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[Emacs-diffs] Changes to misc.texi
|
From: |
Glenn Morris |
|
Subject: |
[Emacs-diffs] Changes to misc.texi |
|
Date: |
Thu, 06 Sep 2007 04:38:43 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /sources/emacs
Module name: emacs
Changes by: Glenn Morris <gm> 07/09/06 04:38:43
Index: misc.texi
===================================================================
RCS file: misc.texi
diff -N misc.texi
--- misc.texi 22 Apr 2007 13:58:31 -0000 1.103
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,2559 +0,0 @@
address@hidden This is part of the Emacs manual.
address@hidden Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000,
2001,
address@hidden 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.
address@hidden See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
address@hidden
address@hidden Miscellaneous Commands
-
- This chapter contains several brief topics that do not fit anywhere
-else: reading netnews, running shell commands and shell subprocesses,
-using a single shared Emacs for utilities that expect to run an editor
-as a subprocess, printing hardcopy, sorting text, narrowing display to
-part of the buffer, editing double-column files and binary files,
-saving an Emacs session for later resumption, following hyperlinks,
-browsing images, emulating other editors, and various diversions and
-amusements.
-
address@hidden iftex
-
address@hidden
address@hidden
address@hidden ifnottex
-
address@hidden Gnus, Shell, Calendar/Diary, Top
address@hidden Gnus
address@hidden Gnus
address@hidden reading netnews
-
-Gnus is an Emacs package primarily designed for reading and posting
-Usenet news. It can also be used to read and respond to messages from a
-number of other sources---mail, remote directories, digests, and so on.
-
-Here we introduce Gnus and describe several basic features.
address@hidden
-For full details, see @ref{Top, Gnus,, gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
address@hidden ifnottex
address@hidden
-For full details on Gnus, type @kbd{M-x info} and then select the Gnus
-manual.
address@hidden iftex
-
address@hidden gnus
-To start Gnus, type @kbd{M-x gnus @key{RET}}.
-
address@hidden
-* Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
-* Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
-* Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Buffers of Gnus
address@hidden Gnus Buffers
-
-Unlike most Emacs packages, Gnus uses several buffers to display
-information and to receive commands. The three Gnus buffers users use
-most are the @dfn{group buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the
address@hidden buffer}.
-
-The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of newsgroups. This is the
-first buffer Gnus displays when it starts up. It normally displays
-only the groups to which you subscribe and that contain unread
-articles. Use this buffer to select a specific group.
-
-The @dfn{summary buffer} lists one line for each article in a single
-group. By default, the author, the subject and the line number are
-displayed for each article, but this is customizable, like most aspects
-of Gnus display. The summary buffer is created when you select a group
-in the group buffer, and is killed when you exit the group. Use this
-buffer to select an article.
-
-The @dfn{article buffer} displays the article. In normal Gnus usage,
-you see this buffer but you don't select it---all useful
-article-oriented commands work in the summary buffer. But you can
-select the article buffer, and execute all Gnus commands from that
-buffer, if you want to.
-
address@hidden Gnus Startup
address@hidden When Gnus Starts Up
-
-At startup, Gnus reads your @file{.newsrc} news initialization file
-and attempts to communicate with the local news server, which is a
-repository of news articles. The news server need not be the same
-computer you are logged in on.
-
-If you start Gnus and connect to the server, but do not see any
-newsgroups listed in the group buffer, type @kbd{L} or @kbd{A k} to get
-a listing of all the groups. Then type @kbd{u} to toggle
-subscription to groups.
-
-The first time you start Gnus, Gnus subscribes you to a few selected
-groups. All other groups start out as @dfn{killed groups} for you; you
-can list them with @kbd{A k}. All new groups that subsequently come to
-exist at the news server become @dfn{zombie groups} for you; type @kbd{A
-z} to list them. You can subscribe to a group shown in these lists
-using the @kbd{u} command.
-
-When you quit Gnus with @kbd{q}, it automatically records in your
address@hidden and @file{.newsrc.eld} initialization files the
-subscribed or unsubscribed status of all groups. You should normally
-not edit these files manually, but you may if you know how.
-
address@hidden Summary of Gnus
address@hidden Summary of Gnus Commands
-
-Reading news is a two-step process:
-
address@hidden
address@hidden
-Choose a group in the group buffer.
-
address@hidden
-Select articles from the summary buffer. Each article selected is
-displayed in the article buffer in a large window, below the summary
-buffer in its small window.
address@hidden enumerate
-
- Each Gnus buffer has its own special commands; the meanings of any
-given key in the various Gnus buffers are usually analogous, even if
-not identical. Here are commands for the group and summary buffers:
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden q @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
address@hidden gnus-group-exit
address@hidden q
-In the group buffer, update your @file{.newsrc} initialization file
-and quit Gnus.
-
-In the summary buffer, exit the current group and return to the
-group buffer. Thus, typing @kbd{q} twice quits Gnus.
-
address@hidden L @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
address@hidden gnus-group-list-all-groups
address@hidden L
-In the group buffer, list all the groups available on your news
-server (except those you have killed). This may be a long list!
-
address@hidden l @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
address@hidden gnus-group-list-groups
address@hidden l
-In the group buffer, list only the groups to which you subscribe and
-which contain unread articles.
-
address@hidden u @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
address@hidden gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group
address@hidden subscribe groups
address@hidden unsubscribe groups
address@hidden u
-In the group buffer, unsubscribe from (or subscribe to) the group listed
-in the line that point is on. When you quit Gnus by typing @kbd{q},
-Gnus lists in your @file{.newsrc} file which groups you have subscribed
-to. The next time you start Gnus, you won't see this group,
-because Gnus normally displays only subscribed-to groups.
-
address@hidden C-k @r{(Gnus)}
address@hidden gnus-group-kill-group
address@hidden C-k
-In the group buffer, ``kill'' the current line's group---don't
-even list it in @file{.newsrc} from now on. This affects future
-Gnus sessions as well as the present session.
-
-When you quit Gnus by typing @kbd{q}, Gnus writes information
-in the file @file{.newsrc} describing all newsgroups except those you
-have ``killed.''
-
address@hidden SPC @r{(Gnus)}
address@hidden gnus-group-read-group
address@hidden @key{SPC}
-In the group buffer, select the group on the line under the cursor
-and display the first unread article in that group.
-
address@hidden 1000
-In the summary buffer,
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Select the article on the line under the cursor if none is selected.
-
address@hidden
-Scroll the text of the selected article (if there is one).
-
address@hidden
-Select the next unread article if at the end of the current article.
address@hidden itemize
-
-Thus, you can move through all the articles by repeatedly typing @key{SPC}.
-
address@hidden DEL @r{(Gnus)}
address@hidden @key{DEL}
-In the group buffer, move point to the previous group containing
-unread articles.
-
address@hidden gnus-summary-prev-page
-In the summary buffer, scroll the text of the article backwards.
-
address@hidden n @r{(Gnus)}
address@hidden gnus-group-next-unread-group
address@hidden gnus-summary-next-unread-article
address@hidden n
-Move point to the next unread group, or select the next unread article.
-
address@hidden p @r{(Gnus)}
address@hidden gnus-group-prev-unread-group
address@hidden gnus-summary-prev-unread-article
address@hidden p
-Move point to the previous unread group, or select the previous
-unread article.
-
address@hidden C-n @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
address@hidden gnus-group-next-group
address@hidden C-p @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
address@hidden gnus-group-prev-group
address@hidden C-n @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
address@hidden gnus-summary-next-subject
address@hidden C-p @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
address@hidden gnus-summary-prev-subject
address@hidden C-n
address@hidden C-p
-Move point to the next or previous item, even if it is marked as read.
-This does not select the article or group on that line.
-
address@hidden s @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
address@hidden gnus-summary-isearch-article
address@hidden s
-In the summary buffer, do an incremental search of the current text in
-the article buffer, just as if you switched to the article buffer and
-typed @kbd{C-s}.
-
address@hidden M-s @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
address@hidden gnus-summary-search-article-forward
address@hidden M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
-In the summary buffer, search forward for articles containing a match
-for @var{regexp}.
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden
address@hidden Where to Look
address@hidden Where to Look Further
-
address@hidden Too many references to the name of the manual if done with xref
in TeX!
-Gnus is powerful and customizable. Here are references to a few
address@hidden
-additional topics:
-
address@hidden ifnottex
address@hidden
-additional topics in @cite{The Gnus Manual}:
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Follow discussions on specific address@hidden
-See section ``Threading.''
-
address@hidden
-Read digests. See section ``Document Groups.''
-
address@hidden
-Refer to and jump to the parent of the current address@hidden
-See section ``Finding the Parent.''
-
address@hidden
-Refer to articles by using Message-IDs included in the address@hidden
-See section ``Article Keymap.''
-
address@hidden
-Save articles. See section ``Saving Articles.''
-
address@hidden
-Have Gnus score articles according to various criteria, like author
-name, subject, or string in the body of the address@hidden
-See section ``Scoring.''
-
address@hidden
-Send an article to a address@hidden
-See section ``Composing Messages.''
address@hidden itemize
address@hidden iftex
address@hidden
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Follow discussions on specific address@hidden
address@hidden, , Reading Based on Conversation Threads,
-gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-
address@hidden
-Read digests. @xref{Document Groups, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-
address@hidden
-Refer to and jump to the parent of the current address@hidden
address@hidden the Parent, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-
address@hidden
-Refer to articles by using Message-IDs included in the address@hidden
address@hidden Keymap, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-
address@hidden
-Save articles. @xref{Saving Articles, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-
address@hidden
-Have Gnus score articles according to various criteria, like author
-name, subject, or string in the body of the address@hidden
address@hidden, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-
address@hidden
-Send an article to a address@hidden
address@hidden Messages, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
address@hidden itemize
address@hidden ifnottex
address@hidden ignore
-
address@hidden Shell, Emacs Server, Gnus, Top
address@hidden Running Shell Commands from Emacs
address@hidden subshell
address@hidden shell commands
-
- Emacs has commands for passing single command lines to inferior shell
-processes; it can also run a shell interactively with input and output
-to an Emacs buffer named @samp{*shell*} or run a shell inside a terminal
-emulator window.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-! @var{cmd} @key{RET}
-Run the shell command line @var{cmd} and display the output
-(@code{shell-command}).
address@hidden M-| @var{cmd} @key{RET}
-Run the shell command line @var{cmd} with region contents as input;
-optionally replace the region with the output
-(@code{shell-command-on-region}).
address@hidden M-x shell
-Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer.
-You can then give commands interactively.
address@hidden M-x term
-Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer.
-You can then give commands interactively.
-Full terminal emulation is available.
address@hidden table
-
- @kbd{M-x eshell} invokes a shell implemented entirely in Emacs. It
-is documented in a separate manual. @xref{Top,Eshell,Eshell, eshell,
-Eshell: The Emacs Shell}.
-
address@hidden
-* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
-* Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
-* Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
-* Shell Prompts:: Two ways to recognize shell prompts.
-* History: Shell History. Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
-* Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
-* Options: Shell Options. Options for customizing Shell mode.
-* Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
-* Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
-* Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator.
-* Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Single Shell
address@hidden Single Shell Commands
-
address@hidden M-!
address@hidden shell-command
- @kbd{M-!} (@code{shell-command}) reads a line of text using the
-minibuffer and executes it as a shell command in a subshell made just
-for that command. Standard input for the command comes from the null
-device. If the shell command produces any output, the output appears
-either in the echo area (if it is short), or in an Emacs buffer named
address@hidden Command Output*}, which is displayed in another window
-but not selected (if the output is long).
-
- For instance, one way to decompress a file @file{foo.gz} from Emacs
-is to type @kbd{M-! gunzip foo.gz @key{RET}}. That shell command
-normally creates the file @file{foo} and produces no terminal output.
