example:
- set timefmt "%d/%m/%y,%H:%M"
- set label "Harvest" at "25/8/93",1
-
-
- To display a freshly fitted parameter on the plot with the data and
-the fitted function, do this after the *note fit::, but before the
-'plot':
- set label sprintf("a = %3.5g",par_a) at 30,15
- bfit = gprintf("b = %s*10^%S",par_b)
- set label bfit at 30,20
-
-
- To display a function definition along with its fitted parameters,
-use:
- f(x)=a+b*x
- fit f(x) 'datafile' via a,b
- set label GPFUN_f at graph .05,.95
- set label sprintf("a = %g", a) at graph .05,.90
- set label sprintf("b = %g", b) at graph .05,.85
-
-
- To set a label displaced a little bit from a small point:
- set label 'origin' at 0,0 point lt 1 pt 2 ps 3 offset 1,-1
-
-
- To set a label whose color matches the z value (in this case 5.5) of
-some point on a 3D splot colored using pm3d:
- set label 'text' at 0,0,5.5 tc palette z
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hypertext, Prev: examples, Up: label
-
-3.29.37.2 hypertext
-...................
-
-Some terminals (wxt, qt, svg, canvas, win) allow you to attach hypertext
-to specific points on the graph or elsewhere on the canvas. When the
-mouse hovers over the anchor point, a pop-up box containing the text is
-displayed. Terminals that do not support hypertext will display
-nothing. You must enable the 'point' attribute of the label in order
-for the hypertext to be anchored. Examples:
- set label at 0,0 "Plot origin" hypertext point pt 1
- plot 'data' using 1:2:0 with labels hypertext point pt 7 \
- title 'mouse over point to see its order in data set'
-
-
- EXPERIMENTAL (implementation details may change): Text of the form
-"image{<xsize>,<ysize>}:<filename>{\n<caption text>}" will trigger
-display of the image file in a pop-up box. The optional size overrides
-a default box size 300x200. The types of image file recognized may vary
-by terminal type, but *.png should always work. Any additional text
-lines following the image filename are displayed as usual for hypertext.
-Example:
- set label 7 "image:../figures/Fig7_inset.png\nFigure 7 caption..."
- set label 7 at 10,100 hypertext point pt 7
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linetype, Next: link, Prev: label, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.38 linetype
-----------------
-
-The 'set linetype' command allows you to redefine the basic linetypes
-used for plots. The command options are identical to those for "set
-style line". Unlike line styles, redefinitions by 'set linetype' are
-persistent; they are not affected by *note reset::.
-
- For example, whatever linetypes one and two look like to begin with,
-if you redefine them like this:
-
- set linetype 1 lw 2 lc rgb "blue" pointtype 6
- set linetype 2 lw 2 lc rgb "forest-green" pointtype 8
-
-
- everywhere that uses lt 1 will now get a thick blue line. This
-includes uses such as the definition of a temporary linestyle derived
-from the base linetype 1. Similary lt 2 will now produce a think green
-line.
-
- This mechanism can be used to define a set of personal preferences
-for the sequence of lines used in gnuplot. The recommended way to do
-this is to add to the run-time initialization file ~/.gnuplot a sequence
-of commands like
-
- set linetype 1 lc rgb "dark-violet" lw 2 pt 1
- set linetype 2 lc rgb "sea-green" lw 2 pt 7
- set linetype 3 lc rgb "cyan" lw 2 pt 6 pi -1
- set linetype 4 lc rgb "dark-red" lw 2 pt 5 pi -1
- set linetype 5 lc rgb "blue" lw 2 pt 8
- set linetype 6 lc rgb "dark-orange" lw 2 pt 3
- set linetype 7 lc rgb "black" lw 2 pt 11
- set linetype 8 lc rgb "goldenrod" lw 2
- set linetype cycle 8
-
-
- Every time you run gnuplot the line types will be initialized to
-these values. You may initialize as many linetypes as you like. If you
-do not redefine, say, linetype 3 then it will continue to have the
-default properties (in this case blue, pt 3, lw 1, etc). The first few
-lines of the example script insure that the commands will be skipped by
-older versions of gnuplot.
-
- Similar script files can be used to define theme-based color choices,
-or sets of colors optimized for a particular plot type or output device.
-
- The command 'set linetype cycle 8' tells gnuplot to re-use these
-definitions for the color and linewidth of higher-numbered linetypes.
-That is, linetypes 9-16, 17-24, and so on will use this same sequence of
-colors and widths. The point properties (pointtype, pointsize,
-pointinterval) are not affected by this command. 'unset linetype cycle'
-disables this feature. If the line properties of a higher numbered
-linetype are explicitly defined, this takes precedence over the recycled
-low-number linetype properties.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: link, Next: lmargin, Prev: linetype, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.39 link
-------------
-
-Syntax:
- set link {x2 | y2} {via <expression1> inverse <expression2>}
- unset link
-
-
- The *note link:: command establishes a mapping between the x and x2
-axes, or the y and y2 axes. <expression1> maps primary axis coordinates
-onto the secondary axis. <expression2> maps secondary axis coordinates
-onto the primary axis.
-
- Examples:
-
- set link x2
-
-
- This is the simplest form of the command. It forces the x2 axis to
-have identically the same range, scale, and direction as the x axis.
-Commands *note xrange::, *note x2range::, 'set auto x', etc will affect
-both the x and x2 axes.
-
- set link x2 via x**2 inverse sqrt(x)
- plot "sqrt_data" using 1:2 axes x2y1, "linear_data" using 1:2 axes
x1y1
-
-
- This command establishes forward and reverse mapping between the x
-and x2 axes. The forward mapping is used to generate x2 tic labels and
-x2 mouse coordinate The reverse mapping is used to plot coordinates
-given in the x2 coordinate system. Note that the mapping as given is
-valid only for x non-negative. When mapping to the y2 axis, both
-<expression1> and <expression2> must use y as dummy variable.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lmargin, Next: loadpath, Prev: link, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.40 lmargin
----------------
-
-The command *note lmargin:: sets the size of the left margin. Please
-see *note margin:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: loadpath, Next: locale, Prev: lmargin, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.41 loadpath
-----------------
-
-The *note loadpath:: setting defines additional locations for data and
-command files searched by the *note call::, 'load', 'plot' and 'splot'
-commands. If a file cannot be found in the current directory, the
-directories in *note loadpath:: are tried.
-
- Syntax:
- set loadpath {"pathlist1" {"pathlist2"...}}
- show loadpath
-
-
- Path names may be entered as single directory names, or as a list of
-path names separated by a platform-specific path separator, eg. colon
-(':') on Unix, semicolon (';') on DOS/Windows/OS/2 platforms. The *note
-loadpath::, *note save:: and 'save set' commands replace the
-platform-specific separator with a space character (' ').
-
- If the environment variable GNUPLOT_LIB is set, its contents are
-appended to *note loadpath::. However, *note loadpath:: prints the
-contents of *note loadpath:: and GNUPLOT_LIB separately. Also, the
-*note save:: and 'save set' commands ignore the contents of GNUPLOT_LIB.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: locale, Next: logscale, Prev: loadpath, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.42 locale
---------------
-
-The *note locale:: setting determines the language with which
-'{x,y,z}{d,m}tics' will write the days and months.
-
- Syntax:
- set locale {"<locale>"}
-
-
- <locale> may be any language designation acceptable to your
-installation. See your system documentation for the available options.
-The command 'set locale ""' will try to determine the locale from the
-LC_TIME, LC_ALL, or LANG environment variables.
-
- To change the decimal point locale, see *note decimalsign::. To
-change the character encoding to the current locale, see *note
-encoding::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: logscale, Next: macros, Prev: locale, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.43 logscale
-----------------
-
-Syntax:
- set logscale <axes> {<base>}
- unset logscale <axes>
- show logscale
-
-
- where <axes> may be any combinations of 'x', 'x2', 'y', 'y2', 'z',
-'cb', and 'r' in any order. <base> is the base of the log scaling
-(default is base 10). If no axes are specified, the command affects all
-axes except 'r'. The command *note logscale:: turns off log scaling for
-all axes. Note that the ticmarks generated for logscaled axes are not
-uniformly spaced. See 'set xtics'.
-
- Examples:
-
- To enable log scaling in both x and z axes:
- set logscale xz
-
-
- To enable scaling log base 2 of the y axis:
- set logscale y 2
-
-
- To enable z and color log axes for a pm3d plot:
- set logscale zcb
-
-
- To disable z axis log scaling:
- unset logscale z
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: macros, Next: mapping, Prev: logscale, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.44 macros
---------------
-
-In this version of gnuplot macro substitution is always enabled. Tokens
-in the command line of the form @<stringvariablename> will be replaced
-by the text string contained in <stringvariablename>. See
-'substitution'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mapping, Next: margin, Prev: macros, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.45 mapping
----------------
-
-If data are provided to 'splot' in spherical or cylindrical coordinates,
-the *note mapping:: command should be used to instruct 'gnuplot' how to
-interpret them.
-
- Syntax:
- set mapping {cartesian | spherical | cylindrical}
-
-
- A cartesian coordinate system is used by default.
-
- For a spherical coordinate system, the data occupy two or three
-columns (or *note using:: entries). The first two are interpreted as
-the azimuthal and polar angles theta and phi (or "longitude" and
-"latitude"), in the units specified by *note angles::. The radius r is
-taken from the third column if there is one, or is set to unity if there
-is no third column. The mapping is:
-
- x = r * cos(theta) * cos(phi)
- y = r * sin(theta) * cos(phi)
- z = r * sin(phi)
-
-
- Note that this is a "geographic" spherical system, rather than a
-"polar" one (that is, phi is measured from the equator, rather than the
-pole).
-
- For a cylindrical coordinate system, the data again occupy two or
-three columns. The first two are interpreted as theta (in the units
-specified by *note angles::) and z. The radius is either taken from the
-third column or set to unity, as in the spherical case. The mapping is:
-
- x = r * cos(theta)
- y = r * sin(theta)
- z = z
-
-
- The effects of *note mapping:: can be duplicated with the *note
-using:: filter on the 'splot' command, but *note mapping:: may be more
-convenient if many data files are to be processed. However even if
-*note mapping:: is used, *note using:: may still be necessary if the
-data in the file are not in the required order.
-
- *note mapping:: has no effect on 'plot'. world.dem: mapping demos.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/world.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: margin, Next: micro, Prev: mapping, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.46 margin
---------------
-
-The *note margin:: is the distance between the plot border and the outer
-edge of the canvas. The size of the margin is chosen automatically, but
-can be overridden by the *note margin:: commands. *note margin:: shows
-the current settings. To alter the distance between the inside of the
-plot border and the data in the plot itself, see *note offsets::.
-
- Syntax:
- set lmargin {{at screen} <margin>}
- set rmargin {{at screen} <margin>}
- set tmargin {{at screen} <margin>}
- set bmargin {{at screen} <margin>}
- set margins <left>, <right>, <bottom>, <top>
- show margin
-
-
- The default units of <margin> are character heights or widths, as
-appropriate. A positive value defines the absolute size of the margin.
-A negative value (or none) causes 'gnuplot' to revert to the computed
-value. For 3D plots, only the left margin can be set using character
-units.
-
- The keywords 'at screen' indicates that the margin is specified as a
-fraction of the full drawing area. This can be used to precisely line
-up the corners of individual 2D and 3D graphs in a multiplot. This
-placement ignores the current values of *note origin:: and *note size::,
-and is intended as an alternative method for positioning graphs within a
-multiplot.
-
- Normally the margins of a plot are automatically calculated based on
-tics, tic labels, axis labels, the plot title, the timestamp and the
-size of the key if it is outside the borders. If, however, tics are
-attached to the axes ('set xtics axis', for example), neither the tics
-themselves nor their labels will be included in either the margin
-calculation or the calculation of the positions of other text to be
-written in the margin. This can lead to tic labels overwriting other
-text if the axis is very close to the border.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: micro, Next: minussign, Prev: margin, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.47 micro
--------------
-
-By default the "%c" format specifier for scientific notation used to
-generate axis tick labels uses a lower case u as a prefix to indicate
-"micro" (10^-6). The *note micro:: command tells gnuplot to use a
-different typographic character (unicode U+00B5). The byte sequence
-used to represent this character depends on the current encoding. See
-'format specifiers', *note encoding::.
-
- This command is EXPERIMENTAL. It has known limitations and
-implementation details may change.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: minussign, Next: monochrome, Prev: micro, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.48 minussign
------------------
-
-Gnuplot uses the C language library routine sprintf() for most formatted
-input. However it also has its own formatting routine 'gprintf()' that
-is used to generate axis tic labels. The C library routine always use a
-hyphen character (ascii \055) to indicate a negative number, as in -7.
-Many people prefer a different typographic minus sign character (unicode
-U+2212) for this purpose, as in −7. The command
-
- set minussign
-
-
- causes gprintf() to use this minus sign character rather than a
-hyphen in numeric output. In a utf-8 locale this is the multibyte
-sequence corresponding to unicode U+2212. In a Window codepage 1252
-locale this is the 8-bit character ALT+150 ("en dash"). The *note
-minussign:: command will affect axis tic labels and any labels that are
-created by explicitly invoking gprintf. It has no effect on other
-strings that contain a hyphen. See *note gprintf::.
-
- Note that this command is ignored when you are using any of the LaTeX
-terminals, as LaTeX has its own mechanism for handling minus signs. It
-also is not necessary when using the postscript terminal because the
-postscript prologue output by gnuplot remaps the ascii hyphen code \055
-to a different glyph named 'minus'.
-
- This command is EXPERIMENTAL. It has known limitations and
-implementation details may change.
-
- Example (assumes utf8 locale):
-
- set minus
- A = -5
- print "A = ",A # printed string will contain a hyphen
- print gprintf("A = %g",A) # printed string will contain
character U+2212
- set label "V = -5" # label will contain a hyphen
- set label sprintf("V = %g",-5) # label will contain a hyphen
- set label gprintf("V = %g",-5) # label will contain character U+2212
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: monochrome, Next: mouse, Prev: minussign, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.49 monochrome
-------------------
-
-Syntax:
- set monochrome {linetype N <linetype properties>}
-
-
- The *note monochrome:: command selects an alternative set of
-linetypes that differ by dot/dash pattern or line width rather than by
-color. This command replaces the monochrome option offered by certain
-terminal types in earlier versions of gnuplot. For backward
-compatibility these terminal types now implicitly invoke "set
-monochrome" if their own "mono" option is present. For example,
- set terminal pdf mono
-
- is equivalent to
- set terminal pdf
- set mono
-
-
- Selecting monochrome mode does not prevent you from explicitly
-drawing lines using RGB or palette colors, but see also *note gray::.
-Six monochrome linetypes are defined by default. You can change their
-properties or add additional monochrome linetypes by using the full form
-of the command. Changes made to the monochrome linetypes do not affect
-the color linetypes and vice versa. To restore the usual set of color
-linetypes, use either *note monochrome:: or 'set color'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mouse, Next: mttics, Prev: monochrome, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.50 mouse
--------------
-
-The command 'set mouse' enables mouse actions for the current
-interactive terminal. It is usually enabled by default in interactive
-mode, but disabled by default if commands are being read from a file.
-
- There are two mouse modes. The 2D mode works for 'plot' commands and
-for 'splot' maps (i.e. *note view:: with z-rotation 0, 90, 180, 270 or
-360 degrees, including 'set view map'). In this mode the mouse position
-is tracked and you can pan or zoom using the mouse buttons or arrow
-keys. Some terminals support toggling individual plots on/off by
-clicking on the corresponding key title or on a separate widget.
-
- For 3D graphs 'splot', the view and scaling of the graph can be
-changed with mouse buttons 1 and 2, respectively. A vertical motion of
-Button 2 with the shift key held down changes the *note xyplane::. If
-additionally to these buttons the modifier <ctrl> is held down, the
-coordinate axes are displayed but the data are suppressed. This is
-useful for large data sets. Mouse button 3 controls the azimuth of the
-z axis (see *note azimuth::).
-
- Mousing is not available inside multiplot mode. When multiplot is
-completed using *note multiplot::, then the mouse will be turned on
-again but acts only on the most recent plot within the multiplot (like
-replot does).
-
- Syntax:
- set mouse {doubleclick <ms>} {nodoubleclick}
- {{no}zoomcoordinates}
- {zoomfactors <xmultiplier>, <ymultiplier>}
- {noruler | ruler {at x,y}}
- {polardistance{deg|tan} | nopolardistance}
- {format <string>}
- {mouseformat <int>/<string>}
- {{no}labels {"labeloptions"}}
- {{no}zoomjump} {{no}verbose}
- unset mouse
-
-
- The options 'noruler' and 'ruler' switch the ruler off and on, the
-latter optionally setting the origin at the given coordinates. While
-the ruler is on, the distance in user units from the ruler origin to the
-mouse is displayed continuously. By default, toggling the ruler has the
-key binding 'r'.
-
- The option 'polardistance' determines if the distance between the
-mouse cursor and the ruler is also shown in polar coordinates (distance
-and angle in degrees or tangent (slope)). This corresponds to the
-default key binding '5'.
-
- Choose the option *note labels:: to define persistent gnuplot labels
-using Button 2. The default is 'nolabels', which makes Button 2 draw
-only a temporary label at the mouse position. Labels are drawn with the
-current setting of *note mouseformat::. The 'labeloptions' string is
-passed to the 'set label' command. The default is "point pointstyle 1"
-which will plot a small plus at the label position. Temporary labels
-will disappear at the next *note replot:: or mouse zoom operation.
-Persistent labels can be removed by holding the Ctrl-Key down while
-clicking Button 2 on the label's point. The threshold for how close you
-must be to the label is also determined by the *note pointsize::.
-
- If the option 'verbose' is turned on the communication commands are
-shown during execution. This option can also be toggled by hitting '6'
-in the driver's window. 'verbose' is off by default.
-
- Press 'h' in the driver's window for a short summary of the mouse and
-key bindings. This will also display user defined bindings or 'hotkeys'
-which can be defined using the 'bind' command, see help for 'bind'.
-Note, that user defined 'hotkeys' may override the default bindings.
-See also help for 'bind' and 'label'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* doubleclick::
-* mouseformat::
-* scrolling::
-* X11_mouse::
-* zoom::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: doubleclick, Next: mouseformat, Prev: mouse, Up:
mouse
-
-3.29.50.1 doubleclick
-.....................
-
-The doubleclick resolution is given in milliseconds and used for Button
-1, which copies the current mouse position to the 'clipboard' on some
-terminals. The default value is 300 ms. Setting the value to 0 ms
-triggers the copy on a single click.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mouseformat, Next: scrolling, Prev: doubleclick,
Up: mouse
-
-3.29.50.2 mouseformat
-.....................
-
-The 'set mouse format' command specifies a format string for sprintf()
-which determines how the mouse cursor [x,y] coordinates are printed to
-the plot window and to the clipboard. The default is "% #g".
-
- *note mouseformat:: is used for formatting the text on Button1 and
-Button2 actions - copying the coordinates to the clipboard and
-temporarily annotating the mouse position. An integer argument selects
-one of the format options in the table below. A string argument is used
-as a format for sprintf() in option 6 and should contain two float
-specifiers. Example:
- `set mouse mouseformat "mouse x,y = %5.2g, %10.3f"`.
-
- Use 'set mouse mouseformat ""' to turn this string off again.
-
- The following formats are available:
-
- 0 default (same as 1)
- 1 axis coordinates 1.23, 2.45
- 2 graph coordinates (from 0 to 1) /0.00, 1.00/
- 3 x = timefmt y = axis [(as set by *note timefmt::),
2.45]
- 4 x = date y = axis [31. 12. 1999, 2.45]
- 5 x = time y = axis [23:59, 2.45]
- 6 x = date time y = axis [31. 12. 1999 23:59, 2.45]
- 7 format from *note mouseformat::, e.g. "mouse x,y = 1.23, 2.450"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: scrolling, Next: X11_mouse, Prev: mouseformat,
Up: mouse
-
-3.29.50.3 scrolling
-...................
-
-X and Y axis scaling in both 2D and 3D graphs can be adjusted using the
-mouse wheel. <wheel-up> scrolls up (increases both YMIN and YMAX by ten
-percent of the Y range, and increases both Y2MIN and Y2MAX likewise),
-and <wheel down> scrolls down. <shift-wheel-up> scrolls left (decreases
-both XMIN and XMAX, and both X2MIN and X2MAX), and <shift-wheel-down>
-scrolls right. <control-wheel-up> zooms in toward the center of the
-plot, and <control-wheel-down> zooms out. <shift-control-wheel-up>
-zooms in along the X and X2 axes only, and <shift-control-wheel-down>
-zooms out along the X and X2 axes only.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: X11_mouse, Next: zoom, Prev: scrolling, Up: mouse
-
-3.29.50.4 X11 mouse
-...................
-
-If multiple X11 plot windows have been opened using the 'set term x11
-<n>' terminal option, then only the current plot window supports the
-entire range of mouse commands and hotkeys. The other windows will,
-however, continue to display mouse coordinates at the lower left.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zoom, Prev: X11_mouse, Up: mouse
-
-3.29.50.5 zoom
-..............
-
-Zooming is usually accomplished by holding down the left mouse button
-and dragging the mouse to delineate a zoom region. Some platforms may
-require using a different mouse button. The original plot can be
-restored by typing the 'u' hotkey in the plot window. The hotkeys 'p'
-and 'n' step back and forth through a history of zoom operations.
-
- The option 'zoomcoordinates' determines if the coordinates of the
-zoom box are drawn at the edges while zooming. This is on by default.
-
- If the option 'zoomjump' is on, the mouse pointer will be
-automatically offset a small distance after starting a zoom region with
-button 3. This can be useful to avoid a tiny (or even empty) zoom
-region. 'zoomjump' is off by default.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mttics, Next: multiplot, Prev: mouse, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.51 mttics
---------------
-
-Minor tic marks around the perimeter of a polar plot are controlled by
-by *note mttics::. Please see *note mxtics::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: multiplot, Next: mx2tics, Prev: mttics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.52 multiplot
------------------
-
-The command *note multiplot:: places 'gnuplot' in the multiplot mode, in
-which several plots are placed next to each other on the same page or
-screen window.
-
- Syntax:
- set multiplot
- { title <page title> {font <fontspec>} {enhanced|noenhanced} }
- { layout <rows>,<cols>
- {rowsfirst|columnsfirst} {downwards|upwards}
- {scale <xscale>{,<yscale>}} {offset <xoff>{,<yoff>}}
- {margins <left>,<right>,<bottom>,<top>}
- {spacing <xspacing>{,<yspacing>}}
- }
- set multiplot {next|previous}
- unset multiplot
-
-
- For some terminals, no plot is displayed until the command *note
-multiplot:: is given, which causes the entire page to be drawn and then
-returns gnuplot to its normal single-plot mode. For other terminals,
-each separate 'plot' command produces an updated display.
-
- The *note clear:: command is used to erase the rectangular area of
-the page that will be used for the next plot. This is typically needed
-to inset a small plot inside a larger plot.
-
- Any labels or arrows that have been defined will be drawn for each
-plot according to the current size and origin (unless their coordinates
-are defined in the 'screen' system). Just about everything else that
-can be 'set' is applied to each plot, too. If you want something to
-appear only once on the page, for instance a single time stamp, you'll
-need to put a 'set time'/'unset time' pair around one of the 'plot',
-'splot' or *note replot:: commands within the *note multiplot::/*note
-multiplot:: block.
-
- The multiplot title is separate from the individual plot titles, if
-any. Space is reserved for it at the top of the page, spanning the full
-width of the canvas.
-
- The commands *note origin:: and *note size:: must be used to
-correctly position each plot if no layout is specified or if fine tuning
-is desired. See *note origin:: and *note size:: for details of their
-usage.
-
- Example:
- set multiplot
- set size 0.4,0.4
- set origin 0.1,0.1
- plot sin(x)
- set size 0.2,0.2
- set origin 0.5,0.5
- plot cos(x)
- unset multiplot
-
-
- This displays a plot of cos(x) stacked above a plot of sin(x).
-
- *note size:: and *note origin:: refer to the entire plotting area
-used for each plot. Please also see *note size::. If you want to have
-the axes themselves line up, you can guarantee that the margins are the
-same size with the *note margin:: commands. See *note margin:: for
-their use. Note that the margin settings are absolute, in character
-units, so the appearance of the graph in the remaining space will depend
-on the screen size of the display device, e.g., perhaps quite different
-on a video display and a printer.
-
- With the 'layout' option you can generate simple multiplots without
-having to give the *note size:: and *note origin:: commands before each
-plot: Those are generated automatically, but can be overridden at any
-time. With 'layout' the display will be divided by a grid with <rows>
-rows and <cols> columns. This grid is filled rows first or columns
-first depending on whether the corresponding option is given in the
-multiplot command. The stack of plots can grow 'downwards' or
-'upwards'. Default is 'rowsfirst' and 'downwards'. The commands 'set
-multiplot next' and 'set multiplot previous' are relevant only in the
-context of using the layout option. 'next' skips the next position in
-the grid, leaving a blank space. 'prev' returns to the grid position
-immediately preceding the most recently plotted position.
-
- Each plot can be scaled by 'scale' and shifted with 'offset'; if the
-y-values for scale or offset are omitted, the x-value will be used.
-*note multiplot:: will turn off the automatic layout and restore the
-values of *note size:: and *note origin:: as they were before 'set
-multiplot layout'.
-
- Example:
- set size 1,1
- set origin 0,0
- set multiplot layout 3,2 columnsfirst scale 1.1,0.9
- [ up to 6 plot commands here ]
- unset multiplot
-
-
- The above example will produce 6 plots in 2 columns filled top to
-bottom, left to right. Each plot will have a horizontal size of 1.1/2
-and a vertical size of 0.9/3.
-
- Another possibility is to set uniform margins for all plots in the
-layout with options 'layout margins' and 'spacing', which must be used
-together. With 'margins' you set the outer margins of the whole
-multiplot grid.
-
- 'spacing' gives the gap size between two adjacent subplots, and can
-also be given in 'character' or 'screen' units. If a single value is
-given, it is used for both x and y direction, otherwise two different
-values can be selected.
-
- If one value has no unit, the one of the preceding margin setting is
-used.
-
- Example:
- set multiplot layout 2,2 margins 0.1, 0.9, 0.1, 0.9 spacing 0.0
-
-
- In this case the two left-most subplots will have left boundaries at
-screen coordinate 0.1, the two right-most subplots will have right
-boundaries at screen coordinate 0.9, and so on. Because the spacing
-between subplots is given as 0, their inner boundaries will superimpose.
-
- Example:
- set multiplot layout 2,2 margins char 5,1,1,2 spacing screen 0,
char 2
-
-
- This produces a layout in which the boundary of both left subplots is
-5 character widths from the left edge of the canvas, the right boundary
-of the right subplots is 1 character width from the canvas edge. The
-overall bottom margin is one character height and the overall top margin
-is 2 character heights. There is no horizontal gap between the two
-columns of subplots. The vertical gap between subplots is equal to 2
-character heights.
-
- Example:
- set multiplot layout 2,2 columnsfirst margins 0.1,0.9,0.1,0.9
spacing 0.1
- set ylabel 'ylabel'
- plot sin(x)
- set xlabel 'xlabel'
- plot cos(x)
- unset ylabel
- unset xlabel
- plot sin(2*x)
- set xlabel 'xlabel'
- plot cos(2*x)
- unset multiplot
-
-
- See also multiplot demo (multiplt.dem)
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/multiplt.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mx2tics, Next: mxtics, Prev: multiplot, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.53 mx2tics
----------------
-
-Minor tic marks along the x2 (top) axis are controlled by *note
-mx2tics::. Please see *note mxtics::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mxtics, Next: my2tics, Prev: mx2tics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.54 mxtics
---------------
-
-Minor tic marks along the x axis are controlled by *note mxtics::. They
-can be turned off with *note mxtics::. Similar commands control minor
-tics along the other axes.
-
- Syntax:
- set mxtics {<freq> | default}
- unset mxtics
- show mxtics
-
-
- The same syntax applies to *note mytics::, *note mztics::, *note
-mx2tics::, *note my2tics::, 'mrtics', *note mttics:: and 'mcbtics'.
-
- <freq> is the number of sub-intervals (NOT the number of minor tics)
-between major tics (the default for a linear axis is either two or five
-depending on the major tics, so there are one or four minor tics between
-major tics). Selecting 'default' will return the number of minor ticks
-to its default value.
-
- If the axis is logarithmic, the number of sub-intervals will be set
-to a reasonable number by default (based upon the length of a decade).
-This will be overridden if <freq> is given. However the usual minor
-tics (2, 3, ..., 8, 9 between 1 and 10, for example) are obtained by
-setting <freq> to 10, even though there are but nine sub-intervals.
-
- To set minor tics at arbitrary positions, use the ("<label>" <pos>
-<level>, ...) form of 'set {x|x2|y|y2|z}tics' with <label> empty and
-<level> set to 1.
-
- The 'set m{x|x2|y|y2|z}tics' commands work only when there are
-uniformly spaced major tics. If all major tics were placed explicitly
-by 'set {x|x2|y|y2|z}tics', then minor tic commands are ignored.
-Implicit major tics and explicit minor tics can be combined using 'set
-{x|x2|y|y2|z}tics' and 'set {x|x2|y|y2|z}tics add'.
-
- Examples:
- set xtics 0, 5, 10
- set xtics add (7.5)
- set mxtics 5
-
- Major tics at 0,5,7.5,10, minor tics at 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9
- set logscale y
- set ytics format ""
- set ytics 1e-6, 10, 1
- set ytics add ("1" 1, ".1" 0.1, ".01" 0.01, "10^-3" 0.001, \
- "10^-4" 0.0001)
- set mytics 10
-
- Major tics with special formatting, minor tics at log positions
-
- By default, minor tics are off for linear axes and on for logarithmic
-axes. They inherit the settings for 'axis|border' and '{no}mirror'
-specified for the major tics. Please see 'set xtics' for information
-about these.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: my2tics, Next: mytics, Prev: mxtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.55 my2tics
----------------
-
-Minor tic marks along the y2 (right-hand) axis are controlled by *note
-my2tics::. Please see *note mxtics::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mytics, Next: mztics, Prev: my2tics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.56 mytics
---------------
-
-Minor tic marks along the y axis are controlled by *note mytics::.
-Please see *note mxtics::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mztics, Next: nonlinear, Prev: mytics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.57 mztics
---------------
-
-Minor tic marks along the z axis are controlled by *note mztics::.
-Please see *note mxtics::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: nonlinear, Next: object, Prev: mztics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.58 nonlinear
------------------
-
-Syntax:
- set nonlinear <axis> via f(axis) inverse g(axis)
- unset nonlinear <axis>
-
-
- [new command in version 5.2] This command is similar to the *note
-link:: command except that only one of the two linked axes is visible.
-The hidden axis remains linear. Coordinates along the visible axis are
-mapped by applying g(x) to hidden axis coordinates. f(x) maps the
-visible axis coordinates back onto the hidden linear axis.
-
- Example:
-
- set xrange [1:1000]
- set nonlinear x via log10(x) inverse 10**x
-
-
- This example establishes a log-scaled x axis. It is an alternative
-way of achieving the effect of 'set log x'. The hidden axis in this
-case has range [0:3], obtained by calculating [log10(xmin):log10(xmax)].
-You must provide both the forward and inverse expressions.
-
- Example:
-
- set xrange [-3:3]
- set nonlinear x via norm(x) inverse invnorm(x)
-
-
- This example establishes a probability-scaled ("probit") x axis, such
-that plotting the cumulative normal function Phi(x) produces a straight
-line plot against a linear y axis.
-
- Example:
-
- logit(p) = log(p/(1-p))
- logistic(a) = 1. / (1. + exp(-a))
- set xrange [.001 : .999]
- set nonlinear y via logit(y) inverse logistic(y)
- plot logit(x)
-
-
- This example establishes a logit-scaled y axis such that plotting
-logit(x) on a linear x axis produces a straight line plot.
-
- Example:
-
- f(x) = (x <= 100) ? x : (x < 500) ? NaN : x-390
- g(x) = (x <= 100) ? x : x+390
- set xrange [0:1000] noextend
- set nonlinear x via f(x) inverse g(x)
- set xtics add (100,500)
- plot sample [x=1:100] x, [x=500:1000] x
-
-
- This example creates a "broken axis". X coordinates 0-100 are at the
-left, X coordinates 500-1000 are at the right, there is a small gap (10
-units) between them. So long as no data points with (100 < x < 500) are
-plotted, this works as expected.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: object, Next: offsets, Prev: nonlinear, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.59 object
---------------
-
-The *note object:: command defines a single object which will appear in
-subsequent plots. You may define as many objects as you like.
-Currently the supported object types are *note rectangle::, 'circle',
-'ellipse', and *note polygon::. Rectangles inherit a default set of
-style properties (fill, color, border) from those set by the command
-*note rectangle::, but each object can also be given individual style
-properties. Circles, ellipses, and polygons inherit the fill style from
-'set style fill'. Objects to be drawn in 2D plots may be defined in any
-combination of axis, graph, polar, or screen coordinates.
-
- Object specifications in 3D plots cannot use graph coordinates.
-Rectangles and ellipses in 3D plots are limited to screen coordinates.
-
- Syntax:
- set object <index>
- <object-type> <object-properties>
- {front|back|behind} {clip|noclip}
- {fc|fillcolor <colorspec>} {fs <fillstyle>}
- {default} {lw|linewidth <width>} {dt|dashtype <dashtype>}
- unset object <index>
-
-
- <object-type> is either *note rectangle::, 'ellipse', 'circle', or
-*note polygon::. Each object type has its own set of characteristic
-properties.
-
- Setting 'front' will draw the object in front of all plot elements,
-but behind any labels that are also marked 'front'. Setting 'back' will
-place the object behind all plot curves and labels. Setting 'behind'
-will place the object behind everything including the axes and 'back'
-rectangles, thus
- set object rectangle from screen 0,0 to screen 1,1 behind
-
- can be used to provide a colored background for the entire graph or
-page.
-
- By default, objects are clipped to the graph boundary unless one or
-more vertices are given in screen coordinates. Setting 'noclip' will
-disable clipping to the graph boundary, but will still clip against the
-screen size.
-
- The fill color of the object is taken from the <colorspec>.
-'fillcolor' may be abbreviated 'fc'. The fill style is taken from
-<fillstyle>. See *note colorspec:: and 'fillstyle'. If the keyword
-'default' is given, these properties are inherited from the default
-settings at the time a plot is drawn. See *note rectangle::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* rectangle::
-* ellipse::
-* circle::
-* polygon::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rectangle, Next: ellipse, Prev: object, Up:
object
-
-3.29.59.1 rectangle
-...................
-
-Syntax:
- set object <index> rectangle
- {from <position> {to|rto} <position> |
- center <position> size <w>,<h> |
- at <position> size <w>,<h>}
-
-
- The position of the rectangle may be specified by giving the position
-of two diagonal corners (bottom left and top right) or by giving the
-position of the center followed by the width and the height. In either
-case the positions may be given in axis, graph, or screen coordinates.
-See 'coordinates'. The options 'at' and 'center' are synonyms.
-
- Examples:
- # Force the entire area enclosed by the axes to have background color
cyan
- set object 1 rect from graph 0, graph 0 to graph 1, graph 1 back
- set object 1 rect fc rgb "cyan" fillstyle solid 1.0
-
-
- # Position a red square with lower left at 0,0 and upper right at 2,3
- set object 2 rect from 0,0 to 2,3 fc lt 1
-
-
- # Position an empty rectangle (no fill) with a blue border
- set object 3 rect from 0,0 to 2,3 fs empty border rgb "blue"
-
-
- # Return fill and color to the default style but leave vertices
unchanged
- set object 2 rect default
-
-
- Rectangle corners specified in screen coordinates may extend beyond
-the edge of the current graph. Otherwise the rectangle is clipped to
-fit in the graph.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ellipse, Next: circle, Prev: rectangle, Up:
object
-
-3.29.59.2 ellipse
-.................
-
-Syntax:
- set object <index> ellipse {at|center} <position> size <w>,<h>
- {angle <orientation>} {units xy|xx|yy}
- {<other-object-properties>}
-
-
- The position of the ellipse is specified by giving the center
-followed by the width and the height (actually the major and minor
-axes). The keywords 'at' and 'center' are synonyms. The center
-position may be given in axis, graph, or screen coordinates. See
-'coordinates'. The major and minor axis lengths must be given in axis
-coordinates. The orientation of the ellipse is specified by the angle
-between the horizontal axis and the major diameter of the ellipse. If
-no angle is given, the default ellipse orientation will be used instead
-(see 'set style ellipse'). The 'units' keyword controls the scaling of
-the axes of the ellipse. 'units xy' means that the major axis is
-interpreted in terms of units along the x axis, while the minor axis in
-that of the y axis. 'units xx' means that both axes of the ellipses are
-scaled in the units of the x axis, while 'units yy' means that both axes
-are in units of the y axis. The default is 'xy' or whatever 'set style
-ellipse units' was set to.
-
- NB: If the x and y axis scales are not equal, (e.g. 'units xy' is in
-effect) then the major/minor axis ratio will no longer be correct after
-rotation.
-
- Note that 'set object ellipse size <2r>,<2r>' does not in general
-produce the same result as 'set object circle <r>'. The circle radius
-is always interpreted in terms of units along the x axis, and will
-always produce a circle even if the x and y axis scales are different
-and even if the aspect ratio of your plot is not 1. If 'units' is set
-to 'xy', then 'set object ellipse' interprets the first <2r> in terms of
-x axis units and the second <2r> in terms of y axis units. This will
-only produce a circle if the x and y axis scales are identical and the
-plot aspect ratio is 1. On the other hand, if 'units' is set to 'xx' or
-'yy', then the diameters specified in the 'set object' command will be
-interpreted in the same units, so the ellipse will have the correct
-aspect ratio, and it will maintain its aspect ratio even if the plot is
-resized.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: circle, Next: polygon, Prev: ellipse, Up: object
-
-3.29.59.3 circle
-................
-
-Syntax:
- set object <index> circle {at|center} <position> size <radius>
- {arc [<begin>:<end>]}
- {<other-object-properties>}
-
-
- The position of the circle is specified by giving the position of the
-center center followed by the radius. The keywords 'at' and 'center'
-are synonyms. In 2D plots the position and radius may be given in any
-coordinate system. See 'coordinates'. Circles in 3D plots cannot use
-graph coordinates. In all cases the radius is calculated relative to
-the horizontal scale of the axis, graph, or canvas. Any disparity
-between the horizontal and vertical scaling will be corrected for so
-that the result is always a circle. If you want to draw a circle in
-plot coordinates (such that it will appear as an ellipse if the
-horizontal and vertical scales are different), use 'set object ellipse'
-instead.
-
- By default a full circle is drawn. The optional qualifier 'arc'
-specifies a starting angle and ending angle, in degrees, for one arc of
-the circle. The arc is always drawn counterclockwise.
-
- See also 'set object ellipse'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: polygon, Prev: circle, Up: object
-
-3.29.59.4 polygon
-.................
-
-Syntax:
- set object <index> polygon
- from <position> to <position> ... {to <position>}
-
- or
- from <position> rto <position> ... {rto <position>}
-
-
- The position of the polygon may be specified by giving the position
-of a sequence of vertices. These may be given in any coordinate system.
-If relative coordinates are used (rto) then the coordinate type must
-match that of the previous vertex. See 'coordinates'.
-
- Example:
- set object 1 polygon from 0,0 to 1,1 to 2,0
- set object 1 fc rgb "cyan" fillstyle solid 1.0 border lt -1
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: offsets, Next: origin, Prev: object, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.60 offsets
----------------
-
-Offsets provide a mechanism to put an empty boundary around the data
-inside an autoscaled graph. The offsets only affect the x1 and y1 axes,
-and only in 2D 'plot' commands.
-
- Syntax:
- set offsets <left>, <right>, <top>, <bottom>
- unset offsets
- show offsets
-
-
- Each offset may be a constant or an expression. Each defaults to 0.
-By default, the left and right offsets are given in units of the first x
-axis, the top and bottom offsets in units of the first y axis.
-Alternatively, you may specify the offsets as a fraction of the total
-axis range by using the keyword "graph". A positive offset expands the
-axis range in the specified direction, e.g., a positive bottom offset
-makes ymin more negative. Negative offsets, while permitted, can have
-unexpected interactions with autoscaling and clipping. To prevent the
-auto-scaling from further adjusting your axis ranges, it is useful to
-also specify "set auto fix".
-
- Example:
- set auto fix
- set offsets graph 0.05, 0, 2, 2
- plot sin(x)
-
-
- This graph of sin(x) will have a y range [-3:3] because the function
-will be autoscaled to [-1:1] and the vertical offsets are each two. The
-x range will be [-11:10] because the default is [-10:10] and it has been
-expanded to the left by 0.05 of that total range.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: origin, Next: output, Prev: offsets, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.61 origin
---------------
-
-The *note origin:: command is used to specify the origin of a plotting
-surface (i.e., the graph and its margins) on the screen. The
-coordinates are given in the 'screen' coordinate system (see
-'coordinates' for information about this system).
-
- Syntax:
- set origin <x-origin>,<y-origin>
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: output, Next: parametric_, Prev: origin, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.62 output
---------------
-
-By default, screens are displayed to the standard output. The *note
-output:: command redirects the display to the specified file or device.
-
- Syntax:
- set output {"<filename>"}
- show output
-
-
- The filename must be enclosed in quotes. If the filename is omitted,
-any output file opened by a previous invocation of *note output:: will
-be closed and new output will be sent to STDOUT. (If you give the
-command 'set output "STDOUT"', your output may be sent to a file named
-"STDOUT"! ["May be", not "will be", because some terminals, like 'x11'
-or 'wxt', ignore *note output::.])
-
- When both *note terminal:: and *note output:: are used together, it
-is safest to give *note terminal:: first, because some terminals set a
-flag which is needed in some operating systems. This would be the case,
-for example, if the operating system needs a separate open command for
-binary files.
-
- On platforms that support pipes, it may be useful to pipe terminal
-output. For instance,
-
- set output "|lpr -Plaser filename"
- set term png; set output "|display png:-"
-
-
- On MSDOS machines, 'set output "PRN"' will direct the output to the
-default printer. On VMS, output can be sent directly to any spooled
-device.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: parametric_, Next: paxis, Prev: output, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.63 parametric
-------------------
-
-The *note parametric:: command changes the meaning of 'plot' ('splot')
-from normal functions to parametric functions. The command *note
-parametric:: restores the plotting style to normal, single-valued
-expression plotting.
-
- Syntax:
- set parametric
- unset parametric
- show parametric
-
-
- For 2D plotting, a parametric function is determined by a pair of
-parametric functions operating on a parameter. An example of a 2D
-parametric function would be 'plot sin(t),cos(t)', which draws a circle
-(if the aspect ratio is set correctly--see *note size::). 'gnuplot'
-will display an error message if both functions are not provided for a
-parametric 'plot'.
-
- For 3D plotting, the surface is described as x=f(u,v), y=g(u,v),
-z=h(u,v). Therefore a triplet of functions is required. An example of
-a 3D parametric function would be 'cos(u)*cos(v),cos(u)*sin(v),sin(u)',
-which draws a sphere. 'gnuplot' will display an error message if all
-three functions are not provided for a parametric 'splot'.
-
- The total set of possible plots is a superset of the simple f(x)
-style plots, since the two functions can describe the x and y values to
-be computed separately. In fact, plots of the type t,f(t) are
-equivalent to those produced with f(x) because the x values are computed
-using the identity function. Similarly, 3D plots of the type u,v,f(u,v)
-are equivalent to f(x,y).
-
- Note that the order the parametric functions are specified is
-xfunction, yfunction (and zfunction) and that each operates over the
-common parametric domain.
-
- Also, the *note parametric:: function implies a new range of values.
-Whereas the normal f(x) and f(x,y) style plotting assume an xrange and
-yrange (and zrange), the parametric mode additionally specifies a
-trange, urange, and vrange. These ranges may be set directly with *note
-trange::, *note urange::, and *note vrange::, or by specifying the range
-on the 'plot' or 'splot' commands. Currently the default range for
-these parametric variables is [-5:5]. Setting the ranges to something
-more meaningful is expected.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: paxis, Next: plot_, Prev: parametric_, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.64 paxis
--------------
-
-Syntax:
- set paxis <axisno> {range <range-options> | tics <tic-options>}
- show paxis <axisno> {range | tics}
-
- The *note paxis:: command is equivalent to the *note xrange:: and
-'set xtics' commands except that it acts on one of the axes p1, p2, ...