-
- A numeric argument, as in @kbd{M-1 M-!}, says to insert terminal
-output into the current buffer instead of a separate buffer. It puts
-point before the output, and sets the mark after the output. For
-instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz @key{RET}} would insert the
-uncompressed equivalent of @file{foo.gz} into the current buffer.
-
- If the shell command line ends in @samp{&}, it runs asynchronously.
-For a synchronous shell command, @code{shell-command} returns the
-command's exit status (0 means success), when it is called from a Lisp
-program. You do not get any status information for an asynchronous
-command, since it hasn't finished yet when @code{shell-command} returns.
-
address@hidden M-|
address@hidden shell-command-on-region
- @kbd{M-|} (@code{shell-command-on-region}) is like @kbd{M-!} but
-passes the contents of the region as the standard input to the shell
-command, instead of no input. With a numeric argument, meaning insert
-the output in the current buffer, it deletes the old region and the
-output replaces it as the contents of the region. It returns the
-command's exit status, like @kbd{M-!}.
-
- One use for @kbd{M-|} is to run @code{gpg} to see what keys are in
-the buffer. For instance, if the buffer contains a GPG key, type
address@hidden h M-| gpg @key{RET}} to feed the entire buffer contents to
-the @code{gpg} program. That program will ignore everything except
-the encoded keys, and will output a list of the keys the buffer
-contains.
-
address@hidden shell-file-name
- Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} use @code{shell-file-name} to specify
-the shell to use. This variable is initialized based on your
address@hidden environment variable when Emacs is started. If the file
-name is relative, Emacs searches the directories in the list
address@hidden; this list is initialized based on the environment
-variable @env{PATH} when Emacs is started. Your @file{.emacs} file
-can override either or both of these default initializations.
-
- Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} wait for the shell command to complete,
-unless you end the command with @samp{&} to make it asynchronous. To
-stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit; that terminates the shell
-command with the signal @code{SIGINT}---the same signal that @kbd{C-c}
-normally generates in the shell. Emacs then waits until the command
-actually terminates. If the shell command doesn't stop (because it
-ignores the @code{SIGINT} signal), type @kbd{C-g} again; this sends
-the command a @code{SIGKILL} signal which is impossible to ignore.
-
- Asynchronous commands ending in @samp{&} feed their output into
-the buffer @samp{*Async Shell Command*}. Output arrives in that
-buffer regardless of whether it is visible in a window.
-
- To specify a coding system for @kbd{M-!} or @kbd{M-|}, use the command
address@hidden @key{RET} c} immediately beforehand. @xref{Communication
Coding}.
-
address@hidden shell-command-default-error-buffer
- Error output from these commands is normally intermixed with the
-regular output. But if the variable
address@hidden has a string as value, and
-it's the name of a buffer, @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} insert error output
-before point in that buffer.
-
address@hidden Interactive Shell
address@hidden Interactive Inferior Shell
-
address@hidden shell
- To run a subshell interactively, putting its typescript in an Emacs
-buffer, use @kbd{M-x shell}. This creates (or reuses) a buffer named
address@hidden and runs a subshell with input coming from and output going
-to that buffer. That is to say, any ``terminal output'' from the subshell
-goes into the buffer, advancing point, and any ``terminal input'' for
-the subshell comes from text in the buffer. To give input to the subshell,
-go to the end of the buffer and type the input, terminated by @key{RET}.
-
- Emacs does not wait for the subshell to do anything. You can switch
-windows or buffers and edit them while the shell is waiting, or while it is
-running a command. Output from the subshell waits until Emacs has time to
-process it; this happens whenever Emacs is waiting for keyboard input or
-for time to elapse.
-
address@hidden @code{comint-highlight-input} face
address@hidden @code{comint-highlight-prompt} face
- Input lines, once you submit them, are displayed using the face
address@hidden, and prompts are displayed using the
-face @code{comint-highlight-prompt}. This makes it easier to see
-previous input lines in the buffer. @xref{Faces}.
-
- To make multiple subshells, you can invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a
-prefix argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will read a buffer
-name and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can also
-rename the @samp{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely}, then
-create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}.
-Subshells in different buffers run independently and in parallel.
-
address@hidden explicit-shell-file-name
address@hidden environment variables for subshells
address@hidden @env{ESHELL} environment variable
address@hidden @env{SHELL} environment variable
- The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable
address@hidden, if that is address@hidden Otherwise,
-the environment variable @env{ESHELL} is used, or the environment
-variable @env{SHELL} if there is no @env{ESHELL}. If the file name
-specified is relative, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
-searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
address@hidden when Emacs is started. Your @file{.emacs} file can override
-either or both of these default initializations.
-
- Emacs sends the new shell the contents of the file
address@hidden/address@hidden as input, if it exists, where
address@hidden is the name of the file that the shell was loaded
-from. For example, if you use bash, the file sent to it is
address@hidden/.emacs_bash}. If this file is not found, Emacs tries to fallback
-on @file{~/.emacs.d/address@hidden
-
- To specify a coding system for the shell, you can use the command
address@hidden @key{RET} c} immediately before @kbd{M-x shell}. You can
-also change the coding system for a running subshell by typing
address@hidden @key{RET} p} in the shell buffer. @xref{Communication
-Coding}.
-
address@hidden @env{INSIDE_EMACS} environment variable
- Emacs sets the envitonment variable @env{INSIDE_EMACS} to @code{t}
-in the subshell. Programs can check this variable to determine
-whether they are running inside an Emacs subshell.
-
address@hidden @env{EMACS} environment variable
- Emacs also sets the @env{EMACS} environment variable to @code{t} if
-it is not already defined. @strong{Warning:} This environment
-variable is deprecated. Programs that check this variable should be
-changed to check @env{INSIDE_EMACS} instead.
-
address@hidden Shell Mode
address@hidden Shell Mode
address@hidden Shell mode
address@hidden mode, Shell
-
- Shell buffers use Shell mode, which defines several special keys
-attached to the @kbd{C-c} prefix. They are chosen to resemble the usual
-editing and job control characters present in shells that are not under
-Emacs, except that you must type @kbd{C-c} first. Here is a complete list
-of the special key bindings of Shell mode:
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden @key{RET}
address@hidden RET @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-send-input
-At end of buffer send line as input; otherwise, copy current line to
-end of buffer and send it (@code{comint-send-input}). Copying a line
-in this way omits any prompt at the beginning of the line (text output
-by programs preceding your input). @xref{Shell Prompts}, for how
-Shell mode recognizes prompts.
-
address@hidden @key{TAB}
address@hidden TAB @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-dynamic-complete
-Complete the command name or file name before point in the shell buffer
-(@code{comint-dynamic-complete}). @key{TAB} also completes history
-references (@pxref{History References}) and environment variable names.
-
address@hidden shell-completion-fignore
address@hidden comint-completion-fignore
-The variable @code{shell-completion-fignore} specifies a list of file
-name extensions to ignore in Shell mode completion. The default
-setting is @code{nil}, but some users prefer @code{("~" "#" "%")} to
-ignore file names ending in @samp{~}, @samp{#} or @samp{%}. Other
-related Comint modes use the variable @code{comint-completion-fignore}
-instead.
-
address@hidden M-?
address@hidden M-? @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden address@hidden
-Display temporarily a list of the possible completions of the file name
-before point in the shell buffer
-(@code{comint-dynamic-list-filename-completions}).
-
address@hidden C-d
address@hidden C-d @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof
-Either delete a character or send @acronym{EOF}
-(@code{comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof}). Typed at the end of the shell
-buffer, @kbd{C-d} sends @acronym{EOF} to the subshell. Typed at any other
-position in the buffer, @kbd{C-d} deletes a character as usual.
-
address@hidden C-c C-a
address@hidden C-c C-a @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-bol-or-process-mark
-Move to the beginning of the line, but after the prompt if any
-(@code{comint-bol-or-process-mark}). If you repeat this command twice
-in a row, the second time it moves back to the process mark, which is
-the beginning of the input that you have not yet sent to the subshell.
-(Normally that is the same place---the end of the prompt on this
-line---but after @kbd{C-c @key{SPC}} the process mark may be in a
-previous line.)
-
address@hidden C-c @key{SPC}
-Accumulate multiple lines of input, then send them together. This
-command inserts a newline before point, but does not send the preceding
-text as input to the subshell---at least, not yet. Both lines, the one
-before this newline and the one after, will be sent together (along with
-the newline that separates them), when you type @key{RET}.
-
address@hidden C-c C-u
address@hidden C-c C-u @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-kill-input
-Kill all text pending at end of buffer to be sent as input
-(@code{comint-kill-input}). If point is not at end of buffer,
-this only kills the part of this text that precedes point.
-
address@hidden C-c C-w
address@hidden C-c C-w @r{(Shell mode)}
-Kill a word before point (@code{backward-kill-word}).
-
address@hidden C-c C-c
address@hidden C-c C-c @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-interrupt-subjob
-Interrupt the shell or its current subjob if any
-(@code{comint-interrupt-subjob}). This command also kills
-any shell input pending in the shell buffer and not yet sent.
-
address@hidden C-c C-z
address@hidden C-c C-z @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-stop-subjob
-Stop the shell or its current subjob if any (@code{comint-stop-subjob}).
-This command also kills any shell input pending in the shell buffer and
-not yet sent.
-
address@hidden C-c C-\
address@hidden comint-quit-subjob
address@hidden C-c C-\ @r{(Shell mode)}
-Send quit signal to the shell or its current subjob if any
-(@code{comint-quit-subjob}). This command also kills any shell input
-pending in the shell buffer and not yet sent.
-
address@hidden C-c C-o
address@hidden C-c C-o @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-delete-output
-Delete the last batch of output from a shell command
-(@code{comint-delete-output}). This is useful if a shell command spews
-out lots of output that just gets in the way. This command used to be
-called @code{comint-kill-output}.
-
address@hidden C-c C-s
address@hidden C-c C-s @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-write-output
-Write the last batch of output from a shell command to a file
-(@code{comint-write-output}). With a prefix argument, the file is
-appended to instead. Any prompt at the end of the output is not
-written.
-
address@hidden C-c C-r
address@hidden C-M-l
address@hidden C-c C-r @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden C-M-l @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-show-output
-Scroll to display the beginning of the last batch of output at the top
-of the window; also move the cursor there (@code{comint-show-output}).
-
address@hidden C-c C-e
address@hidden C-c C-e @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-show-maximum-output
-Scroll to put the end of the buffer at the bottom of the window
-(@code{comint-show-maximum-output}).
-
address@hidden C-c C-f
address@hidden C-c C-f @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden shell-forward-command
address@hidden shell-command-regexp
-Move forward across one shell command, but not beyond the current line
-(@code{shell-forward-command}). The variable @code{shell-command-regexp}
-specifies how to recognize the end of a command.
-
address@hidden C-c C-b
address@hidden C-c C-b @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden shell-backward-command
-Move backward across one shell command, but not beyond the current line
-(@code{shell-backward-command}).
-
address@hidden M-x dirs
-Ask the shell what its current directory is, so that Emacs can agree
-with the shell.
-
address@hidden M-x send-invisible @key{RET} @var{text} @key{RET}
address@hidden send-invisible
-Send @var{text} as input to the shell, after reading it without
-echoing. This is useful when a shell command runs a program that asks
-for a password.
-
-Please note that Emacs will not echo passwords by default. If you
-really want them to be echoed, evaluate the following Lisp
-expression:
-
address@hidden
-(remove-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
- 'comint-watch-for-password-prompt)
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden M-x comint-continue-subjob
address@hidden comint-continue-subjob
-Continue the shell process. This is useful if you accidentally suspend
-the shell address@hidden should not suspend the shell process.
-Suspending a subjob of the shell is a completely different matter---that
-is normal practice, but you must use the shell to continue the subjob;
-this command won't do it.}
-
address@hidden M-x comint-strip-ctrl-m
address@hidden comint-strip-ctrl-m
-Discard all control-M characters from the current group of shell output.
-The most convenient way to use this command is to make it run
-automatically when you get output from the subshell. To do that,
-evaluate this Lisp expression:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
- 'comint-strip-ctrl-m)
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden M-x comint-truncate-buffer
address@hidden comint-truncate-buffer
-This command truncates the shell buffer to a certain maximum number of
-lines, specified by the variable @code{comint-buffer-maximum-size}.
-Here's how to do this automatically each time you get output from the
-subshell:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
- 'comint-truncate-buffer)
address@hidden example
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Comint mode
address@hidden mode, Comint
- Shell mode is a derivative of Comint mode, a general-purpose mode for
-communicating with interactive subprocesses. Most of the features of
-Shell mode actually come from Comint mode, as you can see from the
-command names listed above. The special features of Shell mode include
-the directory tracking feature, and a few user commands.
-
- Other Emacs features that use variants of Comint mode include GUD
-(@pxref{Debuggers}) and @kbd{M-x run-lisp} (@pxref{External Lisp}).
-
address@hidden comint-run
- You can use @kbd{M-x comint-run} to execute any program of your choice
-in a subprocess using unmodified Comint mode---without the
-specializations of Shell mode.
-
address@hidden Shell Prompts
address@hidden Shell Prompts
-
address@hidden shell-prompt-pattern
address@hidden comint-prompt-regexp
address@hidden comint-use-prompt-regexp
address@hidden prompt, shell
- A prompt is text output by a program to show that it is ready to
-accept new user input. Normally, Comint mode (and thus Shell mode)
-considers the prompt to be any text output by a program at the
-beginning of an input line. However, if the variable
address@hidden is address@hidden, then Comint mode
-uses a regular expression to recognize prompts. In Shell mode,
address@hidden specifies the regular expression.
-
- The value of @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} also affects many
-motion and paragraph commands. If the value is address@hidden, the
-general Emacs motion commands behave as they normally do in buffers
-without special text properties. However, if the value is @code{nil},
-the default, then Comint mode divides the buffer into two types of
-``fields'' (ranges of consecutive characters having the same
address@hidden text property): input and output. Prompts are part of
-the output. Most Emacs motion commands do not cross field boundaries,
-unless they move over multiple lines. For instance, when point is in
-input on the same line as a prompt, @kbd{C-a} puts point at the
-beginning of the input if @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is
address@hidden and at the beginning of the line otherwise.
-
- In Shell mode, only shell prompts start new paragraphs. Thus, a
-paragraph consists of a prompt and the input and output that follow
-it. However, if @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is @code{nil}, the
-default, most paragraph commands do not cross field boundaries. This
-means that prompts, ranges of input, and ranges of non-prompt output
-behave mostly like separate paragraphs; with this setting, numeric
-arguments to most paragraph commands yield essentially undefined
-behavior. For the purpose of finding paragraph boundaries, Shell mode
-uses @code{shell-prompt-pattern}, regardless of
address@hidden
-
address@hidden Shell History
address@hidden Shell Command History
-
- Shell buffers support three ways of repeating earlier commands. You
-can use keys like those used for the minibuffer history; these work
-much as they do in the minibuffer, inserting text from prior commands
-while point remains always at the end of the buffer. You can move
-through the buffer to previous inputs in their original place, then
-resubmit them or copy them to the end. Or you can use a
address@hidden history reference.
-
address@hidden
-* Ring: Shell Ring. Fetching commands from the history list.
-* Copy: Shell History Copying. Moving to a command and then copying it.
-* History References:: Expanding @samp{!}-style history references.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Shell Ring
address@hidden Shell History Ring
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden comint-previous-input
address@hidden M-p @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden M-p
address@hidden address@hidden
-Fetch the next earlier old shell command.
-
address@hidden M-n @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-next-input
address@hidden M-n
address@hidden address@hidden
-Fetch the next later old shell command.
-
address@hidden M-r @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden M-s @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-previous-matching-input
address@hidden comint-next-matching-input
address@hidden M-r @var{regexp} @key{RET}
address@hidden M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
-Search backwards or forwards for old shell commands that match @var{regexp}.
-
address@hidden C-c C-x
address@hidden C-c C-x @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-get-next-from-history
-Fetch the next subsequent command from the history.
-
address@hidden C-c .
address@hidden C-c . @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-input-previous-argument
-Fetch one argument from an old shell command.
-
address@hidden C-c C-l
address@hidden C-c C-l @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-dynamic-list-input-ring
-Display the buffer's history of shell commands in another window
-(@code{comint-dynamic-list-input-ring}).
address@hidden table
-
- Shell buffers provide a history of previously entered shell commands. To
-reuse shell commands from the history, use the editing commands @kbd{M-p},
address@hidden, @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s}. These work just like the minibuffer
-history commands except that they operate on the text at the end of the
-shell buffer, where you would normally insert text to send to the shell.
-
- @kbd{M-p} fetches an earlier shell command to the end of the shell
-buffer. Successive use of @kbd{M-p} fetches successively earlier
-shell commands, each replacing any text that was already present as
-potential shell input. @kbd{M-n} does likewise except that it finds
-successively more recent shell commands from the buffer.
address@hidden@key{UP}} works like @kbd{M-p}, and @address@hidden like
address@hidden
-
- The history search commands @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s} read a regular
-expression and search through the history for a matching command. Aside
-from the choice of which command to fetch, they work just like @kbd{M-p}
-and @kbd{M-n}. If you enter an empty regexp, these commands reuse the
-same regexp used last time.
-
- When you find the previous input you want, you can resubmit it by
-typing @key{RET}, or you can edit it first and then resubmit it if you
-wish. Any partial input you were composing before navigating the
-history list is restored when you go to the beginning or end of the
-history ring.
-
- Often it is useful to reexecute several successive shell commands that
-were previously executed in sequence. To do this, first find and
-reexecute the first command of the sequence. Then type @kbd{C-c C-x};
-that will fetch the following command---the one that follows the command
-you just repeated. Then type @key{RET} to reexecute this command. You
-can reexecute several successive commands by typing @kbd{C-c C-x
address@hidden over and over.
-
- The command @kbd{C-c .}@: (@code{comint-input-previous-argument})
-copies an individual argument from a previous command, like @kbd{ESC
-.} in Bash. The simplest use copies the last argument from the
-previous shell command. With a prefix argument @var{n}, it copies the
address@hidden argument instead. Repeating @kbd{C-c .} copies from an
-earlier shell command instead, always using the same value of @var{n}
-(don't give a prefix argument when you repeat the @kbd{C-c .}
-command).
-
- These commands get the text of previous shell commands from a special
-history list, not from the shell buffer itself. Thus, editing the shell
-buffer, or even killing large parts of it, does not affect the history
-that these commands access.
-
address@hidden shell-input-ring-file-name
- Some shells store their command histories in files so that you can
-refer to commands from previous shell sessions. Emacs reads
-the command history file for your chosen shell, to initialize its own
-command history. The file name is @file{~/.bash_history} for bash,
address@hidden/.sh_history} for ksh, and @file{~/.history} for other shells.
-
address@hidden Shell History Copying
address@hidden Shell History Copying
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-c C-p @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-previous-prompt
address@hidden C-c C-p
-Move point to the previous prompt (@code{comint-previous-prompt}).
-
address@hidden C-c C-n @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-next-prompt
address@hidden C-c C-n
-Move point to the following prompt (@code{comint-next-prompt}).
-
address@hidden C-c RET @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-copy-old-input
address@hidden C-c @key{RET}
-Copy the input command which point is in, inserting the copy at the end
-of the buffer (@code{comint-copy-old-input}). This is useful if you
-move point back to a previous command. After you copy the command, you
-can submit the copy as input with @key{RET}. If you wish, you can
-edit the copy before resubmitting it. If you use this command on an
-output line, it copies that line to the end of the buffer.
-
address@hidden Mouse-2
-If @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is @code{nil} (the default), copy
-the old input command that you click on, inserting the copy at the end
-of the buffer (@code{comint-insert-input}). If
address@hidden is address@hidden, or if the click is
-not over old input, just yank as usual.
address@hidden table
-
- Moving to a previous input and then copying it with @kbd{C-c
address@hidden or @kbd{Mouse-2} produces the same results---the same
-buffer contents---that you would get by using @kbd{M-p} enough times
-to fetch that previous input from the history list. However, @kbd{C-c
address@hidden copies the text from the buffer, which can be different
-from what is in the history list if you edit the input text in the
-buffer after it has been sent.
-
address@hidden History References
address@hidden Shell History References
address@hidden history reference
-
- Various shells including csh and bash support @dfn{history
-references} that begin with @samp{!} and @samp{^}. Shell mode
-recognizes these constructs, and can perform the history substitution
-for you.
-
- If you insert a history reference and type @key{TAB}, this searches
-the input history for a matching command, performs substitution if
-necessary, and places the result in the buffer in place of the history
-reference. For example, you can fetch the most recent command
-beginning with @samp{mv} with @kbd{! m v @key{TAB}}. You can edit the
-command if you wish, and then resubmit the command to the shell by
-typing @key{RET}.
-
address@hidden comint-input-autoexpand
address@hidden comint-magic-space
- Shell mode can optionally expand history references in the buffer
-when you send them to the shell. To request this, set the variable
address@hidden to @code{input}. You can make
address@hidden perform history expansion by binding @key{SPC} to the
-command @code{comint-magic-space}.
-
- Shell mode recognizes history references when they follow a prompt.
address@hidden Prompts}, for how Shell mode recognizes prompts.
-
address@hidden Directory Tracking
address@hidden Directory Tracking
address@hidden directory tracking
-
address@hidden shell-pushd-regexp
address@hidden shell-popd-regexp
address@hidden shell-cd-regexp
- Shell mode keeps track of @samp{cd}, @samp{pushd} and @samp{popd}
-commands given to the inferior shell, so it can keep the
address@hidden buffer's default directory the same as the shell's
-working directory. It recognizes these commands syntactically, by
-examining lines of input that are sent.
-
- If you use aliases for these commands, you can tell Emacs to
-recognize them also. For example, if the value of the variable
address@hidden matches the beginning of a shell command
-line, that line is regarded as a @code{pushd} command. Change this
-variable when you add aliases for @samp{pushd}. Likewise,
address@hidden and @code{shell-cd-regexp} are used to
-recognize commands with the meaning of @samp{popd} and @samp{cd}.
-These commands are recognized only at the beginning of a shell command
-line.
-
address@hidden @c This seems to have been deleted long ago.
address@hidden shell-set-directory-error-hook
- If Emacs gets an error while trying to handle what it believes is a
address@hidden, @samp{pushd} or @samp{popd} command, it runs the hook
address@hidden (@pxref{Hooks}).
address@hidden ignore
-
address@hidden dirs
- If Emacs gets confused about changes in the current directory of the
-subshell, use the command @kbd{M-x dirs} to ask the shell what its
-current directory is. This command works for shells that support the
-most common command syntax; it may not work for unusual shells.
-
address@hidden dirtrack-mode
- You can also use @kbd{M-x dirtrack-mode} to enable (or disable) an
-alternative and more aggressive method of tracking changes in the
-current directory.
-
address@hidden Shell Options
address@hidden Shell Mode Options
-
address@hidden comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-input
- If the variable @code{comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-input} is
address@hidden, insertion and yank commands scroll the selected window
-to the bottom before inserting. The default is @code{nil}.
-
address@hidden comint-scroll-show-maximum-output
- If @code{comint-scroll-show-maximum-output} is address@hidden, then
-arrival of output when point is at the end tries to scroll the last
-line of text to the bottom line of the window, showing as much useful
-text as possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of most
-terminals.) The default is @code{t}.