-used in parallel axis plots. See *note parallelaxes::, *note xrange::,
-and 'set xtics'. The normal options to the range and tics commands are
-accepted although not all options make sense for parallel axis plots.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: plot_, Next: pm3d, Prev: paxis, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.65 plot
-------------
-
-The 'show plot' command shows the current plotting command as it results
-from the last 'plot' and/or 'splot' and possible subsequent *note
-replot:: commands.
-
- In addition, the 'show plot add2history' command adds this current
-plot command into the 'history'. It is useful if you have used *note
-replot:: to add more curves to the current plot and you want to edit the
-whole command now.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pm3d, Next: palette, Prev: plot_, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.66 pm3d
-------------
-
-pm3d is an 'splot' style for drawing palette-mapped 3d and 4d data as
-color/gray maps and surfaces. It uses an algorithm that allows plotting
-gridded as well as non-gridded data without preprocessing, even when the
-data scans do not have the same number of points.
-
- Syntax (the options can be given in any order):
- set pm3d {
- { at <position> }
- { interpolate <steps/points in scan, between scans> }
- { scansautomatic | scansforward | scansbackward |
depthorder }
- { flush { begin | center | end } }
- { ftriangles | noftriangles }
- { clip1in | clip4in }
- { corners2color
- { mean|geomean|harmean|rms|median|min|max|c1|c2|c3|c4 }
- }
- }
- show pm3d
- unset pm3d
-
-
- A pm3d color surface is drawn if the splot command specifies *note
-pm3d::, if the data or function *note style:: is set to pm3d globally,
-or if the pm3d mode is 'set pm3d implicit'. In the latter two cases,
-the pm3d surface is draw in addition to the mesh produced by the style
-specified in the plot command. E.g.
- splot 'fred.dat' with lines, 'lola.dat' with lines
-
- would draw both a mesh of lines and a pm3d surface for each data set.
-If the option 'explicit' is on (or 'implicit' is off) only plots
-specified by the *note pm3d:: attribute are plotted with a pm3d surface,
-e.g.:
- splot 'fred.dat' with lines, 'lola.dat' with pm3d
-
- would plot 'fred.dat' with lines (only) and 'lola.dat' with a pm3d
-surface.
-
- On gnuplot start-up, the mode is 'explicit'. For historical and
-compatibility reasons, the commands 'set pm3d;' (i.e. no options) and
-'set pm3d at X ...' (i.e. 'at' is the first option) change the mode to
-'implicit'. The command 'set pm3d;' sets other options to their default
-state.
-
- If you set the default data or function style to *note pm3d::, e.g.:
- set style data pm3d
-
- then the options 'implicit' and 'explicit' have no effect.
-
- Note that when plotting several plots, they are plotted in the order
-given on the command line. This can be of interest especially for
-filled surfaces which can overwrite and therefore hide part of earlier
-plots.
-
- The pm3d coloring can be drawn at any or all of three different
-positions, 'top', 'bottom', or *note surface::. See *note position::.
-The following command draws three color surfaces at different altitudes:
- set border 4095
- set pm3d at s
- splot 10*x with pm3d at b, x*x-y*y, x*x+y*y with pm3d at t
-
-
- See also help for *note palette::, *note cbrange::, 'set colorbox',
-and definitely the demo file 'demo/pm3d.dem'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* algorithm::
-* lighting::
-* position::
-* scanorder::
-* clipping::
-* color_assignment::
-* corners2color::
-* border_::
-* interpolate::
-* deprecated_options::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: algorithm, Next: lighting, Prev: pm3d, Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.1 algorithm
-...................
-
-Let us first describe how a map/surface is drawn. The input data come
-from an evaluated function or from an 'splot data file'. Each surface
-consists of a sequence of separate scans (isolines). The pm3d algorithm
-fills the region between two neighbouring points in one scan with
-another two points in the next scan by a gray (or color) according to
-z-values (or according to an additional 'color' column, see help for
-*note using::) of these 4 corners; by default the 4 corner values are
-averaged, but this can be changed by the option *note corners2color::.
-In order to get a reasonable surface, the neighbouring scans should not
-cross and the number of points in the neighbouring scans should not
-differ too much; of course, the best plot is with scans having same
-number of points. There are no other requirements (e.g. the data need
-not be gridded). Another advantage is that the pm3d algorithm does not
-draw anything outside of the input (measured or calculated) region.
-
- Surface coloring works with the following input data:
-
- 1. splot of function or of data file with one or three data columns:
-The gray/color scale is obtained by mapping the averaged (or *note
-corners2color::) z-coordinate of the four corners of the above-specified
-quadrangle into the range [min_color_z,max_color_z] of *note zrange:: or
-*note cbrange:: providing a gray value in the range [0:1]. This value
-can be used directly as the gray for gray maps. The normalized gray
-value can be further mapped into a color--see *note palette:: for the
-complete description.
-
- 2. splot of data file with two or four data columns: The gray/color
-value is obtained by using the last-column coordinate instead of the
-z-value, thus allowing the color and the z-coordinate be mutually
-independent. This can be used for 4d data drawing.
-
- Other notes:
-
- 1. The term 'scan' referenced above is used more among physicists
-than the term 'iso_curve' referenced in gnuplot documentation and
-sources. You measure maps recorded one scan after another scan, that's
-why.
-
- 2. The 'gray' or 'color' scale is a linear mapping of a continuous
-variable onto a smoothly varying palette of colors. The mapping is
-shown in a rectangle next to the main plot. This documentation refers
-to this as a "colorbox", and refers to the indexing variable as lying on
-the colorbox axis. See 'set colorbox', *note cbrange::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lighting, Next: position, Prev: algorithm, Up:
pm3d
-
-3.29.66.2 lighting
-..................
-
-By default the colors assigned to pm3d objects are not dependent on
-orientation or viewing angle. This state corresponds to 'set pm3d
-nolighting'. The command *note lighting:: selects a simple lighting
-model consisting of a single fixed source of illumination contributing
-50% of the overall lighting. The strength of this light relative to the
-ambient illumination can be adjusted by 'set pm3d lighting primary
-<fraction>'. Inclusion of specular highlighting can be adjusted by
-setting a fractional contribution:
- set pm3d lighting primary 0.50 specular 0.0 # no highlights
- set pm3d lighting primary 0.50 specular 0.6 # strong highlights
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: position, Next: scanorder, Prev: lighting, Up:
pm3d
-
-3.29.66.3 position
-..................
-
-Color surface can be drawn at the base or top (then it is a gray/color
-planar map) or at z-coordinates of surface points (gray/color surface).
-This is defined by the 'at' option with a string of up to 6 combinations
-of 'b', 't' and 's'. For instance, 'at b' plots at bottom only, 'at st'
-plots firstly surface and then top map, while 'at bstbst' will never by
-seriously used.
-
- Colored quadrangles are plotted one after another. When plotting
-surfaces ('at s'), the later quadrangles overlap (overdraw) the previous
-ones. (Gnuplot is not virtual reality tool to calculate intersections
-of filled polygon meshes.) You may try to switch between 'scansforward'
-and 'scansbackward' to force the first scan of the data to be plotted
-first or last. The default is 'scansautomatic' where gnuplot makes a
-guess about scans order. On the other hand, the 'depthorder' option
-completely reorders the quadrangles. The rendering is performed after a
-depth sorting, which allows to visualize even complicated surfaces; see
-'pm3d depthorder' for more details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: scanorder, Next: clipping, Prev: position, Up:
pm3d
-
-3.29.66.4 scanorder
-...................
-
-By default the quadrangles making up a pm3d solid surface are rendered
-in the order they are encountered along the surface grid points. This
-order may be controlled by the options
-'scansautomatic'|'scansforward'|'scansbackward'. These scan options are
-not in general compatible with hidden-surface removal.
-
- If two successive scans do not have same number of points, then it
-has to be decided whether to start taking points for quadrangles from
-the beginning of both scans ('flush begin'), from their ends ('flush
-end') or to center them ('flush center'). Note, that 'flush
-(center|end)' are incompatible with 'scansautomatic': if you specify
-'flush center' or 'flush end' and 'scansautomatic' is set, it is
-silently switched to 'scansforward'.
-
- If two subsequent scans do not have the same number of points, the
-option 'ftriangles' specifies whether color triangles are drawn at the
-scan tail(s) where there are not enough points in either of the scans.
-This can be used to draw a smooth map boundary.
-
- Gnuplot does not do true hidden surface removal for solid surfaces,
-but often it is sufficient to render the component quadrangles in order
-from furthest to closest. This mode may be selected using the options
- set pm3d depthorder hidden3d
-
- The 'depthorder' option orders the solid quadrangles; the *note
-hidden3d:: option similarly orders the bounding lines (if drawn). Note
-that the global option *note hidden3d:: does not affect pm3d surfaces.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: clipping, Next: color_assignment, Prev:
scanorder, Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.5 clipping
-..................
-
-Clipping with respect to x, y coordinates of quadrangles can be done in
-two ways. 'clip1in': all 4 points of each quadrangle must be defined
-and at least 1 point of the quadrangle must lie in the x and y ranges.
-'clip4in': all 4 points of each quadrangle must lie in the x and y
-ranges.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: color_assignment, Next: corners2color, Prev:
clipping, Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.6 color_assignment
-..........................
-
-'3 columns of data (x,y,z)':
-
- The coloring setup as well as the color box drawing are determined by
-*note palette::. There can be only one palette for the current plot.
-Drawing of several surfaces with different palettes can be achieved by
-*note multiplot:: with fixed *note origin:: and *note size::; don't
-forget to use 'set palette maxcolors' when your terminal is running out
-of available colors.
-
- There is a single gray/color value associated to each drawn pm3d
-quadrangle (it contains a solid color, not a gradient). The value is
-calculated from z-coordinates the four corners according to
-'corners2color <option>'. '4 columns of data (x,y,z,color)':
-
- If a fourth column of data is provided, it is normally interpreted as
-a separate palette-mapped gray value. The coloring of individual
-quadrangles works as above, except that the color value is distinct from
-the z value. As a separate coloring option, the fourth data column may
-provide instead an RGB color. See 'rgbcolor variable'. In this case
-the plotting command must be
-
- splot ... using 1:2:3:4 with pm3d lc rgb variable
-
-
- Another drawing algorithm, which would draw quadrangles around a
-given node by taking corners from averaged (x,y)-coordinates of its
-surrounding 4 nodes while using node's color, could be implemented in
-the future. This is already done for drawing images (2D grids) via
-'image' and *note rgbimage:: styles.
-
- Notice that ranges of z-values and color-values for surfaces are
-adjustable independently by *note zrange::, *note cbrange::, as well as
-'set log' for z or cb. Maps can be adjusted by the cb-axis only; see
-also 'set view map' and 'set colorbox'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: corners2color, Next: border_, Prev:
color_assignment, Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.7 corners2color
-.......................
-
-The color of each quadrangle in a pm3d surface is assigned based on the
-color values of its four bounding vertices. The options 'mean'
-(default), 'geomean', 'harmean, 'rms', and 'median' produce various
-kinds of surface color smoothing, while options 'min' and 'max' choose
-minimal or maximal value, respectively. This may not be desired for
-pixel images or for maps with sharp and intense peaks, in which case the
-options 'c1', 'c2', 'c3' or 'c4' can be used instead to assign the
-quadrangle color based on the z-coordinate of only one corner. Some
-experimentation may be needed to determine which corner corresponds to
-'c1', as the orientation depends on the drawing direction. Because the
-pm3d algorithm does not extend the colored surface outside the range of
-the input data points, the 'c<j>' coloring options will result in pixels
-along two edges of the grid not contributing to the color of any
-quadrangle. For example, applying the pm3d algorithm to the 4x4 grid of
-data points in script 'demo/pm3d.dem' (please have a look) produces only
-(4-1)x(4-1)=9 colored rectangles.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: border_, Next: interpolate, Prev: corners2color,
Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.8 border
-................
-
-The option 'set pm3d border {line-properties}' draws bounding lines
-around each quadrangle as it is rendered. Normally this is used in
-conjunction with the 'depthorder' option to approximate hidden line
-removal. Note that the global option *note hidden3d:: has no effect on
-pm3d plots. Default line properties (color, width) optionally follow
-the keyword *note border::. These defaults can be overridden later in
-an splot command.
-
- Example of recommended usage:
-
- set pm3d at s depthorder border lw 0.2 lt black
- unset hidden3d
- unset surf
- splot x*x+y*y linecolor rgb "blue" # otherwise it would be black
-
-
- NB: The deprecated option 'set pm3d hidden3d N' is still accepted.
-It is equivalent to 'set pm3d border ls N'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: interpolate, Next: deprecated_options, Prev:
border_, Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.9 interpolate
-.....................
-
-The option 'interpolate m,n' will interpolate between grid points to
-generate a finer mesh. For data files, this smooths the color surface
-and enhances the contrast of spikes in the surface. When working with
-functions, interpolation makes little sense. It would usually make more
-sense to increase *note samples:: and *note isosamples::.
-
- For positive m and n, each quadrangle or triangle is interpolated
-m-times and n-times in the respective direction. For negative m and n,
-the interpolation frequency is chosen so that there will be at least |m|
-and |n| points drawn; you can consider this as a special gridding
-function.
-
- Note: 'interpolate 0,0', will automatically choose an optimal number
-of interpolated surface points.
-
- Note: Currently color interpolation is always linear, even if
-corners2color is set to a nonlinear scheme such as the geometric mean.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: deprecated_options, Prev: interpolate, Up: pm3d
-
-3.29.66.10 deprecated_options
-.............................
-
-There used to be an option {transparent|solid} to this command. Now you
-get the same effect from 'set grid {front|layerdefault}', respectively.
-
- The old command 'set pm3d map' is equivalent to 'set pm3d at b; set
-view map scale 1.0; set style data pm3d; set style func pm3d;'
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: palette, Next: pointintervalbox, Prev: pm3d, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.67 palette
----------------
-
-Palette is a color storage for use by *note pm3d::, filled color
-contours or polygons, color histograms, color gradient background, and
-whatever it is or it will be implemented... Here it stands for a
-palette of smooth "continuous" colors or grays, but let's call it just a
-palette.
-
- Color palettes require terminal entries for filled color polygons and
-palettes of smooth colors, are currently available for terminals listed
-in help for *note pm3d::. The range of color values are adjustable
-independently by *note cbrange:: and 'set log cb'. The whole color
-palette is visualized in the 'colorbox'.
-
- Syntax:
- set palette
- set palette {
- { gray | color }
- { gamma <gamma> }
- { rgbformulae <r>,<g>,<b>
- | defined { ( <gray1> <color1> {, <grayN> <colorN>}...
) }
- | file '<filename>' {datafile-modifiers}
- | functions <R>,<G>,<B>
- }
- { cubehelix {start <val>} {cycles <val>} {saturation
<val>} }
- { model { RGB | HSV | CMY | XYZ } }
- { positive | negative }
- { nops_allcF | ps_allcF }
- { maxcolors <maxcolors> }
- }
- show palette
- show palette palette <n> {{float | int}}
- show palette gradient
- show palette fit2rgbformulae
- show palette rgbformulae
- show colornames
-
-
- *note palette:: (i.e. without options) sets up the default values.
-Otherwise, the options can be given in any order. *note palette:: shows
-the current palette properties.
-
- 'show palette gradient' displays the gradient defining the palette
-(if appropriate). *note rgbformulae:: prints the available fixed gray
--> color transformation formulae. *note colornames:: prints the known
-color names.
-
- 'show palette palette <n>' prints to the screen or to the file given
-by 'set print' a table of RGB triplets calculated for the current
-palette settings and a palette having <n> discrete colors. The default
-wide table can be limited to 3 columns of r,g,b float values [0..1] or
-integer values [0..255] by options float or int, respectively. This
-way, the current gnuplot color palette can be loaded into other imaging
-applications, for example Octave. Alternatively, the *note palette::
-command will plot the R,G,B profiles for the current palette and leave
-the profile values in a datablock $PALETTE.
-
- The following options determine the coloring properties.
-
- Figure using this palette can be *note gray:: or 'color'. For
-instance, in *note pm3d:: color surfaces the gray of each small spot is
-obtained by mapping the averaged z-coordinate of the 4 corners of
-surface quadrangles into the range [min_z,max_z] providing range of
-grays [0:1]. This value can be used directly as the gray for gray maps.
-The color map requires a transformation gray -> (R,G,B), i.e. a mapping
-[0:1] -> ([0:1],[0:1],[0:1]).
-
- Basically two different types of mappings can be used: Analytic
-formulae to convert gray to color, or discrete mapping tables which are
-interpolated. *note rgbformulae:: and *note functions:: use analytic
-formulae whereas *note defined:: and 'palette file' use interpolated
-tables. *note rgbformulae:: reduces the size of postscript output to a
-minimum.
-
- The command 'show palette fit2rgbformulae' finds the best matching
-*note rgbformulae:: for the current *note palette::. Naturally, it
-makes sense to use it for non-rgbformulae palettes. This command can be
-found useful mainly for external programs using the same rgbformulae
-definition of palettes as gnuplot, like zimg (
-http://zimg.sourceforge.net (http://zimg.sourceforge.net) ).
-
- *note gray:: switches to a gray only palette. *note rgbformulae::,
-*note defined::, 'set palette file' and *note functions:: switch to a
-color mapping. 'set palette color' is an easy way to switch back from
-the gray palette to the last color mapping.
-
- Automatic gamma correction via 'set palette gamma <gamma>' can be
-done for gray maps (*note gray::) and for the *note cubehelix:: color
-palette schemes. Gamma = 1 produces a linear ramp of intensity. See
-*note palette::.
-
- Many terminals support only discrete number of colors (e.g. 256
-colors in gif). After the default gnuplot linetype colors are
-allocated, the rest of the available colors are by default reserved for
-pm3d. Thus a multiplot using multiple palettes could fail because the
-first palette has used all the available color positions. You can
-mitigate this limitation by using 'set palette maxcolors <N>' with a
-reasonably small value of N. This option causes N discrete colors to be
-selected from a continuous palette sampled at equally spaced intervals.
-If you want unequal spacing of N discrete colors, use *note defined::
-instead of a single continuous palette.
-
- RGB color space might not be the most useful color space to work in.
-For that reason you may change the color space 'model' to one of 'RGB',
-'HSV', 'CMY'. Using color names for *note defined:: tables and a color
-space other than RGB will result in funny colors. All explanation have
-been written for RGB color space, so please note, that 'R' can be 'H' or
-'C', depending on the actual color space ('G' and 'B' accordingly).
-
- All values for all color spaces are limited to [0,1].
-
- RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue; CMY stands for Cyan, Magenta,
-Yellow; HSV stands for Hue, Saturation, Value. For more information on
-color models see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space
-(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space) Note: Earlier gnuplot
-versions accepted YIQ and XYZ color space models also, but the
-implementation was never complete or correct.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* rgbformulae::
-* defined::
-* functions__::
-* gray::
-* cubehelix::
-* file::
-* gamma_correction::
-* postscript::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rgbformulae, Next: defined, Prev: palette, Up:
palette
-
-3.29.67.1 rgbformulae
-.....................
-
-For *note rgbformulae:: three suitable mapping functions have to be
-chosen. This is done via 'rgbformulae <r>,<g>,<b>'. The available
-mapping functions are listed by *note rgbformulae::. Default is
-'7,5,15', some other examples are '3,11,6', '21,23,3' or '3,23,21'.
-Negative numbers, like '3,-11,-6', mean inverted color (i.e. 1-gray
-passed into the formula, see also 'positive' and 'negative' options
-below).
-
- Some nice schemes in RGB color space
- 7,5,15 ... traditional pm3d (black-blue-red-yellow)
- 3,11,6 ... green-red-violet
- 23,28,3 ... ocean (green-blue-white); try also all other permutations
- 21,22,23 ... hot (black-red-yellow-white)
- 30,31,32 ... color printable on gray (black-blue-violet-yellow-white)
- 33,13,10 ... rainbow (blue-green-yellow-red)
- 34,35,36 ... AFM hot (black-red-yellow-white)
-
-
- A full color palette in HSV color space
- 3,2,2 ... red-yellow-green-cyan-blue-magenta-red
-
-
- Please note that even if called *note rgbformulae:: the formulas
-might actually determine the <H>,<S>,<V> or <X>,<Y>,<Z> or ... color
-components as usual.
-
- Use 'positive' and 'negative' to invert the figure colors.
-
- Note that it is possible to find a set of the best matching
-rgbformulae for any other color scheme by the command
- show palette fit2rgbformulae
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: defined, Next: functions__, Prev: rgbformulae,
Up: palette
-
-3.29.67.2 defined
-.................
-
-Gray-to-rgb mapping can be manually set by use of *note defined::: A
-color gradient is defined and used to give the rgb values. Such a
-gradient is a piecewise linear mapping from gray values in [0,1] to the
-RGB space [0,1]x[0,1]x[0,1]. You must specify the gray values and the
-corresponding RGB values between which linear interpolation will be
-done.
-
- Syntax:
- set palette defined { ( <gray1> <color1> {, <grayN> <colorN>}... )
}
-
-
- <grayX> are gray values which are mapped to [0,1] and <colorX> are
-the corresponding rgb colors. The color can be specified in three
-different ways:
-
- <color> := { <r> <g> <b> | '<color-name>' | '#rrggbb' }
-
-
- Either by three numbers (each in [0,1]) for red, green and blue,
-separated by whitespace, or the name of the color in quotes or X style
-color specifiers also in quotes. You may freely mix the three types in
-a gradient definition, but the named color "red" will be something
-strange if RGB is not selected as color space. Use *note colornames::
-for a list of known color names.
-
- Please note, that even if written as <r>, this might actually be the
-<H> component in HSV color space depending on the selected color model.
-
- The <gray> values have to form an ascending sequence of real numbers;
-the sequence will be automatically rescaled to [0,1].
-
- *note defined:: (without a gradient definition in braces) switches to
-RGB color space and uses a preset full-spectrum color gradient. Use
-'show palette gradient' to display the gradient.
-
- Examples:
-
- To produce a gray palette (useless but instructive) use:
- set palette model RGB
- set palette defined ( 0 "black", 1 "white" )
-
-
- To produce a blue yellow red palette use (all equivalent):
- set palette defined ( 0 "blue", 1 "yellow", 2 "red" )
- set palette defined ( 0 0 0 1, 1 1 1 0, 2 1 0 0 )
- set palette defined ( 0 "#0000ff", 1 "#ffff00", 2 "#ff0000" )
-
-
- To produce some rainbow-like palette use:
- set palette defined ( 0 "blue", 3 "green", 6 "yellow", 10 "red" )
-
-
- Full color spectrum within HSV color space:
- set palette model HSV
- set palette defined ( 0 0 1 1, 1 1 1 1 )
- set palette defined ( 0 0 1 0, 1 0 1 1, 6 0.8333 1 1, 7 0.8333 0 1)
-
-
- Approximate the default palette used by MATLAB:
- set pal defined (1 '#00008f', 8 '#0000ff', 24 '#00ffff', \
- 40 '#ffff00', 56 '#ff0000', 64 '#800000')
-
-
- To produce a palette with only a few, equally-spaced colors:
- set palette model RGB maxcolors 4
- set palette defined ( 0 "yellow", 1 "red" )
-
-
- 'Traffic light' palette (non-smooth color jumps at gray = 1/3 and
-2/3).
- set palette model RGB
- set palette defined (0 "dark-green", 1 "green", \
- 1 "yellow", 2 "dark-yellow", \
- 2 "red", 3 "dark-red" )
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: functions__, Next: gray, Prev: defined, Up:
palette
-
-3.29.67.3 functions
-...................
-
-Use 'set palette functions <Rexpr>, <Gexpr>, <Bexpr>' to define three
-formulae for the R(gray), G(gray) and B(gray) mapping. The three
-formulae may depend on the variable *note gray:: which will take values
-in [0,1] and should also produce values in [0,1]. Please note that
-<Rexpr> might be a formula for the H-value if HSV color space has been
-chosen (same for all other formulae and color spaces).
-
- Examples:
-
- To produce a full color palette use:
- set palette model HSV functions gray, 1, 1
-
-
- A nice black to gold palette:
- set palette model RGB functions 1.1*gray**0.25, gray**0.75, 0
-
-
- A gamma-corrected black and white palette
- gamma = 2.2
- color(gray) = gray**(1./gamma)
- set palette model RGB functions color(gray), color(gray),
color(gray)
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gray, Next: cubehelix, Prev: functions__, Up:
palette
-
-3.29.67.4 gray
-..............
-
-*note gray:: switches to a grayscale palette shading from 0.0 = black to
-1.0 = white. 'set palette color' is an easy way to switch back from the
-gray palette to the last color mapping.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cubehelix, Next: file, Prev: gray, Up: palette
-
-3.29.67.5 cubehelix
-...................
-
-The "cubehelix" option defines a family of palettes in which color (hue)
-varies along the standard color wheel while at the same time the net
-intensity increases monotonically as the gray value goes from 0 to 1.
- D A Green (2011) http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5083
-
- 'start' defines the starting point along the color wheel in radians.
-'cycles' defines how many color wheel cycles span the palette range.
-Larger values of 'saturation' produce more saturated color; saturation >
-1 may lead to clipping of the individual RGB components and to intensity
-becoming non-monotonic. The palette is also affected by 'set palette
-gamma'. The default values are
- set palette cubehelix start 0.5 cycles -1.5 saturation 1
- set palette gamma 1.5
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: file, Next: gamma_correction, Prev: cubehelix,
Up: palette
-
-3.29.67.6 file
-..............
-
-'set palette file' is basically a 'set palette defined (<gradient>)'
-where <gradient> is read from a datafile. Either 4 columns (gray,R,G,B)
-or just three columns (R,G,B) have to be selected via the *note using::
-data file modifier. In the three column case, the line number will be
-used as gray. The gray range is automatically rescaled to [0,1]. The
-file is read as a normal data file, so all datafile modifiers can be
-used. Please note, that 'R' might actually be e.g. 'H' if HSV color
-space is selected.
-
- As usual <filename> may be ''-'' which means that the data follow the
-command inline and are terminated by a single 'e' on a line of its own.
-
- Use 'show palette gradient' to display the gradient.
-
- Examples:
-
- Read in a palette of RGB triples each in range [0,255]:
- set palette file 'some-palette' using ($1/255):($2/255):($3/255)
-
-
- Equidistant rainbow (blue-green-yellow-red) palette:
- set palette model RGB file "-"
- 0 0 1
- 0 1 0
- 1 1 0
- 1 0 0
- e
-
-
- Binary palette files are supported as well, see *note general::.
-Example: put 64 triplets of R,G,B doubles into file palette.bin and load
-it by
- set palette file "palette.bin" binary record=64 using 1:2:3
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gamma_correction, Next: postscript, Prev: file,
Up: palette
-
-3.29.67.7 gamma correction
-..........................
-
-For gray mappings gamma correction can be turned on by 'set palette
-gamma <gamma>'. <gamma> defaults to 1.5 which is quite suitable for
-most terminals.
-
- The gamma correction is applied to the cubehelix color palette
-family, but not to other palette coloring schemes. However, you may
-easily implement gamma correction for explicit color functions.
-
- Example:
- set palette model RGB
- set palette functions gray**0.64, gray**0.67, gray**0.70
-
-
- To use gamma correction with interpolated gradients specify
-intermediate gray values with appropriate colors. Instead of
-
- set palette defined ( 0 0 0 0, 1 1 1 1 )
-
-
- use e.g.
-
- set palette defined ( 0 0 0 0, 0.5 .73 .73 .73, 1 1 1 1 )
-
-
- or even more intermediate points until the linear interpolation fits
-the "gamma corrected" interpolation well enough.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: postscript, Prev: gamma_correction, Up: palette
-
-3.29.67.8 postscript
-....................
-
-In order to reduce the size of postscript files, the gray value and not
-all three calculated r,g,b values are written to the file. Therefore
-the analytical formulae are coded directly in the postscript language as
-a header just before the pm3d drawing, see /g and /cF definitions.
-Usually, it makes sense to write therein definitions of only the 3
-formulae used. But for multiplot or any other reason you may want to
-manually edit the transformations directly in the postscript file. This
-is the default option 'nops_allcF'. Using the option 'ps_allcF' writes
-postscript definitions of all formulae. This you may find interesting
-if you want to edit the postscript file in order to have different
-palettes for different surfaces in one graph. Well, you can achieve
-this functionality by *note multiplot:: with fixed *note origin:: and
-*note size::.
-
- If you are writing a pm3d surface to a postscript file, it may be
-possible to reduce the file size by up to 50% by the enclosed awk script
-'pm3dCompress.awk'. If the data lies on a rectangular grid, even
-greater compression may be possible using the script
-'pm3dConvertToImage.awk'. Usage:
- awk -f pm3dCompress.awk thefile.ps >smallerfile.ps
- awk -f pm3dConvertToImage.awk thefile.ps >smallerfile.ps
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pointintervalbox, Next: pointsize, Prev: palette,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.68 pointintervalbox
-------------------------
-
-The 'pointinterval' and 'pointnumber' properties of a line type are used
-only in plot style *note linespoints::. A negative value of
-pointinterval or pointnumber, e.g. -N, means that before the selected
-set of point symbols are drawn a box (actually circle) behind each point
-symbol is blanked out by filling with the background color. The command
-*note pointintervalbox:: controls the radius of this blanked-out region.
-It is a multiplier for the default radius, which is equal to the point
-size.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pointsize, Next: polar, Prev: pointintervalbox,
Up: set-show
-
-3.29.69 pointsize
------------------
-
-The *note pointsize:: command scales the size of the points used in
-plots.
-
- Syntax:
- set pointsize <multiplier>
- show pointsize
-
-
- The default is a multiplier of 1.0. Larger pointsizes may be useful
-to make points more visible in bitmapped graphics.
-
- The pointsize of a single plot may be changed on the 'plot' command.
-See *note with:: for details.
-
- Please note that the pointsize setting is not supported by all
-terminal types.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: polar, Next: print_, Prev: pointsize, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.70 polar
--------------
-
-The 'set polar' command changes the meaning of the plot from rectangular
-coordinates to polar coordinates.
-
- Syntax:
- set polar
- unset polar
- show polar
-
-
- In polar coordinates, the dummy variable (t) represents an angle
-theta. The default range of t is [0:2*pi], or [0:360] if degree units
-have been selected (see *note angles::).
-
- The command 'unset polar' changes the meaning of the plot back to the
-default rectangular coordinate system.
-
- The 'set polar' command is not supported for 'splot's. See the *note
-mapping:: command for similar functionality for 'splot's.
-
- While in polar coordinates the meaning of an expression in t is
-really r = f(t), where t is an angle of rotation. The trange controls
-the domain (the angle) of the function. The r, x and y ranges control
-the extent of the graph in the x and y directions. Each of these
-ranges, as well as the rrange, may be autoscaled or set explicitly. For
-details, see *note rrange:: and *note xrange::.
-
- Example:
- set polar
- plot t*sin(t)
- set trange [-2*pi:2*pi]
- set rrange [0:3]
- plot t*sin(t)
-
-
- The first 'plot' uses the default polar angular domain of 0 to 2*pi.
-The radius and the size of the graph are scaled automatically. The
-second 'plot' expands the domain, and restricts the size of the graph to
-the area within 3 units of the origin. This has the effect of limiting
-x and y to [-3:3].
-
- By default polar plots are oriented such that theta=0 is at the far
-right, with theta increasing counterclockwise. You can change both the
-origin and the sense explicitly. See *note theta::.
-
- You may want to 'set size square' to have 'gnuplot' try to make the
-aspect ratio equal to unity, so that circles look circular. Tic marks
-around the perimeter can be specified using *note ttics::. See also
-polar demos (polar.dem) (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/polar.html) and
-polar data plot (poldat.dem).
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/poldat.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: print_, Next: psdir, Prev: polar, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.71 print
--------------
-
-The 'set print' command redirects the output of the 'print' command to a
-file.
-
- Syntax:
- set print
- set print "-"
- set print "<filename>" [append]
- set print "|<shell_command>"
- set print $datablock [append]
-
-
- 'set print' with no parameters restores output to <STDERR>. The
-<filename> "-" means <STDOUT>. The 'append' flag causes the file to be
-opened in append mode. A <filename> starting with "|" is opened as a
-pipe to the <shell_command> on platforms that support piping.
-
- The destination for 'print' commands can also be a named data block.
-Data block names start with '$', see also 'inline data'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: psdir, Next: raxis, Prev: print_, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.72 psdir
--------------
-
-The 'set psdir <directory>' command controls the search path used by the
-postscript terminal to find prologue.ps and character encoding files.
-You can use this mechanism to switch between different sets of
-locally-customized prolog files. The search order is
- 1) The directory specified by *note psdir::, if any
- 2) The directory specified by environmental variable GNUPLOT_PS_DIR
- 3) A built-in header or one from the default system directory
- 4) Directories set by *note loadpath::
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: raxis, Next: rgbmax, Prev: psdir, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.73 raxis
--------------
-
-The commands *note raxis:: and *note raxis:: toggle whether the polar
-axis is drawn separately from grid lines and the x axis. If the minimum
-of the current rrange is non-zero (and not autoscaled), then a white
-circle is drawn at the center of the polar plot to indicate that the
-plot lines and axes do not reach 0. The axis line is drawn using the
-same line type as the plot border. See 'polar', *note rrange::, *note
-rtics::, *note rlabel::, 'set grid'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rgbmax, Next: rlabel, Prev: raxis, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.74 rgbmax
---------------
-
-Syntax:
- set rgbmax {1.0 | 255}
- unset rgbmax
-
- The red/green/blue color components of an rgbimage plot are by
-default interpreted as integers in the range [0:255]. 'set rgbmax 1.0'
-tells the program that data values used to generate the color components
-of a plot with *note rgbimage:: or *note rgbalpha:: are floating point
-values in the range [0:1]. *note rgbmax:: returns to the default
-integer range [0:255].
-
- Warning: This command is EXPERIMENTAL. Details may change. In
-particular, future gnuplot versions may implement rgbmax as a per-file
-or per-plot property rather than a global setting.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rlabel, Next: rmargin, Prev: rgbmax, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.75 rlabel
---------------
-
-This command places a label above the r axis. The label will be drawn
-whether or not the plot is in polar mode. See *note xlabel:: for
-additional keywords.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rmargin, Next: rrange, Prev: rlabel, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.76 rmargin
----------------
-
-The command *note rmargin:: sets the size of the right margin. Please
-see *note margin:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rrange, Next: rtics, Prev: rmargin, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.77 rrange
---------------
-
-The *note rrange:: command sets the range of the radial coordinate for a
-graph in polar mode. This has the effect of setting both xrange and
-yrange as well. The resulting xrange and yrange are both [-(rmax-rmin)
-: +(rmax-rmin)]. However if you later change the x or y range, for
-example by zooming, this does not change rrange, so data points continue
-to be clipped against rrange. Unlike other axes, autoscaling the raxis
-always results in rmin = 0. The 'reverse' autoscaling flag is ignored.
-Note: Setting a negative value for rmin may produce unexpected results.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: rtics, Next: samples, Prev: rrange, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.78 rtics
--------------
-
-The *note rtics:: command places tics along the polar axis. The tics
-and labels are drawn to the right of the origin. The 'mirror' keyword
-causes them to be drawn also to the left of the origin. See 'polar',
-'set xtics', and *note mxtics:: for discussion of keywords.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: samples, Next: size, Prev: rtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.79 samples
----------------
-
-The default sampling rate of functions, or for interpolating data, may
-be changed by the *note samples:: command. To change the sampling range
-for a particular plot, see *note sampling::.
-
- Syntax:
- set samples <samples_1> {,<samples_2>}
- show samples
-
-
- By default, sampling is set to 100 points. A higher sampling rate
-will produce more accurate plots, but will take longer. This parameter
-has no effect on data file plotting unless one of the
-interpolation/approximation options is used. See *note smooth:: re 2D
-data and *note cntrparam:: and *note dgrid3d:: re 3D data.
-
- When a 2D graph is being done, only the value of <samples_1> is
-relevant.
-
- When a surface plot is being done without the removal of hidden
-lines, the value of samples specifies the number of samples that are to
-be evaluated for the isolines. Each iso-v line will have <sample_1>
-samples and each iso-u line will have <sample_2> samples. If you only
-specify <samples_1>, <samples_2> will be set to the same value as
-<samples_1>. See also *note isosamples::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: size, Next: style, Prev: samples, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.80 size
-------------
-
-Syntax:
- set size {{no}square | ratio <r> | noratio} {<xscale>,<yscale>}
- show size
-
-
- The <xscale> and <yscale> values are scale factors for the size of
-the plot, which includes the graph, labels, and margins.
-
- Important note:
- In earlier versions of gnuplot, some terminal types used the values
from
- *note size:: to control also the size of the output canvas; others
did not.
- Almost all terminals now follow the following convention:
-
-
- 'set term <terminal_type> size <XX>, <YY>' controls the size of the
-output file, or 'canvas'. Please see individual terminal documentation
-for allowed values of the size parameters. By default, the plot will
-fill this canvas.
-
- 'set size <XX>, <YY>' scales the plot itself relative to the size of
-the canvas. Scale values less than 1 will cause the plot to not fill
-the entire canvas. Scale values larger than 1 will cause only a portion
-of the plot to fit on the canvas. Please be aware that setting scale
-values larger than 1 may cause problems on some terminal types.
-
- 'ratio' causes 'gnuplot' to try to create a graph with an aspect
-ratio of <r> (the ratio of the y-axis length to the x-axis length)
-within the portion of the plot specified by <xscale> and <yscale>.
-
- The meaning of a negative value for <r> is different. If <r>=-1,
-gnuplot tries to set the scales so that the unit has the same length on
-both the x and y axes. This is the 2D equivalent to the 3D command 'set
-view equal xy'. If <r>=-2, the unit on y has twice the length of the
-unit on x, and so on.
-
- The success of 'gnuplot' in producing the requested aspect ratio
-depends on the terminal selected. The graph area will be the largest
-rectangle of aspect ratio <r> that will fit into the specified portion
-of the output (leaving adequate margins, of course).
-
- 'set size square' is a synonym for 'set size ratio 1'.
-
- Both 'noratio' and 'nosquare' return the graph to the default aspect
-ratio of the terminal, but do not return <xscale> or <yscale> to their
-default values (1.0).
-
- 'ratio' and 'square' have no effect on 3D plots, but do affect 3D
-projections created using 'set view map'. See also 'set view equal',
-which forces the x and y axes of a 3D onto the same scale.
-
- Examples:
-
- To set the size so that the plot fills the available canvas:
- set size 1,1
-
-
- To make the graph half size and square use:
- set size square 0.5,0.5
-
-
- To make the graph twice as high as wide use:
- set size ratio 2
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: style, Next: surface, Prev: size, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.81 style
--------------
-
-Default plotting styles are chosen with the 'set style data' and 'set
-style function' commands. See *note with:: for information about how to
-override the default plotting style for individual functions and data
-sets. See 'plotting styles' or *note with:: for a complete list of
-styles.
-
- Syntax:
- set style function <style>
- set style data <style>
- show style function
- show style data
-
-
- Default styles for specific plotting elements may also be set.
-
- Syntax:
- set style arrow <n> <arrowstyle>
- set style boxplot <boxplot style options>
- set style circle radius <size> {clip|noclip}
- set style ellipse size <size> units {xy|xx|yy} {clip|noclip}
- set style fill <fillstyle>
- set style histogram <histogram style options>
- set style line <n> <linestyle>
- set style rectangle <object options> <linestyle> <fillstyle>
- set style textbox {opaque|transparent} {{no}border} {fillcolor}
-
-
-* Menu:
-
-* set_style_arrow::
-* boxplot_::
-* set_style_data::
-* set_style_fill::
-* set_style_function::
-* set_style_increment::
-* set_style_line::
-* set_style_circle::
-* set_style_rectangle::
-* set_style_ellipse::
-* set_style_textbox::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_arrow, Next: boxplot_, Prev: style,
Up: style
-
-3.29.81.1 set style arrow
-.........................
-
-Each terminal has a default set of arrow and point types, which can be
-seen by using the command *note test::. *note arrow:: defines a set of
-arrow types and widths and point types and sizes so that you can refer
-to them later by an index instead of repeating all the information at
-each invocation.
-
- Syntax:
- set style arrow <index> default
- set style arrow <index> {nohead | head | backhead | heads}
- {size <length>,<angle>{,<backangle>}
{fixed}}
- {filled | empty | nofilled | noborder}
- {front | back}
- { {linestyle | ls <line_style>}
- | {linetype | lt <line_type>}
- {linewidth | lw <line_width}
- {linecolor | lc <colorspec>}
- {dashtype | dt <dashtype>} }
- unset style arrow
- show style arrow
-
-
- <index> is an integer that identifies the arrowstyle.
-
- If 'default' is given all arrow style parameters are set to their
-default values.
-
- If the linestyle <index> already exists, only the given parameters
-are changed while all others are preserved. If not, all undefined
-values are set to the default values.
-
- Specifying 'nohead' produces arrows drawn without a head--a line
-segment. This gives you yet another way to draw a line segment on the
-plot. By default, arrows have one head. Specifying 'heads' draws arrow
-heads on both ends of the line.
-
- Head size can be controlled by 'size <length>,<angle>' or 'size
-<length>,<angle>,<backangle>', where '<length>' defines length of each
-branch of the arrow head and '<angle>' the angle (in degrees) they make
-with the arrow. '<Length>' is in x-axis units; this can be changed by
-'first', 'second', 'graph', 'screen', or 'character' before the
-<length>; see 'coordinates' for details.
-
- By default the size of the arrow head is reduced for very short
-arrows. This can be disabled using the 'fixed' keyword after the *note
-size:: command.
-
- '<backangle>' is the angle (in degrees) the back branches make with
-the arrow (in the same direction as '<angle>'). It is ignored if the
-style is 'nofilled'.
-
- Specifying 'filled' produces filled arrow heads with a border line
-around the arrow head. Specifying 'noborder' produces filled arrow
-heads with no border. In this case the tip of the arrow head lies
-exactly on the endpoint of the vector and the arrow head is slightly
-smaller overall. Dashed arrows should always use 'noborder', since a
-dashed border is ugly. Not all terminals support filled arrow heads.
-
- The line style may be selected from a user-defined list of line
-styles (see 'set style line') or may be defined here by providing values
-for '<line_type>' (an index from the default list of styles) and/or
-'<line_width>' (which is a multiplier for the default width).
-
- Note, however, that if a user-defined line style has been selected,
-its properties (type and width) cannot be altered merely by issuing
-another *note arrow:: command with the appropriate index and 'lt' or
-'lw'.
-
- If 'front' is given, the arrows are written on top of the graphed
-data. If 'back' is given (the default), the arrow is written underneath
-the graphed data. Using 'front' will prevent a arrow from being
-obscured by dense data.
-
- Examples:
-
- To draw an arrow without an arrow head and double width, use:
- set style arrow 1 nohead lw 2
- set arrow arrowstyle 1
-
-
- See also *note arrow:: for further examples.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: boxplot_, Next: set_style_data, Prev:
set_style_arrow, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.2 boxplot
-.................
-
-The *note boxplot:: command allows you to change the layout of plots
-created using the *note boxplot:: plot style.
-
- Syntax:
- set style boxplot {range <r> | fraction <f>}
- {{no}outliers} {pointtype <p>}
- {candlesticks | financebars}
- {medianlinewidth <width>}
- {separation <x>}
- {labels off | auto | x | x2}
- {sorted | unsorted}
-
-
- The box in the boxplot always spans the range of values from the
-first quartile to the third quartile of the data points. The limit of
-the whiskers that extend from the box can be controlled in two different
-ways. By default the whiskers extend from each end of the box for a
-range equal to 1.5 times the interquartile range (i.e. the vertical
-height of the box proper). Each whisker is truncated back toward the
-median so that it terminates at a y value belonging to some point in the
-data set. Since there may be no point whose value is exactly 1.5 times
-the interquartile distance, the whisker may be shorter than its nominal
-range. This default corresponds to
- set style boxplot range 1.5
-
-
- Alternatively, you can specify the fraction of the total number of
-points that the whiskers should span. In this case the range is
-extended symmetrically from the median value until it encompasses the
-requested fraction of the data set. Here again each whisker is
-constrained to end at a point in the data set. To span 95% of the
-points in the set
- set style boxplot fraction 0.95
-
-
- Any points that lie outside the range of the whiskers are considered
-outliers. By default these are drawn as individual circles (pointtype
-7). The option 'nooutliers' disables this.