-
address@hidden comint-move-point-for-output
- By setting @code{comint-move-point-for-output}, you can opt for
-having point jump to the end of the buffer whenever output arrives---no
-matter where in the buffer point was before. If the value is
address@hidden, point jumps in the selected window. If the value is
address@hidden, point jumps in each window that shows the Comint buffer. If
-the value is @code{other}, point jumps in all nonselected windows that
-show the current buffer. The default value is @code{nil}, which means
-point does not jump to the end.
-
address@hidden comint-prompt-read-only
- If you set @code{comint-prompt-read-only}, the prompts in the Comint
-buffer are read-only.
-
address@hidden comint-input-ignoredups
- The variable @code{comint-input-ignoredups} controls whether successive
-identical inputs are stored in the input history. A address@hidden
-value means to omit an input that is the same as the previous input.
-The default is @code{nil}, which means to store each input even if it is
-equal to the previous input.
-
address@hidden comint-completion-addsuffix
address@hidden comint-completion-recexact
address@hidden comint-completion-autolist
- Three variables customize file name completion. The variable
address@hidden controls whether completion inserts a
-space or a slash to indicate a fully completed file or directory name
-(address@hidden means do insert a space or slash).
address@hidden, if address@hidden, directs @key{TAB}
-to choose the shortest possible completion if the usual Emacs completion
-algorithm cannot add even a single character.
address@hidden, if address@hidden, says to list all
-the possible completions whenever completion is not exact.
-
address@hidden shell-completion-execonly
- Command completion normally considers only executable files.
-If you set @code{shell-completion-execonly} to @code{nil},
-it considers nonexecutable files as well.
-
address@hidden shell-pushd-tohome
address@hidden shell-pushd-dextract
address@hidden shell-pushd-dunique
- You can configure the behavior of @samp{pushd}. Variables control
-whether @samp{pushd} behaves like @samp{cd} if no argument is given
-(@code{shell-pushd-tohome}), pop rather than rotate with a numeric
-argument (@code{shell-pushd-dextract}), and only add directories to the
-directory stack if they are not already on it
-(@code{shell-pushd-dunique}). The values you choose should match the
-underlying shell, of course.
-
- If you want Shell mode to handle color output from shell commands,
-you can enable ANSI Color mode. Here is how to do this:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'shell-mode-hook 'ansi-color-for-comint-mode-on)
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Terminal emulator
address@hidden Emacs Terminal Emulator
address@hidden term
-
- To run a subshell in a terminal emulator, putting its typescript in
-an Emacs buffer, use @kbd{M-x term}. This creates (or reuses) a
-buffer named @samp{*terminal*}, and runs a subshell with input coming
-from your keyboard, and output going to that buffer.
-
- The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
-line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode; see @ref{Shell Mode}.
-
- In char mode, each character is sent directly to the inferior
-subshell, as ``terminal input.'' Any ``echoing'' of your input is the
-responsibility of the subshell. The sole exception is the terminal
-escape character, which by default is @kbd{C-c} (@pxref{Term Mode}).
-Any ``terminal output'' from the subshell goes into the buffer,
-advancing point.
-
- Some programs (such as Emacs itself) need to control the appearance
-on the terminal screen in detail. They do this by sending special
-control codes. The exact control codes needed vary from terminal to
-terminal, but nowadays most terminals and terminal emulators
-(including @code{xterm}) understand the ANSI-standard (VT100-style)
-escape sequences. Term mode recognizes these escape sequences, and
-handles each one appropriately, changing the buffer so that the
-appearance of the window matches what it would be on a real terminal.
-You can actually run Emacs inside an Emacs Term window.
-
- The file name used to load the subshell is determined the same way
-as for Shell mode. To make multiple terminal emulators, rename the
-buffer @samp{*terminal*} to something different using @kbd{M-x
-rename-uniquely}, just as with Shell mode.
-
- Unlike Shell mode, Term mode does not track the current directory by
-examining your input. But some shells can tell Term what the current
-directory is. This is done automatically by @code{bash} version 1.15
-and later.
-
address@hidden Term Mode
address@hidden Term Mode
address@hidden Term mode
address@hidden mode, Term
-
- The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
-line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode; see @ref{Shell Mode}.
-In char mode, each character is sent directly to the inferior
-subshell, except for the Term escape character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
-
- To switch between line and char mode, use these commands:
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
address@hidden term-char-mode
address@hidden C-c C-j
-Switch to line mode. Do nothing if already in line mode.
-
address@hidden C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
address@hidden term-line-mode
address@hidden C-c C-k
-Switch to char mode. Do nothing if already in char mode.
address@hidden table
-
- The following commands are only available in char mode:
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-c C-c
-Send a literal @key{C-c} to the sub-shell.
-
address@hidden C-c @var{char}
-This is equivalent to @kbd{C-x @var{char}} in normal Emacs. For
-example, @kbd{C-c o} invokes the global binding of @kbd{C-x o}, which
-is normally @samp{other-window}.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Paging in Term
address@hidden Page-At-A-Time Output
address@hidden page-at-a-time
-
- Term mode has a page-at-a-time feature. When enabled it makes
-output pause at the end of each screenful.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-c C-q @r{(Term mode)}
address@hidden term-pager-toggle
address@hidden C-c C-q
-Toggle the page-at-a-time feature. This command works in both line
-and char modes. When page-at-a-time is enabled, the mode-line
-displays the word @samp{page}.
address@hidden table
-
- With page-at-a-time enabled, whenever Term receives more than a
-screenful of output since your last input, it pauses, displaying
address@hidden in the mode-line. Type @key{SPC} to display the next
-screenful of output. Type @kbd{?} to see your other options. The
-interface is similar to the @code{more} program.
-
address@hidden Remote Host
address@hidden Remote Host Shell
address@hidden remote host
address@hidden connecting to remote host
address@hidden Telnet
address@hidden Rlogin
-
- You can login to a remote computer, using whatever commands you
-would from a regular terminal (e.g.@: using the @code{telnet} or
address@hidden commands), from a Term window.
-
- A program that asks you for a password will normally suppress
-echoing of the password, so the password will not show up in the
-buffer. This will happen just as if you were using a real terminal,
-if the buffer is in char mode. If it is in line mode, the password is
-temporarily visible, but will be erased when you hit return. (This
-happens automatically; there is no special password processing.)
-
- When you log in to a different machine, you need to specify the type
-of terminal you're using, by setting the @env{TERM} environment
-variable in the environment for the remote login command. (If you use
-bash, you do that by writing the variable assignment before the remote
-login command, without separating comma.) Terminal types @samp{ansi}
-or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems.
-
address@hidden If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible
address@hidden shell, and your system understands the @env{TERMCAP} variable,
address@hidden you can use the command @kbd{M-x shell-send-termcap}, which
address@hidden sends a string specifying the terminal type and size.
address@hidden (This command is also useful after the window has changed size.)
-
address@hidden You can of course run @samp{gdb} on that remote computer. One
useful
address@hidden trick: If you invoke gdb with the @code{--fullname} option,
address@hidden it will send special commands to Emacs that will cause Emacs to
address@hidden pop up the source files you're debugging. This will work
address@hidden whether or not gdb is running on a different computer than Emacs,
address@hidden as long as Emacs can access the source files specified by gdb.
-
address@hidden
- You cannot log in to a remote computer using the Shell mode.
address@hidden (This will change when Shell is re-written to use Term.)
-Instead, Emacs provides two commands for logging in to another computer
-and communicating with it through an Emacs buffer using Comint mode:
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x telnet @key{RET} @var{hostname} @key{RET}
-Set up a Telnet connection to the computer named @var{hostname}.
address@hidden M-x rlogin @key{RET} @var{hostname} @key{RET}
-Set up an Rlogin connection to the computer named @var{hostname}.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden telnet
- Use @kbd{M-x telnet} to set up a Telnet connection to another
-computer. (Telnet is the standard Internet protocol for remote login.)
-It reads the host name of the other computer as an argument with the
-minibuffer. Once the connection is established, talking to the other
-computer works like talking to a subshell: you can edit input with the
-usual Emacs commands, and send it a line at a time by typing @key{RET}.
-The output is inserted in the Telnet buffer interspersed with the input.
-
address@hidden rlogin
address@hidden rlogin-explicit-args
- Use @kbd{M-x rlogin} to set up an Rlogin connection. Rlogin is
-another remote login communication protocol, essentially much like the
-Telnet protocol but incompatible with it, and supported only by certain
-systems. Rlogin's advantages are that you can arrange not to have to
-give your user name and password when communicating between two machines
-you frequently use, and that you can make an 8-bit-clean connection.
-(To do that in Emacs, set @code{rlogin-explicit-args} to @code{("-8")}
-before you run Rlogin.)
-
- @kbd{M-x rlogin} sets up the default file directory of the Emacs
-buffer to access the remote host via FTP (@pxref{File Names}), and it
-tracks the shell commands that change the current directory, just like
-Shell mode.
-
address@hidden rlogin-directory-tracking-mode
- There are two ways of doing directory tracking in an Rlogin
-buffer---either with remote directory names
address@hidden/@var{host}:@var{dir}/} or with local names (that works if the
-``remote'' machine shares file systems with your machine of origin).
-You can use the command @code{rlogin-directory-tracking-mode} to switch
-modes. No argument means use remote directory names, a positive
-argument means use local names, and a negative argument means turn
-off directory tracking.
-
address@hidden ignore
-
address@hidden Emacs Server, Printing, Shell, Top
address@hidden Using Emacs as a Server
address@hidden emacsclient
address@hidden Emacs as a server
address@hidden server, using Emacs as
address@hidden @env{EDITOR} environment variable
-
- Various programs such as @code{mail} can invoke your choice of editor
-to edit a particular piece of text, such as a message that you are
-sending. By convention, most of these programs use the environment
-variable @env{EDITOR} to specify which editor to run. If you set
address@hidden to @samp{emacs}, they invoke Emacs---but in an
-inconvenient fashion, by starting a new, separate Emacs process. This
-is inconvenient because it takes time and because the new Emacs process
-doesn't share the buffers with any existing Emacs process.
-
- You can arrange to use your existing Emacs process as the editor for
-programs like @code{mail} by using the Emacs client program and the
-server that is part of Emacs. Here is how.
-
address@hidden @env{TEXEDIT} environment variable
address@hidden server-start
- First, the preparations. Within Emacs, call the function
address@hidden (Your @file{.emacs} init file can do this
-automatically if you add the expression @code{(server-start)} to it,
-see @ref{Init File}.) Then, outside Emacs, set the @env{EDITOR}
-environment variable to @samp{emacsclient}. (Note that some programs
-use a different environment variable; for example, to make @TeX{} use
address@hidden, you should set the @env{TEXEDIT} environment
-variable to @samp{emacsclient +%d %s}.)
-
address@hidden emacs.bash
address@hidden Bash command to use Emacs server
- As an alternative to using @code{emacsclient}, the file
address@hidden/emacs.bash} defines a Bash command @code{edit} which will
-communicate with a running Emacs session, or start one if none exist.
-
address@hidden C-x #
address@hidden server-edit
- Now, whenever any program invokes your specified @env{EDITOR}
-program, the effect is to send a message to your principal Emacs telling
-it to visit a file. (That's what the program @code{emacsclient} does.)
-Emacs displays the buffer immediately and you can immediately begin
-editing it in the already running Emacs session.
-
- When you've finished editing that buffer, type @kbd{C-x #}
-(@code{server-edit}). This saves the file and sends a message back to
-the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to exit. The programs that
-use @env{EDITOR} wait for the ``editor'' (actually, @code{emacsclient})
-to exit. @kbd{C-x #} also checks for other pending external requests
-to edit various files, and selects the next such file.
-
- You can switch to a server buffer manually if you wish; you don't
-have to arrive at it with @kbd{C-x #}. But @kbd{C-x #} is the way to
-say that you are finished with one.
-
address@hidden server-kill-new-buffers
address@hidden server-temp-file-regexp
- Finishing with a server buffer also kills the buffer, unless it
-already existed in the Emacs session before the server asked to create
-it. However, if you set @code{server-kill-new-buffers} to @code{nil},
-then a different criterion is used: finishing with a server buffer
-kills it if the file name matches the regular expression
address@hidden This is set up to distinguish certain
-``temporary'' files.
-
address@hidden server-window
- If you set the variable @code{server-window} to a window or a frame,
address@hidden #} displays the server buffer in that window or in that frame.
-
address@hidden server-name
- You can run multiple Emacs servers on the same machine by giving
-each one a unique ``server name'', using the variable
address@hidden For example, @kbd{M-x set-variable @key{RET}
-server-name @key{RET} foo @key{RET}} sets the server name to
address@hidden The @code{emacsclient} program can specify a server by
-name using the @samp{-s} option. @xref{Invoking emacsclient}.
-
- While @code{mail} or another application is waiting for
address@hidden to finish, @code{emacsclient} does not read terminal
-input. So the terminal that @code{mail} was using is effectively
-blocked for the duration. In order to edit with your principal Emacs,
-you need to be able to use it without using that terminal. There are
-three ways to do this:
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Using a window system, run @code{mail} and the principal Emacs in two
-separate windows. While @code{mail} is waiting for @code{emacsclient},
-the window where it was running is blocked, but you can use Emacs by
-switching windows.
-
address@hidden
-Using virtual terminals, run @code{mail} in one virtual terminal
-and run Emacs in another.
-
address@hidden
-Use Shell mode or Term mode in Emacs to run the other program such as
address@hidden; then, @code{emacsclient} blocks only the subshell under
-Emacs, and you can still use Emacs to edit the file.
address@hidden itemize
-
- If you run @code{emacsclient} with the option @samp{--no-wait}, it
-returns immediately without waiting for you to ``finish'' the buffer
-in Emacs. Note that server buffers created in this way are not killed
-automatically when you finish with them.
-
address@hidden
-* Invoking emacsclient:: Emacs client startup options.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Invoking emacsclient,, Emacs Server, Emacs Server
address@hidden Invoking @code{emacsclient}
address@hidden @code{emacsclient} invocation and options
-
- To run the @code{emacsclient} program, specify file names as arguments,
-and optionally line numbers as well, like this:
-
address@hidden
-emacsclient @address@hidden@address@hidden@address@hidden@address@hidden
@address@hidden@address@hidden
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-This tells Emacs to visit each of the specified files; if you specify a
-line number for a certain file, Emacs moves to that line in the file.
-If you specify a column number as well, Emacs puts point on that column
-in the line.
-
- Ordinarily, @code{emacsclient} does not return until you use the
address@hidden #} command on each of these buffers. When that happens,
-Emacs sends a message to the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to
-return.
-
- If you invoke @code{emacsclient} for more than one file, the
-additional client buffers are buried at the bottom of the buffer list
-(@pxref{Buffers}). If you call @kbd{C-x #} after you are done editing
-a client buffer, the next client buffer is automatically selected.
-
- But if you use the option @samp{-n} or @samp{--no-wait} when running
address@hidden, then it returns immediately. (You can take as
-long as you like to edit the files in Emacs.)
-
- The option @samp{-a @var{command}} or
address@hidden@var{command}} specifies a command to run if
address@hidden fails to contact Emacs. This is useful when
-running @code{emacsclient} in a script. For example, the following
-setting for the @env{EDITOR} environment variable will always give you
-an editor, even if no Emacs server is running:
-
address@hidden
-EDITOR="emacsclient --alternate-editor emacs +%d %s"
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
address@hidden @env{ALTERNATE_EDITOR} environment variable
-The environment variable @env{ALTERNATE_EDITOR} has the same effect, with
-the value of the @samp{--alternate-editor} option taking precedence.
-
-If you use several displays, you can tell Emacs on which display to
-open the given files with the @samp{-d @var{display}} or
address@hidden@var{display}} option to @code{emacsclient}. This is
-handy when connecting from home to an Emacs session running on your
-machine at your workplace.
-
-If there is more than one Emacs server running, you can specify a
-server name with the @samp{-s @var{name}} or
address@hidden@var{name}} option to @code{emacsclient}. (This
-option is not supported on MS-Windows.)
-
-You can also use @code{emacsclient} to execute any piece of Emacs Lisp
-code, using the @samp{-e} or @samp{--eval} option. When this option
-is given, the rest of the arguments is interpreted as a list of
-expressions to evaluate, not a list of files to visit.
-
address@hidden @env{EMACS_SERVER_FILE} environment variable
-When you start the Emacs server (by calling @code{server-start}),
-Emacs creates a file with information about TCP connection to the
-server: the host where Emacs is running, the port where it is
-listening, and an authentication string. @code{emacsclient} uses this
-information if it needs to connect to the server via TCP. By default,
-the file goes in the @file{~/.emacs.d/server/} address@hidden
-MS-Windows, if @env{HOME} is not set or the TCP configuration file
-cannot be found there, Emacs also looks for the file in the
address@hidden/server/} subdirectory of the directory pointed to by
-the @env{APPDATA} environment variable.}. You can specify the file
-name to use with the @samp{-f @var{file}} or
address@hidden@var{file}} options, or by setting
address@hidden environment variable to the file name.
-
address@hidden Printing, Sorting, Emacs Server, Top
address@hidden Printing Hard Copies
address@hidden hardcopy
address@hidden printing
-
- Emacs provides commands for printing hard copies of either an entire
-buffer or just part of one, with or without page headers. You can
-invoke the printing commands directly, as detailed in the following
-section, or using the @samp{File} menu on the menu bar. See also the
-hardcopy commands of Dired (@pxref{Misc File Ops}) and the diary
-(@pxref{Displaying the Diary}).
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x print-buffer
-Print hardcopy of current buffer with page headings containing the file
-name and page number.
address@hidden M-x lpr-buffer
-Print hardcopy of current buffer without page headings.
address@hidden M-x print-region
-Like @code{print-buffer} but print only the current region.
address@hidden M-x lpr-region
-Like @code{lpr-buffer} but print only the current region.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden print-buffer
address@hidden print-region
address@hidden lpr-buffer
address@hidden lpr-region
address@hidden lpr-switches
- The hardcopy commands (aside from the PostScript commands) pass extra
-switches to the @code{lpr} program based on the value of the variable
address@hidden Its value should be a list of strings, each string
-an option starting with @samp{-}. For example, to specify a line width
-of 80 columns for all the printing you do in Emacs, set
address@hidden like this:
-
address@hidden
-(setq lpr-switches '("-w80"))
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden printer-name
- You can specify the printer to use by setting the variable
address@hidden
-
address@hidden lpr-headers-switches
address@hidden lpr-commands
address@hidden lpr-add-switches
- The variable @code{lpr-command} specifies the name of the printer
-program to run; the default value depends on your operating system type.
-On most systems, the default is @code{"lpr"}. The variable
address@hidden similarly specifies the extra switches to
-use to make page headers. The variable @code{lpr-add-switches} controls
-whether to supply @samp{-T} and @samp{-J} options (suitable for
address@hidden) to the printer program: @code{nil} means don't add them.
address@hidden should be @code{nil} if your printer program is
-not compatible with @code{lpr}.
-
address@hidden
-* PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
-* PostScript Variables:: Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
-* Printing Package:: An optional advanced printing interface.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden PostScript, PostScript Variables,, Printing
address@hidden PostScript Hardcopy
-
- These commands convert buffer contents to PostScript,
-either printing it or leaving it in another Emacs buffer.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x ps-print-buffer
-Print hardcopy of the current buffer in PostScript form.
address@hidden M-x ps-print-region
-Print hardcopy of the current region in PostScript form.
address@hidden M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces
-Print hardcopy of the current buffer in PostScript form, showing the
-faces used in the text by means of PostScript features.
address@hidden M-x ps-print-region-with-faces
-Print hardcopy of the current region in PostScript form, showing the
-faces used in the text.
address@hidden M-x ps-spool-buffer
-Generate PostScript for the current buffer text.
address@hidden M-x ps-spool-region
-Generate PostScript for the current region.
address@hidden M-x ps-spool-buffer-with-faces
-Generate PostScript for the current buffer, showing the faces used.
address@hidden M-x ps-spool-region-with-faces
-Generate PostScript for the current region, showing the faces used.
address@hidden M-x handwrite
-Generates/prints PostScript for the current buffer as if handwritten.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden ps-print-region
address@hidden ps-print-buffer
address@hidden ps-print-region-with-faces
address@hidden ps-print-buffer-with-faces
- The PostScript commands, @code{ps-print-buffer} and
address@hidden, print buffer contents in PostScript form. One
-command prints the entire buffer; the other, just the region. The
-corresponding @samp{-with-faces} commands,
address@hidden and @code{ps-print-region-with-faces},
-use PostScript features to show the faces (fonts and colors) in the text
-properties of the text being printed.
-
- If you are using a color display, you can print a buffer of program
-code with color highlighting by turning on Font-Lock mode in that
-buffer, and using @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}.
-
address@hidden ps-spool-region
address@hidden ps-spool-buffer
address@hidden ps-spool-region-with-faces
address@hidden ps-spool-buffer-with-faces
- The commands whose names have @samp{spool} instead of @samp{print}
-generate the PostScript output in an Emacs buffer instead of sending
-it to the printer.
-
address@hidden handwrite
address@hidden handwriting
address@hidden handwrite} is more frivolous. It generates a PostScript
-rendition of the current buffer as a cursive handwritten document. It
-can be customized in group @code{handwrite}. This function only
-supports ISO 8859-1 characters.
-
address@hidden
- The following section describes variables for customizing these commands.
address@hidden ifnottex
-
address@hidden PostScript Variables, Printing Package, PostScript, Printing
address@hidden Variables for PostScript Hardcopy
-
address@hidden ps-lpr-command
address@hidden ps-lpr-switches
address@hidden ps-printer-name
- All the PostScript hardcopy commands use the variables
address@hidden and @code{ps-lpr-switches} to specify how to print
-the output. @code{ps-lpr-command} specifies the command name to run,
address@hidden specifies command line options to use, and
address@hidden specifies the printer. If you don't set the
-first two variables yourself, they take their initial values from
address@hidden and @code{lpr-switches}. If @code{ps-printer-name}
-is @code{nil}, @code{printer-name} is used.
-
address@hidden ps-print-header
- The variable @code{ps-print-header} controls whether these commands
-add header lines to each page---set it to @code{nil} to turn headers
-off.
-
address@hidden color emulation on black-and-white printers
address@hidden ps-print-color-p
- If your printer doesn't support colors, you should turn off color
-processing by setting @code{ps-print-color-p} to @code{nil}. By
-default, if the display supports colors, Emacs produces hardcopy output
-with color information; on black-and-white printers, colors are emulated
-with shades of gray. This might produce illegible output, even if your
-screen colors only use shades of gray.
-
address@hidden ps-use-face-background
- By default, PostScript printing ignores the background colors of the
-faces, unless the variable @code{ps-use-face-background} is
address@hidden This is to avoid unwanted interference with the zebra
-stripes and background image/text.
-
address@hidden ps-paper-type
address@hidden ps-page-dimensions-database
- The variable @code{ps-paper-type} specifies which size of paper to
-format for; legitimate values include @code{a4}, @code{a3},
address@hidden, @code{b4}, @code{b5}, @code{executive}, @code{ledger},
address@hidden, @code{letter}, @code{letter-small}, @code{statement},
address@hidden The default is @code{letter}. You can define
-additional paper sizes by changing the variable
address@hidden
-
address@hidden ps-landscape-mode
- The variable @code{ps-landscape-mode} specifies the orientation of
-printing on the page. The default is @code{nil}, which stands for
-``portrait'' mode. Any address@hidden value specifies ``landscape''
-mode.