-
- By default boxplots are drawn in a style similar to candlesticks, but
-you have the option of using instead a style similar to finance bars.
-
- A crossbar indicating the median is drawn using the same line type as
-box boundary. If you want a thicker line for the median
- set style boxplot medianlinewidth 2.0
-
- If you want no median line, set this to 0.
-
- If the using specification for a boxplot contains a fourth column,
-the values in that column will be interpreted as the discrete leveles of
-a factor variable. In this case more than one boxplots may be drawn, as
-many as the number of levels of the factor variable. These boxplots
-will be drawn next to each other, the distance between them is 1.0 by
-default (in x-axis units). This distance can be changed by the option
-'separation'.
-
- The *note labels:: option governs how and where these boxplots (each
-representing a part of the dataset) are labeled. By default the value
-of the factor is put as a tick label on the horizontal axis - x or x2,
-depending on which one is used for the plot itself. This setting
-corresponds to option 'labels auto'. The labels can be forced to use
-either of the x or x2 axes - options 'labels x' and 'labels x2',
-respectively -, or they can be turned off altogether with the option
-'labels off'.
-
- By default the boxplots corresponding to different levels of the
-factor variable are not sorted; they will be drawn in the same order the
-levels are encountered in the data file. This behavior corresponds to
-the 'unsorted' option. If the 'sorted' option is active, the levels are
-first sorted alphabetically, and the boxplots are drawn in the sorted
-order.
-
- The 'separation', *note labels::, 'sorted' and 'unsorted' option only
-have an effect if a fourth column is given the plot specification.
-
- See *note boxplot::, *note candlesticks::, *note financebars::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_data, Next: set_style_fill, Prev:
boxplot_, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.3 set style data
-........................
-
-The 'set style data' command changes the default plotting style for data
-plots.
-
- Syntax:
- set style data <plotting-style>
- show style data
-
-
- See 'plotting styles' for the choices. 'show style data' shows the
-current default data plotting style.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_fill, Next: set_style_function, Prev:
set_style_data, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.4 set style fill
-........................
-
-The 'set style fill' command is used to set the default style of the
-plot elements in plots with boxes, histograms, candlesticks and
-filledcurves. This default can be superseded by fillstyles attached to
-individual plots. See also 'set style rectangle'.
-
- Syntax:
- set style fill {empty
- | {transparent} solid {<density>}
- | {transparent} pattern {<n>}}
- {border {lt} {lc <colorspec>} | noborder}
-
-
- The default fillstyle is 'empty'.
-
- The 'solid' option causes filling with a solid color, if the terminal
-supports that. The <density> parameter specifies the intensity of the
-fill color. At a <density> of 0.0, the box is empty, at <density> of
-1.0, the inner area is of the same color as the current linetype. Some
-terminal types can vary the density continuously; others implement only
-a few levels of partial fill. If no <density> parameter is given, it
-defaults to 1.
-
- The 'pattern' option causes filling to be done with a fill pattern
-supplied by the terminal driver. The kind and number of available fill
-patterns depend on the terminal driver. If multiple datasets using
-filled boxes are plotted, the pattern cycles through all available
-pattern types, starting from pattern <n>, much as the line type cycles
-for multiple line plots.
-
- The 'empty' option causes filled boxes not to be filled. This is the
-default.
-
- Fill color ('fillcolor <colorspec>') is distinct from fill style.
-I.e. plot elements or objects can share a fillstyle while retaining
-separate colors. In most places where a fillstyle is accepted you can
-also specify a fill color. Fillcolor may be abbreviated 'fc'.
-Otherwise the fill color is take from the current linetype. Example:
-
- plot FOO with boxes fillstyle solid 1.0 fillcolor "cyan"
-
-
--- SET STYLE FILL BORDER --
-
- The bare keyword *note border:: causes the filled object to be
-surrounded by a solid line of the current linetype and color. You can
-change the color of this line by adding either a linetype or a
-linecolor. 'noborder' specifies that no bounding line is drawn.
-Examples:
- # Half-intensity fill, full intensity border in same color
- set style fill solid 0.5 border
- # Half-transparent fill, solid black border (linetype -1)
- set style fill transparent solid 0.5 border -1
- # Pattern fill in current color, border using color of linetype 5
- plot ... with boxes fillstyle pattern 2 border lt 5
- # Fill area in cyan, border in blue
- plot ... with boxes fillcolor "cyan" fs solid border linecolor "blue"
-
-
- Note: The border property of a fill style only affects plots drawn
-*note filledcurves:: in the default mode (closed curve).
-
--- SET STYLE FILL TRANSPARENT --
-
- Some terminals support the attribute 'transparent' for filled areas.
-In the case of transparent solid fill areas, the 'density' parameter is
-interpreted as an alpha value; that is, density 0 is fully transparent,
-density 1 is fully opaque. In the case of transparent pattern fill, the
-background of the pattern is either fully transparent or fully opaque.
-
- Note that there may be additional limitations on the creation or
-viewing of graphs containing transparent fill areas. For example, the
-png terminal can only use transparent fill if the "truecolor" option is
-set. Some pdf viewers may not correctly display the fill areas even if
-they are correctly described in the pdf file. Ghostscript/gv does not
-correctly display pattern-fill areas even though actual PostScript
-printers generally have no problem.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_function, Next: set_style_increment,
Prev: set_style_fill, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.5 set style function
-............................
-
-The 'set style function' command changes the default plotting style for
-function plots (e.g. lines, points, filledcurves). See 'plotting
-styles'.
-
- Syntax:
- set style function <plotting-style>
- show style function
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_increment, Next: set_style_line, Prev:
set_style_function, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.6 set style increment
-.............................
-
-'Note': This command has been deprecated. Instead please use the newer
-command 'set linetype', which redefines the linetypes themselves rather
-than searching for a suitable temporary line style to substitute. See
-'set linetype'
-
- Syntax:
- set style increment {default|userstyles}
- show style increment
-
-
- By default, successive plots within the same graph will use
-successive linetypes from the default set for the current terminal type.
-However, choosing 'set style increment user' allows you to step through
-the user-defined line styles rather than through the default linetypes.
-
- Example:
-
- set style line 1 lw 2 lc rgb "gold"
- set style line 2 lw 2 lc rgb "purple"
- set style line 4 lw 1 lc rgb "sea-green"
- set style increment user
-
-
- plot f1(x), f2(x), f3(x), f4(x)
-
-
- should plot functions f1, f2, f4 in your 3 newly defined line styles.
-If a user-defined line style is not found then the corresponding default
-linetype is used instead. E.g. in the example above, f3(x) will be
-plotted using the default linetype 3.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_line, Next: set_style_circle, Prev:
set_style_increment, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.7 set style line
-........................
-
-Each terminal has a default set of line and point types, which can be
-seen by using the command *note test::. 'set style line' defines a set
-of line types and widths and point types and sizes so that you can refer
-to them later by an index instead of repeating all the information at
-each invocation.
-
- Syntax:
- set style line <index> default
- set style line <index> {{linetype | lt} <line_type> | <colorspec>}
- {{linecolor | lc} <colorspec>}
- {{linewidth | lw} <line_width>}
- {{pointtype | pt} <point_type>}
- {{pointsize | ps} <point_size>}
- {{pointinterval | pi} <interval>}
- {{pointnumber | pn} <max_symbols>}
- {{dashtype | dt} <dashtype>}
- {palette}
- unset style line
- show style line
-
-
- 'default' sets all line style parameters to those of the linetype
-with that same index.
-
- If the linestyle <index> already exists, only the given parameters
-are changed while all others are preserved. If not, all undefined
-values are set to the default values.
-
- Line styles created by this mechanism do not replace the default
-linetype styles; both may be used. Line styles are temporary. They are
-lost whenever you execute a *note reset:: command. To redefine the
-linetype itself, please see 'set linetype'.
-
- The line and point types default to the index value. The exact
-symbol that is drawn for that index value may vary from one terminal
-type to another.
-
- The line width and point size are multipliers for the current
-terminal's default width and size (but note that <point_size> here is
-unaffected by the multiplier given by the command*note pointsize::).
-
- The 'pointinterval' controls the spacing between points in a plot
-drawn with style *note linespoints::. The default is 0 (every point is
-drawn). For example, 'set style line N pi 3' defines a linestyle that
-uses pointtype N, pointsize and linewidth equal to the current defaults
-for the terminal, and will draw every 3rd point in plots using *note
-linespoints::. A negative value for the interval is treated the same as
-a positive value, except that some terminals will try to interrupt the
-line where it passes through the point symbol.
-
- The 'pointnumber' property is similar to 'pointinterval' except that
-rather than plotting every Nth point it limits the total number of
-points to N.
-
- Not all terminals support the 'linewidth' and *note pointsize::
-features; if not supported, the option will be ignored.
-
- Terminal-independent colors may be assigned using either 'linecolor
-<colorspec>' or 'linetype <colorspec>', abbreviated 'lc' or 'lt'. This
-requires giving a RGB color triple, a known palette color name, a
-fractional index into the current palette, or a constant value from the
-current mapping of the palette onto cbrange. See 'colors', *note
-colorspec::, *note palette::, *note colornames::, *note cbrange::.
-
- 'set style line <n> linetype <lt>' will set both a terminal-dependent
-dot/dash pattern and color. The commands'set style line <n> linecolor
-<colorspec>' or 'set style line <n> linetype <colorspec>' will set a new
-line color while leaving the existing dot-dash pattern unchanged.
-
- In 3d mode ('splot' command), the special keyword *note palette:: is
-allowed as a shorthand for "linetype palette z". The color value
-corresponds to the z-value (elevation) of the splot, and varies smoothly
-along a line or surface.
-
- Examples: Suppose that the default lines for indices 1, 2, and 3 are
-red, green, and blue, respectively, and the default point shapes for the
-same indices are a square, a cross, and a triangle, respectively. Then
-
- set style line 1 lt 2 lw 2 pt 3 ps 0.5
-
-
- defines a new linestyle that is green and twice the default width and
-a new pointstyle that is a half-sized triangle. The commands
-
- set style function lines
- plot f(x) lt 3, g(x) ls 1
-
-
- will create a plot of f(x) using the default blue line and a plot of
-g(x) using the user-defined wide green line. Similarly the commands
-
- set style function linespoints
- plot p(x) lt 1 pt 3, q(x) ls 1
-
-
- will create a plot of p(x) using the default triangles connected by a
-red line and q(x) using small triangles connected by a green line.
-
- splot sin(sqrt(x*x+y*y))/sqrt(x*x+y*y) w l pal
-
-
- creates a surface plot using smooth colors according to *note
-palette::. Note, that this works only on some terminals. See also
-*note palette::, *note pm3d::.
-
- set style line 10 linetype 1 linecolor rgb "cyan"
-
-
- will assign linestyle 10 to be a solid cyan line on any terminal that
-supports rgb colors.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_circle, Next: set_style_rectangle,
Prev: set_style_line, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.8 set style circle
-..........................
-
-Syntax:
- set style circle {radius {graph|screen} <R>}
- {{no}wedge}
- {clip|noclip}
-
-
- This command sets the default radius used in plot style "with
-circles". It applies to data plots with only 2 columns of data (x,y)
-and to function plots. The default is "set style circle radius graph
-0.02". 'Nowedge' disables drawing of the two radii that connect the
-ends of an arc to the center. The default is 'wedge'. This parameter
-has no effect on full circles. 'Clip' clips the circle at the plot
-boundaries, 'noclip' disables this. Default is 'clip'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_rectangle, Next: set_style_ellipse,
Prev: set_style_circle, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.9 set style rectangle
-.............................
-
-Rectangles defined with the *note object:: command can have individual
-styles. However, if the object is not assigned a private style then it
-inherits a default that is taken from the *note rectangle:: command.
-
- Syntax:
- set style rectangle {front|back} {lw|linewidth <lw>}
- {fillcolor <colorspec>} {fs <fillstyle>}
-
-
- See *note colorspec:: and 'fillstyle'. 'fillcolor' may be
-abbreviated as 'fc'.
-
- Examples:
- set style rectangle back fc rgb "white" fs solid 1.0 border lt -1
- set style rectangle fc linsestyle 3 fs pattern 2 noborder
-
-
- The default values correspond to solid fill with the background color
-and a black border.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_ellipse, Next: set_style_textbox, Prev:
set_style_rectangle, Up: style
-
-3.29.81.10 set style ellipse
-............................
-
-Syntax:
- set style ellipse {units xx|xy|yy}
- {size {graph|screen} <a>, {{graph|screen} <b>}}
- {angle <angle>}
- {clip|noclip}
-
-
- This command governs whether the diameters of ellipses are
-interpreted in the same units or not. Default is 'xy', which means that
-the major diameter (first axis) of ellipses will be interpreted in the
-same units as the x (or x2) axis, while the minor (second) diameter in
-those of the y (or y2) axis. In this mode the ratio of the ellipse axes
-depends on the scales of the plot axes and aspect ratio of the plot.
-When set to 'xx' or 'yy', both axes of all ellipses will be interpreted
-in the same units. This means that the ratio of the axes of the plotted
-ellipses will be correct even after rotation, but either their vertical
-or horizontal extent will not be correct.
-
- This is a global setting that affects all ellipses, both those
-defined as objects and those generated with the 'plot' command, however,
-the value of 'units' can also be redefined on a per-plot and per-object
-basis.
-
- It is also possible to set a default size for ellipses with the *note
-size:: keyword. This default size applies to data plots with only 2
-columns of data (x,y) and to function plots. The two values are
-interpreted as the major and minor diameters (as opposed to semi-major
-and semi-minor axes) of the ellipse.
-
- The default is "set style ellipse size graph 0.05,0.03".
-
- Last, but not least it is possible to set the default orientation
-with the 'angle' keyword. The orientation, which is defined as the
-angle between the major axis of the ellipse and the plot's x axis, must
-be given in degrees.
-
- 'Clip' clips the ellipse at the plot boundaries, 'noclip' disables
-this. Default is 'clip'.
-
- For defining ellipse objects, see 'set object ellipse'; for the 2D
-plot style, see *note ellipses::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: set_style_textbox, Prev: set_style_ellipse, Up:
style
-
-3.29.81.11 set style textbox
-............................
-
-Syntax: set style textbox {opaque|transparent}
- {{no}border {<bordercolor>}}{linewidth <lw>}
- {fillcolor <color>}
- {margins <xmargin>,<ymargin>}
-
-
- This command controls the appearance of labels with the attribute
-'boxed'. Terminal types that do not support boxed text will ignore this
-style. Note: The current implementation is experimental; details may
-change. Implementation for some terminals (svg, latex) is incomplete.
-Most terminals cannot place a box correctly around rotated text.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: surface, Next: table, Prev: style, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.82 surface
----------------
-
-The *note surface:: command is only relevant for 3D plots ('splot').
-
- Syntax:
- set surface {implicit|explicit}
- unset surface
- show surface
-
-
- *note surface:: will cause 'splot' to not draw points or lines
-corresponding to any of the function or data file points. This is
-mainly useful for drawing only contour lines rather than the surface
-they were derived from. Contours may still be drawn on the surface,
-depending on the *note contour:: option. To turn off the surface for an
-individual function or data file while leaving others active, use the
-'nosurface' keyword in the 'splot' command. The combination 'unset
-surface; set contour base' is useful for displaying contours on the grid
-base. See also *note contour::.
-
- If a 3D data set is recognizable as a mesh (grid) then by default the
-program implicitly treats the plot style 'with lines' as requesting a
-gridded surface. See 'grid_data'. The command 'set surface explicit'
-suppresses this expansion, plotting only the individual lines described
-by separate blocks of data in the input file. A gridded surface can
-still be plotted by explicitly requesting splot *note surface::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: table, Next: terminal, Prev: surface, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.83 table
--------------
-
-When *note table:: mode is enabled, 'plot' and 'splot' commands print
-out a multicolumn text table of values
- X Y {Z} <flag>
-
- rather than creating an actual plot on the current terminal. The
-flag character is "i" if the point is in the active range, "o" if it is
-out-of-range, or "u" if it is undefined. The data format is determined
-by the format of the axis tickmarks (see 'set format'). Columns are by
-default separated by whitespace. See *note table:: for a description of
-how to write a table to a csv file. This can be useful if you want to
-generate contours and then save them for further use. The same method
-can be used to save interpolated data (see *note samples:: and *note
-dgrid3d::).
-
- Syntax:
- set table {"outfile" | $datablock} {append}
- {separator {space|tab|comma|"<char>"}
- plot <whatever>
- unset table
-
-
- Subsequent tabular output is written to "outfile", if specified,
-otherwise it is written to stdout or other current value of *note
-output::. If 'outfile' exists it will be replaced unless the 'append'
-keyword is given. Alternatively, tabular output can be redirected to a
-named data block. Data block names start with '$', see also 'inline
-data'. You must explicitly *note table:: in order to go back to normal
-plotting on the current terminal.
-
- The 'separator' character can be used to output csv (comma separated
-value) files. This mode only affects plot style *note table::. See
-*note table::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* plot_with_table::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: plot_with_table, Prev: table, Up: table
-
-3.29.83.1 plot with table
-.........................
-
-This discussion applies only to the special plot style *note table::.
-
- To avoid any style-dependent processing of the input data being
-tabulated (smoothing, errorbar expansion, secondary range checking,
-etc), or to increase the number of columns that can be tabulated, use
-the keyword "table" instead of a normal plot style. In this case the
-output does not contain an extra, last, column of flags 'i', 'o', 'u'
-indicated inrange/outrange/undefined. The destination for output must
-first be specified with 'set table <where>'. For example
-
- set table $DATABLOCK1
- plot <file> using 1:2:3:4:($5+$6):(func($7)):8:9:10 with table
-
-
- Because there is no actual plot style in this case the columns do not
-correspond to specific axes. Therefore xrange, yrange, etc are ignored.
-
- If a *note using:: term evaluates to a string, the string is
-tabulated. Numerical data is always written with format %g. If you
-want some other format use sprintf or gprintf to create a formatted
-string.
-
- plot <file> using ("File 1"):1:2:3 with table
- plot <file> using (sprintf("%4.2f",$1)) : (sprintf("%4.2f",$3)) with
table
-
-
- To create a csv file use
- set table "tab.csv" separator comma
- plot <foo> using 1:2:3:4 with table
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: terminal, Next: termoption, Prev: table, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.84 terminal
-----------------
-
-'gnuplot' supports many different graphics devices. Use *note
-terminal:: to tell 'gnuplot' what kind of output to generate. Use *note
-output:: to redirect that output to a file or device.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal {<terminal-type> | push | pop}
- show terminal
-
-
- If <terminal-type> is omitted, 'gnuplot' will list the available
-terminal types. <terminal-type> may be abbreviated.
-
- If both *note terminal:: and *note output:: are used together, it is
-safest to give *note terminal:: first, because some terminals set a flag
-which is needed in some operating systems.
-
- Some terminals have many additional options. The options used by a
-previous invocation 'set term <term> <options>' of a given '<term>' are
-remembered, thus subsequent 'set term <term>' does not reset them. This
-helps in printing, for instance, when switching among different
-terminals--previous options don't have to be repeated.
-
- The command 'set term push' remembers the current terminal including
-its settings while 'set term pop' restores it. This is equivalent to
-'save term' and 'load term', but without accessing the filesystem.
-Therefore they can be used to achieve platform independent restoring of
-the terminal after printing, for instance. After gnuplot's startup, the
-default terminal or that from 'startup' file is pushed automatically.
-Therefore portable scripts can rely that 'set term pop' restores the
-default terminal on a given platform unless another terminal has been
-pushed explicitly.
-
- For more information, see the 'complete list of terminals'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: termoption, Next: theta, Prev: terminal, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.85 termoption
-------------------
-
-The *note termoption:: command allows you to change the behaviour of the
-current terminal without requiring a new *note terminal:: command. Only
-one option can be changed per command, and only a small number of
-options can be changed this way. Currently the only options accepted
-are
-
- set termoption {no}enhanced
- set termoption font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"
- set termoption fontscale <scale>
- set termoption {linewidth <lw>}{lw <lw>}
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: theta, Next: tics, Prev: termoption, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.86 theta
--------------
-
-Polar coordinate plots are by default oriented such that theta = 0 is on
-the right side of the plot, with theta increasing as you proceed
-counterclockwise so that theta = 90 degrees is at the top. *note
-theta:: allows you to change the origin and direction of the polar
-angular coordinate theta.
- set theta {right|top|left|bottom}
- set theta {clockwise|cw|counterclockwise|ccw}
-
- *note theta:: restores the default state "set theta right ccw".
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tics, Next: ticslevel, Prev: theta, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.87 tics
-------------
-
-The 'set tics' command controls the tic marks and labels on all axes at
-once.
-
- The tics may be turned off with the 'unset tics' command, and may be
-turned on (the default state) with 'set tics'. Fine control of tics on
-individual axes is possible using the alternative commands 'set xtics',
-*note ztics::, etc.
-
- Syntax:
- set tics {axis | border} {{no}mirror}
- {in | out} {front | back}
- {{no}rotate {by <ang>}} {offset <offset> | nooffset}
- {left | right | center | autojustify}
- {format "formatstring"} {font "name{,<size>}"}
{{no}enhanced}
- { textcolor <colorspec> }
- set tics scale {default | <major> {,<minor>}}
- unset tics
- show tics
-
-
- The options can be applied to a single axis (x, y, z, x2, y2, cb),
-e.g.
- set xtics rotate by -90
- unset cbtics
-
-
- All tic marks are drawn using the same line properties as the plot
-border (see *note border::).
-
- Set tics 'back' or 'front' applies to all axes at once, but only for
-2D plots (not splot). It controls whether the tics are placed behind or
-in front of the plot elements, in the case that there is overlap.
-
- 'axis' or *note border:: tells 'gnuplot' to put the tics (both the
-tics themselves and the accompanying labels) along the axis or the
-border, respectively. If the axis is very close to the border, the
-'axis' option will move the tic labels to outside the border in case the
-border is printed (see *note border::). The relevant margin settings
-will usually be sized badly by the automatic layout algorithm in this
-case.
-
- 'mirror' tells 'gnuplot' to put unlabeled tics at the same positions
-on the opposite border. 'nomirror' does what you think it does.
-
- 'in' and 'out' change the tic marks to be drawn inwards or outwards.
-
- 'set tics scale' controls the size of the tic marks. The first value
-<major> controls the auto-generated or user-specified major tics (level
-0). The second value controls the auto-generated or user-specified
-minor tics (level 1). <major> defaults to 1.0, <minor> defaults to
-<major>/2. Additional values control the size of user-specified tics
-with level 2, 3, ... Default tic sizes are restored by 'set tics scale
-default'.
-
- 'rotate' asks 'gnuplot' to rotate the text through 90 degrees, which
-will be done if the terminal driver in use supports text rotation.
-'norotate' cancels this. 'rotate by <ang>' asks for rotation by <ang>
-degrees, supported by some terminal types.
-
- The defaults are 'border mirror norotate' for tics on the x and y
-axes, and 'border nomirror norotate' for tics on the x2 and y2 axes.
-For the z axis, the default is 'nomirror'.
-
- The <offset> is specified by either x,y or x,y,z, and may be preceded
-by 'first', 'second', 'graph', 'screen', or 'character' to select the
-coordinate system. <offset> is the offset of the tics texts from their
-default positions, while the default coordinate system is 'character'.
-See 'coordinates' for details. 'nooffset' switches off the offset.
-
- By default, tic labels are justified automatically depending on the
-axis and rotation angle to produce aesthetically pleasing results. If
-this is not desired, justification can be overridden with an explicit
-'left', 'right' or 'center' keyword. 'autojustify' restores the default
-behavior.
-
- 'set tics' with no options restores mirrored, inward-facing tic marks
-for the primary axes. All other settings are retained.
-
- See also 'set xtics' for more control of major (labeled) tic marks
-and *note mxtics:: for control of minor tic marks. These commands
-provide control of each axis independently.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ticslevel, Next: ticscale, Prev: tics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.88 ticslevel
------------------
-
-Deprecated. See *note xyplane::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ticscale, Next: timestamp, Prev: ticslevel, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.89 ticscale
-----------------
-
-The *note ticscale:: command is deprecated, use 'set tics scale'
-instead.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: timestamp, Next: timefmt, Prev: ticscale, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.90 timestamp
------------------
-
-The command *note timestamp:: places the current time and date in the
-plot margin.
-
- Syntax:
- set timestamp {"<format>"} {top|bottom} {{no}rotate}
- {offset <xoff>{,<yoff>}} {font "<fontspec>"}
- {textcolor <colorspec>}
- unset timestamp
- show timestamp
-
-
- The format string is used to write the date and time. Its default
-value is what asctime() uses: "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y" (weekday, month
-name, day of the month, hours, minutes, seconds, four-digit year). With
-'top' or 'bottom' you can place the timestamp along the top left or
-bottom left margin (default: bottom). 'rotate' writes the timestamp
-vertically. The constants <xoff> and <yoff> are offsets that let you
-adjust the position more finely. <font> is used to specify the font
-with which the time is to be written.
-
- The abbreviation 'time' may be used in place of *note timestamp::.
-
- Example:
- set timestamp "%d/%m/%y %H:%M" offset 80,-2 font "Helvetica"
-
-
- See *note timefmt:: for more information about time format strings.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: timefmt, Next: title_, Prev: timestamp, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.91 timefmt
----------------
-
-This command applies to timeseries where data are composed of
-dates/times. It has no meaning unless the command 'set *data time' is
-given also.
-
- Syntax:
- set timefmt "<format string>"
- show timefmt
-
-
- The string argument tells 'gnuplot' how to read timedata from the
-datafile. The valid formats are:
-
- Format Explanation
- %d day of the month, 1--31
- %m month of the year, 1--12
- %y year, 0--99
- %Y year, 4-digit
- %j day of the year, 1--365
- %H hour, 0--24
- %M minute, 0--60
- %s seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01, 00:00 UTC)
- %S second, integer 0--60 on output, (double) on input
- %b three-character abbreviation of the name of the month
- %B name of the month
-
-
- Any character is allowed in the string, but must match exactly. \t
-(tab) is recognized. Backslash-octals (\nnn) are converted to char. If
-there is no separating character between the time/date elements, then
-%d, %m, %y, %H, %M and %S read two digits each. If a decimal point
-immediately follows the field read by %S, the decimal and any following
-digits are interpreted as a fractional second. %Y reads four digits.
-%j reads three digits. %b requires three characters, and %B requires as
-many as it needs.
-
- Spaces are treated slightly differently. A space in the string
-stands for zero or more whitespace characters in the file. That is, "%H
-%M" can be used to read "1220" and "12 20" as well as "12 20".
-
- Each set of non-blank characters in the timedata counts as one column
-in the 'using n:n' specification. Thus '11:11 25/12/76 21.0' consists
-of three columns. To avoid confusion, 'gnuplot' requires that you
-provide a complete *note using:: specification if your file contains
-timedata.
-
- If the date format includes the day or month in words, the format
-string must exclude this text. But it can still be printed with the
-"%a", "%A", "%b", or "%B" specifier. 'gnuplot' will determine the
-proper month and weekday from the numerical values. See 'set format'
-for more details about these and other options for printing time data.
-
- When reading two-digit years with %y, values 69-99 refer to the 20th
-century, while values 00-68 refer to the 21st century. NB: This is in
-accordance with the UNIX98 spec, but conventions vary widely and
-two-digit year values are inherently ambiguous.
-
- See also *note xdata:: and 'time/date' for more information.
-
- Example:
- set timefmt "%d/%m/%Y\t%H:%M"
-
- tells 'gnuplot' to read date and time separated by tab. (But look
-closely at your data--what began as a tab may have been converted to
-spaces somewhere along the line; the format string must match what is
-actually in the file.) See also time data demo.
-(http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/timedat.html)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: title_, Next: tmargin, Prev: timefmt, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.92 title
--------------
-
-The *note title:: command produces a plot title that is centered at the
-top of the plot. *note title:: is a special case of 'set label'.
-
- Syntax:
- set title {"<title-text>"} {offset <offset>} {font
"<font>{,<size>}"}
- {{textcolor | tc} {<colorspec> | default}} {{no}enhanced}
- show title
-
-
- If <offset> is specified by either x,y or x,y,z the title is moved by
-the given offset. It may be preceded by 'first', 'second', 'graph',
-'screen', or 'character' to select the coordinate system. See
-'coordinates' for details. By default, the 'character' coordinate
-system is used. For example, "'set title offset 0,-1'" will change only
-the y offset of the title, moving the title down by roughly the height
-of one character. The size of a character depends on both the font and
-the terminal.
-
- <font> is used to specify the font with which the title is to be
-written; the units of the font <size> depend upon which terminal is
-used.
-
- 'textcolor <colorspec>' changes the color of the text. <colorspec>
-can be a linetype, an rgb color, or a palette mapping. See help for
-*note colorspec:: and *note palette::.
-
- 'noenhanced' requests that the title not be processed by the enhanced
-text mode parser, even if enhanced text mode is currently active.
-
- *note title:: with no parameters clears the title.
-
- See 'syntax' for details about the processing of backslash sequences
-and the distinction between single- and double-quotes.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tmargin, Next: trange, Prev: title_, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.93 tmargin
----------------
-
-The command *note tmargin:: sets the size of the top margin. Please see
-*note margin:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: trange, Next: ttics, Prev: tmargin, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.94 trange
---------------
-
-The *note trange:: command sets the parametric range used to compute x
-and y values when in parametric or polar modes. Please see *note
-xrange:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ttics, Next: urange, Prev: trange, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.95 ttics
--------------
-
-The *note ttics:: command places tics around the perimeter of a polar
-plot. This is the border if 'set border polar' is enabled, otherwise
-the outermost circle of the polar grid drawn at the rightmost ticmark
-along the r axis. See 'set grid', *note rtics::. The angular position
-is always labeled in degrees. The full perimeter can be labeled
-regardless of the current trange setting. The desired range of the tic
-labels should be given as shown below. Additional properties of the tic
-marks can be set. See 'xtics'.
-
- set ttics -180, 30, 180
- set ttics add ("Theta = 0" 0)
- set ttics font ":Italic" rotate
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: urange, Next: variables, Prev: ttics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.96 urange
---------------
-
-The *note urange:: and *note vrange:: commands set the parametric ranges
-used to compute x, y, and z values when in 'splot' parametric mode.
-Please see *note xrange:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: variables, Next: version, Prev: urange, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.97 variables
------------------
-
-The *note variables:: command lists the current value of user-defined
-and internal variables. Gnuplot internally defines variables whose
-names begin with GPVAL_, MOUSE_, FIT_, and TERM_.
-
- Syntax:
- show variables # show variables that do not begin with GPVAL_
- show variables all # show all variables including those beginning
GPVAL_
- show variables NAME # show only variables beginning with NAME
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: version, Next: view, Prev: variables, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.98 version
----------------
-
-The *note version:: command lists the version of gnuplot being run, its
-last modification date, the copyright holders, and email addresses for
-the FAQ, the gnuplot-info mailing list, and reporting bugs-in short, the
-information listed on the screen when the program is invoked
-interactively.
-
- Syntax:
- show version {long}
-
-
- When the 'long' option is given, it also lists the operating system,
-the compilation options used when 'gnuplot' was installed, the location
-of the help file, and (again) the useful email addresses.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: view, Next: vrange, Prev: version, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.99 view
-------------
-
-The *note view:: command sets the viewing angle for 'splot's. It
-controls how the 3D coordinates of the plot are mapped into the 2D
-screen space. It provides controls for both rotation and scaling of the
-plotted data, but supports orthographic projections only. It supports
-both 3D projection or orthogonal 2D projection into a 2D plot-like map.
-
- Syntax:
- set view <rot_x>{,{<rot_z>}{,{<scale>}{,<scale_z>}}}
- set view map {scale <scale>}
- set view {no}equal {xy|xyz}
- set view azimuth <angle>
- show view
-
-
- where <rot_x> and <rot_z> control the rotation angles (in degrees) in
-a virtual 3D coordinate system aligned with the screen such that
-initially (that is, before the rotations are performed) the screen
-horizontal axis is x, screen vertical axis is y, and the axis
-perpendicular to the screen is z. The first rotation applied is <rot_x>
-around the x axis. The second rotation applied is <rot_z> around the
-new z axis.
-
- Command 'set view map' is used to represent the drawing as a map. It
-is useful for *note contour:: plots or 2D heatmaps using pm3d mode
-rather than 'with image'. In the latter case, take care that you
-properly use *note zrange:: and *note cbrange:: for input data point
-filtering and color range scaling, respectively.
-
- <rot_x> is bounded to the [0:180] range with a default of 60 degrees,
-while <rot_z> is bounded to the [0:360] range with a default of 30
-degrees. <scale> controls the scaling of the entire 'splot', while
-<scale_z> scales the z axis only. Both scales default to 1.0.
-
- Examples:
- set view 60, 30, 1, 1
- set view ,,0.5
-
-
- The first sets all the four default values. The second changes only
-scale, to 0.5.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* azimuth::
-* equal_axes::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: azimuth, Next: equal_axes, Prev: view, Up: view
-
-3.29.99.1 azimuth
-.................
-
- set view azimuth <angle-in-degrees>
-
- The setting of azimuth affects the orientation of the z axis in a 3D
-graph (splot). At the default azimuth = 0 the z axis of the plot lies
-in the plane orthogonal to the screen horizontal. I.e. the projection
-of the z axis lies along the screen vertical. Non-zero azimuth rotates
-the plot about the line of sight through the origin so that a projection
-of the z axis is no longer vertical. When azimuth = 90 the z axis is
-horizontal rather than vertical.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: equal_axes, Prev: azimuth, Up: view
-
-3.29.99.2 equal_axes
-....................
-
-The command 'set view equal xy' forces the unit length of the x and y
-axes to be on the same scale, and chooses that scale so that the plot
-will fit on the page. The command 'set view equal xyz' additionally
-sets the z axis scale to match the x and y axes; however there is no
-guarantee that the current z axis range will fit within the plot
-boundary. By default all three axes are scaled independently to fill
-the available area.
-
- See also *note xyplane::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: vrange, Next: x2data, Prev: view, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.100 vrange
----------------
-
-The *note urange:: and *note vrange:: commands set the parametric ranges
-used to compute x, y, and z values when in 'splot' parametric mode.
-Please see *note xrange:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2data, Next: x2dtics, Prev: vrange, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.101 x2data
----------------
-
-The *note x2data:: command sets data on the x2 (top) axis to timeseries
-(dates/times). Please see *note xdata::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2dtics, Next: x2label, Prev: x2data, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.102 x2dtics
-----------------
-
-The *note x2dtics:: command changes tics on the x2 (top) axis to days of
-the week. Please see *note xdtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2label, Next: x2mtics, Prev: x2dtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.103 x2label
-----------------
-
-The *note x2label:: command sets the label for the x2 (top) axis.
-Please see *note xlabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2mtics, Next: x2range, Prev: x2label, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.104 x2mtics
-----------------
-
-The *note x2mtics:: command changes tics on the x2 (top) axis to months
-of the year. Please see *note xmtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2range, Next: x2tics, Prev: x2mtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.105 x2range
-----------------
-
-The *note x2range:: command sets the horizontal range that will be
-displayed on the x2 (top) axis. See *note xrange:: for the full set of
-command options. See also *note link::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2tics, Next: x2zeroaxis, Prev: x2range, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.106 x2tics
----------------
-
-The *note x2tics:: command controls major (labeled) tics on the x2 (top)
-axis. Please see 'set xtics' for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x2zeroaxis, Next: xdata, Prev: x2tics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.107 x2zeroaxis
--------------------
-
-The *note x2zeroaxis:: command draws a line at the origin of the x2
-(top) axis (y2 = 0). For details, please see *note zeroaxis::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xdata, Next: xdtics, Prev: x2zeroaxis, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.108 xdata
---------------
-
-This command controls interpretation of data on the x axis. An
-analogous command acts on each of the other axes.
-
- Syntax:
- set xdata time
- show xdata
-
-
- The same syntax applies to *note ydata::, *note zdata::, *note
-x2data::, *note y2data:: and *note cbdata::.
-
- The 'time' option signals that data represents a time/date in
-seconds. The current version of gnuplot stores time to a millisecond
-precision.
-
- If no option is specified, the data interpretation reverts to normal.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* time_::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: time_, Prev: xdata, Up: xdata
-
-3.29.108.1 time
-...............
-
-'set xdata time' indicates that the x coordinate represents a date or
-time to millisecond precision. There is an analogous command 'set ydata
-time'.
-
- There are separate format mechanisms for interpretation of time data
-on input and output. Input data is read from a file either by using the
-global *note timefmt:: or by using the function timecolumn() as part of
-the plot command. These input mechanisms also apply to using time
-values to set an axis range. See *note timefmt::, *note timecolumn::.
-
- Example:
-
- set xdata time
- set timefmt "%d-%b-%Y"
- set xrange ["01-Jan-2013" : "31-Dec-2014"]
- plot DATA using 1:2
-
- or
- plot DATA using (timecolumn(1,"%d-%b-%Y")):2
-
-
- For output, i.e. tick labels along that axis or coordinates output
-by mousing, the function 'strftime' (type "man strftime" on unix to look
-it up) is used to convert from the internal time in seconds to a string
-representation of a date. 'gnuplot' tries to figure out a reasonable
-format for this. You can customize the format using either 'set format
-x' or 'set xtics format'. See 'time_specifiers' for a special set of
-time format specifiers. See also 'time/date' for more information.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xdtics, Next: xlabel, Prev: xdata, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.109 xdtics
----------------
-
-The *note xdtics:: commands converts the x-axis tic marks to days of the
-week where 0=Sun and 6=Sat. Overflows are converted modulo 7 to dates.
-'set noxdtics' returns the labels to their default values. Similar
-commands do the same things for the other axes.
-
- Syntax:
- set xdtics
- unset xdtics
- show xdtics
-
-
- The same syntax applies to *note ydtics::, *note zdtics::, *note
-x2dtics::, *note y2dtics:: and *note cbdtics::.
-
- See also the 'set format' command.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xlabel, Next: xmtics, Prev: xdtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.110 xlabel
----------------
-
-The *note xlabel:: command sets the x axis label. Similar commands set
-labels on the other axes.
-
- Syntax:
- set xlabel {"<label>"} {offset <offset>} {font "<font>{,<size>}"}
- {textcolor <colorspec>} {{no}enhanced}
- {rotate by <degrees> | rotate parallel | norotate}
- show xlabel
-
-
- The same syntax applies to *note x2label::, *note ylabel::, *note
-y2label::, *note zlabel:: and *note cblabel::.
-
- If <offset> is specified by either x,y or x,y,z the label is moved by
-the given offset. It may be preceded by 'first', 'second', 'graph',
-'screen', or 'character' to select the coordinate system. See
-'coordinates' for details. By default, the 'character' coordinate
-system is used. For example, "'set xlabel offset -1,0'" will change
-only the x offset of the title, moving the label roughly one character
-width to the left. The size of a character depends on both the font and
-the terminal.
-
- <font> is used to specify the font in which the label is written; the
-units of the font <size> depend upon which terminal is used.
-
- 'noenhanced' requests that the label text not be processed by the
-enhanced text mode parser, even if enhanced text mode is currently
-active.
-
- To clear a label, put no options on the command line, e.g., "*note
-y2label::".
-
- The default positions of the axis labels are as follows:
-
- xlabel: The x-axis label is centered below the bottom of the plot.
-
- ylabel: The y-axis label is centered to the left of the plot,
-defaulting to either horizontal or vertical orientation depending on the
-terminal type.
-
- zlabel: The z-axis label is centered along the z axis and placed in
-the space above the grid level.
-
- cblabel: The color box axis label is centered along the box and
-placed below or to the right according to horizontal or vertical color
-box gradient.
-
- y2label: The y2-axis label is placed to the right of the y2 axis.
-The position is terminal-dependent in the same manner as is the y-axis
-label.
-
- x2label: The x2-axis label is placed above the plot but below the
-title. It is also possible to create an x2-axis label by using new-line
-characters to make a multi-line plot title, e.g.,
-
- set title "This is the title\n\nThis is the x2label"
-
-
- Note that double quotes must be used. The same font will be used for
-both lines, of course.
-
- The orientation (rotation angle) of the x, x2, y and y2 axis labels
-in 2D plots can be changed by specifying 'rotate by <degrees>'. The
-orientation of the x and y axis labels in 3D plots defaults to
-horizontal but can be changed to run parallel to the axis by specifying
-'rotate parallel'.
-
- If you are not satisfied with the default position of an axis label,
-use 'set label' instead-that command gives you much more control over
-where text is placed.
-
- Please see 'syntax' for further information about backslash
-processing and the difference between single- and double-quoted strings.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xmtics, Next: xrange, Prev: xlabel, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.111 xmtics
----------------
-
-The *note xmtics:: command converts the x-axis tic marks to months of
-the year where 1=Jan and 12=Dec. Overflows are converted modulo 12 to
-months. The tics are returned to their default labels by *note
-xmtics::. Similar commands perform the same duties for the other axes.
-
- Syntax:
- set xmtics
- unset xmtics
- show xmtics
-
-
- The same syntax applies to *note x2mtics::, *note ymtics::, *note
-y2mtics::, *note zmtics:: and *note cbmtics::.
-
- See also the 'set format' command.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xrange, Next: xtics, Prev: xmtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.112 xrange
----------------
-
-The *note xrange:: command sets the horizontal range that will be
-displayed. A similar command exists for each of the other axes, as well
-as for the polar radius r and the parametric variables t, u, and v.
-
- Syntax:
- set xrange [{{<min>}:{<max>}}] {{no}reverse} {{no}writeback}
{{no}extend}
- | restore
- show xrange
-
-
- where <min> and <max> terms are constants, expressions or an asterisk
-to set autoscaling. If the data are time/date, you must give the range
-as a quoted string according to the *note timefmt:: format. If <min> or
-<max> is omitted the current value will not be changed. See below for
-full autoscaling syntax. See also 'noextend'.
-
- The same syntax applies to *note yrange::, *note zrange::, *note
-x2range::, *note y2range::, *note cbrange::, *note rrange::, *note
-trange::, *note urange:: and *note vrange::.
-
- See *note link:: for options that link the ranges of x and x2, or y
-and y2.
-
- The 'reverse' option reverses the direction of an autoscaled axis.
-For example, if the data values range from 10 to 100, it will autoscale
-to the equivalent of set xrange [100:10]. The 'reverse' flag has no
-effect if the axis is not autoscaled. NB: This is a change introduced
-in version 4.7.
-
- Autoscaling: If <min> (the same applies for correspondingly to <max>)
-is an asterisk "*" autoscaling is turned on. The range in which
-autoscaling is being performed may be limited by a lower bound <lb> or
-an upper bound <ub> or both. The syntax is
- { <lb> < } * { < <ub> }
-
- For example,
- 0 < * < 200
-
- sets <lb> = 0 and <ub> = 200. With such a setting <min> would be
-autoscaled, but its final value will be between 0 and 200 (both
-inclusive despite the '<' sign). If no lower or upper bound is
-specified, the '<' to also be omitted. If <ub> is lower than <lb> the
-constraints will be turned off and full autoscaling will happen. This
-feature is useful to plot measured data with autoscaling but providing a
-limit on the range, to clip outliers, or to guarantee a minimum range
-that will be displayed even if the data would not need such a big range.
-
- The 'writeback' option essentially saves the range found by *note
-autoscale:: in the buffers that would be filled by *note xrange::. This
-is useful if you wish to plot several functions together but have the
-range determined by only some of them. The 'writeback' operation is
-performed during the 'plot' execution, so it must be specified before
-that command. To restore, the last saved horizontal range use 'set
-xrange restore'. For example,
-
- set xrange [-10:10]
- set yrange [] writeback
- plot sin(x)
- set yrange restore
- replot x/2
-
-
- results in a yrange of [-1:1] as found only from the range of sin(x);
-the [-5:5] range of x/2 is ignored. Executing *note yrange:: after each
-command in the above example should help you understand what is going
-on.
-
- In 2D, *note xrange:: and *note yrange:: determine the extent of the
-axes, *note trange:: determines the range of the parametric variable in
-parametric mode or the range of the angle in polar mode. Similarly in
-parametric 3D, *note xrange::, *note yrange::, and *note zrange:: govern
-the axes and *note urange:: and *note vrange:: govern the parametric
-variables.