-
address@hidden ps-number-of-columns
- The variable @code{ps-number-of-columns} specifies the number of
-columns; it takes effect in both landscape and portrait mode. The
-default is 1.
-
address@hidden ps-font-family
address@hidden ps-font-size
address@hidden ps-font-info-database
- The variable @code{ps-font-family} specifies which font family to use
-for printing ordinary text. Legitimate values include @code{Courier},
address@hidden, @code{NewCenturySchlbk}, @code{Palatino} and
address@hidden The variable @code{ps-font-size} specifies the size of
-the font for ordinary text. It defaults to 8.5 points.
-
address@hidden ps-multibyte-buffer
address@hidden Intlfonts for PostScript printing
address@hidden fonts for PostScript printing
- Emacs supports more scripts and characters than a typical PostScript
-printer. Thus, some of the characters in your buffer might not be
-printable using the fonts built into your printer. You can augment
-the fonts supplied with the printer with those from the GNU Intlfonts
-package, or you can instruct Emacs to use Intlfonts exclusively. The
-variable @code{ps-multibyte-buffer} controls this: the default value,
address@hidden, is appropriate for printing @acronym{ASCII} and Latin-1
-characters; a value of @code{non-latin-printer} is for printers which
-have the fonts for @acronym{ASCII}, Latin-1, Japanese, and Korean
-characters built into them. A value of @code{bdf-font} arranges for
-the BDF fonts from the Intlfonts package to be used for @emph{all}
-characters. Finally, a value of @code{bdf-font-except-latin}
-instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for @acronym{ASCII} and Latin-1
-characters, and Intlfonts BDF fonts for the rest.
-
address@hidden bdf-directory-list
- To be able to use the BDF fonts, Emacs needs to know where to find
-them. The variable @code{bdf-directory-list} holds the list of
-directories where Emacs should look for the fonts; the default value
-includes a single directory @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/fonts/bdf}.
-
- Many other customization variables for these commands are defined and
-described in the Lisp files @file{ps-print.el} and @file{ps-mule.el}.
-
address@hidden Printing Package,, PostScript Variables, Printing
address@hidden Printing Package
address@hidden Printing package
-
- The basic Emacs facilities for printing hardcopy can be extended
-using the Printing package. This provides an easy-to-use interface
-for choosing what to print, previewing PostScript files before
-printing, and setting various printing options such as print headers,
-landscape or portrait modes, duplex modes, and so forth. On GNU/Linux
-or Unix systems, the Printing package relies on the @file{gs} and
address@hidden utilities, which are distributed as part of the GhostScript
-program. On MS-Windows, the @file{gstools} port of Ghostscript can be
-used.
-
address@hidden pr-interface
- To use the Printing package, add @code{(require 'printing)} to your
-init file (@pxref{Init File}), followed by @code{(pr-update-menus)}.
-This function replaces the usual printing commands in the menu bar
-with a @samp{Printing} submenu that contains various printing options.
-You can also type @kbd{M-x pr-interface RET}; this creates a
address@hidden Interface*} buffer, similar to a customization buffer,
-where you can set the printing options. After selecting what and how
-to print, you start the print job using the @samp{Print} button (click
address@hidden on it, or move point over it and type @kbd{RET}). For
-further information on the various options, use the @samp{Interface
-Help} button.
-
address@hidden Sorting, Narrowing, Printing, Top
address@hidden Sorting Text
address@hidden sorting
-
- Emacs provides several commands for sorting text in the buffer. All
-operate on the contents of the region.
-They divide the text of the region into many @dfn{sort records},
-identify a @dfn{sort key} for each record, and then reorder the records
-into the order determined by the sort keys. The records are ordered so
-that their keys are in alphabetical order, or, for numeric sorting, in
-numeric order. In alphabetic sorting, all upper-case letters `A' through
-`Z' come before lower-case `a', in accord with the @acronym{ASCII} character
-sequence.
-
- The various sort commands differ in how they divide the text into sort
-records and in which part of each record is used as the sort key. Most of
-the commands make each line a separate sort record, but some commands use
-paragraphs or pages as sort records. Most of the sort commands use each
-entire sort record as its own sort key, but some use only a portion of the
-record as the sort key.
-
address@hidden sort-lines
address@hidden sort-paragraphs
address@hidden sort-pages
address@hidden sort-fields
address@hidden sort-numeric-fields
address@hidden sort-numeric-base
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x sort-lines
-Divide the region into lines, and sort by comparing the entire
-text of a line. A numeric argument means sort into descending order.
-
address@hidden M-x sort-paragraphs
-Divide the region into paragraphs, and sort by comparing the entire
-text of a paragraph (except for leading blank lines). A numeric
-argument means sort into descending order.
-
address@hidden M-x sort-pages
-Divide the region into pages, and sort by comparing the entire
-text of a page (except for leading blank lines). A numeric
-argument means sort into descending order.
-
address@hidden M-x sort-fields
-Divide the region into lines, and sort by comparing the contents of
-one field in each line. Fields are defined as separated by
-whitespace, so the first run of consecutive non-whitespace characters
-in a line constitutes field 1, the second such run constitutes field
-2, etc.
-
-Specify which field to sort by with a numeric argument: 1 to sort by
-field 1, etc. A negative argument means count fields from the right
-instead of from the left; thus, minus 1 means sort by the last field.
-If several lines have identical contents in the field being sorted, they
-keep the same relative order that they had in the original buffer.
-
address@hidden M-x sort-numeric-fields
-Like @kbd{M-x sort-fields} except the specified field is converted
-to an integer for each line, and the numbers are compared. @samp{10}
-comes before @samp{2} when considered as text, but after it when
-considered as a number. By default, numbers are interpreted according
-to @code{sort-numeric-base}, but numbers beginning with @samp{0x} or
address@hidden are interpreted as hexadecimal and octal, respectively.
-
address@hidden M-x sort-columns
-Like @kbd{M-x sort-fields} except that the text within each line
-used for comparison comes from a fixed range of columns. See below
-for an explanation.
-
address@hidden M-x reverse-region
-Reverse the order of the lines in the region. This is useful for
-sorting into descending order by fields or columns, since those sort
-commands do not have a feature for doing that.
address@hidden table
-
- For example, if the buffer contains this:
-
address@hidden
-On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is
-implemented, Emacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer
-whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or
-saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change
-the buffer.
address@hidden smallexample
-
address@hidden
-applying @kbd{M-x sort-lines} to the entire buffer produces this:
-
address@hidden
-On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is
-implemented, Emacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer
-saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change
-the buffer.
-whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or
address@hidden smallexample
-
address@hidden
-where the upper-case @samp{O} sorts before all lower-case letters. If
-you use @kbd{C-u 2 M-x sort-fields} instead, you get this:
-
address@hidden
-implemented, Emacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer
-saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change
-the buffer.
-On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is
-whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or
address@hidden smallexample
-
address@hidden
-where the sort keys were @samp{Emacs}, @samp{If}, @samp{buffer},
address@hidden and @samp{the}.
-
address@hidden sort-columns
- @kbd{M-x sort-columns} requires more explanation. You specify the
-columns by putting point at one of the columns and the mark at the other
-column. Because this means you cannot put point or the mark at the
-beginning of the first line of the text you want to sort, this command
-uses an unusual definition of ``region'': all of the line point is in is
-considered part of the region, and so is all of the line the mark is in,
-as well as all the lines in between.
-
- For example, to sort a table by information found in columns 10 to 15,
-you could put the mark on column 10 in the first line of the table, and
-point on column 15 in the last line of the table, and then run
address@hidden Equivalently, you could run it with the mark on
-column 15 in the first line and point on column 10 in the last line.
-
- This can be thought of as sorting the rectangle specified by point and
-the mark, except that the text on each line to the left or right of the
-rectangle moves along with the text inside the rectangle.
address@hidden
-
address@hidden sort-fold-case
- Many of the sort commands ignore case differences when comparing, if
address@hidden is address@hidden
-
address@hidden Narrowing, Two-Column, Sorting, Top
address@hidden Narrowing
address@hidden widening
address@hidden restriction
address@hidden narrowing
address@hidden accessible portion
-
- @dfn{Narrowing} means focusing in on some portion of the buffer,
-making the rest temporarily inaccessible. The portion which you can
-still get to is called the @dfn{accessible portion}. Canceling the
-narrowing, which makes the entire buffer once again accessible, is
-called @dfn{widening}. The bounds of narrowing in effect in a buffer
-are called the buffer's @dfn{restriction}.
-
- Narrowing can make it easier to concentrate on a single subroutine or
-paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to limit the
-range of operation of a replace command or repeating keyboard macro.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-x n n
-Narrow down to between point and mark (@code{narrow-to-region}).
address@hidden C-x n w
-Widen to make the entire buffer accessible again (@code{widen}).
address@hidden C-x n p
-Narrow down to the current page (@code{narrow-to-page}).
address@hidden C-x n d
-Narrow down to the current defun (@code{narrow-to-defun}).
address@hidden table
-
- When you have narrowed down to a part of the buffer, that part appears
-to be all there is. You can't see the rest, you can't move into it
-(motion commands won't go outside the accessible part), you can't change
-it in any way. However, it is not gone, and if you save the file all
-the inaccessible text will be saved. The word @samp{Narrow} appears in
-the mode line whenever narrowing is in effect.
-
address@hidden C-x n n
address@hidden narrow-to-region
- The primary narrowing command is @kbd{C-x n n} (@code{narrow-to-region}).
-It sets the current buffer's restrictions so that the text in the current
-region remains accessible, but all text before the region or after the
-region is inaccessible. Point and mark do not change.
-
address@hidden C-x n p
address@hidden narrow-to-page
address@hidden C-x n d
address@hidden narrow-to-defun
- Alternatively, use @kbd{C-x n p} (@code{narrow-to-page}) to narrow
-down to the current page. @xref{Pages}, for the definition of a page.
address@hidden n d} (@code{narrow-to-defun}) narrows down to the defun
-containing point (@pxref{Defuns}).
-
address@hidden C-x n w
address@hidden widen
- The way to cancel narrowing is to widen with @kbd{C-x n w}
-(@code{widen}). This makes all text in the buffer accessible again.
-
- You can get information on what part of the buffer you are narrowed down
-to using the @kbd{C-x =} command. @xref{Position Info}.
-
- Because narrowing can easily confuse users who do not understand it,
address@hidden is normally a disabled command. Attempting to use
-this command asks for confirmation and gives you the option of enabling it;
-if you enable the command, confirmation will no longer be required for
-it. @xref{Disabling}.
-
address@hidden Two-Column, Editing Binary Files, Narrowing, Top
address@hidden Two-Column Editing
address@hidden two-column editing
address@hidden splitting columns
address@hidden columns, splitting
-
- Two-column mode lets you conveniently edit two side-by-side columns of
-text. It uses two side-by-side windows, each showing its own
-buffer.
-
- There are three ways to enter two-column mode:
-
address@hidden @asis
address@hidden @address@hidden 2} or @kbd{C-x 6 2}
address@hidden F2 2
address@hidden C-x 6 2
address@hidden 2C-two-columns
-Enter two-column mode with the current buffer on the left, and on the
-right, a buffer whose name is based on the current buffer's name
-(@code{2C-two-columns}). If the right-hand buffer doesn't already
-exist, it starts out empty; the current buffer's contents are not
-changed.
-
-This command is appropriate when the current buffer is empty or contains
-just one column and you want to add another column.
-
address@hidden @address@hidden s} or @kbd{C-x 6 s}
address@hidden F2 s
address@hidden C-x 6 s
address@hidden 2C-split
-Split the current buffer, which contains two-column text, into two
-buffers, and display them side by side (@code{2C-split}). The current
-buffer becomes the left-hand buffer, but the text in the right-hand
-column is moved into the right-hand buffer. The current column
-specifies the split point. Splitting starts with the current line and
-continues to the end of the buffer.
-
-This command is appropriate when you have a buffer that already contains
-two-column text, and you wish to separate the columns temporarily.
-
address@hidden @address@hidden b @var{buffer} @key{RET}}
address@hidden @kbd{C-x 6 b @var{buffer} @key{RET}}
address@hidden F2 b
address@hidden C-x 6 b
address@hidden 2C-associate-buffer
-Enter two-column mode using the current buffer as the left-hand buffer,
-and using buffer @var{buffer} as the right-hand buffer
-(@code{2C-associate-buffer}).
address@hidden table
-
- @address@hidden s} or @kbd{C-x 6 s} looks for a column separator, which
-is a string that appears on each line between the two columns. You can
-specify the width of the separator with a numeric argument to
address@hidden@key{F2} s}; that many characters, before point, constitute the
-separator string. By default, the width is 1, so the column separator
-is the character before point.
-
- When a line has the separator at the proper place, @address@hidden s}
-puts the text after the separator into the right-hand buffer, and
-deletes the separator. Lines that don't have the column separator at
-the proper place remain unsplit; they stay in the left-hand buffer, and
-the right-hand buffer gets an empty line to correspond. (This is the
-way to write a line that ``spans both columns while in two-column
-mode'': write it in the left-hand buffer, and put an empty line in the
-right-hand buffer.)
-
address@hidden F2 RET
address@hidden C-x 6 RET
address@hidden 2C-newline
- The command @kbd{C-x 6 @key{RET}} or @address@hidden @key{RET}}
-(@code{2C-newline}) inserts a newline in each of the two buffers at
-corresponding positions. This is the easiest way to add a new line to
-the two-column text while editing it in split buffers.
-
address@hidden F2 1
address@hidden C-x 6 1
address@hidden 2C-merge
- When you have edited both buffers as you wish, merge them with
address@hidden@key{F2} 1} or @kbd{C-x 6 1} (@code{2C-merge}). This copies the
-text from the right-hand buffer as a second column in the other buffer.
-To go back to two-column editing, use @address@hidden s}.
-
address@hidden F2 d
address@hidden C-x 6 d
address@hidden 2C-dissociate
- Use @address@hidden d} or @kbd{C-x 6 d} to dissociate the two buffers,
-leaving each as it stands (@code{2C-dissociate}). If the other buffer,
-the one not current when you type @address@hidden d}, is empty,
address@hidden@key{F2} d} kills it.
-
address@hidden Editing Binary Files, Saving Emacs Sessions, Two-Column, Top
address@hidden Editing Binary Files
-
address@hidden Hexl mode
address@hidden mode, Hexl
address@hidden editing binary files
address@hidden hex editing
- There is a special major mode for editing binary files: Hexl mode. To
-use it, use @kbd{M-x hexl-find-file} instead of @kbd{C-x C-f} to visit
-the file. This command converts the file's contents to hexadecimal and
-lets you edit the translation. When you save the file, it is converted
-automatically back to binary.
-
- You can also use @kbd{M-x hexl-mode} to translate an existing buffer
-into hex. This is useful if you visit a file normally and then discover
-it is a binary file.
-
- Ordinary text characters overwrite in Hexl mode. This is to reduce
-the risk of accidentally spoiling the alignment of data in the file.
-There are special commands for insertion. Here is a list of the
-commands of Hexl mode:
-
address@hidden I don't think individual index entries for these commands are
useful--RMS.
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-M-d
-Insert a byte with a code typed in decimal.
-
address@hidden C-M-o
-Insert a byte with a code typed in octal.
-
address@hidden C-M-x
-Insert a byte with a code typed in hex.
-
address@hidden C-x [
-Move to the beginning of a 1k-byte ``page.''
-
address@hidden C-x ]
-Move to the end of a 1k-byte ``page.''
-
address@hidden M-g
-Move to an address specified in hex.
-
address@hidden M-j
-Move to an address specified in decimal.
-
address@hidden C-c C-c
-Leave Hexl mode, going back to the major mode this buffer had before you
-invoked @code{hexl-mode}.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden
-Other Hexl commands let you insert strings (sequences) of binary
-bytes, move by @code{short}s or @code{int}s, etc.; type @kbd{C-h a
address@hidden for details.
-
-
address@hidden Saving Emacs Sessions, Recursive Edit, Editing Binary Files, Top
address@hidden Saving Emacs Sessions
address@hidden saving sessions
address@hidden restore session
address@hidden remember editing session
address@hidden reload files
address@hidden desktop
-
- Use the desktop library to save the state of Emacs from one session
-to another. Once you save the Emacs @dfn{desktop}---the buffers,
-their file names, major modes, buffer positions, and so on---then
-subsequent Emacs sessions reload the saved desktop.
-
address@hidden desktop-save
address@hidden desktop-save-mode
- You can save the desktop manually with the command @kbd{M-x
-desktop-save}. You can also enable automatic saving of the desktop
-when you exit Emacs, and automatic restoration of the last saved
-desktop when Emacs starts: use the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy
-Customization}) to set @code{desktop-save-mode} to @code{t} for future
-sessions, or add this line in your @file{~/.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(desktop-save-mode 1)
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden desktop-change-dir
address@hidden desktop-revert
- If you turn on @code{desktop-save-mode} in your @file{~/.emacs},
-then when Emacs starts, it looks for a saved desktop in the current
-directory. Thus, you can have separate saved desktops in different
-directories, and the starting directory determines which one Emacs
-reloads. You can save the current desktop and reload one saved in
-another directory by typing @kbd{M-x desktop-change-dir}. Typing
address@hidden desktop-revert} reverts to the desktop previously reloaded.
-
- Specify the option @samp{--no-desktop} on the command line when you
-don't want it to reload any saved desktop. This turns off
address@hidden for the current session. Starting Emacs with
-the @samp{--no-init-file} option also disables desktop reloading,
-since it bypasses the @file{.emacs} init file, where
address@hidden is usually turned on.
-
address@hidden desktop-restore-eager
- By default, all the buffers in the desktop are restored at one go.
-However, this may be slow if there are a lot of buffers in the
-desktop. You can specify the maximum number of buffers to restore
-immediately with the variable @code{desktop-restore-eager}; the
-remaining buffers are restored ``lazily,'' when Emacs is idle.
-
address@hidden desktop-clear
address@hidden desktop-globals-to-clear
address@hidden desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp
- Type @kbd{M-x desktop-clear} to empty the Emacs desktop. This kills
-all buffers except for internal ones, and clears the global variables
-listed in @code{desktop-globals-to-clear}. If you want this to
-preserve certain buffers, customize the variable
address@hidden, whose value is a regular
-expression matching the names of buffers not to kill.
-
- If you want to save minibuffer history from one session to
-another, use the @code{savehist} library.
-
address@hidden Recursive Edit, Emulation, Saving Emacs Sessions, Top
address@hidden Recursive Editing Levels
address@hidden recursive editing level
address@hidden editing level, recursive
-
- A @dfn{recursive edit} is a situation in which you are using Emacs
-commands to perform arbitrary editing while in the middle of another
-Emacs command. For example, when you type @kbd{C-r} inside of a
address@hidden, you enter a recursive edit in which you can change
-the current buffer. On exiting from the recursive edit, you go back to
-the @code{query-replace}.
-
address@hidden C-M-c
address@hidden exit-recursive-edit
address@hidden exiting recursive edit
- @dfn{Exiting} the recursive edit means returning to the unfinished
-command, which continues execution. The command to exit is @kbd{C-M-c}
-(@code{exit-recursive-edit}).
-
- You can also @dfn{abort} the recursive edit. This is like exiting,
-but also quits the unfinished command immediately. Use the command
address@hidden (@code{abort-recursive-edit}) to do this. @xref{Quitting}.
-
- The mode line shows you when you are in a recursive edit by displaying
-square brackets around the parentheses that always surround the major and
-minor mode names. Every window's mode line shows this in the same way,
-since being in a recursive edit is true of Emacs as a whole rather than
-any particular window or buffer.
-
- It is possible to be in recursive edits within recursive edits. For
-example, after typing @kbd{C-r} in a @code{query-replace}, you may type a
-command that enters the debugger. This begins a recursive editing level
-for the debugger, within the recursive editing level for @kbd{C-r}.
-Mode lines display a pair of square brackets for each recursive editing
-level currently in progress.
-
- Exiting the inner recursive edit (such as with the debugger @kbd{c}
-command) resumes the command running in the next level up. When that
-command finishes, you can then use @kbd{C-M-c} to exit another recursive
-editing level, and so on. Exiting applies to the innermost level only.
-Aborting also gets out of only one level of recursive edit; it returns
-immediately to the command level of the previous recursive edit. If you
-wish, you can then abort the next recursive editing level.
-
- Alternatively, the command @kbd{M-x top-level} aborts all levels of
-recursive edits, returning immediately to the top-level command reader.
-
- The text being edited inside the recursive edit need not be the same text
-that you were editing at top level. It depends on what the recursive edit
-is for. If the command that invokes the recursive edit selects a different
-buffer first, that is the buffer you will edit recursively. In any case,
-you can switch buffers within the recursive edit in the normal manner (as
-long as the buffer-switching keys have not been rebound). You could
-probably do all the rest of your editing inside the recursive edit,
-visiting files and all. But this could have surprising effects (such as
-stack overflow) from time to time. So remember to exit or abort the
-recursive edit when you no longer need it.
-
- In general, we try to minimize the use of recursive editing levels in
-GNU Emacs. This is because they constrain you to ``go back'' in a
-particular order---from the innermost level toward the top level. When
-possible, we present different activities in separate buffers so that
-you can switch between them as you please. Some commands switch to a
-new major mode which provides a command to switch back. These
-approaches give you more flexibility to go back to unfinished tasks in
-the order you choose.
-
address@hidden Emulation, Hyperlinking, Recursive Edit, Top
address@hidden Emulation
address@hidden emulating other editors
address@hidden other editors
address@hidden EDT
address@hidden vi
address@hidden PC key bindings
address@hidden scrolling all windows
address@hidden PC selection
address@hidden Motif key bindings
address@hidden Macintosh key bindings
address@hidden WordStar
-
- GNU Emacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) most other
-editors. Standard facilities can emulate these:
-
address@hidden @asis
address@hidden CRiSP/Brief (PC editor)
address@hidden crisp-mode
address@hidden crisp-override-meta-x
address@hidden scroll-all-mode
address@hidden CRiSP mode
address@hidden Brief emulation
address@hidden emulation of Brief
address@hidden mode, CRiSP
-You can turn on key bindings to emulate the CRiSP/Brief editor with
address@hidden crisp-mode}. Note that this rebinds @kbd{M-x} to exit Emacs
-unless you set the variable @code{crisp-override-meta-x}. You can
-also use the command @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} or set the variable
address@hidden to emulate CRiSP's scroll-all feature
-(scrolling all windows together).
-
address@hidden EDT (DEC VMS editor)
address@hidden edt-emulation-on
address@hidden edt-emulation-off
-Turn on EDT emulation with the command @kbd{M-x edt-emulation-on},
-while @kbd{M-x edt-emulation-off} restores normal Emacs command
-bindings.
-
-Most of the EDT emulation commands are keypad keys, and most standard
-Emacs key bindings are still available. The EDT emulation rebindings
-are done in the global keymap, so there is no problem switching
-buffers or major modes while in EDT emulation.