-
- In polar mode, *note rrange:: determines the radial range plotted.
-<rmin> acts as an additive constant to the radius, whereas <rmax> acts
-as a clip to the radius--no point with radius greater than <rmax> will
-be plotted. *note xrange:: and *note yrange:: are affected--the ranges
-can be set as if the graph was of r(t)-rmin, with rmin added to all the
-labels.
-
- Any range may be partially or totally autoscaled, although it may not
-make sense to autoscale a parametric variable unless it is plotted with
-data.
-
- Ranges may also be specified on the 'plot' command line. A range
-given on the plot line will be used for that single 'plot' command; a
-range given by a 'set' command will be used for all subsequent plots
-that do not specify their own ranges. The same holds true for 'splot'.
-
- Examples:
-
- To set the xrange to the default:
- set xrange [-10:10]
-
-
- To set the yrange to increase downwards:
- set yrange [10:-10]
-
-
- To change zmax to 10 without affecting zmin (which may still be
-autoscaled):
- set zrange [:10]
-
-
- To autoscale xmin while leaving xmax unchanged:
- set xrange [*:]
-
-
- To autoscale xmin but keeping xmin positive:
- set xrange [0<*:]
-
-
- To autoscale x but keep minimum range of 10 to 50 (actual might be
-larger):
- set xrange [*<10:50<*]
-
-
- Autoscaling but limit maximum xrange to -1000 to 1000, i.e.
-autoscaling within [-1000:1000]
- set xrange [-1000<*:*<1000]
-
-
- Make sure xmin is somewhere between -200 and 100:
- set xrange [-200<*<100:]
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xtics, Next: xyplane, Prev: xrange, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.113 xtics
---------------
-
-Fine control of the major (labeled) tics on the x axis is possible with
-the 'set xtics' command. The tics may be turned off with the 'unset
-xtics' command, and may be turned on (the default state) with 'set
-xtics'. Similar commands control the major tics on the y, z, x2 and y2
-axes.
-
- Syntax:
- set xtics {axis | border} {{no}mirror}
- {in | out} {scale {default | <major> {,<minor>}}}
- {{no}rotate {by <ang>}} {offset <offset> | nooffset}
- {left | right | center | autojustify}
- {add}
- { autofreq
- | <incr>
- | <start>, <incr> {,<end>}
- | ({"<label>"} <pos> {<level>} {,{"<label>"}...) }
- {format "formatstring"} {font "name{,<size>}"}
{{no}enhanced}
- { numeric | timedate | geographic }
- {{no}logscale}
- { rangelimited }
- { textcolor <colorspec> }
- unset xtics
- show xtics
-
-
- The same syntax applies to *note ytics::, *note ztics::, *note
-x2tics::, *note y2tics:: and *note cbtics::.
-
- 'axis' or *note border:: tells 'gnuplot' to put the tics (both the
-tics themselves and the accompanying labels) along the axis or the
-border, respectively. If the axis is very close to the border, the
-'axis' option will move the tic labels to outside the border. The
-relevant margin settings will usually be sized badly by the automatic
-layout algorithm in this case.
-
- 'mirror' tells 'gnuplot' to put unlabeled tics at the same positions
-on the opposite border. 'nomirror' does what you think it does.
-
- 'in' and 'out' change the tic marks to be drawn inwards or outwards.
-
- With 'scale', the size of the tic marks can be adjusted. If <minor>
-is not specified, it is 0.5*<major>. The default size 1.0 for major
-tics and 0.5 for minor tics is requested by 'scale default'.
-
- 'rotate' asks 'gnuplot' to rotate the text through 90 degrees, which
-will be done if the terminal driver in use supports text rotation.
-'norotate' cancels this. 'rotate by <ang>' asks for rotation by <ang>
-degrees, supported by some terminal types.
-
- The defaults are 'border mirror norotate' for tics on the x and y
-axes, and 'border nomirror norotate' for tics on the x2 and y2 axes.
-For the z axis, the '{axis | border}' option is not available and the
-default is 'nomirror'. If you do want to mirror the z-axis tics, you
-might want to create a bit more room for them with *note border::.
-
- The <offset> is specified by either x,y or x,y,z, and may be preceded
-by 'first', 'second', 'graph', 'screen', or 'character' to select the
-coordinate system. <offset> is the offset of the tics texts from their
-default positions, while the default coordinate system is 'character'.
-See 'coordinates' for details. 'nooffset' switches off the offset.
-
- Example:
-
- Move xtics more closely to the plot.
- set xtics offset 0,graph 0.05
-
-
- By default, tic labels are justified automatically depending on the
-axis and rotation angle to produce aesthetically pleasing results. If
-this is not desired, justification can be overridden with an explicit
-'left', 'right' or 'center' keyword. 'autojustify' restores the default
-behavior.
-
- 'set xtics' with no options restores the default border or axis if
-xtics are being displayed; otherwise it has no effect. Any previously
-specified tic frequency or position {and labels} are retained.
-
- Tic positions are calculated automatically by default or if the
-'autofreq' option is given.
-
- A series of tic positions can be specified by giving either a tic
-interval alone, or a start point, interval, and end point (see 'xtics
-series').
-
- Individual tic positions can be specified individually by providing
-an eplicit list of positions, where each position may have an associated
-text label. See 'xtics list'.
-
- However they are specified, tics will only be plotted when in range.
-
- Format (or omission) of the tic labels is controlled by 'set format',
-unless the explicit text of a label is included in the 'set xtics
-("<label>")' form.
-
- Minor (unlabeled) tics can be added automatically by the *note
-mxtics:: command, or at explicit positions by the 'set xtics ("" <pos>
-1, ...)' form.
-
- The appearance of the tics (line style, line width etc.) is
-determined by the border line (see *note border::), even if the tics are
-drawn at the axes.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* xtics_series::
-* xtics_list::
-* xtics_timedata::
-* geographic::
-* xtics_logscale::
-* xtics_rangelimited::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xtics_series, Next: xtics_list, Prev: xtics, Up:
xtics
-
-3.29.113.1 xtics series
-.......................
-
-Syntax
- set xtics <incr>
- set xtics <start>, <incr>, <end>
-
- The implicit <start>, <incr>, <end> form specifies that a series of
-tics will be plotted on the axis between the values <start> and <end>
-with an increment of <incr>. If <end> is not given, it is assumed to be
-infinity. The increment may be negative. If neither <start> nor <end>
-is given, <start> is assumed to be negative infinity, <end> is assumed
-to be positive infinity, and the tics will be drawn at integral
-multiples of <incr>. If the axis is logarithmic, the increment will be
-used as a multiplicative factor.
-
- If you specify to a negative <start> or <incr> after a numerical
-value (e.g., 'rotate by <angle>' or 'offset <offset>'), the parser fails
-because it subtracts <start> or <incr> from that value. As a
-workaround, specify '0-<start>' resp. '0-<incr>' in that case.
-
- Example:
- set xtics border offset 0,0.5 -5,1,5
-
- Fails with 'invalid expression' at the last comma.
- set xtics border offset 0,0.5 0-5,1,5
-
- or
- set xtics offset 0,0.5 border -5,1,5
-
- Sets tics at the border, tics text with an offset of 0,0.5
-characters, and sets the start, increment, and end to -5, 1, and 5, as
-requested.
-
- The 'set grid' options 'front', 'back' and 'layerdefault' affect the
-drawing order of the xtics, too.
-
- Examples:
-
- Make tics at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, ..., 9.5, 10.
- set xtics 0,.5,10
-
-
- Make tics at ..., -10, -5, 0, 5, 10, ...
- set xtics 5
-
-
- Make tics at 1, 100, 1e4, 1e6, 1e8.
- set logscale x; set xtics 1,100,1e8
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xtics_list, Next: xtics_timedata, Prev:
xtics_series, Up: xtics
-
-3.29.113.2 xtics list
-.....................
-
-Syntax
- set xtics {add} ("label1" <pos1> <level1>, "label2" <pos2> <level2>,
...)
-
-
- The explicit ("label" <pos> <level>, ...) form allows arbitrary tic
-positions or non-numeric tic labels. In this form, the tics do not need
-to be listed in numerical order. Each tic has a position, optionally
-with a label.
-
- The label is a string enclosed by quotes or a string-valued
-expression. It may contain formatting information for converting the
-position into its label, such as "%3f clients", or it may be the empty
-string "". See 'set format' for more information. If no string is
-given, the default label (numerical) is used.
-
- An explicit tic mark has a third parameter, the level. The default
-is level 0, a major tic. Level 1 generates a minor tic. Labels are
-never printed for minor tics. Major and minor tics may be
-auto-generated by the program or specified explicitly by the user. Tics
-with level 2 and higher must be explicitly specified by the user, and
-take priority over auto-generated tics. The size of tics marks at each
-level is controlled by the command 'set tics scale'.
-
- Examples:
- set xtics ("low" 0, "medium" 50, "high" 100)
- set xtics (1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024)
- set ytics ("bottom" 0, "" 10, "top" 20)
- set ytics ("bottom" 0, "" 10 1, "top" 20)
-
-
- In the second example, all tics are labeled. In the third, only the
-end tics are labeled. In the fourth, the unlabeled tic is a minor tic.
-
- Normally if explicit tics are given, they are used instead of
-auto-generated tics. Conversely if you specify 'set xtics auto' or the
-like it will erase any previously specified explicit tics. You can mix
-explicit and auto- generated tics by using the keyword 'add', which must
-appear before the tic style being added.
-
- Example:
- set xtics 0,.5,10
- set xtics add ("Pi" 3.14159)
-
-
- This will automatically generate tic marks every 0.5 along x, but
-will also add an explicit labeled tic mark at pi.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xtics_timedata, Next: geographic, Prev:
xtics_list, Up: xtics
-
-3.29.113.3 xtics timedata
-.........................
-
-Times and dates are stored internally as a number of seconds.
-
- Input: Non-numeric time and date values are converted to seconds on
-input using the format specifier in *note timefmt::. Axis positions and
-range limits also may be given as quoted dates or times interpreted
-using *note timefmt::. If the <start>, <incr>, <end> form is used,
-<incr> must be in seconds. Use of *note timefmt:: to interpret input
-data, range, and tic positions is triggered by 'set xdata time'.
-
- Output: Axis tic labels are generated using a separate format
-specified either by 'set format' or 'set xtics format'. By default the
-usual numeric format specifiers are expected ('set xtics numeric').
-Other options are geographic coordinates (*note geographic::), or times
-or dates ('set xtics time').
-
- Note: For backward compatibility with earlier gnuplot versions, the
-command 'set xdata time' will implicitly also do 'set xtics time', and
-*note xdata:: or *note xdata:: will implicitly reset to 'set xtics
-numeric'. However you can change this with a later call to 'set xtics'.
-
- Examples:
- set xdata time # controls interpretation of input data
- set timefmt "%d/%m" # format used to read input data
- set xtics timedate # controls interpretation of output format
- set xtics format "%b %d" # format used for tic labels
- set xrange ["01/12":"06/12"]
- set xtics "01/12", 172800, "05/12"
-
-
- set xdata time
- set timefmt "%d/%m"
- set xtics format "%b %d" time
- set xrange ["01/12":"06/12"]
- set xtics ("01/12", "" "03/12", "05/12")
-
- Both of these will produce tics "Dec 1", "Dec 3", and "Dec 5", but in
-the second example the tic at "Dec 3" will be unlabeled.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: geographic, Next: xtics_logscale, Prev:
xtics_timedata, Up: xtics
-
-3.29.113.4 geographic
-.....................
-
-*note geographic:: indicates that x-axis values are to be interpreted as
-a geographic coordinate measured in degrees. Use 'set xtics format' or
-'set format x' to specify the appearance of the axis tick labels. The
-format specifiers for geographic data are as follows:
- %D = integer degrees
- %<width.precision>d = floating point degrees
- %M = integer minutes
- %<width.precision>m = floating point minutes
- %S = integer seconds
- %<width.precision>s = floating point seconds
- %E = label with E/W instead of +/-
- %N = label with N/S instead of +/-
-
- For example, the command 'set format x "%Ddeg %5.2mmin %E"' will
-cause x coordinate -1.51 to be labeled as '" 1deg 30.60min W"'.
-
- If the xtics are left in the default state ('set xtics numeric') the
-coordinate will be reported as a decimal number of degrees, and 'format'
-will be assumed to contain normal numeric format specifiers rather than
-the special set above.
-
- To output degrees/minutes/seconds in a context other than axis tics,
-such as placing labels on a map, you can use the relative time format
-specifiers %tH %tM %tS for strptime. See 'time_specifiers', *note
-strptime::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xtics_logscale, Next: xtics_rangelimited, Prev:
geographic, Up: xtics
-
-3.29.113.5 xtics logscale
-.........................
-
-If the *note logscale:: attribute is set for a tic series along a
-log-scaled axis, the tic interval is interpreted as a multiplicative
-factor rather than a constant. For example:
- # generate a series of tics at y=20 y=200 y=2000 y=20000
- set log y
- set ytics 20, 10, 50000 logscale
-
- Note that no tic is placed at y=50000 because it is not in the series
-2*10^x. If the logscale property is disabled, the tic increment will be
-treated as an additive constant even for a log-scaled axis. For
-example:
- # generate a series of tics at y=20 y=40 y=60 ... y=200
- set log y
- set yrange [20:200]
- set ytics 20 nologscale
-
- The *note logscale:: attribute is set automatically by the 'set log'
-command, so normally you do not need this keyword unless you want to
-force a constant tic interval as in the second example above.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xtics_rangelimited, Prev: xtics_logscale, Up:
xtics
-
-3.29.113.6 xtics rangelimited
-.............................
-
-This option limits both the auto-generated axis tic labels and the
-corresponding plot border to the range of values actually present in the
-data that has been plotted. Note that this is independent of the
-current range limits for the plot. For example, suppose that the data
-in "file.dat" all lies in the range 2 < y < 4. Then the following
-commands will create a plot for which the left-hand plot border (y axis)
-is drawn for only this portion of the total y range, and only the axis
-tics in this region are generated. I.e., the plot will be scaled to the
-full range on y, but there will be a gap between 0 and 2 on the left
-border and another gap between 4 and 10. This style is sometimes
-referred to as a 'range-frame' graph.
- set border 3
- set yrange [0:10]
- set ytics nomirror rangelimited
- plot "file.dat"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xyplane, Next: xzeroaxis, Prev: xtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.114 xyplane
-----------------
-
-The *note xyplane:: command adjusts the position at which the xy plane
-is drawn in a 3D plot. The synonym "set ticslevel" is accepted for
-backwards compatibility.
-
- Syntax:
- set xyplane at <zvalue>
- set xyplane relative <frac>
- set ticslevel <frac> # equivalent to set xyplane relative
- show xyplane
-
-
- The form 'set xyplane relative <frac>' places the xy plane below the
-range in Z, where the distance from the xy plane to Zmin is given as a
-fraction of the total range in z. The default value is 0.5. Negative
-values are permitted, but tic labels on the three axes may overlap.
-
- The alternative form 'set xyplane at <zvalue>' fixes the placement of
-the xy plane at a specific Z value regardless of the current z range.
-Thus to force the x, y, and z axes to meet at a common origin one would
-specify 'set xyplane at 0'.
-
- See also *note view::, and *note zeroaxis::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xzeroaxis, Next: y2data, Prev: xyplane, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.115 xzeroaxis
-------------------
-
-The *note xzeroaxis:: command draws a line at y = 0. For details,
-please see *note zeroaxis::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2data, Next: y2dtics, Prev: xzeroaxis, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.116 y2data
----------------
-
-The *note y2data:: command sets y2 (right-hand) axis data to timeseries
-(dates/times). Please see *note xdata::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2dtics, Next: y2label, Prev: y2data, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.117 y2dtics
-----------------
-
-The *note y2dtics:: command changes tics on the y2 (right-hand) axis to
-days of the week. Please see *note xdtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2label, Next: y2mtics, Prev: y2dtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.118 y2label
-----------------
-
-The *note y2label:: command sets the label for the y2 (right-hand) axis.
-Please see *note xlabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2mtics, Next: y2range, Prev: y2label, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.119 y2mtics
-----------------
-
-The *note y2mtics:: command changes tics on the y2 (right-hand) axis to
-months of the year. Please see *note xmtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2range, Next: y2tics, Prev: y2mtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.120 y2range
-----------------
-
-The *note y2range:: command sets the vertical range that will be
-displayed on the y2 (right) axis. See *note xrange:: for the full set
-of command options. See also *note link::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2tics, Next: y2zeroaxis, Prev: y2range, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.121 y2tics
----------------
-
-The *note y2tics:: command controls major (labeled) tics on the y2
-(right-hand) axis. Please see 'set xtics' for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: y2zeroaxis, Next: ydata, Prev: y2tics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.122 y2zeroaxis
--------------------
-
-The *note y2zeroaxis:: command draws a line at the origin of the y2
-(right-hand) axis (x2 = 0). For details, please see *note zeroaxis::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ydata, Next: ydtics, Prev: y2zeroaxis, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.123 ydata
---------------
-
-The *note ydata:: commands sets y-axis data to timeseries (dates/times).
-Please see *note xdata::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ydtics, Next: ylabel, Prev: ydata, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.124 ydtics
----------------
-
-The *note ydtics:: command changes tics on the y axis to days of the
-week. Please see *note xdtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ylabel, Next: ymtics, Prev: ydtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.125 ylabel
----------------
-
-This command sets the label for the y axis. Please see *note xlabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ymtics, Next: yrange, Prev: ylabel, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.126 ymtics
----------------
-
-The *note ymtics:: command changes tics on the y axis to months of the
-year. Please see *note xmtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: yrange, Next: ytics, Prev: ymtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.127 yrange
----------------
-
-The *note yrange:: command sets the vertical range that will be
-displayed on the y axis. Please see *note xrange:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ytics, Next: yzeroaxis, Prev: yrange, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.128 ytics
---------------
-
-The *note ytics:: command controls major (labeled) tics on the y axis.
-Please see 'set xtics' for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: yzeroaxis, Next: zdata, Prev: ytics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.129 yzeroaxis
-------------------
-
-The *note yzeroaxis:: command draws a line at x = 0. For details,
-please see *note zeroaxis::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zdata, Next: zdtics, Prev: yzeroaxis, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.130 zdata
---------------
-
-The *note zdata:: command sets zaxis data to timeseries (dates/times).
-Please see *note xdata::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zdtics, Next: zzeroaxis, Prev: zdata, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.131 zdtics
----------------
-
-The *note zdtics:: command changes tics on the z axis to days of the
-week. Please see *note xdtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zzeroaxis, Next: cbdata, Prev: zdtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.132 zzeroaxis
-------------------
-
-The *note zzeroaxis:: command draws a line through (x=0,y=0). This has
-no effect on 2D plots, including splot with 'set view map'. For
-details, please see *note zeroaxis:: and *note xyplane::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cbdata, Next: cbdtics, Prev: zzeroaxis, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.133 cbdata
----------------
-
-Set color box axis data to timeseries (dates/times). Please see *note
-xdata::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cbdtics, Next: zero, Prev: cbdata, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.134 cbdtics
-----------------
-
-The *note cbdtics:: command changes tics on the color box axis to days
-of the week. Please see *note xdtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zero, Next: zeroaxis, Prev: cbdtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.135 zero
--------------
-
-The 'zero' value is the default threshold for values approaching 0.0.
-
- Syntax:
- set zero <expression>
- show zero
-
-
- 'gnuplot' will not plot a point if its imaginary part is greater in
-magnitude than the 'zero' threshold. This threshold is also used in
-various other parts of 'gnuplot' as a (crude) numerical-error threshold.
-The default 'zero' value is 1e-8. 'zero' values larger than 1e-3 (the
-reciprocal of the number of pixels in a typical bitmap display) should
-probably be avoided, but it is not unreasonable to set 'zero' to 0.0.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zeroaxis, Next: zlabel, Prev: zero, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.136 zeroaxis
------------------
-
-The x axis may be drawn by *note xzeroaxis:: and removed by *note
-xzeroaxis::. Similar commands behave similarly for the y, x2, y2, and z
-axes. 'set zeroaxis ...' (no prefix) acts on the x, y, and z axes
-jointly.
-
- Syntax:
- set {x|x2|y|y2|z}zeroaxis { {linestyle | ls <line_style>}
- | {linetype | lt <line_type>}
- {linewidth | lw <line_width>}
- {linecolor | lc <colorspec>}
- {dashtype | dt <dashtype>} }
- unset {x|x2|y|y2|z}zeroaxis
- show {x|y|z}zeroaxis
-
-
- By default, these options are off. The selected zero axis is drawn
-with a line of type <line_type>, width <line_width>, color <colorspec>,
-and dash type <dashtype> (if supported by the terminal driver currently
-in use), or a user-defined style <line_style> (see 'set style line').
-
- If no linetype is specified, any zero axes selected will be drawn
-using the axis linetype (linetype 0).
-
- Examples:
-
- To simply have the y=0 axis drawn visibly:
-
- set xzeroaxis
-
-
- If you want a thick line in a different color or pattern, instead:
-
- set xzeroaxis linetype 3 linewidth 2.5
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zlabel, Next: zmtics, Prev: zeroaxis, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.137 zlabel
----------------
-
-This command sets the label for the z axis. Please see *note xlabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zmtics, Next: zrange, Prev: zlabel, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.138 zmtics
----------------
-
-The *note zmtics:: command changes tics on the z axis to months of the
-year. Please see *note xmtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: zrange, Next: ztics, Prev: zmtics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.139 zrange
----------------
-
-The *note zrange:: command sets the range that will be displayed on the
-z axis. The zrange is used only by 'splot' and is ignored by 'plot'.
-Please see *note xrange:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ztics, Next: cblabel, Prev: zrange, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.140 ztics
---------------
-
-The *note ztics:: command controls major (labeled) tics on the z axis.
-Please see 'set xtics' for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cblabel, Next: cbmtics, Prev: ztics, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.141 cblabel
-----------------
-
-This command sets the label for the color box axis. Please see *note
-xlabel::.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cbmtics, Next: cbrange, Prev: cblabel, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.142 cbmtics
-----------------
-
-The *note cbmtics:: command changes tics on the color box axis to months
-of the year. Please see *note xmtics:: for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cbrange, Next: cbtics, Prev: cbmtics, Up:
set-show
-
-3.29.143 cbrange
-----------------
-
-The *note cbrange:: command sets the range of values which are colored
-using the current *note palette:: by styles *note pm3d::, 'with image'
-and *note palette::. Values outside of the color range use color of the
-nearest extreme.
-
- If the cb-axis is autoscaled in 'splot', then the colorbox range is
-taken from *note zrange::. Points drawn in 'splot ... pm3d|palette'
-can be filtered by using different *note zrange:: and *note cbrange::.
-
- Please see *note xrange:: for details on *note cbrange:: syntax. See
-also *note palette:: and 'set colorbox'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cbtics, Prev: cbrange, Up: set-show
-
-3.29.144 cbtics
----------------
-
-The *note cbtics:: command controls major (labeled) tics on the color
-box axis. Please see 'set xtics' for details.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: shell, Next: splot, Prev: set-show, Up: Commands
-
-3.30 shell
-==========
-
-The *note shell:: command spawns an interactive shell. To return to
-'gnuplot', type 'logout' if using VMS, *note exit:: or the END-OF-FILE
-character if using Unix, or *note exit:: if using MS-DOS or OS/2.
-
- The *note shell:: command ignores anything else on the gnuplot
-command line. If instead you want to pass a command string to a shell
-for immediate execution, use the *note system:: function or the shortcut
-'!'. See *note system::.
-
- Examples:
-
- shell
- system "print previous_plot.ps"
- ! print previous_plot.ps
- current_time = system("date")
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: splot, Next: stats_(Statistical_Summary), Prev:
shell, Up: Commands
-
-3.31 splot
-==========
-
-'splot' is the command for drawing 3D plots (well, actually projections
-on a 2D surface, but you knew that). It is the 3D equivalent of the
-'plot' command. 'splot' provides only a single x, y, and z axis; there
-is no equivalent to the x2 and y2 secondary axes provided by 'plot'.
-
- See the 'plot' command for many options available in both 2D and 3D
-plots.
-
- Syntax:
- splot {<ranges>}
- {<iteration>}
- <function> | {{<file name> | <datablock name>}
{datafile-modifiers}}
- | keyentry
- {<title-spec>} {with <style>}
- {, {definitions{,}} <function> ...}
-
-
- The 'splot' command operates on a data generated by a function, read
-from a data file, or stored previously in a named data block. Data file
-names are usually provided as a quoted string. The function can be a
-mathematical expression, or a triple of mathematical expressions in
-parametric mode.
-
- By default 'splot' draws the xy plane completely below the plotted
-data. The offset between the lowest ztic and the xy plane can be
-changed by *note xyplane::. The orientation of a 'splot' projection is
-controlled by *note view::. See *note view:: and *note xyplane:: for
-more information.
-
- The syntax for setting ranges on the 'splot' command is the same as
-for 'plot'. In non-parametric mode, ranges must be given in the order
- splot [<xrange>][<yrange>][<zrange>] ...
-
- In parametric mode, the order is
- splot [<urange>][<vrange>][<xrange>][<yrange>][<zrange>] ...
-
-
- The *note title:: option is the same as in 'plot'. The operation of
-*note with:: is also the same as in 'plot' except that not all 2D
-plotting styles are available.
-
- The *note datafile:: options have more differences.
-
- As an alternative to surfaces drawn using parametric or function
-mode, the pseudo-file '++' can be used to generate samples on a grid in
-the xy plane.
-
- See also 'show plot', 'set view map', and *note sampling::.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* data-file::
-* grid_data::
-* splot_surfaces::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: data-file, Next: grid_data, Prev: splot, Up:
splot
-
-3.31.1 data-file
-----------------
-
-'Splot', like 'plot', can display from a file.
-
- Syntax:
- splot '<file_name>' {binary <binary list>}
- {{nonuniform} matrix}
- {index <index list>}
- {every <every list>}
- {using <using list>}
-
-
- The special filenames '""' and '"-"' are permitted, as in 'plot'.
-See *note special-filenames::.
-
- In brief, *note binary:: and *note matrix:: indicate that the data
-are in a special form, *note index:: selects which data sets in a
-multi-data-set file are to be plotted, *note every:: specifies which
-datalines (subsets) within a single data set are to be plotted, and
-*note using:: determines how the columns within a single record are to
-be interpreted.
-
- The options *note index:: and *note every:: behave the same way as
-with 'plot'; *note using:: does so also, except that the *note using::
-list must provide three entries instead of two.
-
- The 'plot' option *note smooth:: is not available for 'splot', but
-*note cntrparam:: and *note dgrid3d:: provide limited smoothing
-capabilities.
-
- Data file organization is essentially the same as for 'plot', except
-that each point is an (x,y,z) triple. If only a single value is
-provided, it will be used for z, the block number will be used for y,
-and the index of the data point in the block will be used for x. If two
-or four values are provided, 'gnuplot' uses the last value for
-calculating the color in pm3d plots. Three values are interpreted as an
-(x,y,z) triple. Additional values are generally used as errors, which
-can be used by *note fit::.
-
- Single blank records separate blocks of data in a 'splot' datafile;
-'splot' treats blocks as the equivalent of function y-isolines. No line
-will join points separated by a blank record. If all blocks contain the
-same number of points, 'gnuplot' will draw cross-isolines between points
-in the blocks, connecting corresponding points. This is termed "grid
-data", and is required for drawing a surface, for contouring (*note
-contour::) and hidden-line removal (*note hidden3d::). See also 'splot
-grid_data'.
-
- It is no longer necessary to specify *note parametric:: mode for
-three-column 'splot's.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* matrix::
-* example_datafile_::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: matrix, Next: example_datafile_, Prev: data-file,
Up: data-file
-
-3.31.1.1 matrix
-...............
-
-Gnuplot can interpret matrix data input in two different ways.
-
- The first of these assumes a uniform grid of x and y coordinates and
-assigns each value in the input matrix to one element M[i,j] of this
-uniform grid. The assigned x coordinates are the integers [0:NCOLS-1].
-The assigned y coordinates are the integers [0:NROWS-1]. This is the
-default for text data input, but not for binary input. See 'matrix
-uniform' for examples and additional keywords.
-
- The second interpretation assumes a non-uniform grid with explicit x
-and y coordinates. The first row of input data contains the y
-coordinates; the first column of input data contains the x coordinates.
-For binary input data, the first element of the first row must contain
-the number of columns. This is the default for *note matrix:: input,
-but requires an additional keyword 'nonuniform' for text input data.
-See 'matrix nonuniform' for examples.
-
--- UNIFORM --
-
- Example commands for plotting uniform matrix data:
- splot 'file' matrix using 1:2:3 # text input
- splot 'file' binary general using 1:2:3 # binary input
-
-
- In a uniform grid matrix the z-values are read in a row at a time, i.
-e.,
- z11 z12 z13 z14 ...
- z21 z22 z23 z24 ...
- z31 z32 z33 z34 ...
-
- and so forth.
-
- For text input, if the first row contains column labels rather than
-data, use the additional keyword 'columnheaders'. Similarly if the
-first field in each row contains a label rather than data, use the
-additional keyword 'rowheaders'. Here is an example that uses both:
- $DATA << EOD
- xxx A B C D
- aa z11 z12 z13 z14
- bb z21 z22 z23 z24
- cc z31 z32 z33 z34
- EOD
- plot $DATA matrix columnheaders rowheaders with image
-
-
- For text input, a blank line or comment line ends the matrix, and
-starts a new surface mesh. You can select among the meshes inside a
-file by the *note index:: option to the 'splot' command, as usual.
-
--- NONUNIFORM --
-
- The first row of input data contains the y coordinates. The first
-column of input data contains the x coordinates. For binary input data,
-the first field of the first row must contain the number of columns.
-(This number is ignored for text input).
-
- Example commands for plotting non-uniform matrix data:
- splot 'file' nonuniform matrix using 1:2:3 # text input
- splot 'file' binary matrix using 1:2:3 # binary input
-
-
- Thus the data organization for non-uniform matrix input is
-
- <N+1> <x0> <x1> <x2> ... <xN>
- <y0> <z0,0> <z0,1> <z0,2> ... <z0,N>
- <y1> <z1,0> <z1,1> <z1,2> ... <z1,N>
- : : : : ... :
-
-
- which is then converted into triplets:
- <x0> <y0> <z0,0>
- <x0> <y1> <z0,1>
- <x0> <y2> <z0,2>
- : : :
- <x0> <yN> <z0,N>
-
-
- <x1> <y0> <z1,0>
- <x1> <y1> <z1,1>
- : : :
-
-
- These triplets are then converted into 'gnuplot' iso-curves and then
-'gnuplot' proceeds in the usual manner to do the rest of the plotting.
-
--- EVERY --
-
- The *note every:: keyword has special meaning when used with matrix
-data. Rather than applying to blocks of single points, it applies to
-rows and column values. Syntax:
- plot 'file' every {<column_incr>}
- {:{<row_incr>}
- {:{<start_column>}
- {:{<start_row>}
- {:{<end_column>}
- {:<end_row>}}}}}
-
- Examples:
- plot 'file' matrix every :::N::N # plot all values in row N of
matrix
- plot 'file' matrix every ::3::7: # plot columns 3 to 7 of all
rows
- plot 'file' matrix every ::3:2:7:4 # submatrix of columns 3-7
rows 2-4
-
-
--- EXAMPLES --
-
- A collection of matrix and vector manipulation routines (in C) is
-provided in 'binary.c'. The routine to write binary data is
-
- int fwrite_matrix(file,m,nrl,nrl,ncl,nch,row_title,column_title)
-
-
- An example of using these routines is provided in the file
-'bf_test.c', which generates binary files for the demo file
-'demo/binary.dem'.
-
- Usage in 'plot':
- plot `a.dat` matrix
- plot `a.dat` matrix using 1:3
- plot 'a.gpbin' {matrix} binary using 1:3
-
- will plot rows of the matrix, while using 2:3 will plot matrix
-columns, and using 1:2 the point coordinates (rather useless). Applying
-the *note every:: option you can specify explicit rows and columns.
-
- Example - rescale axes of a matrix in a text file:
- splot `a.dat` matrix using (1+$1):(1+$2*10):3
-
-
- Example - plot the 3rd row of a matrix in a text file:
- plot 'a.dat' matrix using 1:3 every 1:999:1:2
-
- (rows are enumerated from 0, thus 2 instead of 3).
-
- Gnuplot can read matrix binary files by use of the option *note
-binary:: appearing without keyword qualifications unique to general
-binary, i.e., *note array::, *note record::, 'format', or *note
-filetype::. Other general binary keywords for translation should also
-apply to matrix binary. (See *note general:: for more details.)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: example_datafile_, Prev: matrix, Up: data-file
-
-3.31.1.2 example datafile
-.........................
-
-A simple example of plotting a 3D data file is
-
- splot 'datafile.dat'
-
-
- where the file "datafile.dat" might contain:
-
- # The valley of the Gnu.
- 0 0 10
- 0 1 10
- 0 2 10
-
-
- 1 0 10
- 1 1 5
- 1 2 10
-
-
- 2 0 10
- 2 1 1
- 2 2 10
-
-
- 3 0 10
- 3 1 0
- 3 2 10
-
-
- Note that "datafile.dat" defines a 4 by 3 grid ( 4 rows of 3 points
-each ). Rows (blocks) are separated by blank records.
-
- Note also that the x value is held constant within each dataline. If
-you instead keep y constant, and plot with hidden-line removal enabled,
-you will find that the surface is drawn 'inside-out'.
-
- Actually for grid data it is not necessary to keep the x values
-constant within a block, nor is it necessary to keep the same sequence
-of y values. 'gnuplot' requires only that the number of points be the
-same for each block. However since the surface mesh, from which
-contours are derived, connects sequentially corresponding points, the
-effect of an irregular grid on a surface plot is unpredictable and
-should be examined on a case-by-case basis.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: grid_data, Next: splot_surfaces, Prev: data-file,
Up: splot
-
-3.31.2 grid data
-----------------
-
-The 3D routines are designed for points in a grid format, with one
-sample, datapoint, at each mesh intersection; the datapoints may
-originate from either evaluating a function, see *note isosamples::, or
-reading a datafile, see *note datafile::. The term "isoline" is applied
-to the mesh lines for both functions and data. Note that the mesh need
-not be rectangular in x and y, as it may be parameterized in u and v,
-see *note isosamples::.
-
- However, 'gnuplot' does not require that format. In the case of
-functions, 'samples' need not be equal to 'isosamples', i.e., not every
-x-isoline sample need intersect a y-isoline. In the case of data files,
-if there are an equal number of scattered data points in each block,
-then "isolines" will connect the points in a block, and "cross-isolines"
-will connect the corresponding points in each block to generate a
-"surface". In either case, contour and hidden3d modes may give
-different plots than if the points were in the intended format.
-Scattered data can be converted to a {different} grid format with *note
-dgrid3d::.
-
- The contour code tests for z intensity along a line between a point
-on a y-isoline and the corresponding point in the next y-isoline. Thus
-a 'splot' contour of a surface with samples on the x-isolines that do
-not coincide with a y-isoline intersection will ignore such samples.
-Try:
- set xrange [-pi/2:pi/2]; set yrange [-pi/2:pi/2]
- set style function lp
- set contour
- set isosamples 10,10; set samples 10,10;
- splot cos(x)*cos(y)
- set samples 4,10; replot
- set samples 10,4; replot
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: splot_surfaces, Prev: grid_data, Up: splot
-
-3.31.3 splot surfaces
----------------------
-
-'splot' can display a surface as a collection of points, or by
-connecting those points. As with 'plot', the points may be read from a
-data file or result from evaluation of a function at specified
-intervals, see *note isosamples::. The surface may be approximated by
-connecting the points with straight line segments, see *note surface::,
-in which case the surface can be made opaque with 'set hidden3d.' The
-orientation from which the 3d surface is viewed can be changed with
-*note view::.
-
- Additionally, for points in a grid format, 'splot' can interpolate
-points having a common amplitude (see *note contour::) and can then
-connect those new points to display contour lines, either directly with
-straight-line segments or smoothed lines (see *note cntrparam::).
-Functions are already evaluated in a grid format, determined by *note
-isosamples:: and *note samples::, while file data must either be in a
-grid format, as described in *note data-file::, or be used to generate a
-grid (see *note dgrid3d::).
-
- Contour lines may be displayed either on the surface or projected
-onto the base. The base projections of the contour lines may be written
-to a file, and then read with 'plot', to take advantage of 'plot''s
-additional formatting capabilities.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: stats_(Statistical_Summary), Next: system_, Prev:
splot, Up: Commands
-
-3.32 stats (Statistical Summary)
-================================
-
-Syntax:
- stats {<ranges>} 'filename' {matrix | using N{:M}} {name 'prefix'}
{{no}output}
-
-
- This command prepares a statistical summary of the data in one or two
-columns of a file. The using specifier is interpreted in the same way
-as for plot commands. See 'plot' for details on the *note index::,
-*note every::, and *note using:: directives. Data points are filtered
-against both xrange and yrange before analysis. See *note xrange::.
-The summary is printed to the screen by default. Output can be
-redirected to a file by prior use of the command 'set print', or
-suppressed altogether using the 'nooutput' option.
-
- In addition to printed output, the program stores the individual
-statistics into three sets of variables. The first set of variables
-reports how the data is laid out in the file:
-
- STATS_records # total number of in-range data records (N)
- STATS_outofrange # number of records filtered out by range
limits
- STATS_invalid # number of invalid/incomplete/missing
records
- STATS_blank # number of blank lines in the file
- STATS_blocks # number of indexable blocks of data in the
file
- STATS_columns # number of data columns in the first row of
data
-
-
- The second set reports properties of the in-range data from a single
-column. This column is treated as y. If the y axis is autoscaled then
-no range limits are applied. Otherwise only values in the range
-[ymin:ymax] are considered.
-
- If two columns are analysed jointly by a single 'stats' command, the
-suffix "_x" or "_y" is appended to each variable name. I.e.
-STATS_min_x is the minimum value found in the first column, while
-STATS_min_y is the minimum value found in the second column. In this
-case points are filtered by testing against both xrange and yrange.
-
- STATS_min # minimum value of in-range data points
- STATS_max # maximum value of in-range data points
- STATS_index_min # index i for which data[i] == STATS_min
- STATS_index_max # index i for which data[i] == STATS_max
- STATS_lo_quartile # value of the lower (1st) quartile boundary
- STATS_median # median value
- STATS_up_quartile # value of the upper (3rd) quartile boundary
- STATS_mean # mean value of the in-range data points
- STATS_ssd # sample standard deviation of the in-range
data
- = sqrt( Sum[(y-ymean)^2] / (N-1) )
- STATS_stddev # population standard deviation of the
in-range data
- = sqrt( Sum[(y-ymean)^2] / N )
- STATS_sum # sum
- STATS_sumsq # sum of squares
- STATS_skewness # skewness of the in-range data points
- STATS_kurtosis # kurtosis of the in-range data points
- STATS_adev # mean absolute deviation of the in-range
data points
- STATS_mean_err # standard error of the mean value
- STATS_stddev_err # standard error of the standard deviation
- STATS_skewness_err # standard error of the skewness
- STATS_kurtosis_err # standard error of the kurtosis
-
-
- The third set of variables is only relevant to analysis of two data
-columns.
-
- STATS_correlation # sample correlation coefficient between x
and y values
- STATS_slope # A corresponding to a linear fit y = Ax + B
- STATS_slope_err # uncertainty of A
- STATS_intercept # B corresponding to a linear fit y = Ax + B
- STATS_intercept_err # uncertainty of B
- STATS_sumxy # sum of x*y
- STATS_pos_min_y # x coordinate of a point with minimum y
value
- STATS_pos_max_y # x coordinate of a point with maximum y
value
-
-
- When *note matrix:: is specified, all matrix entries are included in
-the analysis. The matrix dimensions are saved in the variables
-STATS_size_x and STATS_size_y.
-
- It may be convenient to track the statistics from more than one file
-or data column in parallel. The 'name' option causes the default prefix
-"STATS" to be replaced by a user-specified string. For example, the
-mean value of column 2 data from two different files could be compared
-by
- stats "file1.dat" using 2 name "A"
- stats "file2.dat" using 2 name "B"
- if (A_mean < B_mean) {...}
-
- The keyword 'columnheader' or function 'columnheader(N)' can be used
-to generate the prefix from the contents of the first row of a data
-file:
- do for [COL=5:8] { stats 'datafile' using COL name columnheader }
-
-
- The index reported in STATS_index_xxx corresponds to the value of
-pseudo-column 0 ($0) in plot commands. I.e. the first point has index
-0, the last point has index N-1.
-
- Data values are sorted to find the median and quartile boundaries.
-If the total number of points N is odd, then the median value is taken
-as the value of data point (N+1)/2. If N is even, then the median is
-reported as the mean value of points N/2 and (N+2)/2. Equivalent
-treatment is used for the quartile boundaries.
-
- For an example of using the 'stats' command to annotate a subsequent
-plot, see stats.dem. (http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/stats.html)
-
- The 'stats' command in this version of gnuplot can handle log-scaled
-data, but not the presence of time/date fields ('set xdata time' or 'set
-ydata time'). This restriction may be relaxed in a future version.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: system_, Next: test, Prev:
stats_(Statistical_Summary), Up: Commands
-
-3.33 system
-===========
-
-Syntax:
- system "command string"
- ! command string
- output = system("command string")
- show variable GPVAL_SYSTEM
-
-
- 'system "command"' executes "command" in a subprocess by invoking the
-operating system's default shell. If called as a function,
-'system("command")' returns the character stream from the subprocess's
-stdout as a string. One trailing newline is stripped from the resulting
-string if present. See also 'backquotes'.
-
- The exit status of the subprocess is reported in variables
-GPVAL_SYSTEM_ERRNO and GPVAL_SYSTEM_ERRMSG. Note that if the command
-string invokes more than one programs, the subprocess may return
-"Success" even if one of the programs produced an error. E.g. file =
-system("ls -1 *.plt | tail -1") will return "Success" even if there are
-no *.plt files because 'tail' succeeds even if 'ls' does not.
-
- The system command can be used to import external functions into
-gnuplot as shown below, however this will force creation of a separate
-subprocess every time the function is invoked. For functions that will
-be invoked many times it would be better to import a directly callable
-subroutine from a shared library. See *note import:: and 'plugin.dem'.
-
- f(x) = real(system(sprintf("somecommand %f", x)))
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: test, Next: toggle, Prev: system_, Up: Commands
-
-3.34 test
-=========
-
-This command graphically tests or presents terminal and palette
-capabilities.
-
- Syntax:
- test {terminal | palette}
-
-
- *note test:: or *note terminal:: creates a display of line and point
-styles and other useful things supported by the *note terminal:: you are
-currently using.
-
- *note palette:: plots profiles of R(z),G(z),B(z), where 0<=z<=1.
-These are the RGB components of the current color *note palette::. It
-also plots the apparent net intensity as calculated using NTSC
-coefficients to map RGB onto a grayscale. The profile values are also
-loaded into a datablock named $PALETTE.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: toggle, Next: undefine, Prev: test, Up: Commands
-
-3.35 toggle
-===========
-
-Syntax:
- toggle {<plotno> | "plottitle" | all}
-
-
- This command has the same effect as left-clicking on the key entry
-for a plot currently displayed by an interactive terminal (qt, wxt,
-x11). If the plot is showing, it is toggled off; if it is currently
-hidden, it is toggled on. 'toggle all' acts on all active plots,
-equivalent to the hotkey "i". 'toggle "title"' requires an exact match
-to the plot title. 'toggle "ti*"' acts on the first plot whose title
-matches the characters before the final '*'. If the current terminal is
-not interactive, the toggle command has no effect.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: undefine, Next: unset, Prev: toggle, Up: Commands
-
-3.36 undefine
-=============
-
-Clear one or more previously defined user variables. This is useful in
-order to reset the state of a script containing an initialization test.
-
- A variable name can contain the wildcard character '*' as last
-character. If the wildcard character is found, all variables with names
-that begin with the prefix preceding the wildcard will be removed. This
-is useful to remove several variables sharing a common prefix. Note
-that the wildcard character is only allowed at the end of the variable
-name! Specifying the wildcard character as sole argument to *note
-undefine:: has no effect.
-
- Example:
-
- undefine foo foo1 foo2
- if (!exists("foo")) load "initialize.gp"
-
-
- bar = 1; bar1 = 2; bar2 = 3
- undefine bar* # removes all three variables
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: unset, Next: update, Prev: undefine, Up: Commands
-
-3.37 unset
-==========
-
-Options set using the 'set' command may be returned to their default
-state by the corresponding *note unset:: command. The *note unset::
-command may contain an optional iteration clause. See 'plot for'.
-
- Examples:
- set xtics mirror rotate by -45 0,10,100
- ...
- unset xtics
-
-
- # Unset labels numbered between 100 and 200
- unset for [i=100:200] label i
-
-
-* Menu:
-
-* linetype_::
-* monochrome_::
-* output_::
-* terminal_::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linetype_, Next: monochrome_, Prev: unset, Up:
unset
-
-3.37.1 linetype
----------------
-
-Syntax:
- unset linetype N
-
- Remove all characteristics previously associated with a single
-linetype. Subsequent use of this linetype will use whatever
-characteristics and color that is native to the current terminal type
-(i.e. the default linetypes properties available in gnuplot versions
-prior to 4.6).
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: monochrome_, Next: output_, Prev: linetype_, Up:
unset
-
-3.37.2 monochrome
------------------
-
-Switches the active set of linetypes from monochrome to color.
-Equivalent to 'set color'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: output_, Next: terminal_, Prev: monochrome_, Up:
unset
-
-3.37.3 output
--------------
-
-Because some terminal types allow multiple plots to be written into a
-single output file, the output file is not automatically closed after
-plotting. In order to print or otherwise use the file safely, it should
-first be closed explicitly by using *note output:: or by using *note
-output:: to close the previous file and then open a new one.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: terminal_, Prev: output_, Up: unset
-
-3.37.4 terminal
----------------
-
-The default terminal that is active at the time of program entry depends
-on the system platform, gnuplot build options, and the environmental
-variable GNUTERM. Whatever this default may be, gnuplot saves it to
-internal variable GNUTERM. The *note terminal:: command restores the
-initial terminal type. It is equivalent to 'set terminal GNUTERM'.
-However if the string in GNUTERM contains terminal options in addition
-to the bare terminal name, you may want to instead use 'set terminal
-@GNUTERM'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: update, Next: While, Prev: unset, Up: Commands
-
-3.38 update
-===========
-
-Note: This command is DEPRECATED. Use *note fit:: instead.
-
- The *note update:: command remains in version 5.2 for backwards
-compatibility but will be removed in later versions.
-
- Syntax:
- update <filename> {<filename>}
-
-
- This command updates the current values of variables stored in the
-given file, which must be formatted as an initial-value file (see *note
-fit::).
-
- If the file does not exist, a new file is created containing all
-currently defined user variables. All variables not used in the last
-fit are marked as "#FIXED". This is useful for saving the current values
-of fit variables for later use or for restarting a converged or stopped
-fit.
-
- If a second filename is supplied, the updated values are written to
-this file, and the original parameter file is left unmodified.
-
- Otherwise, if the file already exists, 'gnuplot' first renames it by
-appending '.old' and then opens a new file. That is, "'update 'fred''"
-behaves the same as "'!rename fred fred.old; update 'fred.old' 'fred''".
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: While, Prev: update, Up: Commands
-
-3.39 While
-==========
-
-Syntax:
- while (<expr>) {
- <commands>
- }
-
- Execute a block of commands repeatedly so long as <expr> evaluates to
-a non-zero value. This command cannot be mixed with old-style
-(un-bracketed) if/else statements. See also 'do', 'continue', 'break'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Terminal_types, Next: Bugs, Prev: Commands, Up:
Top
-
-4 Terminal types
-****************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* complete_list_of_terminals::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: complete_list_of_terminals, Prev: Terminal_types,
Up: Terminal_types
-
-4.1 complete list of terminals
-==============================
-
-Gnuplot supports a large number of output formats. These are selected
-by choosing an appropriate terminal type, possibly with additional
-modifying options. See *note terminal::.
-
- This document may describe terminal types that are not available to
-you because they were not configured or installed on your system. To
-see a list of terminals available on a particular gnuplot installation,
-type 'set terminal' with no modifiers.
-
- Terminals marked 'legacy' are not built by default in recent gnuplot
-versions and may not actually work. @c <3 - all terminal stuff is
-pulled from the .trm files
-
-* Menu:
-
-* aifm::
-* aqua::
-* be::
-* epscairo::
-* canvas::
-* cgm::
-* context::
-* corel::
-* debug::
-* svga::
-* dumb::
-* dxf::
-* dxy800a::
-* eepic::
-* emf::
-* emxvga::
-* epson_180dpi::
-* excl::
-* fig::
-* png_::
-* ggi::
-* gpic::
-* grass::
-* hp2623a::
-* hp2648::
-* hp500c::
-* hpgl::
-* hpljii::
-* hppj::
-* imagen::
-* kyo::
-* latex::
-* linux::
-* lua::
-* mf::
-* mp::
-* mif::
-* pbm::
-* dospc::
-* pdf::
-* pstricks::
-* qms::
-* regis::
-* svg::
-* tek410x::
-* tek40::
-* texdraw::
-* tgif::
-* tkcanvas::
-* tpic::
-* vgagl::
-* VWS::
-* windows::
-* wxt::
-* x11::
-* xlib::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: aifm, Next: aqua, Prev:
complete_list_of_terminals, Up: complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.1 aifm
-----------
-
-*note terminal::, originally written for Adobe Illustrator 3.0+. Since
-Adobe Illustrator understands PostScript level 1 commands directly, you
-should use 'set terminal post level1' instead.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal aifm {color|monochrome} {"<fontname>"} {<fontsize>}
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: aqua, Next: be, Prev: aifm, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.2 aqua
-----------
-
-This terminal relies on AquaTerm.app for display on Mac OS X.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal aqua {<n>} {title "<wintitle>"} {size <x> <y>}
- {font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"}
- {linewidth <lw>}"}
- {{no}enhanced} {solid|dashed} {dl <dashlength>}}
-
-
- where <n> is the number of the window to draw in (default is 0),
-<wintitle> is the name shown in the title bar (default "Figure <n>"),
-<x> <y> is the size of the plot (default is 846x594 pt = 11.75x8.25 in).
-
- Use <fontname> to specify the font (default is "Times-Roman"), and
-<fontsize> to specify the font size (default is 14.0 pt).
-
- The aqua terminal supports enhanced text mode (see 'enhanced'),
-except for overprint. Font support is limited to the fonts available on
-the system. Character encoding can be selected by *note encoding:: and
-currently supports iso_latin_1, iso_latin_2, cp1250, and UTF8 (default).
-
- Lines can be drawn either solid or dashed, (default is solid) and the
-dash spacing can be modified by <dashlength> which is a multiplier > 0.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: be, Next: epscairo, Prev: aqua, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.3 be
---------
-
-The 'be' terminal type is present if gnuplot is built for the 'beos'
-operating system and for use with X servers. It is selected at program
-startup if the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is set, if the 'TERM'
-environment variable is set to 'xterm', or if the '-display' command
-line option is used.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal be {reset} {<n>}
-
-
- Multiple plot windows are supported: 'set terminal be <n>' directs
-the output to plot window number n. If n>0, the terminal number will be
-appended to the window title and the icon will be labeled 'gplt <n>'.
-The active window may distinguished by a change in cursor (from default
-to crosshair.)
-
- Plot windows remain open even when the 'gnuplot' driver is changed to
-a different device. A plot window can be closed by pressing the letter
-q while that window has input focus, or by choosing 'close' from a
-window manager menu. All plot windows can be closed by specifying *note
-reset::, which actually terminates the subprocess which maintains the
-windows (unless '-persist' was specified).
-
- Plot windows will automatically be closed at the end of the session
-unless the '-persist' option was given.
-
- The size or aspect ratio of a plot may be changed by resizing the
-'gnuplot' window.
-
- Linewidths and pointsizes may be changed from within 'gnuplot' with
-'set linestyle'.
-
- For terminal type 'be', 'gnuplot' accepts (when initialized) the
-standard X Toolkit options and resources such as geometry, font, and
-name from the command line arguments or a configuration file. See the
-X(1) man page (or its equivalent) for a description of such options.
-
- A number of other 'gnuplot' options are available for the 'be'
-terminal. These may be specified either as command-line options when
-'gnuplot' is invoked or as resources in the configuration file
-".Xdefaults". They are set upon initialization and cannot be altered
-during a 'gnuplot' session.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* command-line_options::
-* monochrome_options::
-* color_resources::
-* grayscale_resources::
-* line_resources::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: command-line_options, Next: monochrome_options,
Prev: be, Up: be
-
-4.1.3.1 command-line_options
-............................
-
-In addition to the X Toolkit options, the following options may be
-specified on the command line when starting 'gnuplot' or as resources in
-your ".Xdefaults" file:
-
- `-mono` forces monochrome rendering on color displays.
- `-gray` requests grayscale rendering on grayscale or color
displays.
- (Grayscale displays receive monochrome rendering
by default.)
- `-clear` requests that the window be cleared momentarily before a
- new plot is displayed.
- `-raise` raises plot window after each plot
- `-noraise` does not raise plot window after each plot
- `-persist` plots windows survive after main gnuplot program exits
-
-
- The options are shown above in their command-line syntax. When
-entered as resources in ".Xdefaults", they require a different syntax.
-
- Example:
- gnuplot*gray: on
-
-
- 'gnuplot' also provides a command line option ('-pointsize <v>') and
-a resource, 'gnuplot*pointsize: <v>', to control the size of points
-plotted with the 'points' plotting style. The value 'v' is a real
-number (greater than 0 and less than or equal to ten) used as a scaling
-factor for point sizes. For example, '-pointsize 2' uses points twice
-the default size, and '-pointsize 0.5' uses points half the normal size.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: monochrome_options, Next: color_resources, Prev:
command-line_options, Up: be
-
-4.1.3.2 monochrome_options
-..........................
-
-For monochrome displays, 'gnuplot' does not honor foreground or
-background colors. The default is black-on-white. '-rv' or
-'gnuplot*reverseVideo: on' requests white-on-black.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: color_resources, Next: grayscale_resources, Prev:
monochrome_options, Up: be
-
-4.1.3.3 color_resources
-.......................
-
-For color displays, 'gnuplot' honors the following resources (shown here
-with their default values) or the greyscale resources. The values may
-be color names as listed in the BE rgb.txt file on your system,
-hexadecimal RGB color specifications (see BE documentation), or a color
-name followed by a comma and an 'intensity' value from 0 to 1. For
-example, 'blue, 0.5' means a half intensity blue.
-
- gnuplot*background: white
- gnuplot*textColor: black
- gnuplot*borderColor: black
- gnuplot*axisColor: black
- gnuplot*line1Color: red
- gnuplot*line2Color: green
- gnuplot*line3Color: blue
- gnuplot*line4Color: magenta
- gnuplot*line5Color: cyan
- gnuplot*line6Color: sienna
- gnuplot*line7Color: orange
- gnuplot*line8Color: coral
-
-
- The command-line syntax for these is, for example,
-
- Example:
- gnuplot -background coral
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: grayscale_resources, Next: line_resources, Prev:
color_resources, Up: be
-
-4.1.3.4 grayscale_resources
-...........................
-
-When '-gray' is selected, 'gnuplot' honors the following resources for
-grayscale or color displays (shown here with their default values).
-Note that the default background is black.
-
- gnuplot*background: black
- gnuplot*textGray: white
- gnuplot*borderGray: gray50
- gnuplot*axisGray: gray50
- gnuplot*line1Gray: gray100
- gnuplot*line2Gray: gray60
- gnuplot*line3Gray: gray80
- gnuplot*line4Gray: gray40
- gnuplot*line5Gray: gray90
- gnuplot*line6Gray: gray50
- gnuplot*line7Gray: gray70
- gnuplot*line8Gray: gray30
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: line_resources, Prev: grayscale_resources, Up: be
-
-4.1.3.5 line_resources
-......................
-
-'gnuplot' honors the following resources for setting the width (in
-pixels) of plot lines (shown here with their default values.) 0 or 1
-means a minimal width line of 1 pixel width. A value of 2 or 3 may
-improve the appearance of some plots.
-
- gnuplot*borderWidth: 2
- gnuplot*axisWidth: 0
- gnuplot*line1Width: 0
- gnuplot*line2Width: 0
- gnuplot*line3Width: 0
- gnuplot*line4Width: 0
- gnuplot*line5Width: 0
- gnuplot*line6Width: 0
- gnuplot*line7Width: 0
- gnuplot*line8Width: 0
-
-
- 'gnuplot' honors the following resources for setting the dash style
-used for plotting lines. 0 means a solid line. A two-digit number 'jk'
-('j' and 'k' are >= 1 and <= 9) means a dashed line with a repeated
-pattern of 'j' pixels on followed by 'k' pixels off. For example, '16'
-is a "dotted" line with one pixel on followed by six pixels off. More
-elaborate on/off patterns can be specified with a four-digit value. For
-example, '4441' is four on, four off, four on, one off. The default
-values shown below are for monochrome displays or monochrome rendering
-on color or grayscale displays. For color displays, the default for
-each is 0 (solid line) except for 'axisDashes' which defaults to a '16'
-dotted line.
-
- gnuplot*borderDashes: 0
- gnuplot*axisDashes: 16
- gnuplot*line1Dashes: 0
- gnuplot*line2Dashes: 42
- gnuplot*line3Dashes: 13
- gnuplot*line4Dashes: 44
- gnuplot*line5Dashes: 15
- gnuplot*line6Dashes: 4441
- gnuplot*line7Dashes: 42
- gnuplot*line8Dashes: 13
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: epscairo, Next: canvas, Prev: be, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.4 epscairo
---------------
-
-The 'epscairo' terminal device generates encapsulated PostScript (*.eps)
-using the cairo and pango support libraries. cairo version >= 1.6 is
-required.
-
- Please read the help for the 'pdfcairo' terminal."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: canvas, Next: cgm, Prev: epscairo, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.5 canvas
-------------
-
-The 'canvas' terminal creates a set of javascript commands that draw
-onto the HTML5 canvas element. Syntax:
- set terminal canvas {size <xsize>, <ysize>} {background <rgb_color>}
- {font {<fontname>}{,<fontsize>}} | {fsize
<fontsize>}
- {{no}enhanced} {linewidth <lw>}
- {rounded | butt | square}
- {dashlength <dl>}
- {standalone {mousing} | name '<funcname>'}
- {jsdir 'URL/for/javascripts'}
- {title '<some string>'}
-
-
- where <xsize> and <ysize> set the size of the plot area in pixels.
-The default size in standalone mode is 600 by 400 pixels. The default
-font size is 10.
-
- NB: Only one font is available, the ascii portion of Hershey simplex
-Roman provided in the file canvastext.js. You can replace this with the
-file canvasmath.js, which contains also UTF-8 encoded Hershey simplex
-Greek and math symbols. For consistency with other terminals, it is
-also possible to use 'font "name,size"'. Currently the font 'name' is
-ignored, but browser support for named fonts is likely to arrive
-eventually.
-
- The default 'standalone' mode creates an html page containing
-javascript code that renders the plot using the HTML 5 canvas element.
-The html page links to two required javascript files 'canvastext.js' and
-'gnuplot_common.js'. An additional file 'gnuplot_dashedlines.js' is
-needed to support dashed lines. By default these point to local files,
-on unix-like systems usually in directory
-/usr/local/share/gnuplot/<version>/js. See installation notes for other
-platforms. You can change this by using the 'jsdir' option to specify
-either a different local directory or a general URL. The latter is
-usually appropriate if the plot is exported for viewing on remote client
-machines.
-
- All plots produced by the canvas terminal are mouseable. The
-additional keyword 'mousing' causes the 'standalone' mode to add a
-mouse-tracking box underneath the plot. It also adds a link to a
-javascript file 'gnuplot_mouse.js' and to a stylesheet for the mouse box
-'gnuplot_mouse.css' in the same local or URL directory as
-'canvastext.js'.
-
- The 'name' option creates a file containing only javascript. Both
-the javascript function it contains and the id of the canvas element
-that it draws onto are taken from the following string parameter. The
-commands
- set term canvas name 'fishplot'
- set output 'fishplot.js'
-
- will create a file containing a javascript function fishplot() that
-will draw onto a canvas with id=fishplot. An html page that invokes
-this javascript function must also load the canvastext.js function as
-described above. A minimal html file to wrap the fishplot created above
-might be:
-
- <html>
- <head>
- <script src="canvastext.js"></script>
- <script src="gnuplot_common.js"></script>
- </head>
- <body onload="fishplot();">
- <script src="fishplot.js"></script>
- <canvas id="fishplot" width=600 height=400>
- <div id="err_msg">No support for HTML 5 canvas element</div>
- </canvas>
- </body>
- </html>
-
-
- The individual plots drawn on this canvas will have names
-fishplot_plot_1, fishplot_plot_2, and so on. These can be referenced by
-external javascript routines, for example
-gnuplot.toggle_visibility("fishplot_plot_2").
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm, Next: context, Prev: canvas, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.6 cgm
----------
-
-The 'cgm' terminal generates a Computer Graphics Metafile, Version 1.
-This file format is a subset of the ANSI X3.122-1986 standard entitled
-"Computer Graphics - Metafile for the Storage and Transfer of Picture
-Description Information".
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal cgm {color | monochrome} {solid | dashed} {{no}rotate}
- {<mode>} {width <plot_width>} {linewidth
<line_width>}
- {font "<fontname>,<fontsize>"}
- {background <rgb_color>}
- [deprecated] {<color0> <color1> <color2> ...}
-
-
- 'solid' draws all curves with solid lines, overriding any dashed
-patterns; <mode> is 'landscape', 'portrait', or 'default'; <plot_width>
-is the assumed width of the plot in points; <line_width> is the line
-width in points (default 1); <fontname> is the name of a font (see list
-of fonts below) <fontsize> is the size of the font in points (default
-12).
-
- The first six options can be in any order. Selecting 'default' sets
-all options to their default values.
-
- The mechanism of setting line colors in the 'set term' command is
-deprecated. Instead you should set the background using a separate
-keyword and set the line colors using 'set linetype'. The deprecated
-mechanism accepted colors of the form 'xrrggbb', where x is the literal
-character 'x' and 'rrggbb' are the red, green and blue components in
-hex. The first color was used for the background, subsequent colors are
-assigned to successive line types.
-
- Examples:
- set terminal cgm landscape color rotate dashed width 432 \\
- linewidth 1 'Helvetica Bold' 12 # defaults
- set terminal cgm linewidth 2 14 # wider lines & larger font
- set terminal cgm portrait "Times Italic" 12
- set terminal cgm color solid # no pesky dashes!
-
-
-* Menu:
-
-* cgm_font::
-* cgm_fontsize::
-* cgm_linewidth::
-* cgm_rotate::
-* cgm_solid::
-* cgm_size::
-* cgm_width::
-* cgm_nofontlist::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_font, Next: cgm_fontsize, Prev: cgm, Up: cgm
-
-4.1.6.1 cgm font
-................
-
-The first part of a Computer Graphics Metafile, the metafile
-description, includes a font table. In the picture body, a font is
-designated by an index into this table. By default, this terminal
-generates a table with the following 35 fonts, plus six more with
-'italic' replaced by 'oblique', or vice-versa (since at least the
-Microsoft Office and Corel Draw CGM import filters treat 'italic' and
-'oblique' as equivalent):
-
- Helvetica
- Helvetica Bold
- Helvetica Oblique
- Helvetica Bold Oblique
- Times Roman
- Times Bold
- Times Italic
- Times Bold Italic
- Courier
- Courier Bold
- Courier Oblique
- Courier Bold Oblique
- Symbol
- Hershey/Cartographic_Roman
- Hershey/Cartographic_Greek
- Hershey/Simplex_Roman
- Hershey/Simplex_Greek
- Hershey/Simplex_Script
- Hershey/Complex_Roman
- Hershey/Complex_Greek
- Hershey/Complex_Script
- Hershey/Complex_Italic
- Hershey/Complex_Cyrillic
- Hershey/Duplex_Roman
- Hershey/Triplex_Roman
- Hershey/Triplex_Italic
- Hershey/Gothic_German
- Hershey/Gothic_English
- Hershey/Gothic_Italian
- Hershey/Symbol_Set_1
- Hershey/Symbol_Set_2
- Hershey/Symbol_Math
- ZapfDingbats
- Script
- 15
-
-
- The first thirteen of these fonts are required for WebCGM. The
-Microsoft Office CGM import filter implements the 13 standard fonts
-listed above, and also 'ZapfDingbats' and 'Script'. However, the script
-font may only be accessed under the name '15'. For more on Microsoft
-import filter font substitutions, check its help file which you may find
-here:
- C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\Office\\Cgmimp32.hlp
-
- and/or its configuration file, which you may find here:
- C:\\Program Files\\Common Files\\Microsoft Shared\\Grphflt\\Cgmimp32.cfg
-
-
- In the 'set term' command, you may specify a font name which does not
-appear in the default font table. In that case, a new font table is
-constructed with the specified font as its first entry. You must ensure
-that the spelling, capitalization, and spacing of the name are
-appropriate for the application that will read the CGM file. (Gnuplot
-and any MIL-D-28003A compliant application ignore case in font names.)
-If you need to add several new fonts, use several 'set term' commands.
-
- Example:
- set terminal cgm 'Old English'
- set terminal cgm 'Tengwar'
- set terminal cgm 'Arabic'
- set output 'myfile.cgm'
- plot ...
- set output
-
-
- You cannot introduce a new font in a 'set label' command.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_fontsize, Next: cgm_linewidth, Prev:
cgm_font, Up: cgm
-
-4.1.6.2 cgm fontsize
-....................
-
-Fonts are scaled assuming the page is 6 inches wide. If the *note
-size:: command is used to change the aspect ratio of the page or the CGM
-file is converted to a different width, the resulting font sizes will be
-scaled up or down accordingly. To change the assumed width, use the
-'width' option.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_linewidth, Next: cgm_rotate, Prev:
cgm_fontsize, Up: cgm
-
-4.1.6.3 cgm linewidth
-.....................
-
-The 'linewidth' option sets the width of lines in pt. The default width
-is 1 pt. Scaling is affected by the actual width of the page, as
-discussed under the 'fontsize' and 'width' options.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_rotate, Next: cgm_solid, Prev: cgm_linewidth,
Up: cgm
-
-4.1.6.4 cgm rotate
-..................
-
-The 'norotate' option may be used to disable text rotation. For
-example, the CGM input filter for Word for Windows 6.0c can accept
-rotated text, but the DRAW editor within Word cannot. If you edit a
-graph (for example, to label a curve), all rotated text is restored to
-horizontal. The Y axis label will then extend beyond the clip boundary.
-With 'norotate', the Y axis label starts in a less attractive location,
-but the page can be edited without damage. The 'rotate' option confirms
-the default behavior.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_solid, Next: cgm_size, Prev: cgm_rotate, Up:
cgm
-
-4.1.6.5 cgm solid
-.................
-
-The 'solid' option may be used to disable dashed line styles in the
-plots. This is useful when color is enabled and the dashing of the
-lines detracts from the appearance of the plot. The 'dashed' option
-confirms the default behavior, which gives a different dash pattern to
-each line type.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_size, Next: cgm_width, Prev: cgm_solid, Up:
cgm
-
-4.1.6.6 cgm size
-................
-
-Default size of a CGM plot is 32599 units wide and 23457 units high for
-landscape, or 23457 units wide by 32599 units high for portrait.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_width, Next: cgm_nofontlist, Prev: cgm_size,
Up: cgm
-
-4.1.6.7 cgm width
-.................
-
-All distances in the CGM file are in abstract units. The application
-that reads the file determines the size of the final plot. By default,
-the width of the final plot is assumed to be 6 inches (15.24 cm). This
-distance is used to calculate the correct font size, and may be changed
-with the 'width' option. The keyword should be followed by the width in
-points. (Here, a point is 1/72 inch, as in PostScript. This unit is
-known as a "big point" in TeX.) Gnuplot 'expressions' can be used to
-convert from other units.
-
- Example:
- set terminal cgm width 432 # default
- set terminal cgm width 6*72 # same as above
- set terminal cgm width 10/2.54*72 # 10 cm wide
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: cgm_nofontlist, Prev: cgm_width, Up: cgm
-
-4.1.6.8 cgm nofontlist
-......................
-
-The default font table includes the fonts recommended for WebCGM, which
-are compatible with the Computer Graphics Metafile input filter for
-Microsoft Office and Corel Draw. Another application might use
-different fonts and/or different font names, which may not be
-documented. The 'nofontlist' (synonym 'winword6') option deletes the
-font table from the CGM file. In this case, the reading application
-should use a default table. Gnuplot will still use its own default font
-table to select font indices. Thus, 'Helvetica' will give you an index
-of 1, which should get you the first entry in your application's default
-font table. 'Helvetica Bold' will give you its second entry, etc.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: context, Next: corel, Prev: cgm, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.7 context
--------------
-
-ConTeXt is a macro package for TeX, highly integrated with Metapost (for
-drawing figures) and intended for creation of high-quality PDF
-documents. The terminal outputs Metafun source, which can be edited
-manually, but you should be able to configure most things from outside.
-
- For an average user of ConTeXt + gnuplot module it's recommended to
-refer to 'Using ConTeXt' rather than reading this page or to read the
-manual of the gnuplot module for ConTeXt.
-
- The 'context' terminal supports the following options:
-
- Syntax:
- set term context {default}
- {defaultsize | size <scale> | size <xsize>{in|cm},
<ysize>{in|cm}}
- {input | standalone}
- {timestamp | notimestamp}
- {noheader | header "<header>"}
- {color | colour | monochrome}
- {rounded | mitered | beveled} {round | butt | squared}
- {dashed | solid} {dashlength | dl <dl>}
- {linewidth | lw <lw>}
- {fontscale <fontscale>}
- {mppoints | texpoints}
- {inlineimages | externalimages}
- {defaultfont | font "{<fontname>}{,<fontsize>}"}
-
-
- In non-standalone ('input') graphic only parameters *note size:: to
-select graphic size, 'fontscale' to scale all the labels for a factor
-<fontscale> and font size, make sense, the rest is silently ignored and
-should be configured in the .tex file which inputs the graphic. It's
-highly recommended to set the proper fontsize if document font differs
-from 12pt, so that gnuplot will know how much space to reserve for
-labels.
-
- 'default' resets all the options to their default values.
-
- 'defaultsize' sets the plot size to 5in,3in. *note size:: <scale>
-sets the plot size to <scale> times <default value>. If two arguments
-are given (separated with ','), the first one sets the horizontal size
-and the second one the vertical size. Size may be given without units
-(in which case it means relative to the default value), with inches
-('in') or centimeters ('cm').
-
- 'input' (default) creates a graphic that can be included into another
-ConTeXt document. 'standalone' adds some lines, so that the document
-might be compiled as-is. You might also want to add 'header' in that
-case.
-
- Use 'header' for any additional settings/definitions/macros that you
-might want to include in a standalone graphic. 'noheader' is the
-default.
-
- 'notimestamp' prevents printing creation time in comments (if version
-control is used, one may prefer not to commit new version when only date
-changes).
-
- 'color' to make color plots is the default, but *note monochrome::
-doesn't do anything special yet. If you have any good ideas how the
-behaviour should differ to suit the monochrome printers better, your
-suggestions are welcome.
-
- 'rounded' (default), 'mitered' and 'beveled' control the shape of
-line joins. 'round' (default), 'butt' and 'squared' control the shape
-of line caps. See PostScript or PDF Reference Manual for explanation.
-For wild-behaving functions and thick lines it is better to use
-'rounded' and 'round' to prevent sharp corners in line joins. (Some
-general support for this should be added to Gnuplot, so that the same
-options could be set for each line (style) separately).
-
- 'dashed' (default) uses different dash patterns for different line
-types, 'solid' draws all plots with solid lines.
-
- 'dashlength' or 'dl' scales the length of the dashed-line segments by
-<dl>. 'linewidth' or 'lw' scales all linewidths by <lw>. (lw 1 stands
-for 0.5bp, which is the default line width when drawing with Metapost.)
-'fontscale' scales text labels for factor <fontscale> relative to
-default document font.
-
- 'mppoints' uses predefined point shapes, drawn in Metapost.
-'texpoints' uses easily configurable set of symbols, defined with
-ConTeXt in the following way:
- \\defineconversion[my own points][+,{\\ss x},\\mathematics{\\circ}]
- \\setupGNUPLOTterminal[context][points=tex,pointset=my own points]
-
-
- 'inlineimages' writes binary images to a string and only works in
-ConTeXt MKIV. 'externalimages' writes PNG files to disk and also works
-with ConTeXt MKII. Gnuplot needs to have support for PNG images built in
-for this to work.
-
- With 'font' you can set font name and size in standalone graphics.
-In non-standalone ('input') mode only the font size is important to
-reserve enough space for text labels. The command
- set term context font "myfont,ss,10"
-
- will result in
- \\setupbodyfont[myfont,ss,10pt]
-
- If you additionally set 'fontscale' to 0.8 for example, then the
-resulting font will be 8pt big and
- set label ... font "myfont,12"
-
- will come out as 9.6pt.
-
- It is your own responsibility to provide proper typescripts (and
-header), otherwise switching the font will have no effect. For a
-standard font in ConTeXt MKII (pdfTeX) you could use:
- set terminal context standalone header '\\usetypescript[iwona][ec]'
\\
- font "iwona,ss,11"
-
- Please take a look into ConTeXt documentation, wiki or mailing list
-(archives) for any up-to-date information about font usage.
-
- Examples:
- set terminal context size 10cm, 5cm # 10cm, 5cm
- set terminal context size 4in, 3in # 4in, 3in
-
- For standalone (whole-page) plots with labels in UTF-8 encoding:
- set terminal context standalone header '\\enableregime[utf-8]'
-
- , /* TODO: LaTeX formatting */
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Requirements::
-* Calling_gnuplot_from_ConTeXt::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Requirements, Next: Calling_gnuplot_from_ConTeXt,
Prev: context, Up: context
-
-4.1.7.1 Requirements
-....................
-
-You need gnuplot module for ConTeXt http://ctan.org/pkg/context-gnuplot
-(http://ctan.org/pkg/context-gnuplot) and a recent version of ConTeXt.
-If you want to call gnuplot on-the-fly, you also need write18 enabled.
-In most TeX distributions this can be set with shell_escape=t in
-texmf.cnf.
-
- See http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Gnuplot
-(http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Gnuplot) for details about this terminal
-and for more exhaustive help & examples.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Calling_gnuplot_from_ConTeXt, Prev: Requirements,
Up: context
-
-4.1.7.2 Calling gnuplot from ConTeXt
-....................................
-
-The easiest way to make plots in ConTeXt documents is
- \\usemodule[gnuplot]
- \\starttext
- \\title{How to draw nice plots with {\\sc gnuplot}?}
- \\startGNUPLOTscript[sin]
- set format y "%.1f"
- plot sin(x) t '$\\sin(x)$'
- \\stopGNUPLOTscript
- \\useGNUPLOTgraphic[sin]
- \\stoptext
-
- This will run gnuplot automatically and include the resulting figure
-in the document."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: corel, Next: debug, Prev: context, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.8 corel
------------
-
-Legacy terminal for CorelDraw (circa 1995).
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal corel {monochrome | color} {"<font>" {<fontsize>}}
- {<xsize> <ysize> {<linewidth> }}
-
-
- where the fontsize and linewidth are specified in points and the
-sizes in inches. The defaults are monochrome, "SwitzerlandLight", 22,
-8.2, 10 and 1.2."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: debug, Next: svga, Prev: corel, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.9 debug
------------
-
-This terminal is provided to allow for the debugging of 'gnuplot'. It
-is likely to be of use only for users who are modifying the source
-code."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: svga, Next: dumb, Prev: debug, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.10 svga
------------
-
-Legacy terminal. The 'svga' terminal driver supports PCs with SVGA
-graphics.
- It can only be used if it is compiled with DJGPP.
-
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal svga {"<fontname>"}"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dumb, Next: dxf, Prev: svga, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.11 dumb
------------
-
-The 'dumb' terminal driver plots into a text block using ascii
-characters. It has an optional size specification and a trailing
-linefeed flag.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal dumb {size <xchars>,<ychars>} {[no]feed}
- {aspect <htic>{,<vtic>}}
- {[no]enhanced}
-
- {mono|ansi|ansi256|ansirgb}
-
- where <xchars> and <ychars> set the size of the text block. The
-default is 79 by 24. The last newline is printed only if 'feed' is
-enabled.
-
- The 'aspect' option can be used to control the aspect ratio of the
-plot by setting the length of the horizontal and vertical tic marks.
-Only integer values are allowed. Default is 2,1 - corresponding to the
-aspect ratio of common screen fonts.
-
- The 'ansi', 'ansi256', and 'ansirgb' options will include escape
-sequences in the output to handle colors. Note that these might not be
-handled by your terminal. Default is 'mono'. To obtain the best color
-match in 'ansi' mode, you should use 'set colorsequence classic'.
-Depending on the mode, the 'dumb' terminal will emit the folowing
-sequences (without the additional whitespace):
-
- ESC [ 0 m reset attributes to defaults
- foreground color:
- ESC [ 1 m set intense/bold
- ESC [ 22 m intense/bold off
- ESC [ <fg> m with color code 30 <= <fg> <= 37
- ESC [ 39 m reset to default
- ESC [ 38; 5; <c> m with palette index 16 <= <c> <= 255
- ESC [ 38; 2; <r>; <g>; <b> m with components 0 <= <r,g,b> <= 255
- background color:
- ESC [ <bg> m with color code 40 <= <bg> <= 47
- ESC [ 49 m reset to default
- ESC [ 48; 5; <c> m with palette index 16 <= <c> <= 231
- ESC [ 48; 2; <r>; <g>; <b> m with components 0 <= <r,g,b> <= 255
-
-
- See also e.g. the description at
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Colors
-(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Colors)
-
- Example:
- set term dumb mono size 60,15 aspect 1
- set tics nomirror scale 0.5
- plot [-5:6.5] sin(x) with impulse ls -1
-
-
- 1 +-------------------------------------------------+
- 0.8 +|||++ ++||||++ |
- 0.6 +|||||+ ++|||||||+ sin(x) +----+ |
- 0.4 +||||||+ ++|||||||||+ |
- 0.2 +|||||||+ ++|||||||||||+ +|
- 0 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++|
- -0.2 + +|||||||||||+ +|||||||||||+ |
- -0.4 + +|||||||||+ +|||||||||+ |
- -0.6 + +|||||||+ +|||||||+ |
- -0.8 + ++||||+ ++||||+ |
- -1 +---+--------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-+
- -4 -2 0 2 4 6 "
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dxf, Next: dxy800a, Prev: dumb, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.12 dxf
-----------
-
-Terminal driver 'dxf' for export to AutoCad (Release 10.x). It has no
-options. The default size is 120x80 AutoCad units. 'dxf' uses seven
-colors (white, red, yellow, green, cyan, blue and magenta) that can be
-changed only by modifying the source file. If a black-and-white
-plotting device is used the colors are mapped to differing line
-thicknesses. Note: someone please update to use the 2012 DXF standard!"
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dxy800a, Next: eepic, Prev: dxf, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.13 dxy800a
---------------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. This terminal driver supports the Roland DXY800A
-plotter. It has no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: eepic, Next: emf, Prev: dxy800a, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.14 eepic
-------------
-
-The 'eepic' terminal driver supports the extended LaTeX picture
-environment. It is an alternative to the 'latex' driver.
-
- The output of this terminal is intended for use with the "eepic.sty"
-macro package for LaTeX. To use it, you need "eepic.sty", "epic.sty" and
-a printer driver that supports the "tpic" \\specials. If your printer
-driver doesn't support those \\specials, "eepicemu.sty" will enable you
-to use some of them. dvips and dvipdfm do support the "tpic"
-\\specials.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal eepic {default} {color|dashed} {rotate} {size XX,YY}
- {small|tiny|<fontsize>}
-
-
- Options: You can give options in any order you wish. 'color' causes
-gnuplot to produce \\color{...} commands so that the graphs are colored.
-Using this option, you must include \\usepackage{color} in the preamble
-of your latex document. 'dashed' will allow dashed line types; without
-this option, only solid lines with varying thickness will be used.
-'dashed' and 'color' are mutually exclusive; if 'color' is specified,
-then 'dashed' will be ignored. 'rotate' will enable true rotated text
-(by 90 degrees). Otherwise, rotated text will be typeset with letters
-stacked above each other. If you use this option you must include
-\\usepackage{graphicx} in the preamble. 'small' will use \\scriptsize
-symbols as point markers (Probably does not work with TeX, only
-LaTeX2e). Default is to use the default math size. 'tiny' uses
-\\scriptscriptstyle symbols. 'default' resets all options to their
-defaults = no color, no dashed lines, pseudo-rotated (stacked) text,
-large point symbols. <fontsize> is a number which specifies the font
-size inside the picture environment; the unit is pt (points), i.e., 10
-pt equals approx. 3.5 mm. If fontsize is not specified, then all text
-inside the picture will be set in \\footnotesize.
-
- Notes: Remember to escape the # character (or other chars meaningful
-to (La-)TeX) by \\\\ (2 backslashes). It seems that dashed lines become
-solid lines when the vertices of a plot are too close. (I do not know
-if that is a general problem with the tpic specials, or if it is caused
-by a bug in eepic.sty or dvips/dvipdfm.) The default size of an eepic
-plot is 5x3 inches. You can change this using the *note size:: terminal
-option. Points, among other things, are drawn using the LaTeX commands
-"\\Diamond", "\\Box", etc. These commands no longer belong to the
-LaTeX2e core; they are included in the latexsym package, which is part
-of the base distribution and thus part of any LaTeX implementation.
-Please do not forget to use this package. Instead of latexsym, you can
-also include the amssymb package. All drivers for LaTeX offer a special
-way of controlling text positioning: If any text string begins with '{',
-you also need to include a '}' at the end of the text, and the whole
-text will be centered both horizontally and vertically. If the text
-string begins with '[', you need to follow this with a position
-specification (up to two out of t,b,l,r), ']{', the text itself, and
-finally '}'. The text itself may be anything LaTeX can typeset as an
-LR-box. '\\rule{}{}'s may help for best positioning.
-
- Examples: set term eepic
- output graphs as eepic macros inside a picture environment;
- \\input the resulting file in your LaTeX document.
-
- set term eepic color tiny rotate 8
- eepic macros with \\color macros, \\scripscriptsize point markers,
- true rotated text, and all text set with 8pt.
-
-
- About label positioning: Use gnuplot defaults (mostly sensible, but
-sometimes not really best):
- set title '\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $'
-
- Force centering both horizontally and vertically:
- set label '{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $}' at 0,0
-
- Specify own positioning (top here):
- set xlabel '[t]{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $}'
-
- The other label - account for long ticlabels:
- set ylabel '[r]{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $\\rule{7mm}{0pt}}'"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: emf, Next: emxvga, Prev: eepic, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.15 emf
-----------
-
-The 'emf' terminal generates an Enhanced Metafile Format file. This
-file format is recognized by many Windows applications.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal emf {color | monochrome}
- {enhanced {noproportional}}
- {rounded | butt}
- {linewidth <LW>} {dashlength <DL>}
- {size XX,YY} {background <rgb_color>}
- {font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"}
- {fontscale <scale>}
-
-
- In *note monochrome:: mode successive line types cycle through dash
-patterns. 'linewidth <factor>' multiplies all line widths by this
-factor. 'dashlength <factor>' is useful for thick lines. <fontname> is
-the name of a font; and '<fontsize>' is the size of the font in points.
-
- The nominal size of the output image defaults to 1024x768 in
-arbitrary units. You may specify a different nominal size using the
-*note size:: option.
-
- Enhanced text mode tries to approximate proportional character
-spacing. If you are using a monospaced font, or don't like the
-approximation, you can turn off this correction using the
-'noproportional' option.
-
- The default settings are 'color font "Arial,12" size 1024,768'
-Selecting 'default' sets all options to their default values.
-
- Examples:
- set terminal emf 'Times Roman Italic, 12'"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: emxvga, Next: epson_180dpi, Prev: emf, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.16 emxvga
--------------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. The 'emxvga', 'emxvesa' and 'vgal' terminal
-drivers support PCs with SVGA, vesa SVGA and VGA graphics boards,
-respectively. They are intended to be compiled with "emx-gcc" under
-either DOS or OS/2. They also need VESA and SVGAKIT maintained by
-Johannes Martin (JMARTIN@GOOFY.ZDV.UNI-MAINZ.DE) with additions by David
-J. Liu (liu@phri.nyu.edu).
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal emxvga
- set terminal emxvesa {vesa-mode}
- set terminal vgal
-
-
- The only option is the vesa mode for 'emxvesa', which defaults to
-G640x480x256."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: epson_180dpi, Next: excl, Prev: emxvga, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.17 epson_180dpi
--------------------
-
-Note: only available if gnuplot is configured -with-bitmap-terminals.
-This driver supports a family of Epson printers and derivatives.
-
- 'epson_180dpi' and 'epson_60dpi' are drivers for Epson LQ-style
-24-pin printers with resolutions of 180 and 60 dots per inch,
-respectively.
-
- 'epson_lx800' is a generic 9-pin driver appropriate for printers like
-the Epson LX-800, the Star NL-10 and NX-1000, the PROPRINTER, and so
-forth.
-
- 'nec_cp6' is generic 24-pin driver that can be used for printers like
-the NEC CP6 and the Epson LQ-800.
-
- The 'okidata' driver supports the 9-pin OKIDATA 320/321 Standard
-printers.
-
- The 'starc' driver is for the Star Color Printer.
-
- The 'tandy_60dpi' driver is for the Tandy DMP-130 series of 9-pin,
-60-dpi printers.
-
- The 'dpu414' driver is for the Seiko DPU-414 thermal printer.
-
- 'nec_cp6' has the options:
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal nec_cp6 {monochrome | colour | draft}
-
-
- which defaults to monochrome.
-
- 'dpu414' has the options:
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal dpu414 {small | medium | large} {normal | draft}
-
-
- which defaults to medium (=font size) and normal. Preferred
-combinations are 'medium normal' and 'small draft'.
-
- With each of these drivers, a binary copy is required on a PC to
-print. Do not use 'print'--use instead 'copy file /b lpt1:'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: excl, Next: fig, Prev: epson_180dpi, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.18 excl
------------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. The 'excl' terminal driver supports Talaris
-printers such as the EXCL Laser printer and the 1590. It has no
-options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: fig, Next: png_, Prev: excl, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.19 fig
-----------
-
-The 'fig' terminal device generates output in the Fig graphics language.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal fig {monochrome | color}
- {landscape | portrait}
- {small | big | size <xsize> <ysize>}
- {metric | inches}
- {pointsmax <max_points>}
- {solid | dashed}
- {font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"}
- {textnormal | {textspecial texthidden textrigid}}
- {{thickness|linewidth} <units>}
- {depth <layer>}
- {version <number>}
-
-
- *note monochrome:: and 'color' determine whether the picture is
-black-and-white or 'color'. 'small' and 'big' produce a 5x3 or 8x5 inch
-graph in the default 'landscape' mode and 3x5 or 5x8 inches in
-'portrait' mode. *note size:: sets (overrides) the size of the drawing
-area to <xsize>*<ysize> in units of inches or centimeters depending on
-the 'inches' or 'metric' setting in effect. The latter settings is also
-used as default units for editing with "xfig".
-
- 'pointsmax <max_points>' sets the maximum number of points per
-polyline.
-
- 'solid' inhibits automatic usage of 'dash'ed lines when solid
-linestyles are used up, which otherwise occurs.
-
- 'font' sets the text font face to <fontname> and its size to
-<fontsize> points. 'textnormal' resets the text flags and selects
-postscript fonts, 'textspecial' sets the text flags for LaTeX specials,
-'texthidden' sets the hidden flag and 'textrigid' the rigid flag.
-
- 'depth' sets the default depth layer for all lines and text. The
-default depth is 10 to leave room for adding material with "xfig" on top
-of the plot.
-
- *note version:: sets the format version of the generated fig output.
-Currently only versions 3.1 and 3.2 are supported.
-
- 'thickness' sets the default line thickness, which is 1 if not
-specified. Overriding the thickness can be achieved by adding a
-multiple of 100 to the 'linetype' value for a 'plot' command. In a
-similar way the 'depth' of plot elements (with respect to the default
-depth) can be controlled by adding a multiple of 1000 to <linetype>.
-The depth is then <layer> + <linetype>/1000 and the thickness is
-(<linetype>%1000)/100 or, if that is zero, the default line thickness.
-'linewidth' is a synonym for 'thickness'.
-
- Additional point-plot symbols are also available with the 'fig'
-driver. The symbols can be used through 'pointtype' values % 100 above
-50, with different fill intensities controlled by <pointtype> % 5 and
-outlines in black (for <pointtype> % 10 < 5) or in the current color.
-Available symbols are
- 50 - 59: circles
- 60 - 69: squares
- 70 - 79: diamonds
- 80 - 89: upwards triangles
- 90 - 99: downwards triangles
-
- The size of these symbols is linked to the font size. The depth of
-symbols is by default one less than the depth for lines to achieve nice
-error bars. If <pointtype> is above 1000, the depth is <layer> +
-<pointtype>/1000-1. If <pointtype>%1000 is above 100, the fill color is
-(<pointtype>%1000)/100-1.
-
- Available fill colors are (from 1 to 9): black, blue, green, cyan,
-red, magenta, yellow, white and dark blue (in monochrome mode: black for
-1 to 6 and white for 7 to 9).
-
- See *note with:: for details of <linetype> and <pointtype>.
-
- The 'big' option is a substitute for the 'bfig' terminal in earlier
-versions, which is no longer supported.
-
- Examples:
- set terminal fig monochrome small pointsmax 1000 # defaults
-
-
- plot 'file.dat' with points linetype 102 pointtype 759
-
- would produce circles with a blue outline of width 1 and yellow fill
-color.
-
- plot 'file.dat' using 1:2:3 with err linetype 1 pointtype 554
-
- would produce errorbars with black lines and circles filled red.
-These circles are one layer above the lines (at depth 9 by default).
-
- To plot the error bars on top of the circles use
- plot 'file.dat' using 1:2:3 with err linetype 1 pointtype 2554"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: png_, Next: ggi, Prev: fig, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.20 png
-----------
-
-Syntax:
- set terminal png
- {{no}enhanced}
- {{no}transparent} {{no}interlace}
- {{no}truecolor} {rounded|butt}
- {linewidth <lw>} {dashlength <dl>}
- {tiny | small | medium | large | giant}
- {font "<face> {,<pointsize>}"} {fontscale <scale>}
- {size <x>,<y>} {{no}crop}
- {background <rgb_color>}
-
-
- PNG, JPEG and GIF images are created using the external library
-libgd. PNG plots may be viewed interactively by piping the output to
-the 'display' program from the ImageMagick package as follows:
- set term png
- set output '| display png:-'
-
- You can view the output from successive plot commands interactively
-by typing <space> in the display window. To save the current plot to a
-file, left click in the display window and choose *note save::.
-
- 'transparent' instructs the driver to make the background color
-transparent. Default is 'notransparent'.
-
- 'interlace' instructs the driver to generate interlaced PNGs.
-Default is 'nointerlace'.
-
- The 'linewidth' and 'dashlength' options are scaling factors that
-affect all lines drawn, i.e. they are multiplied by values requested in
-various drawing commands.
-
- By default output png images use 256 indexed colors. The 'truecolor'
-option instead creates TrueColor images with 24 bits of color
-information per pixel. Transparent fill styles require the 'truecolor'
-option. See 'fillstyle'. A transparent background is possible in
-either indexed or TrueColor images.
-
- 'butt' instructs the driver to use a line drawing method that does
-not overshoot the desired end point of a line. This setting is only
-applicable for line widths greater than 1. This setting is most useful
-when drawing horizontal or vertical lines. Default is 'rounded'.
-
- The details of font selection are complicated. Two equivalent simple
-examples are given below:
- set term png font arial 11
- set term png font "arial,11"
-
- For more information please see the separate section under 'fonts'.
-
- The output plot size <x,y> is given in pixels--it defaults to
-640x480. Please see additional information under 'canvas' and *note
-size::. Blank space at the edges of the finished plot may be trimmed
-using the 'crop' option, resulting in a smaller final image size.
-Default is 'nocrop'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* examples__::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: examples__, Prev: png_, Up: png_
-
-4.1.20.1 examples
-.................
-
- set terminal png medium size 640,480 background '#ffffff'
-
-
- Use the medium size built-in non-scaleable, non-rotatable font. Use
-white (24-bit RGB in hexadecimal) for the non-transparent background.
-
- set terminal png font arial 14 size 800,600
-
-
- Searches for a scalable font with face name 'arial' and sets the font
-size to 14pt. Please see 'fonts' for details of how the font search is
-done.
-
- set terminal png transparent truecolor enhanced
-
-
- Use 24 bits of color information per pixel, with a transparent
-background. Use the 'enhanced text' mode to control the layout of
-strings to be printed.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: ggi, Next: gpic, Prev: png_, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.21 ggi
-----------
-
-Legacy terminal driver for the GGI (General Graphics Interface)
-project."
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal ggi [acceleration <integer>] [[mode] {mode}]
-
-
- In X the window cannot be resized using window manager handles, but
-the mode can be given with the mode option, e.g.:
- - V1024x768
- - V800x600
- - V640x480
- - V320x200
-
- Please refer to the ggi documentation for other modes. The 'mode'
-keyword is optional. It is recommended to select the target by
-environment variables as explained in the libggi manual page. To get
-DGA on X, you should for example
- bash> export GGI_DISPLAY=DGA
- csh> setenv GGI_DISPLAY DGA
-
-
- 'acceleration' is only used for targets which report relative pointer
-motion events (e.g. DGA) and is a strictly positive integer
-multiplication factor for the relative distances. The default for
-acceleration is 7.
-
- Examples:
- set term ggi acc 10
- set term ggi acc 1 mode V1024x768
- set term ggi V1024x768"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: gpic, Next: grass, Prev: ggi, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.22 gpic
------------
-
-The 'gpic' terminal driver generates GPIC graphs in the Free Software
-Foundations's "groff" package. The default size is 5 x 3 inches. The
-only option is the origin, which defaults to (0,0).
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal gpic {<x> <y>}
-
-
- where 'x' and 'y' are in inches.
-
- A simple graph can be formatted using
-
- groff -p -mpic -Tps file.pic > file.ps.
-
-
- The output from pic can be pipe-lined into eqn, so it is possible to
-put complex functions in a graph with the 'set label' and 'set
-{x/y}label' commands. For instance,
-
- set ylab '@space 0 int from 0 to x alpha ( t ) roman d t@'
-
-
- will label the y axis with a nice integral if formatted with the
-command:
-
- gpic filename.pic | geqn -d@@ -Tps | groff -m[macro-package] -Tps
- > filename.ps
-
-
- Figures made this way can be scaled to fit into a document. The pic
-language is easy to understand, so the graphs can be edited by hand if
-need be. All co-ordinates in the pic-file produced by 'gnuplot' are
-given as x+gnuplotx and y+gnuploty. By default x and y are given the
-value 0. If this line is removed with an editor in a number of files,
-one can put several graphs in one figure like this (default size is
-5.0x3.0 inches):
-
- .PS 8.0
- x=0;y=3
- copy "figa.pic"
- x=5;y=3
- copy "figb.pic"
- x=0;y=0
- copy "figc.pic"
- x=5;y=0
- copy "figd.pic"
- .PE
-
-
- This will produce an 8-inch-wide figure with four graphs in two rows
-on top of each other.
-
- One can also achieve the same thing by specifying x and y in the
-command
-
- set terminal gpic x y
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: grass, Next: hp2623a, Prev: gpic, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.23 grass
-------------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. The 'grass' terminal driver gives 'gnuplot'
-capabilities to users of the GRASS geographic information system.
-Contact grassp-list@moon.cecer.army.mil for more information. Pages are
-written to the current frame of the GRASS Graphics Window. There are no
-options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hp2623a, Next: hp2648, Prev: grass, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.24 hp2623a
---------------
-
-The 'hp2623a' terminal driver supports the Hewlett Packard HP2623A. It
-has no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hp2648, Next: hp500c, Prev: hp2623a, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.25 hp2648
--------------
-
-The 'hp2648' terminal driver supports the Hewlett Packard HP2647 and
-HP2648. It has no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hp500c, Next: hpgl, Prev: hp2648, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.26 hp500c
--------------
-
-Note: only available if gnuplot is configured -with-bitmap-terminals.
-The 'hp500c' terminal driver supports the Hewlett Packard HP DeskJet
-500c. It has options for resolution and compression.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal hp500c {<res>} {<comp>}
-
-
- where 'res' can be 75, 100, 150 or 300 dots per inch and 'comp' can
-be "rle", or "tiff". Any other inputs are replaced by the defaults,
-which are 75 dpi and no compression. Rasterization at the higher
-resolutions may require a large amount of memory."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hpgl, Next: hpljii, Prev: hp500c, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.27 hpgl
------------
-
-The 'hpgl' driver produces HPGL output for devices like the HP7475A
-plotter. There are two options which can be set: the number of pens and
-'eject', which tells the plotter to eject a page when done. The default
-is to use 6 pens and not to eject the page when done.
-
- The international character sets ISO-8859-1 and CP850 are recognized
-via 'set encoding iso_8859_1' or 'set encoding cp850' (see *note
-encoding:: for details).
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal hpgl {<number_of_pens>} {eject}
-
-
- The selection
-
- set terminal hpgl 8 eject
-
-
- is equivalent to the previous 'hp7550' terminal, and the selection
-
- set terminal hpgl 4
-
-
- is equivalent to the previous 'hp7580b' terminal.
-
- The 'pcl5' driver supports plotters such as the Hewlett-Packard
-Designjet 750C, the Hewlett-Packard Laserjet III, and the
-Hewlett-Packard Laserjet IV. It actually uses HPGL-2, but there is a
-name conflict among the terminal devices. It has several options which
-must be specified in the order indicated below:
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal pcl5 {mode <mode>} {<plotsize>}
- {{color {<number_of_pens>}} | monochrome} {solid | dashed}
- {font <font>} {size <fontsize>} {pspoints | nopspoints}
-
-
- <mode> is 'landscape' or 'portrait'. <plotsize> is the physical
-plotting size of the plot, which is one of the following: 'letter' for
-standard (8 1/2" X 11") displays, 'legal' for (8 1/2" X 14") displays,
-'noextended' for (36" X 48") displays (a letter size ratio) or,
-'extended' for (36" X 55") displays (almost a legal size ratio).
-'color' is for multi-pen (i.e. color) plots, and <number_of_pens> is
-the number of pens (i.e. colors) used in color plots. *note
-monochrome:: is for one (e.g. black) pen plots. 'solid' draws all
-lines as solid lines, or 'dashed' will draw lines with different dashed
-and dotted line patterns. <font> is 'stick', 'univers', 'cg_times',
-'zapf_dingbats', 'antique_olive', 'arial', 'courier',
-'garamond_antigua', 'letter_gothic', 'cg_omega', 'albertus',
-'times_new_roman', 'clarendon', 'coronet', 'marigold',
-'truetype_symbols', or 'wingdings'. <fontsize> is the font size in
-points. The point type selection can be the standard default set by
-specifying 'nopspoints', or the same set of point types found in the
-postscript terminal by specifying 'pspoints'.
-
- Note that built-in support of some of these options is printer device
-dependent. For instance, all the fonts are supposedly supported by the
-HP Laserjet IV, but only a few (e.g. univers, stick) may be supported
-by the HP Laserjet III and the Designjet 750C. Also, color obviously
-won't work on the the laserjets since they are monochrome devices.
-
- Defaults: landscape, noextended, color (6 pens), solid, univers, 12
-point,
- and nopspoints.
-
-
- With 'pcl5' international characters are handled by the printer; you
-just put the appropriate 8-bit character codes into the text strings.
-You don't need to bother with *note encoding::.
-
- HPGL graphics can be imported by many software packages."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hpljii, Next: hppj, Prev: hpgl, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.28 hpljii
--------------
-
-Note: only available if gnuplot is configured -with-bitmap-terminals.
-The 'hpljii' terminal driver supports the HP Laserjet Series II printer.
-The 'hpdj' driver supports the HP DeskJet 500 printer. These drivers
-allow a choice of resolutions.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal hpljii | hpdj {<res>}
-
-
- where 'res' may be 75, 100, 150 or 300 dots per inch; the default is
-75. Rasterization at the higher resolutions may require a large amount
-of memory.
-
- The 'hp500c' terminal is similar to 'hpdj'; 'hp500c' additionally
-supports color and compression."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: hppj, Next: imagen, Prev: hpljii, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.29 hppj
------------
-
-Note: only available if gnuplot is configured -with-bitmap-terminals.
-The 'hppj' terminal driver supports the HP PaintJet and HP3630 printers.
-The only option is the choice of font.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal hppj {FNT5X9 | FNT9X17 | FNT13X25}
-
-
- with the middle-sized font (FNT9X17) being the default."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: imagen, Next: kyo, Prev: hppj, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.30 imagen
--------------
-
-The 'imagen' terminal driver supports Imagen laser printers. It is
-capable of placing multiple graphs on a single page.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal imagen {<fontsize>} {portrait | landscape}
- {[<horiz>,<vert>]}
-
-
- where 'fontsize' defaults to 12 points and the layout defaults to
-'landscape'. '<horiz>' and '<vert>' are the number of graphs in the
-horizontal and vertical directions; these default to unity.
-
- Example:
- set terminal imagen portrait [2,3]
-
-
- puts six graphs on the page in three rows of two in portrait
-orientation."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: kyo, Next: latex, Prev: imagen, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.31 kyo
-----------
-
-The 'kyo' and 'prescribe' terminal drivers support the Kyocera laser
-printer. The only difference between the two is that 'kyo' uses
-"Helvetica" whereas 'prescribe' uses "Courier". There are no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: latex, Next: linux, Prev: kyo, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.32 latex
-------------
-
-Syntax:
- set terminal {latex | emtex} {default | {courier|roman}
{<fontsize>}}
- {size <XX>{unit}, <YY>{unit}} {rotate | norotate}
-
-
- By default the plot will inherit font settings from the embedding
-document. You have the option of forcing either Courier (cmtt) or Roman
-(cmr) fonts instead. In this case you may also specify a fontsize.
-Unless your driver is capable of building fonts at any size (e.g.
-dvips), stick to the standard 10, 11 and 12 point sizes.
-
- METAFONT users beware: METAFONT does not like odd sizes.
-
- All drivers for LaTeX offer a special way of controlling text
-positioning: If any text string begins with '{', you also need to
-include a '}' at the end of the text, and the whole text will be
-centered both horizontally and vertically. If the text string begins
-with '[', you need to follow this with a position specification (up to
-two out of t,b,l,r), ']{', the text itself, and finally '}'. The text
-itself may be anything LaTeX can typeset as an LR-box. '\\rule{}{}'s
-may help for best positioning.
-
- Points, among other things, are drawn using the LaTeX commands
-"\\Diamond" and "\\Box". These commands no longer belong to the LaTeX2e
-core; they are included in the latexsym package, which is part of the
-base distribution and thus part of any LaTeX implementation. Please do
-not forget to use this package. Other point types use symbols from the
-amssymb package.
-
- The default size for the plot is 5 inches by 3 inches. The *note
-size:: option changes this to whatever the user requests. By default
-the X and Y sizes are taken to be in inches, but other units are
-possible (currently only cm).
-
- If 'rotate' is specified, rotated text, especially a rotated y-axis
-label, is possible (the packages graphics or graphicx are needed). The
-'stacked' y-axis label mechanism is then deactivated.
-
- Examples: About label positioning: Use gnuplot defaults (mostly
-sensible, but sometimes not really best):
- set title '\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $'
-
- Force centering both horizontally and vertically:
- set label '{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $}' at 0,0
-
- Specify own positioning (top here):
- set xlabel '[t]{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $}'
-
- The other label - account for long ticlabels:
- set ylabel '[r]{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $\\rule{7mm}{0pt}}'"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: linux, Next: lua, Prev: latex, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.33 linux
-------------
-
-DEPRECATED (will be removed in next gnuplot release). The 'linux'
-driver has no additional options to specify. It looks at the
-environment variable GSVGAMODE for the default mode; if not set, it uses
-1024x768x256 as default mode or, if that is not possible, 640x480x16
-(standard VGA)."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: lua, Next: mf, Prev: linux, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.34 lua
-----------
-
-The 'lua' generic terminal driver works in conjunction with an external
-Lua script to create a target-specific plot file. Currently the only
-supported target is TikZ -> pdflatex.
-
- Information about Lua is available at http://www.lua.org .
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal lua <target name> | "<file name>"
- {<script_args> ...}
- {help}
-
-
- A 'target name' or 'file name' (in quotes) for a script is mandatory.
-If a 'target name' for the script is given, the terminal will look for
-"gnuplot-<target name>.lua" in the local directory and on failure in the
-environmental variable GNUPLOT_LUA_DIR.
-
- All arguments will be provided to the selected script for further
-evaluation. E.g. 'set term lua tikz help' will cause the script itself
-to print additional help on options and choices for the script.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mf, Next: mp, Prev: lua, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.35 mf
----------
-
-The 'mf' terminal driver creates an input file to the METAFONT program.
-Thus a figure may be used in the TeX document in the same way as is a
-character.
-
- To use a picture in a document, the METAFONT program must be run with
-the output file from 'gnuplot' as input. Thus, the user needs a basic
-knowledge of the font creating process and the procedure for including a
-new font in a document. However, if the METAFONT program is set up
-properly at the local site, an unexperienced user could perform the
-operation without much trouble.
-
- The text support is based on a METAFONT character set. Currently the
-Computer Modern Roman font set is input, but the user is in principal
-free to choose whatever fonts he or she needs. The METAFONT source
-files for the chosen font must be available. Each character is stored
-in a separate picture variable in METAFONT. These variables may be
-manipulated (rotated, scaled etc.) when characters are needed. The
-drawback is the interpretation time in the METAFONT program. On some
-machines (i.e. PC) the limited amount of memory available may also
-cause problems if too many pictures are stored.
-
- The 'mf' terminal has no options.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* METAFONT_Instructions::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: METAFONT_Instructions, Prev: mf, Up: mf
-
-4.1.35.1 METAFONT Instructions
-..............................
-
-- Set your terminal to METAFONT:
- set terminal mf
-
- - Select an output-file, e.g.:
- set output "myfigures.mf"
-
- - Create your pictures. Each picture will generate a separate
-character. Its default size will be 5*3 inches. You can change the
-size by saying 'set size 0.5,0.5' or whatever fraction of the default
-size you want to have.
-
- - Quit 'gnuplot'.
-
- - Generate a TFM and GF file by running METAFONT on the output of
-'gnuplot'. Since the picture is quite large (5*3 in), you will have to
-use a version of METAFONT that has a value of at least 150000 for
-memmax. On Unix systems these are conventionally installed under the
-name bigmf. For the following assume that the command virmf stands for
-a big version of METAFONT. For example:
-
- - Invoke METAFONT:
- virmf '&plain'
-
- - Select the output device: At the METAFONT prompt ('*') type:
- \\mode:=CanonCX; % or whatever printer you use
-
- - Optionally select a magnification:
- mag:=1; % or whatever you wish
-
- - Input the 'gnuplot'-file:
- input myfigures.mf
-
- On a typical Unix machine there will usually be a script called "mf"
-that executes virmf '&plain', so you probably can substitute mf for
-virmf &plain. This will generate two files: mfput.tfm and mfput.$$$gf
-(where $$$ indicates the resolution of your device). The above can be
-conveniently achieved by typing everything on the command line, e.g.:
-virmf '&plain' '\\mode:=CanonCX; mag:=1; input myfigures.mf' In this
-case the output files will be named myfigures.tfm and myfigures.300gf.
-
- - Generate a PK file from the GF file using gftopk:
- gftopk myfigures.300gf myfigures.300pk
-
- The name of the output file for gftopk depends on the DVI driver you
-use. Ask your local TeX administrator about the naming conventions.
-Next, either install the TFM and PK files in the appropriate
-directories, or set your environment variables properly. Usually this
-involves setting TEXFONTS to include the current directory and doing the
-same thing for the environment variable that your DVI driver uses (no
-standard name here...). This step is necessary so that TeX will find
-the font metric file and your DVI driver will find the PK file.
-
- - To include your pictures in your document you have to tell TeX the
-font:
- \\font\\gnufigs=myfigures
-
- Each picture you made is stored in a single character. The first
-picture is character 0, the second is character 1, and so on... After
-doing the above step, you can use the pictures just like any other
-characters. Therefore, to place pictures 1 and 2 centered in your
-document, all you have to do is:
- \\centerline{\\gnufigs\\char0}
- \\centerline{\\gnufigs\\char1}
-
- in plain TeX. For LaTeX you can, of course, use the picture
-environment and place the picture wherever you wish by using the
-\\makebox and \\put macros.
-
- This conversion saves you a lot of time once you have generated the
-font; TeX handles the pictures as characters and uses minimal time to
-place them, and the documents you make change more often than the
-pictures do. It also saves a lot of TeX memory. One last advantage of
-using the METAFONT driver is that the DVI file really remains device
-independent, because no \\special commands are used as in the eepic and
-tpic drivers."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mp, Next: mif, Prev: mf, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.36 mp
----------
-
-The 'mp' driver produces output intended to be input to the Metapost
-program. Running Metapost on the file creates EPS files containing the
-plots. By default, Metapost passes all text through TeX. This has the
-advantage of allowing essentially any TeX symbols in titles and labels.
-
- Syntax:
- set term mp {color | colour | monochrome}
- {solid | dashed}
- {notex | tex | latex}
- {magnification <magsize>}
- {psnfss | psnfss-version7 | nopsnfss}
- {prologues <value>}
- {a4paper}
- {amstex}
- {"<fontname> {,<fontsize>}"}
-
-
- The option 'color' causes lines to be drawn in color (on a printer or
-display that supports it), *note monochrome:: (or nothing) selects black
-lines. The option 'solid' draws solid lines, while 'dashed' (or
-nothing) selects lines with different patterns of dashes. If 'solid' is
-selected but 'color' is not, nearly all lines will be identical. This
-may occasionally be useful, so it is allowed.
-
- The option 'notex' bypasses TeX entirely, therefore no TeX code can
-be used in labels under this option. This is intended for use on old
-plot files or files that make frequent use of common characters like '$'
-and '%' that require special handling in TeX.
-
- The option 'tex' sets the terminal to output its text for TeX to
-process.
-
- The option 'latex' sets the terminal to output its text for
-processing by LaTeX. This allows things like \\frac for fractions which
-LaTeX knows about but TeX does not. Note that you must set the
-environment variable TEX to the name of your LaTeX executable (normally
-latex) if you use this option or use 'mpost -tex=<name of LaTeX
-executable> ...'. Otherwise metapost will try and use TeX to process
-the text and it won't work.
-
- Changing font sizes in TeX has no effect on the size of mathematics,
-and there is no foolproof way to make such a change, except by globally
-setting a magnification factor. This is the purpose of the
-'magnification' option. It must be followed by a scaling factor. All
-text (NOT the graphs) will be scaled by this factor. Use this if you
-have math that you want at some size other than the default 10pt.
-Unfortunately, all math will be the same size, but see the discussion
-below on editing the MP output. 'mag' will also work under 'notex' but
-there seems no point in using it as the font size option (below) works
-as well.
-
- The option 'psnfss' uses postscript fonts in combination with LaTeX.
-Since this option only makes sense, if LaTeX is being used, the 'latex'
-option is selected automatically. This option includes the following
-packages for LaTeX: inputenc(latin1), fontenc(T1), mathptmx,
-helvet(scaled=09.2), courier, latexsym and textcomp.
-
- The option 'psnfss-version7' uses also postscript fonts in LaTeX
-(option 'latex' is also automatically selected), but uses the following
-packages with LaTeX: inputenc(latin1), fontenc(T1), times, mathptmx,
-helvet and courier.
-
- The option 'nopsnfss' is the default and uses the standard font
-(cmr10 if not otherwise specified).
-
- The option 'prologues' takes a value as an additional argument and
-adds the line 'prologues:=<value>' to the metapost file. If a value of
-'2' is specified metapost uses postscript fonts to generate the
-eps-file, so that the result can be viewed using e.g. ghostscript.
-Normally the output of metapost uses TeX fonts and therefore has to be
-included in a (La)TeX file before you can look at it.
-
- The option 'noprologues' is the default. No additional line
-specifying the prologue will be added.
-
- The option 'a4paper' adds a '[a4paper]' to the documentclass.
-Normally letter paper is used (default). Since this option is only used
-in case of LaTeX, the 'latex' option is selected automatically.
-
- The option 'amstex' automatically selects the 'latex' option and
-includes the following LaTeX packages: amsfonts, amsmath(intlimits). By
-default these packages are not included.
-
- A name in quotes selects the font that will be used when no explicit
-font is given in a 'set label' or *note title::. A name recognized by
-TeX (a TFM file exists) must be used. The default is "cmr10" unless
-'notex' is selected, then it is "pcrr8r" (Courier). Even under 'notex',
-a TFM file is needed by Metapost. The file 'pcrr8r.tfm' is the name
-given to Courier in LaTeX's psnfss package. If you change the font from
-the 'notex' default, choose a font that matches the ASCII encoding at
-least in the range 32-126. 'cmtt10' almost works, but it has a nonblank
-character in position 32 (space).
-
- The size can be any number between 5.0 and 99.99. If it is omitted,
-10.0 is used. It is advisable to use 'magstep' sizes: 10 times an
-integer or half-integer power of 1.2, rounded to two decimals, because
-those are the most available sizes of fonts in TeX systems.
-
- All the options are optional. If font information is given, it must
-be at the end, with size (if present) last. The size is needed to
-select a size for the font, even if the font name includes size
-information. For example, 'set term mp "cmtt12"' selects cmtt12 shrunk
-to the default size 10. This is probably not what you want or you would
-have used cmtt10.
-
- The following common ascii characters need special treatment in TeX:
- $, &, #, %, _; |, <, >; ^, ~, \\, {, and }
-
- The five characters $, #, &, _, and % can simply be escaped, e.g.,
-'\\$'. The three characters <, >, and | can be wrapped in math mode,
-e.g., '$<$'. The remainder require some TeX work-arounds. Any good
-book on TeX will give some guidance.
-
- If you type your labels inside double quotes, backslashes in TeX code
-need to be escaped (doubled). Using single quotes will avoid having to
-do this, but then you cannot use '\\n' for line breaks. As of this
-writing, version 3.7 of gnuplot processes titles given in a 'plot'
-command differently than in other places, and backslashes in TeX
-commands need to be doubled regardless of the style of quotes.
-
- Metapost pictures are typically used in TeX documents. Metapost
-deals with fonts pretty much the same way TeX does, which is different
-from most other document preparation programs. If the picture is
-included in a LaTeX document using the graphics package, or in a
-plainTeX document via epsf.tex, and then converted to PostScript with
-dvips (or other dvi-to-ps converter), the text in the plot will usually
-be handled correctly. However, the text may not appear if you send the
-Metapost output as-is to a PostScript interpreter.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Metapost_Instructions::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Metapost_Instructions, Prev: mp, Up: mp
-
-4.1.36.1 Metapost Instructions
-..............................
-
-- Set your terminal to Metapost, e.g.:
- set terminal mp mono "cmtt12" 12
-
-
- - Select an output-file, e.g.:
- set output "figure.mp"
-
-
- - Create your pictures. Each plot (or multiplot group) will generate
-a separate Metapost beginfig...endfig group. Its default size will be 5
-by 3 inches. You can change the size by saying 'set size 0.5,0.5' or
-whatever fraction of the default size you want to have.
-
- - Quit gnuplot.
-
- - Generate EPS files by running Metapost on the output of gnuplot:
- mpost figure.mp OR mp figure.mp
-
- The name of the Metapost program depends on the system, typically
-'mpost' for a Unix machine and 'mp' on many others. Metapost will
-generate one EPS file for each picture.
-
- - To include your pictures in your document you can use the graphics
-package in LaTeX or epsf.tex in plainTeX:
- \\usepackage{graphics} % LaTeX
- \\input epsf.tex % plainTeX
-
- If you use a driver other than dvips for converting TeX DVI output to
-PS, you may need to add the following line in your LaTeX document:
- \\DeclareGraphicsRule{*}{eps}{*}{}
-
- Each picture you made is in a separate file. The first picture is
-in, e.g., figure.0, the second in figure.1, and so on.... To place the
-third picture in your document, for example, all you have to do is:
- \\includegraphics{figure.2} % LaTeX
- \\epsfbox{figure.2} % plainTeX
-
-
- The advantage, if any, of the mp terminal over a postscript terminal
-is editable output. Considerable effort went into making this output as
-clean as possible. For those knowledgeable in the Metapost language,
-the default line types and colors can be changed by editing the arrays
-'lt[]' and 'col[]'. The choice of solid vs dashed lines, and color vs
-black lines can be change by changing the values assigned to the
-booleans 'dashedlines' and 'colorlines'. If the default 'tex' option
-was in effect, global changes to the text of labels can be achieved by
-editing the 'vebatimtex...etex' block. In particular, a LaTeX preamble
-can be added if desired, and then LaTeX's built-in size changing
-commands can be used for maximum flexibility. Be sure to set the
-appropriate MP configuration variable to force Metapost to run LaTeX
-instead of plainTeX."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: mif, Next: pbm, Prev: mp, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.37 mif
-----------
-
-Note: Legacy terminal. The 'mif' terminal driver produces Frame Maker
-MIF format version 3.00. It plots in MIF Frames with the size 15*10 cm,
-and plot primitives with the same pen will be grouped in the same MIF
-group. Plot primitives in a 'gnuplot' page will be plotted in a MIF
-Frame, and several MIF Frames are collected in one large MIF Frame. The
-MIF font used for text is "Times".
-
- Several options may be set in the MIF 3.00 driver.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal mif {color | colour | monochrome} {polyline | vectors}
- {help | ?}
-
-
- 'colour' plots lines with line types >= 0 in colour (MIF sep. 2-7)
-and *note monochrome:: plots all line types in black (MIF sep. 0).
-'polyline' plots curves as continuous curves and *note vectors:: plots
-curves as collections of vectors. *note help:: and '?' print online
-help on standard error output--both print a short description of the
-usage; *note help:: also lists the options.
-
- Examples:
- set term mif colour polylines # defaults
- set term mif # defaults
- set term mif vectors
- set term mif help"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pbm, Next: dospc, Prev: mif, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.38 pbm
-----------
-
-Note: only available if gnuplot is configured -with-bitmap-terminals.
-Syntax:
- set terminal pbm {<fontsize>} {<mode>} {size <x>,<y>}
-
-
- where <fontsize> is 'small', 'medium', or 'large' and <mode> is *note
-monochrome::, *note gray:: or 'color'. The default plot size is 640
-pixels wide and 480 pixels high. The output size is white-space padded
-to the nearest multiple of 8 pixels on both x and y. This empty space
-may be cropped later if needed.
-
- The output of the 'pbm' driver depends upon <mode>: *note
-monochrome:: produces a portable bitmap (one bit per pixel), *note
-gray:: a portable graymap (three bits per pixel) and 'color' a portable
-pixmap (color, four bits per pixel).
-
- The output of this driver can be used with various image conversion
-and manipulation utilities provided by NETPBM. Based on Jef Poskanzer's
-PBMPLUS package, NETPBM provides programs to convert the above PBM
-formats to GIF, TIFF, MacPaint, Macintosh PICT, PCX, X11 bitmap and many
-others. Complete information is available at
-http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/.
-
- Examples:
- set terminal pbm small monochrome # defaults
- set terminal pbm color medium size 800,600
- set output '| pnmrotate 45 | pnmtopng > tilted.png' # uses NETPBM"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: dospc, Next: pdf, Prev: pbm, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.39 dospc
-------------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. The 'dospc' terminal driver supports PCs with
-arbitrary graphics boards, which will be automatically detected. It
-should be used only if you are not using the gcc or Zortec C/C++
-compilers."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pdf, Next: pstricks, Prev: dospc, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.40 pdf
-----------
-
-[DEPRECATED] This terminal uses the non-free library PDFlib (GmbH
-Munchen)" to produce files in Portable Document Format. Unless you have
-a commercial license for PDFlib and need some special feature it
-provides you would do better to use the cairopdf terminal instead.
-Gnuplot can also export PDF files from wxt or qt interactive terminal
-sessions.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal pdf {monochrome|color|colour}
- {{no}enhanced}
- {fname "<font>"} {fsize <fontsize>}
- {font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"} {fontscale
<scale>}
- {linewidth <lw>} {rounded|butt}
- {dl <dashlength>}}
- {size <XX>{unit},<YY>{unit}}
-
-
- The default is to use a different color for each line type.
-Selecting 'monochome' will use black for all linetypes, Even in in mono
-mode you can still use explicit colors for filled areas or linestyles.
-
- where <font> is the name of the default font to use (default
-Helvetica) and <fontsize> is the font size (in points, default 12). For
-help on which fonts are available or how to install new ones, please see
-the documentation for your local installation of pdflib.
-
- The 'enhanced' option enables enhanced text processing features
-(subscripts, superscripts and mixed fonts). See 'enhanced'.
-
- The width of all lines in the plot can be increased by the factor <n>
-specified in 'linewidth'. Similarly 'dashlength' is a multiplier for
-the default dash spacing.
-
- 'rounded' sets line caps and line joins to be rounded; 'butt' is the
-default, butt caps and mitered joins.
-
- The default size for PDF output is 5 inches by 3 inches. The *note
-size:: option changes this to whatever the user requests. By default
-the X and Y sizes are taken to be in inches, but other units are
-possible (currently only cm).
-
- * does not work.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: pstricks, Next: qms, Prev: pdf, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.41 pstricks
----------------
-
-The 'pstricks' driver is intended for use with the "pstricks.sty" macro
-package for LaTeX. It is an alternative to the 'eepic' and 'latex'
-drivers. You need "pstricks.sty", and, of course, a printer that
-understands PostScript, or a converter such as Ghostscript.
-
- PSTricks is available via anonymous ftp from the /pub directory at
-Princeton.edu. This driver definitely does not come close to using the
-full capability of the PSTricks package.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal pstricks {hacktext | nohacktext} {unit | nounit}
-
-
- The first option invokes an ugly hack that gives nicer numbers; the
-second has to do with plot scaling. The defaults are 'hacktext' and
-'nounit'."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: qms, Next: regis, Prev: pstricks, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.42 qms
-----------
-
-The 'qms' terminal driver supports the QMS/QUIC Laser printer, the
-Talaris 1200 and others. It has no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: regis, Next: svg, Prev: qms, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.43 regis
-------------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. The 'regis' terminal device generates output in
-the REGIS graphics language. It has the option of using 4 (the default)
-or 16 colors.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal regis {4 | 16}"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: svg, Next: tek410x, Prev: regis, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.44 svg
-----------
-
-This terminal produces files in the W3C Scalable Vector Graphics format.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal svg {size <x>,<y> {|fixed|dynamic}}
- {mouse} {standalone | jsdir <dirname>}
- {name <plotname>}
- {font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"} {{no}enhanced}
- {fontscale <multiplier>}
- {rounded|butt|square} {solid|dashed} {linewidth
<lw>}
- {background <rgb_color>}
-
-
- where <x> and <y> are the size of the SVG plot to generate, 'dynamic'
-allows a svg-viewer to resize plot, whereas the default setting,
-'fixed', will request an absolute size.
-
- 'linewidth <w>' increases the width of all lines used in the figure
-by a factor of <w>.
-
- <font> is the name of the default font to use (default Arial) and
-<fontsize> is the font size (in points, default 12). SVG viewing
-programs may substitute other fonts when the file is displayed.
-
- The enhanced text mode syntax is shared with other gnuplot terminal
-types. See 'enhanced' for more details.
-
- The 'mouse' option tells gnuplot to add support for mouse tracking
-and for toggling individual plots on/off by clicking on the
-corresponding key entry. By default this is done by including a link
-that points to a script in a local directory, usually
-/usr/local/share/gnuplot/<version>/js. You can change this by using the
-'jsdir' option to specify either a different local directory or a
-general URL. The latter is usually appropriate if you are embedding the
-svg into a web page. Alternatively, the 'standalone' option embeds the
-mousing code in the svg document itself rather than linking to an
-external resource.
-
- When an SVG file will be used in conjunction with external files,
-e.g. if it is referenced by javascript code in a web page or parent
-document, then a unique name is required to avoid potential conflicting
-references to other SVG plots. Use the 'name' option to ensure
-uniqueness.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tek410x, Next: tek40, Prev: svg, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.45 tek410x
---------------
-
-The 'tek410x' terminal driver supports the 410x and 420x family of
-Tektronix terminals. It has no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tek40, Next: texdraw, Prev: tek410x, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.46 tek40
-------------
-
-Syntax:
- set terminal sixel {<fontsize>} {color|mono} {size <x>,<y>}
-
-
- The 'sixel' output format was originally used by DEC terminals and
-printers. For use with xterm emulation, xterm must be
-compiled/configured with "-enable-sixel-graphics" and started with "-ti
-340" on the command line. Menu option "sixelScrolling" should be
-selected. xterm/vt340 emulation limits plots to 16 simultaneous colors,
-but other emulators may permit more.
-
- This family of terminal drivers supports a variety of VT-like
-terminals. 'tek40xx' supports Tektronix 4010 and others as well as most
-TEK emulators. 'vttek' supports VT-like tek40xx terminal emulators.
-The following are present only if selected when gnuplot is built:
-'kc-tek40xx' supports MS-DOS Kermit Tek4010 terminal emulators in color;
-'km-tek40xx' supports them in monochrome. 'selanar' supports Selanar
-graphics. 'bitgraph' supports BBN Bitgraph terminals. None have any
-options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: texdraw, Next: tgif, Prev: tek40, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.47 texdraw
---------------
-
-The 'texdraw' terminal driver supports the LaTeX texdraw environment.
-It is intended for use with "texdraw.sty" and "texdraw.tex" in the
-texdraw package.
-
- Points, among other things, are drawn using the LaTeX commands
-"\\Diamond" and "\\Box". These commands no longer belong to the LaTeX2e
-core; they are included in the latexsym package, which is part of the
-base distribution and thus part of any LaTeX implementation. Please do
-not forget to use this package.
-
- It has no options."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tgif, Next: tkcanvas, Prev: texdraw, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.48 tgif
------------
-
-Tgif is an X11-based drawing tool--it has nothing to do with GIF.
-
- The 'tgif' driver supports a choice of font and font size and
-multiple graphs on the page. The proportions of the axes are not
-changed.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal tgif {portrait | landscape | default} {<[x,y]>}
- {monochrome | color}
- {{linewidth | lw} <LW>}
- {solid | dashed}
- {font "<fontname>{,<fontsize>}"}
-
-
- where <[x,y]> specifies the number of graphs in the x and y
-directions on the page, 'color' enables color, 'linewidth' scales all
-linewidths by <LW>, "<fontname>" is the name of a valid PostScript font,
-and <fontsize> specifies the size of the PostScript font. 'defaults'
-sets all options to their defaults: 'portrait', '[1,1]', 'color',
-'linewidth 1.0', 'dashed', '"Helvetica,18"'.
-
- The 'solid' option is usually prefered if lines are colored, as they
-often are in the editor. Hardcopy will be black-and-white, so 'dashed'
-should be chosen for that.
-
- Multiplot is implemented in two different ways.
-
- The first multiplot implementation is the standard gnuplot multiplot
-feature:
-
- set terminal tgif
- set output "file.obj"
- set multiplot
- set origin x01,y01
- set size xs,ys
- plot ...
- ...
- set origin x02,y02
- plot ...
- unset multiplot
-
-
- See *note multiplot:: for further information.
-
- The second version is the [x,y] option for the driver itself. The
-advantage of this implementation is that everything is scaled and placed
-automatically without the need for setting origins and sizes; the graphs
-keep their natural x/y proportions of 3/2 (or whatever is fixed by *note
-size::).
-
- If both multiplot methods are selected, the standard method is chosen
-and a warning message is given.
-
- Examples of single plots (or standard multiplot):
- set terminal tgif # defaults
- set terminal tgif "Times-Roman,24"
- set terminal tgif landscape
- set terminal tgif landscape solid
-
-
- Examples using the built-in multiplot mechanism:
- set terminal tgif portrait [2,4] # portrait; 2 plots in the x-
- # and 4 in the y-direction
- set terminal tgif [1,2] # portrait; 1 plot in the x-
- # and 2 in the y-direction
- set terminal tgif landscape [3,3] # landscape; 3 plots in both
- # directions"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tkcanvas, Next: tpic, Prev: tgif, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.49 tkcanvas
----------------
-
-This terminal driver generates Tk canvas widget commands in one of the
-following scripting languages: Tcl (default), Perl, Python, Ruby, or
-REXX.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal tkcanvas {tcl | perl | perltkx | python | ruby | rexx}
- {standalone | input}
- {interactive}
- {rounded | butt}
- {nobackground | background <rgb color>}
- {{no}rottext}
- {size <width>,<height>}
- {{no}enhanced}
- {externalimages | pixels}
-
-
- Execute the following sequence of Tcl/Tk commands to display the
-result:
-
- package require Tk
- # the following two lines are only required to support external
images
- package require img::png
- source resize.tcl
- source plot.tcl
- canvas .c -width 800 -height 600
- pack .c
- gnuplot .c
-
-
- Or, for Perl/Tk use a program like this:
-
- use Tk;
- my $top = MainWindow->new;
- my $c = $top->Canvas(-width => 800, -height => 600)->pack;
- my $gnuplot = do "plot.pl";
- $gnuplot->($c);
- MainLoop;
-
-
- Or, for Perl/Tkx use a program like this:
-
- use Tkx;
- my $top = Tkx::widget->new(".");
- my $c = $top->new_tk__canvas(-width => 800, -height => 600);
- $c->g_pack;
- my $gnuplot = do "plot.pl";
- $gnuplot->($c);
- Tkx::MainLoop();
-
-
- Or, for Python/Tkinter use a program like this:
-
- from tkinter import *
- from tkinter import font
- root = Tk()
- c = Canvas(root, width=800, height=600)
- c.pack()
- exec(open('plot.py').read())
- gnuplot(c)
- root.mainloop()
-
-
- Or, for Ruby/Tk use a program like this:
-
- require 'tk'
- root = TkRoot.new { title 'Ruby/Tk' }
- c = TkCanvas.new(root, 'width'=>800, 'height'=>600) { pack { } }
- load('plot.rb')
- gnuplot(c)
- Tk.mainloop
-
-
- Or, for Rexx/Tk use a program like this:
-
- /**/
- call RxFuncAdd 'TkLoadFuncs', 'rexxtk', 'TkLoadFuncs'
- call TkLoadFuncs
- cv = TkCanvas('.c', '-width', 800, '-height', 600)
- call TkPack cv
- call 'plot.rex' cv
- do forever
- cmd = TkWait()
- if cmd = 'AWinClose' then leave
- interpret 'call' cmd
- end
-
-
- The code generated by 'gnuplot' (in the above examples, this code is
-written to "plot.<ext>") contains the following procedures:
-
- gnuplot(canvas)
- takes the name of a canvas as its argument.
- When called, it clears the canvas, finds the size of the canvas and
- draws the plot in it, scaled to fit.
-
-
- gnuplot_plotarea()
- returns a list containing the borders of the plotting area
- (xleft, xright, ytop, ybot) in canvas screen coordinates."
- It works only for 2-dimensional plotting (`plot`).
-
-
- gnuplot_axisranges()
- returns the ranges of the two axes in plot coordinates
- (x1min, x1max, y1min, y1max, x2min, x2max, y2min, y2max).
- It works only for 2-dimensional plotting (`plot`).
-
-
- You can create self-contained, minimal scripts using the 'standalone'
-option. The default is 'input' which creates scripts which have to be
-source'd (or loaded or called or whatever the adequate term is for the
-language selected).
-
- If the 'interactive' option is specified, mouse clicking on a line
-segment will print the coordinates of its midpoint to stdout. The user
-can supersede this behavior by supplying a procedure
-user_gnuplot_coordinates which takes the following arguments:
- win id x1s y1s x2s y2s x1e y1e x2e y2e x1m y1m x2m y2m,
-
- i.e. the name of the canvas and the id of the line segment followed
-by the coordinates of its start and end point in the two possible axis
-ranges; the coordinates of the midpoint are only filled for logarithmic
-axes.
-
- By default the canvas is 'transparent', but an explicit background
-color can be set with the 'background' option.
-
- 'rounded' sets line caps and line joins to be rounded; 'butt' is the
-default: butt caps and mitered joins.
-
- Text at arbitrary angles can be activated with the 'rottext' option,
-which requires Tcl/Tk 8.6 or later. The default is 'norottext'.
-
- The *note size:: option tries to optimize the tic and font sizes for
-the given canvas size. By default an output size of 800 x 600 pixels is
-assumed.
-
- 'enhanced' selects 'enhanced text' processing (default), but is
-currently only available for Tcl.
-
- The 'pixels' (default) option selects the failsafe pixel-by-pixel
-image handler, see also 'image pixels'. The 'externalimages' option
-saves images as external png images, which are later loaded and scaled
-by the tkcanvas code. This option is only available for Tcl and display
-may be slow in some situations since the Tk image handler does not
-provide arbitrary scaling. Scripts need to source the provided
-rescale.tcl.
-
- Interactive mode is not yet implemented for Python/Tk and Rexx/Tk.
-Interactive mode for Ruby/Tk does not yet support
-user_gnuplot_coordinates."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: tpic, Next: vgagl, Prev: tkcanvas, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.50 tpic
------------
-
-The 'tpic' terminal driver supports the LaTeX picture environment with
-tpic \\specials. It is an alternative to the 'latex' and 'eepic'
-terminal drivers. Options are the point size, line width, and dot-dash
-interval.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal tpic <pointsize> <linewidth> <interval>
-
-
- where *note pointsize:: and 'linewidth' are integers in milli-inches
-and 'interval' is a float in inches. If a non-positive value is
-specified, the default is chosen: pointsize = 40, linewidth = 6,
-interval = 0.1.
-
- All drivers for LaTeX offer a special way of controlling text
-positioning: If any text string begins with '{', you also need to
-include a '}' at the end of the text, and the whole text will be
-centered both horizontally and vertically by LaTeX. -- If the text
-string begins with '[', you need to continue it with: a position
-specification (up to two out of t,b,l,r), ']{', the text itself, and
-finally, '}'. The text itself may be anything LaTeX can typeset as an
-LR-box. \\rule{}{}'s may help for best positioning.
-
- Examples: About label positioning: Use gnuplot defaults (mostly
-sensible, but sometimes not really best):
- set title '\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $'
-
- Force centering both horizontally and vertically:
- set label '{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $}' at 0,0
-
- Specify own positioning (top here):
- set xlabel '[t]{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $}'
-
- The other label - account for long ticlabels:
- set ylabel '[r]{\\LaTeX\\ -- $ \\gamma $\\rule{7mm}{0pt}}'"
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: vgagl, Next: VWS, Prev: tpic, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.51 vgagl
-------------
-
-DEPRECATED (will be removed in next gnuplot release). The 'vgagl'
-driver is a fast linux console driver with full mouse and pm3d support.
-It looks at the environment variable SVGALIB_DEFAULT_MODE for the
-default mode; if not set, it uses a 256 color mode with the highest
-available resolution.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal vgagl \\
- background [red] [[green] [blue]] \\
- [uniform | interpolate] \\
- [dump "file"] \\
-
- [mode]
-
-
- The color mode can also be given with the mode option. Both Symbolic
-names as G1024x768x256 and integers are allowed. The 'background'
-option takes either one or three integers in the range [0, 255]. If
-only one integers is supplied, it is taken as gray value for the
-background. If three integers are present, the background gets the
-corresponding color. The (mutually exclusive) options *note
-interpolate:: and 'uniform' control if color interpolation is done while
-drawing triangles (on by default).
-
- A 'screen dump file' can be specified with the 'dump "file"' option.
-If this option is present, (i.e the dump file name is not empty)
-pressing the key KP_Delete will write the file. This action cannot and
-cannot be rebound. The file is written in raw ppm (P6) format. Note
-that this option is reset each time the 'set term' command is issued.
-
- To get high resolution modes, you will probably have to modify the
-configuration file of libvga, usually /etc/vga/libvga.conf. Using the
-VESA fb is a good choice, but this needs to be compiled in the kernel.
-
- The vgagl driver uses the first *available* vga mode from the
-following list:
- - the driver which was supplied when setting vgagl, e.g. `set term vgagl
- G1024x768x256` would first check, if the G1024x768x256 mode is
available.
- - the environment variable SVGALIB_DEFAULT_MODE
- - G1024x768x256
- - G800x600x256
- - G640x480x256
- - G320x200x256
- - G1280x1024x256
- - G1152x864x256
- - G1360x768x256
- - G1600x1200x256
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: VWS, Next: windows, Prev: vgagl, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.52 VWS
-----------
-
-Note: legacy terminal. The 'VWS' terminal driver supports the VAX
-Windowing System. It has no options. It will sense the display type
-(monochrome, gray scale, or color.) All line styles are plotted as
-solid lines."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: windows, Next: wxt, Prev: VWS, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.53 windows
---------------
-
-The 'windows' terminal is a fast interactive terminal driver that uses
-the Windows GDI to draw and write text. The cross-platform 'terminal
-wxt' and 'terminal qt' are also supported on Windows.
-
- Syntax:
- set terminal windows {<n>}
- {color | monochrome}
- {solid | dashed}
- {rounded | butt}
- {enhanced | noenhanced}
- {font <fontspec>}
- {fontscale <scale>}
- {linewdith <scale>}
- {pointscale <scale>}
- {background <rgb color>}
- {title "Plot Window Title"}
- {{size | wsize} <width>,<height>}
- {position <x>,<y>}
- {docked {layout <rows>,<cols>} | standalone}
- {close}
-
-
- Multiple plot windows are supported: 'set terminal win <n>' directs
-the output to plot window number n.
-
- 'color' and *note monochrome:: select colored or mono output,
-'dashed' and 'solid' select dashed or solid lines. Note that 'color'
-defaults to 'solid', whereas *note monochrome:: defaults to 'dashed'.
-'rounded' sets line caps and line joins to be rounded; 'butt' is the
-default, butt caps and mitered joins. 'enhanced' enables enhanced text
-mode features (subscripts, superscripts and mixed fonts, see 'enhanced
-text' for more information). '<fontspec>' is in the format
-"<fontface>,<fontsize>", where "<fontface>" is the name of a valid
-Windows font, and <fontsize> is the size of the font in points and both
-components are optional. Note that in previous versions of gnuplot the
-'font' statement could be left out and <fontsize> could be given as a
-number without double quotes. This is no longer supported.
-'linewidth', 'fontscale', 'pointscale' can be used to scale the width of
-lines, the size of text, or the size of the point symbols. *note
-title:: changes the title of the graph window. *note size:: defines the
-width and height of the window's drawing area in pixels, 'wsize' defines
-the actual size of the window itself and *note position:: defines the
-origin of the window i.e. the position of the top left corner on the
-screen (again in pixel). These options override any default settings
-from the 'wgnuplot.ini' file.
-
- 'docked' embeds the graph window in the wgnuplot text window and the
-*note size:: and *note position:: options are ignored. Note that
-'docked' is not available for console-mode gnuplot. Setting this option
-changes the default for new" windows. The initial default is
-'standalone'. The 'layout' option allows to reserve a minimal number of
-columns and rows for graphs in docked mode. If there are more graphs
-than fit the given layout, additional rows will be added. Graphs are
-sorted by the numerical id, filling rows first.
-
- Other options may be changed using the 'graph-menu' or the
-initialization file 'wgnuplot.ini'.
-
- /* FIXME: Move to persist section */ The Windows version normally
-terminates immediately as soon as the end of any files given as command
-line arguments is reached (i.e. in non-interactive mode), unless you
-specify '-' as the last command line option. It will also not show the
-text-window at all, in this mode, only the plot. By giving the optional
-argument '-persist' (same as for gnuplot under x11; former Windows-only
-options '/noend' or '-noend' are still accepted as well), will not close
-gnuplot. Contrary to gnuplot on other operating systems, gnuplot's
-interactive command line is accessible after the -persist option.
-
- The plot window remains open when the gnuplot terminal is changed
-with a 'set term' command. The plot window can be closed with 'set term
-windows close'.
-
- 'gnuplot' supports different methods to create printed output on
-Windows, see 'windows printing'. The windows terminal supports data
-exchange with other programs via clipboard and EMF files, see
-'graph-menu'. You can also use the 'terminal emf' to create EMF files.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* graph-menu::
-* printing::
-* text-menu"::
-* wgnuplot.mnu"::
-* wgnuplot.ini::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: graph-menu, Next: printing, Prev: windows, Up:
windows
-
-4.1.53.1 graph-menu
-...................
-
-The 'gnuplot graph' window has the following options on a pop-up menu
-accessed by pressing the right mouse button(*) or selecting 'Options'
-from the system menu or the toolbar:
-
- 'Copy to Clipboard' copies a bitmap and an enhanced metafile picture.
-
- 'Save as EMF...' allows the user to save the current graph window as
-enhanced metafile (EMF or EMF+).
-
- 'Save as Bitmap...' allows the user to save a copy of the graph as
-bitmap file.
-
- 'Print...' prints the graphics windows using a Windows printer
-driver and allows selection of the printer and scaling of the output."
-See also 'windows printing'.
-
- 'Bring to Top' when checked raises the graph window to the top after
-every plot.
-
- 'Color' when checked enables color output. When unchecked it forces
-all grayscale output. This is e.g. useful to test appearance of
-monochrome printouts.
-
- 'GDI backend' draws to the screen using Windows GDI. This is the
-classical windows terminal, which is fast, but lacks many features such
-as anti-aliasing, oversampling and full transparency support. It is now
-deprecated.
-
- 'GDI+ backend' draws to the screen using the GDI+ Windows API. It
-supports full antialiasing, oversampling, transparency and custom dash
-patterns. This is the currently preferred variant.
-
- 'Direct2D backend' uses Direct2D & DirectWrite APIs to draw. It uses
-graphic card acceleration and is hence typically much faster. Printing,
-saving and copying to clipboard fall back to GDI+. This will become the
-default backend but is currently still considered experimental.
-
- 'Oversampling' draws diagonal lines at fractional pixel positions to
-avoid "wobbling" effects. Vertical or horizontal lines are still
-snapped to integer pixel positions to avoid blurry lines.
-
- 'Antialiasing' enables smoothing of lines and edges. Note that this
-slows down drawing. 'Antialiasing of polygons' is enabled by default
-but might slow down drawing with the GDI+ backend.
-
- 'Fast rotation' switches antialiasing temporarily off while rotating
-the graph with the mouse. This speeds up drawing considerably at the
-expense of an additional redraw after releasing the mouse button.
-
- 'Background...' sets the window background color.
-
- 'Choose Font...' selects the font used in the graphics window.
-
- 'Line Styles...' allows customization of the line colors and styles.
-
- 'Update wgnuplot.ini' saves the current window locations, window
-sizes, text window font, text window font size, graph window font, graph
-window font size, background color to the initialization file
-'wgnuplot.ini'.
-
- (*) Note that this menu is only available by pressing the right mouse
-button with 'unset mouse'.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: printing, Next: text-menu", Prev: graph-menu,
Up: windows
-
-4.1.53.2 printing
-.................
-
-In order of preference, graphs may be printed in the following ways:
-
- '1.' Use the 'gnuplot' command *note terminal:: to select a printer
-and *note output:: to redirect output to a file.
-
- '2.' Select the 'Print...' command from the 'gnuplot graph' window.
-An extra command 'screendump' does this from the text window.
-
- '3.' If 'set output "PRN"' is used, output will go to a temporary
-file. When you exit from 'gnuplot' or when you change the output with
-another *note output:: command, a dialog box will appear for you to
-select a printer port. If you choose OK, the output will be printed on
-the selected port, passing unmodified through the print manager. It is
-possible to accidentally (or deliberately) send printer output meant for
-one printer to an incompatible printer.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: text-menu", Next: wgnuplot.mnu", Prev: printing,
Up: windows
-
-4.1.53.3 text-menu", /* FIXME: this is not really related to the windows
driver, but the windows platform */
-............................................................................................................
-
-The 'gnuplot text' window has the following options on a pop-up menu
-accessed by pressing the right mouse button or selecting 'Options' from
-the system menu:
-
- 'Copy to Clipboard' copies marked text to the clipboard.
-
- 'Paste' copies text from the clipboard as if typed by the user.
-
- 'Choose Font...' selects the font used in the text window.
-
- 'System Colors' when selected makes the text window honor the System
-Colors set using the Control Panel. When unselected, text is black or
-blue on a white background.
-
- 'Wrap long lines' when selected lines longer than the current window
-width are wrapped.
-
- 'Update wgnuplot.ini' saves the current settings to the
-initialisation file 'wgnuplot.ini', which is located in the user's
-application data directory.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: wgnuplot.mnu", Next: wgnuplot.ini, Prev:
text-menu", Up: windows
-
-4.1.53.4 wgnuplot.mnu", /* FIXME: this is not really related to the windows
driver, but the windows platform */
-...............................................................................................................
-
-If the menu file 'wgnuplot.mnu' is found in the same directory as
-'gnuplot', then the menu specified in 'wgnuplot.mnu' will be loaded.
-Menu commands:
-
- [Menu] starts a new menu with the name on the following line.
- [EndMenu] ends the current menu.
- [--] inserts a horizontal menu separator.
- [|] inserts a vertical menu separator.
- [Button] puts the next macro on a push button instead of a menu.
-
-
- Macros take two lines with the macro name (menu entry) on the first
-line and the macro on the second line. Leading spaces are ignored.
-Macro commands:
-
- [INPUT] Input string with prompt terminated by [EOS] or {ENTER}
- [EOS] End Of String terminator. Generates no output.
- [OPEN] Get name of a file to open, with the title of the dialog
- terminated by [EOS], followed by a default filename
terminated
- by [EOS] or {ENTER}.
- [SAVE] Get name of a file to save. Parameters like [OPEN]
- [DIRECTORY] Get name of a directory, with the title of the dialog
- terminated by [EOS] or {ENTER}
-
-
- Macro character substitutions:
-
- {ENTER} Carriage Return '\\r'
- {TAB} Tab '\\011'
- {ESC} Escape '\\033'
- {^A} '\\001'
- ...
- {^_} '\\031'
-
-
- Macros are limited to 256 characters after expansion.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: wgnuplot.ini, Prev: wgnuplot.mnu", Up: windows
-
-4.1.53.5 wgnuplot.ini
-.....................
-
-The Windows text window and the 'windows' terminal will read some of
-their options from the '[WGNUPLOT]' section of 'wgnuplot.ini'. This
-file is located in the user's application data directory. Here's a
-sample 'wgnuplot.ini' file:
-
- [WGNUPLOT]
- TextOrigin=0 0
- TextSize=640 150
- TextFont=Consolas,9
- TextWrap=1
- TextLines=400
- TextMaximized=0
- SysColors=0
- GraphOrigin=0 150
- GraphSize=640 330
- GraphFont=Tahoma,10
- GraphColor=1
- GraphToTop=1
- GraphGDI+=1
- GraphD2D=0
- GraphGDI+Oversampling=1
- GraphAntialiasing=1
- GraphPolygonAA=1
- GraphFastRotation=1
- GraphBackground=255 255 255
- DockVerticalTextFrac=350
- DockHorizontalTextFrac=400
- Border=0 0 0 0 0
- Axis=192 192 192 2 2
- Line1=0 0 255 0 0
- Line2=0 255 0 0 1
- Line3=255 0 0 0 2
- Line4=255 0 255 0 3
- Line5=0 0 128 0 4
-
- These settings apply to the wgnuplot text-window only."
-
- The 'TextOrigin' and 'TextSize' entries specify the location and size
-of the text window. If 'TextMaximized' is non-zero, the window will be
-maximized.
-
- The 'TextFont' entry specifies the text window font and size.
-
- The 'TextWrap' entry selects wrapping of long text lines.
-
- The 'TextLines' entry specifies the number of (unwrapped) lines the
-internal buffer of the text window can hold. This value currently
-cannot be changed from within wgnuplot.
-
- See 'text-menu'.
-
- 'DockVerticalTextFrac' and 'DockHorizontalTextFrac' set the fraction
-of the window reserved for the text window in permille of the vertical
-or horizontal layout.
-
- The 'GraphFont' entry specifies the font name and size in points.
-
- The five numbers given in the 'Border', 'Axis' and 'Line' entries are
-the 'Red' intensity (0-255), 'Green' intensity, 'Blue' intensity, 'Color
-Linestyle' and 'Mono Linestyle'. 'Linestyles' are 0=SOLID, 1=DASH,
-2=DOT, 3=DASHDOT, 4=DASHDOTDOT. In the sample 'wgnuplot.ini' file above,
-Line 2 is a green solid line in color mode, or a dashed line in
-monochrome mode. The default line width is 1 pixel. If 'Linestyle' is
-negative, it specifies the width of a SOLID line in pixels. Line1 and
-any linestyle used with the 'points' style must be SOLID with unit
-width.
-
- See 'graph-menu'."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: wxt, Next: x11, Prev: windows, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.54 wxt
-----------
-
-The 'wxt' terminal device generates output in a separate window. The
-window is created by the wxWidgets library, where the 'wxt' comes from.
-The actual drawing is done via cairo, a 2D graphics library, and pango,
-a library for laying out and rendering text.
-
- Syntax:
- set term wxt {<n>}
- {size <width>,<height>} {position <x>,<y>}
- {background <rgb_color>}
- {{no}enhanced}
- {font <font>} {fontscale <scale>}
- {title "title"}
- {linewidth <lw>}
- {dashlength <dl>}
- {{no}persist}
- {{no}raise}
- {{no}ctrl}
- {close}
-
-
- Multiple plot windows are supported: 'set terminal wxt <n>' directs
-the output to plot window number n.
-
- The default window title is based on the window number. This title
-can also be specified with the keyword "title".
-
- Plot windows remain open even when the 'gnuplot' driver is changed to
-a different device. A plot window can be closed by pressing the letter
-'q' while that window has input focus, by choosing 'close' from a window
-manager menu, or with 'set term wxt <n> close'.
-
- The size of the plot area is given in pixels, it defaults to 640x384.
-In addition to that, the actual size of the window also includes the
-space reserved for the toolbar and the status bar. When you resize a
-window, the plot is immediately scaled to fit in the new size of the
-window. Unlike other interactive terminals, the 'wxt' terminal scales
-the whole plot, including fonts and linewidths, and keeps its global
-aspect ratio constant, leaving an empty space painted in gray. If you
-type *note replot::, click the *note replot:: icon in the terminal
-toolbar or type a new 'plot' command, the new plot will completely fit
-in the window and the font size and the linewidths will be reset to
-their defaults.
-
- The position option can be used to set the position of the plot
-window. The position option only applies to the first plot after the
-'set term' command.
-
- The active plot window (the one selected by 'set term wxt <n>') is
-interactive. Its behaviour is shared with other terminal types. See
-'mouse' for details. It also has some extra icons, which are supposed
-to be self-explanatory.
-
- This terminal supports an enhanced text mode, which allows font and
-other formatting commands (subscripts, superscripts, etc.) to be
-embedded in labels and other text strings. The enhanced text mode
-syntax is shared with other gnuplot terminal types. See 'enhanced' for
-more details.
-
- <font> is in the format "FontFace,FontSize", i.e. the face and the
-size comma-separated in a single string. FontFace is a usual font face
-name, such as \'Arial\'. If you do not provide FontFace, the wxt
-terminal will use \'Sans\'. FontSize is the font size, in points. If
-you do not provide it, the wxt terminal will use a size of 10 points.
- For example :
- set term wxt font "Arial,12"
- set term wxt font "Arial" # to change the font face only
- set term wxt font ",12" # to change the font size only
- set term wxt font "" # to reset the font name and size
-
-
- The fonts are retrieved from the usual fonts subsystems. Under
-Windows, those fonts are to be found and configured in the entry "Fonts"
-of the control panel. Under UNIX, they are handled by "fontconfig".
-
- Pango, the library used to layout the text, is based on utf-8. Thus,
-the wxt terminal has to convert from your encoding to utf-8. The
-default input encoding is based on your \'locale\'. If you want to use
-another encoding, make sure gnuplot knows which one you are using. See
-*note encoding:: for more details.
-
- Pango may give unexpected results with fonts that do not respect the
-unicode mapping. With the Symbol font, for example, the wxt terminal
-will use the map provided by http://www.unicode.org/ to translate
-character codes to unicode. Pango will do its best to find a font
-containing this character, looking for your Symbol font, or other fonts
-with a broad unicode coverage, like the DejaVu fonts. Note that "the
-Symbol font" is to be understood as the Adobe Symbol font, distributed
-with Acrobat Reader as "SY______.PFB". Alternatively, the OpenSymbol
-font, distributed with OpenOffice.org as "opens___.ttf", offers the same
-characters. Microsoft has distributed a Symbol font ("symbol.ttf"), but
-it has a different character set with several missing or moved
-mathematic characters. If you experience problems with your default
-setup (if the demo enhancedtext.dem is not displayed properly for
-example), you probably have to install one of the Adobe or OpenOffice
-Symbol fonts, and remove the Microsoft one. Other non-conform fonts,
-such as "wingdings" have been observed working.
-
- The rendering of the plot can be altered with a dialog available from
-the toolbar. To obtain the best output possible, the rendering involves
-three mechanisms : antialiasing, oversampling and hinting. Antialiasing
-allows to display non-horizontal and non-vertical lines smoother.
-Oversampling combined with antialiasing provides subpixel accuracy, so
-that gnuplot can draw a line from non-integer coordinates. This avoids
-wobbling effects on diagonal lines ('plot x' for example). Hinting
-avoids the blur on horizontal and vertical lines caused by oversampling.
-The terminal will snap these lines to integer coordinates so that a
-one-pixel-wide line will actually be drawn on one and only one pixel.
-
- By default, the window is raised to the top of your desktop when a
-plot is drawn. This can be controlled with the keyword "raise". The
-keyword "persist" will prevent gnuplot from exiting before you
-explicitely close all the plot windows. Finally, by default the key
-<space> raises the gnuplot console window, and 'q' closes the plot
-window. The keyword "ctrl" allows you to replace those bindings by
-<ctrl>+<space> and <ctrl>+'q', respectively. These three keywords
-(raise, persist and ctrl) can also be set and remembered between
-sessions through the configuration dialog."
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x11, Next: xlib, Prev: wxt, Up:
complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.55 x11
-----------
-
-Syntax:
- set terminal x11 {<n> | window "<string>"}
- {title "<string>"}
- {{no}enhanced} {font <fontspec>}
- {linewidth LW}
- {{no}persist} {{no}raise} {{no}ctrlq}
- {{no}replotonresize}
- {close}
- {size XX,YY} {position XX,YY}
- set terminal x11 {reset}
-
-
- Multiple plot windows are supported: 'set terminal x11 <n>' directs
-the output to plot window number n. If n is not 0, the terminal number
-will be appended to the window title (unless a title has been supplied
-manually) and the icon will be labeled 'Gnuplot <n>'. The active window
-may be distinguished by a change in cursor (from default to crosshair).
-
- The 'x11' terminal can connect to X windows previously created by an
-outside application via the option 'window' followed by a string
-containing the X ID for the window in hexadecimal format. Gnuplot uses
-that external X window as a container since X does not allow for
-multiple clients selecting the ButtonPress event. In this way,
-gnuplot's mouse features work within the contained plot window.
-
- set term x11 window "220001e"
-
-
- The x11 terminal supports enhanced text mode (see 'enhanced'),
-subject to the available fonts. In order for font size commands
-embedded in text to have any effect, the default x11 font must be
-scalable. Thus the first example below will work as expected, but the
-second will not.
-
- set term x11 enhanced font "arial,15"
- set title '{/=20 Big} Medium {/=5 Small}'
-
-
- set term x11 enhanced font "terminal-14"
- set title '{/=20 Big} Medium {/=5 Small}'
-
-
- Plot windows remain open even when the 'gnuplot' driver is changed to
-a different device. A plot window can be closed by pressing the letter
-q while that window has input focus, or by choosing 'close' from a
-window manager menu. All plot windows can be closed by specifying *note
-reset::, which actually terminates the subprocess which maintains the
-windows (unless '-persist' was specified). The 'close' command can be
-used to close individual plot windows by number. However, after a *note
-reset::, those plot windows left due to persist cannot be closed with
-the command 'close'. A 'close' without a number closes the current
-active plot window.
-
- The gnuplot outboard driver, gnuplot_x11, is searched in a default
-place chosen when the program is compiled. You can override that by
-defining the environment variable GNUPLOT_DRIVER_DIR to point to a
-different location.
-
- Plot windows will automatically be closed at the end of the session
-unless the '-persist' option was given.
-
- The options 'persist' and *note raise:: are unset by default, which
-means that the defaults (persist == no and raise == yes) or the command
-line options -persist / -raise or the Xresources are taken. If
-[no]persist or [no]raise are specified, they will override command line
-options and Xresources. Setting one of these options takes place
-immediately, so the behaviour of an already running driver can be
-modified. If the window does not get raised, see discussion in *note
-raise::.
-
- The option 'replotonresize' (active by default) replots the data when
-the plot window is resized. Without this option, the even-aspect-ratio
-scaling may result in the plot filling only part of the window after
-resizing. With this option, gnuplot does a full replot on each resize
-event, resulting in better space utilization. This option is generally
-desirable, unless the potentially CPU-intensive replotting during
-resizing is a concern. Replots can be manually initiated with hotkey
-'e' or the 'replot' command.
- "
-
- The option 'title "<title name>"' will supply the title name of the
-window for the current plot window or plot window <n> if a number is
-given. Where (or if) this title is shown depends on your X window
-manager.
-
- The size option can be used to set the size of the plot window. The
-size option will only apply to newly created windows.
-
- The position option can be used to set the position of the plot
-window. The position option will only apply to newly created windows.
-
- The size or aspect ratio of a plot may be changed by resizing the
-'gnuplot' window.
-
- Linewidths and pointsizes may be changed from within 'gnuplot' with
-'set linestyle'.
-
- For terminal type 'x11', 'gnuplot' accepts (when initialized) the
-standard X Toolkit options and resources such as geometry, font, and
-name from the command line arguments or a configuration file. See the
-X(1) man page (or its equivalent) for a description of such options.
-
- A number of other 'gnuplot' options are available for the 'x11'
-terminal. These may be specified either as command-line options when
-'gnuplot' is invoked or as resources in the configuration file
-".Xdefaults". They are set upon initialization and cannot be altered
-during a 'gnuplot' session. (except 'persist' and *note raise::)
-
-* Menu:
-
-* x11_fonts::
-* command-line_options_::
-* color_resources_::
-* grayscale_resources_::
-* line_resources_::
-* x11_pm3d_resources::
-* x11_other_resources::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x11_fonts, Next: command-line_options_, Prev:
x11, Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.1 x11_fonts
-..................
-
-Upon initial startup, the default font is taken from the X11 resources
-as set in the system or user .Xdefaults file or on the command line.
-
- Example:
- gnuplot*font: lucidasans-bold-12
-
- A new default font may be specified to the x11 driver from inside
-gnuplot using
- `set term x11 font "<fontspec>"`
-
- The driver first queries the X-server for a font of the exact name
-given. If this query fails, then it tries to interpret <fontspec> as
-"<font>,<size>,<slant>,<weight>" and to construct a full X11 font name
-of the form
- -*-<font>-<weight>-<s>-*-*-<size>-*-*-*-*-*-<encoding>
-
-
- <font> is the base name of the font (e.g. Times or Symbol)
- <size> is the point size (defaults to 12 if not specified)
- <s> is `i` if <slant>=="italic" `o` if <slant>=="oblique" `r` otherwise
- <weight> is `medium` or `bold` if explicitly requested, otherwise `*`
- <encoding> is set based on the current character set (see *note
encoding::).
-
- So 'set term x11 font "arial,15,italic"' will be translated to
--*-arial-*-i-*-*-15-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 (assuming default encoding).
-The <size>, <slant>, and <weight> specifications are all optional. If
-you do not specify <slant> or <weight> then you will get whatever font
-variant the font server offers first. You may set a default enconding
-via the corresponding X11 resource. E.g.
- gnuplot*encoding: iso8859-15
-
- The driver also recognizes some common PostScript font names and
-replaces them with possible X11 or TrueType equivalents. This same
-sequence is used to process font requests from 'set label'.
-
- If your gnuplot was built with configuration option
--enable-x11-mbfonts, you can specify multi-byte fonts by using the
-prefix "mbfont:" on the font name. An additional font may be given,
-separated by a semicolon. Since multi-byte font encodings are
-interpreted according to the locale setting, you must make sure that the
-environmental variable LC_CTYPE is set to some appropriate locale value
-such as ja_JP.eucJP, ko_KR.EUC, or zh_CN.EUC.
-
- Example:
- set term x11 font 'mbfont:kana14;k14'
- # 'kana14' and 'k14' are Japanese X11 font aliases, and ';'
- # is the separator of font names.
- set term x11 font 'mbfont:fixed,16,r,medium'
- # <font>,<size>,<slant>,<weight> form is also usable.
- set title '(mb strings)' font 'mbfont:*-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*'
-
-
- The same syntax applies to the default font in Xresources settings,
-for example,
- gnuplot*font: \\
- mbfont:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-0
-
-
- If gnuplot is built with -enable-x11-mbfonts, you can use two special
-PostScript font names 'Ryumin-Light-*' and 'GothicBBB-Medium-*'
-(standard Japanese PS fonts) without the prefix "mbfont:".
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: command-line_options_, Next: color_resources_,
Prev: x11_fonts, Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.2 command-line_options
-.............................
-
-In addition to the X Toolkit options, the following options may be
-specified on the command line when starting 'gnuplot' or as resources in
-your ".Xdefaults" file (note that *note raise:: and 'persist' can be
-overridden later by 'set term x11 [no]raise [no]persist)':
-
- `-mono` forces monochrome rendering on color displays.
- `-gray` requests grayscale rendering on grayscale or color displays.
- (Grayscale displays receive monochrome rendering by default.)
- `-clear` requests that the window be cleared momentarily before a
- new plot is displayed.
- `-tvtwm` requests that geometry specifications for position of the
- window be made relative to the currently displayed portion
- of the virtual root.
- `-raise` raises plot window after each plot
- `-noraise` does not raise plot window after each plot
- `-ctrlq ` closes window on ctrl-q rather than q
-
- `-persist` plot windows survive after main gnuplot program exits
-
- The options are shown above in their command-line syntax. When
-entered as resources in ".Xdefaults", they require a different syntax.
-
- Example:
- gnuplot*gray: on
- gnuplot*ctrlq: on
-
-
- 'gnuplot' also provides a command line option ('-pointsize <v>') and
-a resource, 'gnuplot*pointsize: <v>', to control the size of points
-plotted with the 'points' plotting style. The value 'v' is a real
-number (greater than 0 and less than or equal to ten) used as a scaling
-factor for point sizes. For example, '-pointsize 2' uses points twice
-the default size, and '-pointsize 0.5' uses points half the normal size.
-
- The '-ctrlq' switch changes the hot-key that closes a plot window
-from 'q' to '<ctrl>q'. This is useful is you are using the
-keystroke-capture feature 'pause mouse keystroke', since it allows the
-character 'q' to be captured just as all other alphanumeric characters.
-The '-ctrlq' switch similarly replaces the <space> hot-key with
-<ctrl><space> for the same reason.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: color_resources_, Next: grayscale_resources_,
Prev: command-line_options_, Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.3 color_resources
-........................
-
-NB: THIS SECTION IS LARGELY IRRELEVANT IN GNUPLOT VERSION 5 The X11
-terminal honors the following resources (shown here with their default
-values) or the greyscale resources. The values may be color names as
-listed in the X11 rgb.txt file on your system, hexadecimal RGB color
-specifications (see X11 documentation), or a color name followed by a
-comma and an 'intensity' value from 0 to 1. For example, 'blue, 0.5'
-means a half intensity blue.
-
- gnuplot*background: white
- gnuplot*textColor: black
- gnuplot*borderColor: black
- gnuplot*axisColor: black
- gnuplot*line1Color: red
- gnuplot*line2Color: green
- gnuplot*line3Color: blue
- gnuplot*line4Color: magenta
- gnuplot*line5Color: cyan
- gnuplot*line6Color: sienna
- gnuplot*line7Color: orange
- gnuplot*line8Color: coral
-
-
- The command-line syntax for these is simple only for background,
-which maps directly to the usual X11 toolkit option "-bg". All others
-can only be set on the command line by use of the generic "-xrm"
-resource override option
-
- Examples:
-
- gnuplot -background coral
-
- to change the background color.
-
- gnuplot -xrm 'gnuplot*line1Color:blue'
-
- to override the first linetype color.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: grayscale_resources_, Next: line_resources_,
Prev: color_resources_, Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.4 grayscale_resources
-............................
-
-When '-gray' is selected, 'gnuplot' honors the following resources for
-grayscale or color displays (shown here with their default values).
-Note that the default background is black.
-
- gnuplot*background: black
- gnuplot*textGray: white
- gnuplot*borderGray: gray50
- gnuplot*axisGray: gray50
- gnuplot*line1Gray: gray100
- gnuplot*line2Gray: gray60
- gnuplot*line3Gray: gray80
- gnuplot*line4Gray: gray40
- gnuplot*line5Gray: gray90
- gnuplot*line6Gray: gray50
- gnuplot*line7Gray: gray70
- gnuplot*line8Gray: gray30
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: line_resources_, Next: x11_pm3d_resources, Prev:
grayscale_resources_, Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.5 line_resources
-.......................
-
-NB: THIS SECTION IS LARGELY IRRELEVANT IN GNUPLOT VERSION 5 'gnuplot'
-honors the following resources for setting the width (in pixels) of plot
-lines (shown here with their default values.) 0 or 1 means a minimal
-width line of 1 pixel width. A value of 2 or 3 may improve the
-appearance of some plots.
-
- gnuplot*borderWidth: 1
- gnuplot*axisWidth: 0
- gnuplot*line1Width: 0
- gnuplot*line2Width: 0
- gnuplot*line3Width: 0
- gnuplot*line4Width: 0
- gnuplot*line5Width: 0
- gnuplot*line6Width: 0
- gnuplot*line7Width: 0
- gnuplot*line8Width: 0
-
-
- 'gnuplot' honors the following resources for setting the dash style
-used for plotting lines. 0 means a solid line. A two-digit number 'jk'
-('j' and 'k' are >= 1 and <= 9) means a dashed line with a repeated
-pattern of 'j' pixels on followed by 'k' pixels off. For example, '16'
-is a dotted line with one pixel on followed by six pixels off. More
-elaborate on/off patterns can be specified with a four-digit value. For
-example, '4441' is four on, four off, four on, one off. The default
-values shown below are for monochrome displays or monochrome rendering
-on color or grayscale displays. Color displays default to dashed:off
-
- gnuplot*dashed: off
- gnuplot*borderDashes: 0
- gnuplot*axisDashes: 16
- gnuplot*line1Dashes: 0
- gnuplot*line2Dashes: 42
- gnuplot*line3Dashes: 13
- gnuplot*line4Dashes: 44
- gnuplot*line5Dashes: 15
- gnuplot*line6Dashes: 4441
- gnuplot*line7Dashes: 42
- gnuplot*line8Dashes: 13
-
-
- , "
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x11_pm3d_resources, Next: x11_other_resources,
Prev: line_resources_, Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.6 x11 pm3d_resources
-...........................
-
-NB: THIS SECTION IS LARGELY IRRELEVANT IN GNUPLOT VERSION 5 Choosing the
-appropriate visual class and number of colors is a crucial point in X11
-applications and a bit awkward, since X11 supports six visual types in
-different depths.
-
- By default 'gnuplot' uses the default visual of the screen. The
-number of colors which can be allocated depends on the visual class
-chosen. On a visual class with a depth > 12bit, gnuplot starts with a
-maximal number of 0x200 colors. On a visual class with a depth > 8bit
-(but <= 12 bit) the maximal number of colors is 0x100, on <= 8bit
-displays the maximum number of colors is 240 (16 are left for line
-colors).
-
- Gnuplot first starts to allocate the maximal number of colors as
-stated above. If this fails, the number of colors is reduced by the
-factor 2 until gnuplot gets all colors which are requested. If dividing
-'maxcolors' by 2 repeatedly results in a number which is smaller than
-'mincolors' 'gnuplot' tries to install a private colormap. In this case
-the window manager is responsible for swapping colormaps when the
-pointer is moved in and out the x11 driver's window.
-
- The default for 'mincolors' is maxcolors / (num_colormaps > 1 ? 2 :
-8), where num_colormaps is the number of colormaps which are currently
-used by gnuplot (usually 1, if only one x11 window is open).
-
- Some systems support multiple (different) visual classes together on
-one screen. On these systems it might be necessary to force gnuplot to
-use a specific visual class, e.g. the default visual might be 8bit
-PseudoColor but the screen would also support 24bit TrueColor which
-would be the preferred choice.
-
- The information about an Xserver's capabilities can be obtained with
-the program 'xdpyinfo'. For the visual names below you can choose one
-of StaticGray, GrayScale, StaticColor, PseudoColor, TrueColor,
-DirectColor. If an Xserver supports a requested visual type at
-different depths, 'gnuplot' chooses the visual class with the highest
-depth (deepest). If the requested visual class matches the default
-visual and multiple classes of this type are supported, the default
-visual is preferred.
-
- Example: on an 8bit PseudoColor visual you can force a private color
-map by specifying 'gnuplot*maxcolors: 240' and 'gnuplot*mincolors: 240'.
-
- gnuplot*maxcolors: <integer>
- gnuplot*mincolors: <integer>
- gnuplot*visual: <visual name>
-
-
- , "
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: x11_other_resources, Prev: x11_pm3d_resources,
Up: x11
-
-4.1.55.7 x11 other_resources
-............................
-
-By default the contents of the current plot window are exported to the
-X11 clipboard in response to X events in the window. Setting the
-resource 'gnuplot*exportselection' to 'off' or 'false' will disable
-this.
-
- By default text rotation is done using a method that is fast, but can
-corrupt nearby colors depending on the background. If this is a
-problem, you can set the resource 'gnuplot.fastrotate' to 'off'
-
- gnuplot*exportselection: off
- gnuplot*fastrotate: on
- gnuplot*ctrlq: off
-
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: xlib, Prev: x11, Up: complete_list_of_terminals
-
-4.1.56 xlib
------------
-
-The 'xlib' terminal driver supports the X11 Windows System. It
-generates gnuplot_x11 commands, but sends them to the output file
-specified by 'set output '<filename>''. 'set term x11' is equivalent to
-'set output "|gnuplot_x11 -noevents"; set term xlib'. 'xlib' takes the
-same set of options as 'x11'."
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Bugs::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Bugs, Next: Concept_Index, Prev: Terminal_types,
Up: Top
-
-5 Bugs
-******
-
-Please e-mail bug reports to the gnuplot-bugs mailing list or upload the
-report to the gnuplot web site on SourceForge. Please give complete
-information on the version of gnuplot you are using and, if possible, a
-test script that demonstrates the bug. See 'seeking-assistance'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* known_limitations::
-* External_libraries::
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: known_limitations, Next: External_libraries,
Prev: Bugs, Up: Bugs
-
-5.1 known limitations
-=====================
-
-It is not possible to use inline data (e.g. plot '-' ...) inside the
-curly brackets of a 'do' or 'while' loop.
-
- The gamma and bessel functions do not support complex arguments.
-
- Coordinates specified as "time" wrap at 24 hours.
-
- Parametric curves: The 'nohidden3d' option to exempt individual plots
-from the global setting 'set hidden3d' does not work for parametric
-curves. Iteration inside a 'plot' command does not work for parametric
-curves.
-
- X11 terminal: It is difficult to select UTF-8 fonts. Only one color
-palette at a time is active for any given x11 plot window. This means
-that multiplots whose constituent plots use different palettes will not
-display correctly in x11.
-
- Qt terminal: 3D rotation of polygons and surfaces can be slow; this
-is strongly affected by the Qt rendering mode (see Qt documentation).
-
- The *note raise:: and *note lower:: functions are unreliable.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: External_libraries, Prev: known_limitations, Up:
Bugs
-
-5.2 External libraries
-======================
-
-External library GD (used by PNG/JPEG/GIF drivers): Versions of libgd
-through 2.0.33 had various bugs in mapping the characters of Adobe's
-Symbol font. Also it was possible to trigger a library segfault if an
-anti-aliased line crosses an upper corner of the canvas.
-
- External library PDFlib (used by PDF driver): Gnuplot can be linked
-against libpdf versions 4, 5, or 6. However, these versions differ in
-their handling of piped I/O. Therefore gnuplot scripts using piped
-output to PDF may work only for some versions of PDFlib.
-
- External library svgalib (used by linux and vgagl driver): Requires
-gnuplot to be suid root (bad!) and has many bugs that are specific to
-the video card or graphics driver used in X11.
-
- Internationalization (locale settings): Gnuplot uses the C runtime
-library routine setlocale() to control locale-specific formatting of
-input and output number, times, and date strings. The locales
-available, and the level of support for locale features such as
-"thousands' grouping separator", depend on the internationalization
-support provided by your individual machine.
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Concept_Index, Next: Command_Index, Prev: Bugs,
Up: Top
-
-Concept Index
-*************
-
- [index ]
-* Menu:
-
-* +: special-filenames. (line 6)
-* ++: special-filenames. (line 6)
-* .gnuplot: Start-up_(initialization).
- (line 6)
-* 3D: 3D_plots. (line 6)
-* abs: abs. (line 6)
-* acos: acos. (line 6)
-* acosh: acosh. (line 6)
-* acsplines: smooth. (line 49)
-* aifm: aifm. (line 6)
-* airy: airy. (line 6)
-* angles: angles. (line 6)
-* aqua: aqua. (line 6)
-* Aqua: aqua. (line 6)
-* arg: arg. (line 6)
-* arrays: Arrays. (line 6)
-* arrow: arrow. (line 6)
-* arrowstyle: set_style_arrow. (line 6)
-* asin: asin. (line 6)
-* asinh: asinh. (line 6)
-* atan: atan. (line 6)
-* atan2: atan2. (line 6)
-* atanh: atanh. (line 6)
-* automated:
automated_iteration_over_multiple_columns.
- (line 6)
-* autoscale: autoscale. (line 6)
-* autotitle: key_autotitle. (line 6)
-* avs: filetype. (line 21)
-* axes: Coordinates. (line 6)
-* axes <1>: Plotting. (line 30)
-* axes <2>: axes. (line 6)
-* azimuth: azimuth. (line 6)
-* back: layers. (line 6)
-* background: background_color. (line 6)
-* backquotes:
Substitution_of_system_commands_in_backquotes.
- (line 6)
-* bars: errorbars_. (line 6)
-* batch/interactive: Batch/Interactive_Operation.
- (line 6)
-* be: be. (line 6)
-* BE: be. (line 6)
-* beeswarm: Bee_swarm_plots. (line 6)
-* beeswarm <1>: jitter. (line 6)
-* behind: layers. (line 6)
-* besj0: besj0. (line 6)
-* besj1: besj1. (line 6)
-* bessel: known_limitations. (line 9)
-* besy0: besy0. (line 6)
-* besy1: besy1. (line 6)
-* bezier: smooth. (line 76)
-* bgnd: colorspec. (line 63)
-* bgnd <1>: background_color. (line 6)
-* binary: binary. (line 6)
-* bind: bind. (line 6)
-* bind <1>: reset. (line 32)
-* bind <2>: bind_. (line 6)
-* bins: bins. (line 6)
-* bitgraph: tek40. (line 15)
-* bitwise operators: Binary. (line 34)
-* black: colorspec. (line 65)
-* bmargin: bmargin. (line 6)
-* bold: Enhanced_text_mode. (line 6)
-* border: fill_properties. (line 6)
-* border <1>: border. (line 6)
-* border <2>: set_style_fill. (line 49)
-* boxed: set_style_textbox. (line 6)
-* boxerrorbars: boxerrorbars. (line 6)
-* boxes: boxes. (line 6)
-* boxplot: boxplot. (line 6)
-* boxwidth: boxwidth. (line 6)
-* boxxyerror: boxxyerror. (line 6)
-* branch: multi-branch. (line 6)
-* break: Break. (line 6)
-* broken axis: nonlinear. (line 50)
-* bugs: Bugs. (line 6)
-* call: call. (line 6)
-* candlesticks: candlesticks. (line 6)
-* canvas: Canvas_size. (line 6)
-* cardinality: Unary. (line 17)
-* cardinality <1>: Arrays. (line 6)
-* cbdata: cbdata. (line 6)
-* cbdtics: cbdtics. (line 6)
-* cblabel: cblabel. (line 6)
-* cbmtics: cbmtics. (line 6)
-* cbrange: cbrange. (line 6)
-* cbtics: cbtics. (line 6)
-* cd: cd. (line 6)
-* cdawson: cdawson. (line 6)
-* ceil: ceil. (line 6)
-* center: keywords. (line 81)
-* cerf: cerf. (line 6)
-* cgm: cgm. (line 6)
-* changes: Differences_from_version_4.
- (line 6)
-* circle: circle. (line 6)
-* circles: circles. (line 6)
-* clabel: clabel. (line 6)
-* clear: clear. (line 6)
-* clip: clip. (line 6)
-* cnormal: smooth. (line 155)
-* cntrlabel: cntrlabel. (line 6)
-* cntrparam: cntrparam. (line 6)
-* colorbox: color_box. (line 6)
-* colornames: colornames. (line 6)
-* colors: linetypes. (line 6)
-* colors <1>: colorspec. (line 6)
-* colors <2>: rgbformulae. (line 6)
-* colors <3>: defined. (line 6)
-* colorsequence: colorsequence. (line 6)
-* colorspec: colorspec. (line 6)
-* column: column. (line 6)
-* column <1>: using. (line 28)
-* columnhead: columnhead. (line 6)
-* columnheader: Datastrings. (line 34)
-* columnheader <1>: using. (line 30)
-* columnheader <2>: title. (line 6)
-* columnheader <3>: key_autotitle. (line 9)
-* columnheader <4>: stats_(Statistical_Summary).
- (line 82)
-* command-line-editing: Command-line-editing.
- (line 6)
-* commands: Commands. (line 6)
-* comments: Comments. (line 6)
-* commentschars: set_datafile_commentschars.
- (line 6)
-* compatibility: Deprecated_syntax. (line 6)
-* complex: Complex_arithmetic. (line 6)
-* constants: Constants. (line 6)
-* context: context. (line 6)
-* continue: Continue. (line 6)
-* contour: contour. (line 6)
-* contours: contour. (line 6)
-* coordinates: Coordinates. (line 6)
-* copyright: Copyright. (line 6)
-* corel: corel. (line 6)
-* corners2color: corners2color. (line 6)
-* cos: cos. (line 6)
-* cosh: cosh. (line 6)
-* csplines: smooth. (line 86)
-* csv: plot_with_table. (line 6)
-* csv <1>: plot_with_table. (line 32)
-* cubehelix: cubehelix. (line 6)
-* cumulative: smooth. (line 146)
-* cycle: linetype. (line 49)
-* dashtype: dashtype. (line 6)
-* dashtype <1>: dashtype. (line 6)
-* data: data. (line 6)
-* data-file: data. (line 6)
-* datablocks: inline_data_and_datablocks.
- (line 6)
-* datafile: data. (line 6)
-* datastrings: Datastrings. (line 6)
-* date_specifiers: time/date_specifiers.
- (line 6)
-* dawson: cdawson. (line 6)
-* debug: debug. (line 6)
-* decimalsign: decimalsign. (line 6)
-* degrees: angles. (line 6)
-* demos: Demos_and_Online_Examples.
- (line 6)
-* depthorder: scanorder. (line 6)
-* depthorder <1>: scanorder. (line 6)
-* dgrid3d: dgrid3d. (line 6)
-* differences: Differences_from_version_4.
- (line 6)
-* division: Expressions. (line 6)
-* do: Do. (line 6)
-* dospc: dospc. (line 6)
-* dots: dots. (line 6)
-* dpu414: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* dumb: dumb. (line 6)
-* dummy: dummy. (line 6)
-* dx: keywords. (line 45)
-* dxf: dxf. (line 6)
-* dxy800a: dxy800a. (line 6)
-* dy: keywords. (line 45)
-* edf: filetype. (line 29)
-* editing: Command-line-editing.
- (line 6)
-* eepic: eepic. (line 6)
-* ehf: filetype. (line 29)
-* ellipse: ellipse. (line 6)
-* ellipses: ellipses. (line 6)
-* elliptic integrals: elliptic_integrals. (line 6)
-* EllipticE: EllipticK. (line 7)
-* EllipticK: atanh. (line 7)
-* EllipticPi: EllipticE. (line 7)
-* emf: emf. (line 6)
-* emtex: latex. (line 6)
-* emxvesa: emxvga. (line 6)
-* emxvga: emxvga. (line 6)
-* encoding: encoding. (line 6)
-* encodings: encoding. (line 6)
-* enhanced: Enhanced_text_mode. (line 6)
-* environment: Environment. (line 6)
-* eps:
postscript__(also_encapsulated_postscript_*.eps).
- (line 6)
-* epscairo: epscairo. (line 6)
-* epson_180dpi: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* epson_60dpi: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* epson_lx800: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* equal_axes: equal_axes. (line 6)
-* erf: erf. (line 6)
-* erfc: erfc. (line 6)
-* erfi: erfi. (line 6)
-* error state: Gnuplot-defined_variables.
- (line 24)
-* error state <1>: reset. (line 29)
-* errorbars: errorbars. (line 6)
-* errorbars <1>: errorbars_. (line 6)
-* errorlines: errorlines. (line 6)
-* errors: Gnuplot-defined_variables.
- (line 24)
-* evaluate: evaluate. (line 6)
-* every: every. (line 6)
-* example: example_datafile. (line 6)
-* examples: Demos_and_Online_Examples.
- (line 6)
-* excl: excl. (line 6)
-* exists: exists. (line 6)
-* exists <1>:
Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros.
- (line 6)
-* exit: exit. (line 6)
-* exp: exp. (line 6)
-* expint: expint. (line 6)
-* exponentiation: Binary. (line 34)
-* expressions: Expressions. (line 6)
-* factorial: Unary. (line 17)
-* faddeeva: faddeeva. (line 6)
-* failsafe: image_pixels. (line 6)
-* faq: Seeking-assistance. (line 6)
-* FAQ: Seeking-assistance. (line 6)
-* fc: set_style_fill. (line 38)
-* fenceplots: Fence_plots. (line 6)
-* fig: fig. (line 6)
-* file: data. (line 6)
-* filetype: filetype. (line 6)
-* fillcolor: set_style_fill. (line 38)
-* filledcurves: filledcurves. (line 6)
-* fillsteps: fillsteps. (line 6)
-* fillstyle: set_style_fill. (line 6)
-* filter: using. (line 98)
-* filter <1>: stats_(Statistical_Summary).
- (line 6)
-* financebars: financebars. (line 6)
-* fit: fit. (line 6)
-* fitting: short_introduction. (line 6)
-* FIT_LAMBDA_FACTOR: control_variables. (line 6)
-* FIT_LIMIT: control_variables. (line 6)
-* FIT_LOG: environment_variables.
- (line 6)
-* FIT_MAXITER: control_variables. (line 6)
-* fit_parameters: adjustable_parameters.
- (line 6)
-* FIT_SCRIPT: environment_variables.
- (line 6)
-* FIT_START_LAMBDA: control_variables. (line 6)
-* flipx: keywords. (line 60)
-* flipy: keywords. (line 60)
-* flipz: keywords. (line 60)
-* floating point exceptions: set_datafile_nofpe_trap.
- (line 6)
-* floor: floor. (line 6)
-* flush: scanorder. (line 6)
-* fnormal: smooth. (line 135)
-* fontpath: fontpath. (line 6)
-* fonts: Fonts. (line 6)
-* fonts <1>: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* fonts <2>: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* fonts <3>:
postscript__(also_encapsulated_postscript_*.eps).
- (line 6)
-* fonts <4>: x11_fonts. (line 6)
-* for: for. (line 6)
-* format: format_. (line 6)
-* format_specifiers: format_specifiers. (line 6)
-* fortran: set_datafile_fortran.
- (line 6)
-* fpe_trap: set_datafile_nofpe_trap.
- (line 6)
-* frequency: smooth. (line 120)
-* front: layers. (line 6)
-* fsteps: fsteps. (line 6)
-* ftriangles: scanorder. (line 6)
-* functions: functions. (line 6)
-* gamma: gamma. (line 6)
-* gamma <1>: known_limitations. (line 9)
-* gamma-correction: gamma_correction. (line 6)
-* gd: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* geographic: geographic. (line 6)
-* geomean: corners2color. (line 6)
-* ggi: ggi. (line 6)
-* gif: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* glossary: Glossary. (line 6)
-* gnuplot: gnuplot. (line 6)
-* gnuplot-defined: Gnuplot-defined_variables.
- (line 6)
-* gpic: gpic. (line 6)
-* gprintf: gprintf_. (line 6)
-* GPVAL: Gnuplot-defined_variables.
- (line 6)
-* gpval: Gnuplot-defined_variables.
- (line 6)
-* graph-menu: graph-menu. (line 6)
-* grass: grass. (line 6)
-* grayscale_resources: grayscale_resources_.
- (line 6)
-* grid: grid. (line 6)
-* grid_data: grid_data. (line 6)
-* guidelines: practical_guidelines.
- (line 6)
-* harmean: corners2color. (line 6)
-* heatmap: image. (line 12)
-* help: help. (line 6)
-* help-desk: Seeking-assistance. (line 6)
-* hexadecimal: Constants. (line 6)
-* hidden3d: hidden3d. (line 6)
-* histeps: histeps. (line 6)
-* histogram: smooth. (line 120)
-* histograms: histograms. (line 6)
-* history: history. (line 6)
-* historysize: historysize. (line 6)
-* hotkey: bind. (line 6)
-* hotkeys: bind. (line 6)
-* hp2623a: hp2623a. (line 6)
-* hp2648: hp2648. (line 6)
-* hp500c: hp500c. (line 6)
-* hpdj: hpljii. (line 6)
-* hpgl: hpgl. (line 6)
-* hpljii: hpljii. (line 6)
-* hppj: hppj. (line 6)
-* hsv: hsv2rgb. (line 6)
-* hsv2rgb: hsv2rgb. (line 6)
-* hypertext: hypertext. (line 6)
-* ibeta: ibeta. (line 6)
-* if: if. (line 6)
-* if-old: if-old. (line 6)
-* igamma: igamma. (line 6)
-* imag: imag. (line 6)
-* image: image. (line 6)
-* imagen: imagen. (line 6)
-* import: import. (line 6)
-* impulses: impulses. (line 6)
-* index: index. (line 6)
-* initialization: Start-up_(initialization).
- (line 6)
-* inline: inline_data_and_datablocks.
- (line 6)
-* inset: Plotting. (line 15)
-* inset <1>: clear. (line 6)
-* inset <2>: clear. (line 6)
-* inset <3>: multiplot. (line 28)
-* int: int. (line 6)
-* internationalization: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* interval: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* introduction: Introduction. (line 6)
-* inverf: inverf. (line 6)
-* invnorm: invnorm. (line 6)
-* isosamples: isosamples. (line 6)
-* italic: Enhanced_text_mode. (line 6)
-* iterate: iteration. (line 6)
-* iteration: iteration. (line 6)
-* iteration <1>: for_loops_in_plot_command.
- (line 6)
-* iteration <2>: set-show. (line 18)
-* iteration <3>: unset. (line 6)
-* iteration-specifier: iteration. (line 23)
-* jitter: Bee_swarm_plots. (line 6)
-* jitter <1>: jitter. (line 6)
-* jpeg: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* kc-tek40xx: tek40. (line 6)
-* kdensity: smooth. (line 167)
-* kdensity <1>: dgrid3d. (line 6)
-* key: key. (line 6)
-* keyentry: extra_key_entries. (line 6)
-* km-tek40xx: tek40. (line 6)
-* kyo: kyo. (line 6)
-* label: label. (line 6)
-* labels: labels. (line 6)
-* labels <1>: mouse. (line 54)
-* lambertw: lambertw. (line 6)
-* latex: latex. (line 6)
-* layers: layers. (line 6)
-* layout: multiplot. (line 6)
-* lc: colorspec. (line 6)
-* least-squares: fit. (line 6)
-* legend: key. (line 6)
-* legend <1>: multiple_keys. (line 6)
-* lgamma: lgamma. (line 6)
-* libgd: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* license: Copyright. (line 6)
-* lighting: lighting. (line 6)
-* line-editing: Command-line-editing.
- (line 6)
-* linecolor: colorspec. (line 6)
-* lines: lines. (line 6)
-* linespoints: linespoints. (line 6)
-* linespoints <1>: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* linestyle: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* linetype: linetype. (line 6)
-* linetypes: linetypes. (line 6)
-* linewidth: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* linewidth <1>: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* link: link. (line 6)
-* linux: linux. (line 6)
-* lmargin: lmargin. (line 6)
-* load: load. (line 6)
-* loadpath: loadpath. (line 6)
-* locale: decimalsign. (line 6)
-* locale <1>: locale. (line 6)
-* locale <2>: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* log: log. (line 6)
-* log10: log10. (line 6)
-* logit: nonlinear. (line 38)
-* logscale: logscale. (line 6)
-* logscale <1>: xtics_logscale. (line 6)
-* lower: raise. (line 6)
-* lp: linespoints. (line 6)
-* lua: lua. (line 6)
-* macros:
Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros.
- (line 6)
-* map: deprecated_options. (line 6)
-* mapping: mapping. (line 6)
-* margins: margin. (line 6)
-* markup: Enhanced_text_mode. (line 6)
-* Marquardt: fit. (line 6)
-* matrix: matrix. (line 6)
-* max: corners2color. (line 6)
-* mcsplines: smooth. (line 91)
-* mean: corners2color. (line 6)
-* median: corners2color. (line 6)
-* metafont: mf. (line 6)
-* metapost: mp. (line 6)
-* mf: mf. (line 6)
-* micro: micro. (line 6)
-* mif: mif. (line 6)
-* min: corners2color. (line 6)
-* minussign: minussign. (line 6)
-* missing: set_datafile_missing.
- (line 6)
-* mixing_macros_backquotes: String_variables. (line 6)
-* modulo: Binary. (line 34)
-* modulus: abs. (line 9)
-* monochrome: monochrome. (line 6)
-* mouse: mouse. (line 6)
-* mouseformat: mouseformat. (line 6)
-* mousewheel: scrolling. (line 6)
-* mousing: mouse. (line 6)
-* mp: mp. (line 6)
-* mttics: mttics. (line 6)
-* multi-branch: multi-branch. (line 6)
-* multiplot: Plotting. (line 15)
-* multiplot <1>: multiplot. (line 6)
-* mx2tics: mx2tics. (line 6)
-* mxtics: mxtics. (line 6)
-* my2tics: my2tics. (line 6)
-* mytics: mytics. (line 6)
-* mztics: mztics. (line 6)
-* NaN: Expressions. (line 25)
-* NaN <1>: User-defined_variables_and_functions.
- (line 40)
-* NaN <2>: using. (line 98)
-* nec_cp6: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* negation: Unary. (line 17)
-* new: Features_introduced_in_version_5.2.
- (line 6)
-* newhistogram: newhistogram. (line 6)
-* noarrow: arrow. (line 6)
-* noautoscale: autoscale. (line 6)
-* noborder: border. (line 6)
-* nocbdtics: cbdtics. (line 6)
-* nocbmtics: cbmtics. (line 6)
-* nocbtics: cbtics. (line 6)
-* nocontour: contour. (line 6)
-* nodgrid3d: dgrid3d. (line 6)
-* noextend: autoscale. (line 23)
-* nofpe_trap: set_datafile_nofpe_trap.
- (line 6)
-* nogrid: grid. (line 6)
-* nohidden3d: hidden3d. (line 6)
-* nohidden3d <1>: known_limitations. (line 9)
-* nokey: key. (line 6)
-* nolabel: label. (line 6)
-* nologscale: logscale. (line 6)
-* nomouse: mouse. (line 6)
-* nomttics: mttics. (line 6)
-* nomultiplot: multiplot. (line 6)
-* nomx2tics: mx2tics. (line 6)
-* nomxtics: mxtics. (line 6)
-* nomy2tics: my2tics. (line 6)
-* nomytics: mytics. (line 6)
-* nomztics: mztics. (line 6)
-* nonlinear: nonlinear. (line 6)
-* nooffsets: offsets. (line 6)
-* noparametric: parametric_. (line 6)
-* nopolar: polar. (line 6)
-* norm: abs. (line 9)
-* norm <1>: norm. (line 6)
-* nosurface: surface. (line 6)
-* notimestamp: timestamp. (line 6)
-* nox2dtics: x2dtics. (line 6)
-* nox2mtics: x2mtics. (line 6)
-* nox2tics: x2tics. (line 6)
-* nox2zeroaxis: x2zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* noxdtics: xdtics. (line 6)
-* noxmtics: xmtics. (line 6)
-* noxtics: xtics. (line 6)
-* noxzeroaxis: xzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* noy2dtics: y2dtics. (line 6)
-* noy2mtics: y2mtics. (line 6)
-* noy2tics: y2tics. (line 6)
-* noy2zeroaxis: y2zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* noydtics: ydtics. (line 6)
-* noymtics: ymtics. (line 6)
-* noytics: ytics. (line 6)
-* noyzeroaxis: yzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* nozdtics: zdtics. (line 6)
-* nozmtics: zmtics. (line 6)
-* noztics: ztics. (line 6)
-* nozzeroaxis: zzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* objects: object. (line 6)
-* octal: Constants. (line 6)
-* offsets: offsets. (line 6)
-* okidata: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* one's complement: Unary. (line 17)
-* operator precedence: Unary. (line 17)
-* operators: Operators. (line 6)
-* origin: origin. (line 6)
-* output: output. (line 6)
-* palette: palette. (line 6)
-* parallelaxes: parallelaxes. (line 6)
-* parametric: parametric_. (line 6)
-* pause: pause. (line 6)
-* paxis: paxis. (line 6)
-* pbm: pbm. (line 6)
-* pcl5: hpgl. (line 6)
-* pdf: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* pdf <1>: pdf. (line 6)
-* pdf <2>: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* perpendicular: keywords. (line 107)
-* persist: Persist. (line 6)
-* pi: User-defined_variables_and_functions.
- (line 40)
-* piped-data: piped-data. (line 6)
-* pipes: piped-data. (line 6)
-* pipes <1>: piped-data. (line 6)
-* pixels: image_pixels. (line 6)
-* plot: plot. (line 6)
-* plot styles: plotting_styles. (line 6)
-* plotting: Plotting. (line 6)
-* pm3d: pm3d. (line 6)
-* png: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* png <1>: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* png <2>: png_. (line 6)
-* pointinterval: linespoints. (line 6)
-* pointinterval <1>: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* pointintervalbox: pointintervalbox. (line 6)
-* pointnumber: linespoints. (line 6)
-* pointnumber <1>: set_style_line. (line 6)
-* points: points. (line 6)
-* pointsize: pointsize. (line 6)
-* pointtype: points. (line 6)
-* polar: Polar_plots. (line 6)
-* polar <1>: polar. (line 6)
-* polygon: polygon. (line 6)
-* pop: terminal. (line 6)
-* postscript:
postscript__(also_encapsulated_postscript_*.eps).
- (line 6)
-* practical_guidelines: practical_guidelines.
- (line 6)
-* prescribe: kyo. (line 6)
-* print: print. (line 6)
-* printerr: printerr. (line 6)
-* printing: printing. (line 6)
-* projection: 2D_projection_(set_view_map).
- (line 6)
-* psdir: psdir. (line 6)
-* pseudocolumns: using. (line 136)
-* pstricks: pstricks. (line 6)
-* punctuation: Syntax. (line 6)
-* push: terminal. (line 6)
-* pwd: pwd. (line 6)
-* qms: qms. (line 6)
-* quit: quit. (line 6)
-* quotes: Quote_Marks. (line 6)
-* raise: raise. (line 6)
-* rand: rand. (line 6)
-* rand <1>: Random_number_generator.
- (line 6)
-* random: Random_number_generator.
- (line 6)
-* range-frame: xtics_rangelimited. (line 6)
-* rangelimited: xtics_rangelimited. (line 6)
-* ranges: ranges. (line 6)
-* ratio: size. (line 6)
-* raxis: raxis. (line 6)
-* real: real. (line 6)
-* rectangle: rectangle. (line 6)
-* refresh: refresh. (line 6)
-* regis: regis. (line 6)
-* replot: replot. (line 6)
-* reread: reread. (line 6)
-* reset: reset. (line 6)
-* restore: xrange. (line 6)
-* rgbalpha: image. (line 6)
-* rgbcolor: colorspec. (line 6)
-* rgbformulae: rgbformulae. (line 6)
-* rgbimage: image. (line 6)
-* rgbimage <1>: rgbmax. (line 6)
-* rgbmax: rgbmax. (line 6)
-* rlabel: rlabel. (line 6)
-* rmargin: rmargin. (line 6)
-* rms: corners2color. (line 6)
-* rotate: keywords. (line 88)
-* rrange: rrange. (line 6)
-* rtics: rtics. (line 6)
-* sample: sampling. (line 6)
-* samples: samples. (line 6)
-* sampling: sampling. (line 6)
-* save: save. (line 6)
-* sbezier: smooth. (line 100)
-* scan: keywords. (line 12)
-* scansautomatic: scanorder. (line 6)
-* scansbackward: scanorder. (line 6)
-* scansforward: scanorder. (line 6)
-* scope: iteration. (line 38)
-* scope <1>: iteration. (line 38)
-* screendump: printing. (line 6)
-* scrolling: scrolling. (line 6)
-* seeking-assistance: Seeking-assistance. (line 6)
-* selanar: tek40. (line 6)
-* separator: set_datafile_separator.
- (line 6)
-* session: reset. (line 24)
-* set: set-show. (line 6)
-* sgn: sgn. (line 6)
-* shell: shell. (line 6)
-* show: set-show. (line 6)
-* sin: sin. (line 6)
-* sinh: sinh. (line 6)
-* sixel: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* sixel <1>: tek40. (line 6)
-* size: size. (line 6)
-* sjis: encoding. (line 6)
-* SJIS: encoding. (line 6)
-* skip: example_datafile. (line 24)
-* skip <1>: skip_. (line 6)
-* smooth: smooth. (line 6)
-* special-filenames: special-filenames. (line 6)
-* specify: Syntax. (line 6)
-* splines: smooth. (line 6)
-* splot: splot. (line 6)
-* sprintf: sprintf. (line 6)
-* sqrt: sqrt. (line 6)
-* square: size. (line 6)
-* square <1>: size. (line 44)
-* starc: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* start: Start-up_(initialization).
- (line 6)
-* start-up: Start-up_(initialization).
- (line 6)
-* starting_values: starting_values. (line 6)
-* startup: Start-up_(initialization).
- (line 6)
-* statistical_overview: statistical_overview.
- (line 6)
-* statistics: stats_(Statistical_Summary).
- (line 6)
-* stats: stats_(Statistical_Summary).
- (line 6)
-* steps: steps. (line 6)
-* strcol: stringcolumn. (line 6)
-* strftime: strftime. (line 6)
-* string: String_constants_and_string_variables.
- (line 6)
-* string operators: Binary. (line 34)
-* stringcolumn: stringcolumn. (line 6)
-* strings: String_constants_and_string_variables.
- (line 6)
-* strlen: strlen. (line 6)
-* strptime: strptime. (line 6)
-* strstrt: strstrt. (line 6)
-* style: with. (line 6)
-* subfigures: Plotting. (line 15)
-* substitution: Substitution_and_Command_line_macros.
- (line 6)
-* substr: substr. (line 6)
-* substring: substr. (line 6)
-* substring <1>: String_constants_and_string_variables.
- (line 50)
-* summation: Summation. (line 6)
-* surface: Surface_plots. (line 6)
-* surface <1>: surface. (line 6)
-* svg: svg. (line 6)
-* svga: svga. (line 6)
-* svgalib: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* syntax: Syntax. (line 6)
-* system: system. (line 6)
-* system <1>: system_. (line 6)
-* table: table. (line 6)
-* tan: tan. (line 6)
-* tandy_60dpi: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* tanh: tanh. (line 6)
-* tc: colorspec. (line 6)
-* tek40: tek40. (line 6)
-* tek410x: tek410x. (line 6)
-* term: complete_list_of_terminals.
- (line 6)
-* terminal: complete_list_of_terminals.
- (line 6)
-* termoption: termoption. (line 6)
-* ternary: Ternary. (line 6)
-* test: test. (line 6)
-* texdraw: texdraw. (line 6)
-* text-menu: text-menu". (line 6)
-* textbox: set_style_textbox. (line 6)
-* textcolor: colorspec. (line 6)
-* text_markup: Enhanced_text_mode. (line 6)
-* tgif: tgif. (line 6)
-* theta: theta. (line 6)
-* thru: thru. (line 6)
-* tics: tics. (line 6)
-* ticscale: ticscale. (line 6)
-* ticslevel: ticslevel. (line 6)
-* time: time. (line 6)
-* time/date: Time/Date_data. (line 6)
-* timecolumn: timecolumn. (line 6)
-* timefmt: timefmt. (line 6)
-* timefmt <1>: known_limitations. (line 9)
-* timestamp: timestamp. (line 6)
-* time_specifiers: time/date_specifiers.
- (line 6)
-* tips: tips. (line 6)
-* title: title_. (line 6)
-* tkcanvas: tkcanvas. (line 6)
-* tmargin: tmargin. (line 6)
-* tm_hour: tm_hour. (line 6)
-* tm_mday: tm_mday. (line 6)
-* tm_min: tm_min. (line 6)
-* tm_mon: tm_mon. (line 6)
-* tm_sec: tm_sec. (line 6)
-* tm_wday: tm_wday. (line 6)
-* tm_yday: tm_yday. (line 6)
-* tm_year: tm_year. (line 6)
-* toggle: toggle. (line 6)
-* tpic: tpic. (line 6)
-* trange: trange. (line 6)
-* transparency: transparency. (line 6)
-* transparent: set_style_fill. (line 69)
-* transpose: keywords. (line 37)
-* ttics: ttics. (line 6)
-* unary: Unary. (line 6)
-* undefine: undefine. (line 6)
-* unique: smooth. (line 105)
-* unset: unset. (line 6)
-* unwrap: smooth. (line 112)
-* update: update. (line 6)
-* urange: urange. (line 6)
-* user-defined: User-defined_variables_and_functions.
- (line 6)
-* using: using. (line 6)
-* UTF-8: encoding. (line 6)
-* utf8: encoding. (line 6)
-* valid: valid. (line 6)
-* value: value. (line 6)
-* variable: points. (line 23)
-* variable <1>: points. (line 25)
-* variables: User-defined_variables_and_functions.
- (line 6)
-* vectors: vectors. (line 6)
-* vgagl: vgagl. (line 6)
-* vgal: emxvga. (line 6)
-* view: view. (line 6)
-* voigt: voigt. (line 6)
-* volatile: volatile. (line 6)
-* VP: Voigt_Profile. (line 6)
-* vrange: vrange. (line 6)
-* vttek: tek40. (line 6)
-* VWS: VWS. (line 6)
-* wgnuplot.ini: wgnuplot.ini. (line 6)
-* wgnuplot.mnu: wgnuplot.mnu". (line 6)
-* while: While. (line 6)
-* windows: windows. (line 6)
-* with: with. (line 6)
-* word: word. (line 6)
-* word <1>: Counting_and_extracting_words.
- (line 6)
-* words: words. (line 6)
-* words <1>: Counting_and_extracting_words.
- (line 6)
-* writeback: xrange. (line 6)
-* wxt: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* wxt <1>: wxt. (line 6)
-* X resources: x11. (line 108)
-* X resources <1>: command-line_options_.
- (line 25)
-* X resources <2>: color_resources_. (line 6)
-* X resources <3>: grayscale_resources_.
- (line 6)
-* X resources <4>: line_resources_. (line 6)
-* X resources <5>: x11_pm3d_resources. (line 6)
-* X resources <6>: x11_other_resources. (line 6)
-* x11: x11. (line 6)
-* X11: x11. (line 6)
-* x11_fonts: x11_fonts. (line 6)
-* x11_mouse: X11_mouse. (line 6)
-* x2data: x2data. (line 6)
-* x2dtics: x2dtics. (line 6)
-* x2label: x2label. (line 6)
-* x2mtics: x2mtics. (line 6)
-* x2range: x2range. (line 6)
-* x2tics: x2tics. (line 6)
-* x2zeroaxis: x2zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* xdata: xdata. (line 6)
-* xdtics: xdtics. (line 6)
-* xerrorbars: xerrorbars. (line 6)
-* xerrorlines: xerrorlines. (line 6)
-* xfig: fig. (line 6)
-* xlabel: xlabel. (line 6)
-* xlib: xlib. (line 6)
-* xmtics: xmtics. (line 6)
-* xrange: xrange. (line 6)
-* xterm: tek40. (line 6)
-* xticlabels: using. (line 150)
-* xtics: xtics. (line 6)
-* xyerrorbars: xyerrorbars. (line 6)
-* xyerrorlines: xyerrorlines. (line 6)
-* xyplane: xyplane. (line 6)
-* xzeroaxis: xzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* y2data: y2data. (line 6)
-* y2dtics: y2dtics. (line 6)
-* y2label: y2label. (line 6)
-* y2mtics: y2mtics. (line 6)
-* y2range: y2range. (line 6)
-* y2tics: y2tics. (line 6)
-* y2zeroaxis: y2zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* ydata: ydata. (line 6)
-* ydtics: ydtics. (line 6)
-* yerrorbars: yerrorbars. (line 6)
-* yerrorlines: yerrorlines. (line 6)
-* ylabel: ylabel. (line 6)
-* ymtics: ymtics. (line 6)
-* yrange: yrange. (line 6)
-* ytics: ytics. (line 6)
-* yzeroaxis: yzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* zdata: zdata. (line 6)
-* zdtics: zdtics. (line 6)
-* zero: zero. (line 6)
-* zeroaxis: zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* zerrorfill: zerrorfill. (line 6)
-* zerrorfill <1>: Fence_plots. (line 6)
-* zlabel: zlabel. (line 6)
-* zmtics: zmtics. (line 6)
-* zoom: zoom. (line 6)
-* zrange: zrange. (line 6)
-* ztics: ztics. (line 6)
-* zzeroaxis: zzeroaxis. (line 6)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Command_Index, Next: Options_Index, Prev:
Concept_Index, Up: Top
-
-Command Index
-*************
-
- [index ]
-* Menu:
-
-* call: call. (line 6)
-* cd: cd. (line 6)
-* clear: clear. (line 6)
-* evaluate: evaluate. (line 6)
-* exit: exit. (line 6)
-* fit: fit. (line 6)
-* for: for. (line 6)
-* help: help. (line 6)
-* history: history. (line 6)
-* if: if. (line 6)
-* import: import. (line 6)
-* load: load. (line 6)
-* lower: raise. (line 6)
-* pause: pause. (line 6)
-* plot: plot. (line 6)
-* print: print. (line 6)
-* printerr: printerr. (line 6)
-* pwd: pwd. (line 6)
-* quit: quit. (line 6)
-* raise: raise. (line 6)
-* refresh: refresh. (line 6)
-* replot: replot. (line 6)
-* reread: reread. (line 6)
-* reset: reset. (line 6)
-* save: save. (line 6)
-* shell: shell. (line 6)
-* splot: splot. (line 6)
-* system: system. (line 6)
-* system <1>: system_. (line 6)
-* test: test. (line 6)
-* toggle: toggle. (line 6)
-* undefine: undefine. (line 6)
-* unset: unset. (line 6)
-* update: update. (line 6)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Options_Index, Next: Function_Index, Prev:
Command_Index, Up: Top
-
-Options Index
-*************
-
- [index ]
-* Menu:
-
-* angles: angles. (line 6)
-* arrow: arrow. (line 6)
-* autoscale: autoscale. (line 6)
-* bind: bind. (line 6)
-* bind <1>: reset. (line 32)
-* bind <2>: bind_. (line 6)
-* bmargin: bmargin. (line 6)
-* border: fill_properties. (line 6)
-* border <1>: border. (line 6)
-* border <2>: set_style_fill. (line 49)
-* boxwidth: boxwidth. (line 6)
-* cbdata: cbdata. (line 6)
-* cbdtics: cbdtics. (line 6)
-* cblabel: cblabel. (line 6)
-* cbmtics: cbmtics. (line 6)
-* cbrange: cbrange. (line 6)
-* cbtics: cbtics. (line 6)
-* clabel: clabel. (line 6)
-* clip: clip. (line 6)
-* cntrlabel: cntrlabel. (line 6)
-* cntrparam: cntrparam. (line 6)
-* colornames: colornames. (line 6)
-* colorsequence: colorsequence. (line 6)
-* contour: contour. (line 6)
-* dashtype: dashtype. (line 6)
-* dashtype <1>: dashtype. (line 6)
-* datafile: data. (line 6)
-* decimalsign: decimalsign. (line 6)
-* dgrid3d: dgrid3d. (line 6)
-* dummy: dummy. (line 6)
-* encoding: encoding. (line 6)
-* errorbars: errorbars. (line 6)
-* errorbars <1>: errorbars_. (line 6)
-* fontpath: fontpath. (line 6)
-* format: format_. (line 6)
-* functions: functions. (line 6)
-* grid: grid. (line 6)
-* hidden3d: hidden3d. (line 6)
-* historysize: historysize. (line 6)
-* isosamples: isosamples. (line 6)
-* jitter: Bee_swarm_plots. (line 6)
-* jitter <1>: jitter. (line 6)
-* key: key. (line 6)
-* label: label. (line 6)
-* linetype: linetype. (line 6)
-* link: link. (line 6)
-* lmargin: lmargin. (line 6)
-* loadpath: loadpath. (line 6)
-* locale: decimalsign. (line 6)
-* locale <1>: locale. (line 6)
-* locale <2>: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* logscale: logscale. (line 6)
-* logscale <1>: xtics_logscale. (line 6)
-* macros:
Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros.
- (line 6)
-* mapping: mapping. (line 6)
-* micro: micro. (line 6)
-* minussign: minussign. (line 6)
-* monochrome: monochrome. (line 6)
-* mouse: mouse. (line 6)
-* mttics: mttics. (line 6)
-* multiplot: Plotting. (line 15)
-* multiplot <1>: multiplot. (line 6)
-* mx2tics: mx2tics. (line 6)
-* mxtics: mxtics. (line 6)
-* my2tics: my2tics. (line 6)
-* mytics: mytics. (line 6)
-* mztics: mztics. (line 6)
-* nonlinear: nonlinear. (line 6)
-* offsets: offsets. (line 6)
-* origin: origin. (line 6)
-* output: output. (line 6)
-* palette: palette. (line 6)
-* parametric: parametric_. (line 6)
-* paxis: paxis. (line 6)
-* pm3d: pm3d. (line 6)
-* pointintervalbox: pointintervalbox. (line 6)
-* pointsize: pointsize. (line 6)
-* polar: Polar_plots. (line 6)
-* polar <1>: polar. (line 6)
-* psdir: psdir. (line 6)
-* raxis: raxis. (line 6)
-* rgbmax: rgbmax. (line 6)
-* rlabel: rlabel. (line 6)
-* rmargin: rmargin. (line 6)
-* rrange: rrange. (line 6)
-* rtics: rtics. (line 6)
-* samples: samples. (line 6)
-* size: size. (line 6)
-* style: with. (line 6)
-* surface: Surface_plots. (line 6)
-* surface <1>: surface. (line 6)
-* table: table. (line 6)
-* terminal: complete_list_of_terminals.
- (line 6)
-* termoption: termoption. (line 6)
-* theta: theta. (line 6)
-* tics: tics. (line 6)
-* ticscale: ticscale. (line 6)
-* ticslevel: ticslevel. (line 6)
-* timefmt: timefmt. (line 6)
-* timefmt <1>: known_limitations. (line 9)
-* timestamp: timestamp. (line 6)
-* title: title_. (line 6)
-* tmargin: tmargin. (line 6)
-* trange: trange. (line 6)
-* ttics: ttics. (line 6)
-* urange: urange. (line 6)
-* variables: User-defined_variables_and_functions.
- (line 6)
-* view: view. (line 6)
-* vrange: vrange. (line 6)
-* x2data: x2data. (line 6)
-* x2dtics: x2dtics. (line 6)
-* x2label: x2label. (line 6)
-* x2mtics: x2mtics. (line 6)
-* x2range: x2range. (line 6)
-* x2tics: x2tics. (line 6)
-* x2zeroaxis: x2zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* xdata: xdata. (line 6)
-* xdtics: xdtics. (line 6)
-* xlabel: xlabel. (line 6)
-* xmtics: xmtics. (line 6)
-* xrange: xrange. (line 6)
-* xtics: xtics. (line 6)
-* xyplane: xyplane. (line 6)
-* xzeroaxis: xzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* y2data: y2data. (line 6)
-* y2dtics: y2dtics. (line 6)
-* y2label: y2label. (line 6)
-* y2mtics: y2mtics. (line 6)
-* y2range: y2range. (line 6)
-* y2tics: y2tics. (line 6)
-* y2zeroaxis: y2zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* ydata: ydata. (line 6)
-* ydtics: ydtics. (line 6)
-* ylabel: ylabel. (line 6)
-* ymtics: ymtics. (line 6)
-* yrange: yrange. (line 6)
-* ytics: ytics. (line 6)
-* yzeroaxis: yzeroaxis. (line 6)
-* zdata: zdata. (line 6)
-* zdtics: zdtics. (line 6)
-* zero: zero. (line 6)
-* zeroaxis: zeroaxis. (line 6)
-* zlabel: zlabel. (line 6)
-* zmtics: zmtics. (line 6)
-* zrange: zrange. (line 6)
-* ztics: ztics. (line 6)
-* zzeroaxis: zzeroaxis. (line 6)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Function_Index, Next: Terminal_Index, Prev:
Options_Index, Up: Top
-
-Function Index
-**************
-
- [index ]
-* Menu:
-
-* abs: abs. (line 6)
-* acos: acos. (line 6)
-* acosh: acosh. (line 6)
-* airy: airy. (line 6)
-* arg: arg. (line 6)
-* asin: asin. (line 6)
-* asinh: asinh. (line 6)
-* atan: atan. (line 6)
-* atan2: atan2. (line 6)
-* atanh: atanh. (line 6)
-* besj0: besj0. (line 6)
-* besj1: besj1. (line 6)
-* besy0: besy0. (line 6)
-* besy1: besy1. (line 6)
-* cdawson: cdawson. (line 6)
-* ceil: ceil. (line 6)
-* cerf: cerf. (line 6)
-* column: column. (line 6)
-* column <1>: using. (line 28)
-* columnhead: columnhead. (line 6)
-* cos: cos. (line 6)
-* cosh: cosh. (line 6)
-* elliptic integrals: elliptic_integrals. (line 6)
-* EllipticE: EllipticK. (line 7)
-* EllipticK: atanh. (line 7)
-* EllipticPi: EllipticE. (line 7)
-* erf: erf. (line 6)
-* erfc: erfc. (line 6)
-* erfi: erfi. (line 6)
-* exists: exists. (line 6)
-* exists <1>:
Substitution_of_string_variables_as_macros.
- (line 6)
-* exp: exp. (line 6)
-* expint: expint. (line 6)
-* faddeeva: faddeeva. (line 6)
-* floor: floor. (line 6)
-* gamma: gamma. (line 6)
-* gamma <1>: known_limitations. (line 9)
-* gprintf: gprintf_. (line 6)
-* hsv2rgb: hsv2rgb. (line 6)
-* ibeta: ibeta. (line 6)
-* igamma: igamma. (line 6)
-* imag: imag. (line 6)
-* int: int. (line 6)
-* inverf: inverf. (line 6)
-* invnorm: invnorm. (line 6)
-* lambertw: lambertw. (line 6)
-* lgamma: lgamma. (line 6)
-* log: log. (line 6)
-* log10: log10. (line 6)
-* norm: abs. (line 9)
-* norm <1>: norm. (line 6)
-* rand: rand. (line 6)
-* rand <1>: Random_number_generator.
- (line 6)
-* real: real. (line 6)
-* sgn: sgn. (line 6)
-* sin: sin. (line 6)
-* sinh: sinh. (line 6)
-* sprintf: sprintf. (line 6)
-* sqrt: sqrt. (line 6)
-* strftime: strftime. (line 6)
-* stringcolumn: stringcolumn. (line 6)
-* strlen: strlen. (line 6)
-* strptime: strptime. (line 6)
-* strstrt: strstrt. (line 6)
-* substr: substr. (line 6)
-* tan: tan. (line 6)
-* tanh: tanh. (line 6)
-* time: time. (line 6)
-* timecolumn: timecolumn. (line 6)
-* tm_hour: tm_hour. (line 6)
-* tm_mday: tm_mday. (line 6)
-* tm_min: tm_min. (line 6)
-* tm_mon: tm_mon. (line 6)
-* tm_sec: tm_sec. (line 6)
-* tm_wday: tm_wday. (line 6)
-* tm_yday: tm_yday. (line 6)
-* tm_year: tm_year. (line 6)
-* valid: valid. (line 6)
-* value: value. (line 6)
-* voigt: voigt. (line 6)
-* word: word. (line 6)
-* word <1>: Counting_and_extracting_words.
- (line 6)
-* words: words. (line 6)
-* words <1>: Counting_and_extracting_words.
- (line 6)
-
-
-File: gnuplot.info, Node: Terminal_Index, Prev: Function_Index, Up: Top
-
-Terminal Index
-**************
-
- [index ]
-* Menu:
-
-* cgm: cgm. (line 6)
-* context: context. (line 6)
-* corel: corel. (line 6)
-* debug: debug. (line 6)
-* dospc: dospc. (line 6)
-* dpu414: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* dumb: dumb. (line 6)
-* dxf: dxf. (line 6)
-* dxy800a: dxy800a. (line 6)
-* eepic: eepic. (line 6)
-* emf: emf. (line 6)
-* emtex: latex. (line 6)
-* emxvesa: emxvga. (line 6)
-* emxvga: emxvga. (line 6)
-* epscairo: epscairo. (line 6)
-* excl: excl. (line 6)
-* ggi: ggi. (line 6)
-* gpic: gpic. (line 6)
-* graph-menu: graph-menu. (line 6)
-* grass: grass. (line 6)
-* hp2623a: hp2623a. (line 6)
-* hp2648: hp2648. (line 6)
-* hp500c: hp500c. (line 6)
-* hpdj: hpljii. (line 6)
-* hpgl: hpgl. (line 6)
-* hpljii: hpljii. (line 6)
-* hppj: hppj. (line 6)
-* imagen: imagen. (line 6)
-* kc-tek40xx: tek40. (line 6)
-* kyo: kyo. (line 6)
-* latex: latex. (line 6)
-* linux: linux. (line 6)
-* lua: lua. (line 6)
-* mif: mif. (line 6)
-* okidata: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* pbm: pbm. (line 6)
-* pcl5: hpgl. (line 6)
-* pdf: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* pdf <1>: pdf. (line 6)
-* pdf <2>: External_libraries. (line 6)
-* png: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* png <1>: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* png <2>: png_. (line 6)
-* prescribe: kyo. (line 6)
-* pstricks: pstricks. (line 6)
-* qms: qms. (line 6)
-* regis: regis. (line 6)
-* sixel: gd_(png. (line 6)
-* sixel <1>: tek40. (line 6)
-* starc: epson_180dpi. (line 6)
-* svg: svg. (line 6)
-* svga: svga. (line 6)
-* tek40: tek40. (line 6)
-* tek410x: tek410x. (line 6)
-* texdraw: texdraw. (line 6)
-* text-menu: text-menu". (line 6)
-* tgif: tgif. (line 6)
-* tkcanvas: tkcanvas. (line 6)
-* tpic: tpic. (line 6)
-* vgagl: vgagl. (line 6)
-* vgal: emxvga. (line 6)
-* vttek: tek40. (line 6)
-* VWS: VWS. (line 6)
-* wgnuplot.ini: wgnuplot.ini. (line 6)
-* wgnuplot.mnu: wgnuplot.mnu". (line 6)
-* windows: windows. (line 6)
-* wxt: cairo_(pdfcairo. (line 6)
-* wxt <1>: wxt. (line 6)
-* xlib: xlib. (line 6)
-* xterm: tek40. (line 6)
-
-
-
-Tag Table:
-Node: Top204
-Node: gnuplot1168
-Node: Copyright1887
-Node: Introduction3916
-Node: Seeking-assistance8358
-Node: New_features9928
-Node: Features_introduced_in_version_5.210170
-Node: New_plot_styles_and_style_options10816
-Node: New_data_pre-processing_filters11730
-Node: Polar_mode_improvements_and_extensions12136
-Node: Nonlinear_coordinates_systems13151
-Node: New_commands_and_command_options13827
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