-
address@hidden TPU (DEC VMS editor)
address@hidden tpu-edt-on
address@hidden TPU
address@hidden tpu-edt-on} turns on emulation of the TPU editor emulating EDT.
-
address@hidden vi (Berkeley editor)
address@hidden viper-mode
-Viper is the newest emulator for vi. It implements several levels of
-emulation; level 1 is closest to vi itself, while level 5 departs
-somewhat from strict emulation to take advantage of the capabilities of
-Emacs. To invoke Viper, type @kbd{M-x viper-mode}; it will guide you
-the rest of the way and ask for the emulation level. @inforef{Top,
-Viper, viper}.
-
address@hidden vi (another emulator)
address@hidden vi-mode
address@hidden vi-mode} enters a major mode that replaces the previously
-established major mode. All of the vi commands that, in real vi, enter
-``input'' mode are programmed instead to return to the previous major
-mode. Thus, ordinary Emacs serves as vi's ``input'' mode.
-
-Because vi emulation works through major modes, it does not work
-to switch buffers during emulation. Return to normal Emacs first.
-
-If you plan to use vi emulation much, you probably want to bind a key
-to the @code{vi-mode} command.
-
address@hidden vi (alternate emulator)
address@hidden vip-mode
address@hidden vip-mode} invokes another vi emulator, said to resemble real vi
-more thoroughly than @kbd{M-x vi-mode}. ``Input'' mode in this emulator
-is changed from ordinary Emacs so you can use @key{ESC} to go back to
-emulated vi command mode. To get from emulated vi command mode back to
-ordinary Emacs, type @kbd{C-z}.
-
-This emulation does not work through major modes, and it is possible
-to switch buffers in various ways within the emulator. It is not
-so necessary to assign a key to the command @code{vip-mode} as
-it is with @code{vi-mode} because terminating insert mode does
-not use it.
-
address@hidden, VIP, vip}, for full information.
-
address@hidden WordStar (old wordprocessor)
address@hidden wordstar-mode
address@hidden wordstar-mode} provides a major mode with WordStar-like
-key bindings.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Hyperlinking, Dissociated Press, Emulation, Top
address@hidden Hyperlinking and Navigation Features
-
address@hidden hyperlinking
address@hidden navigation
- Various modes documented elsewhere have hypertext features so that
-you can follow links, usually by clicking @kbd{Mouse-2} on the link or
-typing @key{RET} while point is on the link. Clicking @kbd{Mouse-1}
-quickly on the link also follows it. (Hold @kbd{Mouse-1} for longer
-if you want to set point instead.)
-
- Info mode, Help mode and the Dired-like modes are examples of modes
-that have links in the buffer. The Tags facility links between uses
-and definitions in source files, see @ref{Tags}. Imenu provides
-navigation amongst items indexed in the current buffer, see
address@hidden Info-lookup provides mode-specific lookup of definitions
-in Info indexes, see @ref{Documentation}. Speedbar maintains a frame
-in which links to files, and locations in files are displayed, see
address@hidden
-
- Other non-mode-specific facilities described in this section enable
-following links from the current buffer in a context-sensitive
-fashion.
-
address@hidden
-* Browse-URL:: Following URLs.
-* Goto-address:: Activating URLs.
-* FFAP:: Finding files etc. at point.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Browse-URL
address@hidden Following URLs
address@hidden World Wide Web
address@hidden Web
address@hidden browse-url
address@hidden browse-url-at-point
address@hidden browse-url-at-mouse
address@hidden Browse-URL
address@hidden URLs
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x browse-url @key{RET} @var{url} @key{RET}
-Load a URL into a Web browser.
address@hidden table
-
-The Browse-URL package provides facilities for following URLs specifying
-links on the World Wide Web. Usually this works by invoking a web
-browser, but you can, for instance, arrange to invoke @code{compose-mail}
-from @samp{mailto:} URLs.
-
- The general way to use this feature is to type @kbd{M-x browse-url},
-which displays a specified URL. If point is located near a plausible
-URL, that URL is used as the default. Other commands are available
-which you might like to bind to keys, such as
address@hidden and @code{browse-url-at-mouse}.
-
address@hidden browse-url-browser-function
- You can customize Browse-URL's behavior via various options in the
address@hidden Customize group, particularly
address@hidden You can invoke actions dependent
-on the type of URL by defining @code{browse-url-browser-function} as
-an association list. The package's commentary available via @kbd{C-h
-p} under the @samp{hypermedia} keyword provides more information.
-Packages with facilities for following URLs should always go through
-Browse-URL, so that the customization options for Browse-URL will
-affect all browsing in Emacs.
-
address@hidden Goto-address
address@hidden Activating URLs
address@hidden goto-address
address@hidden Goto-address
address@hidden URLs, activating
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x goto-address
-Activate URLs and e-mail addresses in the current buffer.
address@hidden table
-
- You can make URLs in the current buffer active with @kbd{M-x
-goto-address}. This finds all the URLs in the buffer, and establishes
-bindings for @kbd{Mouse-2} and @kbd{C-c @key{RET}} on them. After
-activation, if you click on a URL with @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move to a URL
-and type @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}, that will display the web page that the URL
-specifies. For a @samp{mailto} URL, it sends mail instead, using your
-selected mail-composition method (@pxref{Mail Methods}).
-
- It can be useful to add @code{goto-address} to mode hooks and the
-hooks used to display an incoming message.
address@hidden is the appropriate hook for Rmail, and
address@hidden for MH-E. This is not needed for Gnus,
-which has a similar feature of its own.
-
-
address@hidden FFAP
address@hidden Finding Files and URLs at Point
address@hidden find-file-at-point
address@hidden ffap
address@hidden dired-at-point
address@hidden ffap-next
address@hidden ffap-menu
address@hidden finding file at point
-
- FFAP mode replaces certain key bindings for finding files, including
address@hidden C-f}, with commands that provide more sensitive defaults.
-These commands behave like the ordinary ones when given a prefix
-argument. Otherwise, they get the default file name or URL from the
-text around point. If what is found in the buffer has the form of a
-URL rather than a file name, the commands use @code{browse-url} to
-view it.
-
- This feature is useful for following references in mail or news
-buffers, @file{README} files, @file{MANIFEST} files, and so on. The
address@hidden package's commentary available via @kbd{C-h p} under the
address@hidden keyword and the @code{ffap} Custom group provide details.
-
address@hidden FFAP minor mode
address@hidden ffap-mode
- You can turn on FFAP minor mode by calling @code{ffap-bindings} to
-make the following key bindings and to install hooks for using
address@hidden in Rmail, Gnus and VM article buffers.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-x C-f @var{filename} @key{RET}
address@hidden C-x C-f @r{(FFAP)}
-Find @var{filename}, guessing a default from text around point
-(@code{find-file-at-point}).
address@hidden C-x C-r
address@hidden C-x C-r @r{(FFAP)}
address@hidden, analogous to @code{find-file-read-only}.
address@hidden C-x C-v
address@hidden C-x C-v @r{(FFAP)}
address@hidden, analogous to @code{find-alternate-file}.
address@hidden C-x d @var{directory} @key{RET}
address@hidden C-x d @r{(FFAP)}
-Start Dired on @var{directory}, defaulting to the directory name at
-point (@code{dired-at-point}).
address@hidden C-x C-d
address@hidden, analogous to @code{list-directory}.
address@hidden C-x 4 f
address@hidden C-x 4 f @r{(FFAP)}
address@hidden, analogous to @code{find-file-other-window}.
address@hidden C-x 4 r
address@hidden, analogous to
address@hidden
address@hidden C-x 4 d
address@hidden, analogous to @code{dired-other-window}.
address@hidden C-x 5 f
address@hidden C-x 5 f @r{(FFAP)}
address@hidden, analogous to @code{find-file-other-frame}.
address@hidden C-x 5 r
address@hidden, analogous to
address@hidden
address@hidden C-x 5 d
address@hidden, analogous to @code{dired-other-frame}.
address@hidden M-x ffap-next
-Search buffer for next file name or URL, then find that file or URL.
address@hidden S-Mouse-3
address@hidden S-Mouse-3 @r{(FFAP)}
address@hidden finds the file guessed from text around the position
-of a mouse click.
address@hidden C-S-Mouse-3
address@hidden C-S-Mouse-3 @r{(FFAP)}
-Display a menu of files and URLs mentioned in current buffer, then
-find the one you select (@code{ffap-menu}).
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Dissociated Press, Amusements, Hyperlinking, Top
address@hidden Dissociated Press
-
address@hidden dissociated-press
- @kbd{M-x dissociated-press} is a command for scrambling a file of text
-either word by word or character by character. Starting from a buffer of
-straight English, it produces extremely amusing output. The input comes
-from the current Emacs buffer. Dissociated Press writes its output in a
-buffer named @samp{*Dissociation*}, and redisplays that buffer after every
-couple of lines (approximately) so you can read the output as it comes out.
-
- Dissociated Press asks every so often whether to continue generating
-output. Answer @kbd{n} to stop it. You can also stop at any time by
-typing @kbd{C-g}. The dissociation output remains in the
address@hidden buffer for you to copy elsewhere if you wish.
-
address@hidden presidentagon
- Dissociated Press operates by jumping at random from one point in the
-buffer to another. In order to produce plausible output rather than
-gibberish, it insists on a certain amount of overlap between the end of
-one run of consecutive words or characters and the start of the next.
-That is, if it has just output `president' and then decides to jump
-to a different point in the file, it might spot the `ent' in `pentagon'
-and continue from there, producing `presidentagon'address@hidden
-dissociword actually appeared during the Vietnam War, when it was very
-appropriate. Bush has made it appropriate again.} Long sample texts
-produce the best results.
-
address@hidden againformation
- A positive argument to @kbd{M-x dissociated-press} tells it to operate
-character by character, and specifies the number of overlap characters. A
-negative argument tells it to operate word by word, and specifies the number
-of overlap words. In this mode, whole words are treated as the elements to
-be permuted, rather than characters. No argument is equivalent to an
-argument of two. For your againformation, the output goes only into the
-buffer @samp{*Dissociation*}. The buffer you start with is not changed.
-
address@hidden Markov chain
address@hidden ignoriginal
address@hidden techniquitous
- Dissociated Press produces results fairly like those of a Markov
-chain based on a frequency table constructed from the sample text. It
-is, however, an independent, ignoriginal invention. Dissociated Press
-techniquitously copies several consecutive characters from the sample
-between random choices, whereas a Markov chain would choose randomly
-for each word or character. This makes for more plausible sounding
-results, and runs faster.
-
address@hidden outragedy
address@hidden buggestion
address@hidden properbose
address@hidden mustatement
address@hidden developediment
address@hidden userenced
- It is a mustatement that too much use of Dissociated Press can be a
-developediment to your real work, sometimes to the point of outragedy.
-And keep dissociwords out of your documentation, if you want it to be well
-userenced and properbose. Have fun. Your buggestions are welcome.
-
address@hidden Amusements, Customization, Dissociated Press, Top
address@hidden Other Amusements
address@hidden boredom
address@hidden hanoi
address@hidden yow
address@hidden gomoku
address@hidden tower of Hanoi
-
- If you are a little bit bored, you can try @kbd{M-x hanoi}. If you are
-considerably bored, give it a numeric argument. If you are very, very
-bored, try an argument of 9. Sit back and watch.
-
address@hidden Go Moku
- If you want a little more personal involvement, try @kbd{M-x gomoku},
-which plays the game Go Moku with you.
-
address@hidden blackbox
address@hidden mpuz
address@hidden 5x5
address@hidden puzzles
- @kbd{M-x blackbox}, @kbd{M-x mpuz} and @kbd{M-x 5x5} are puzzles.
address@hidden challenges you to determine the location of objects
-inside a box by tomography. @code{mpuz} displays a multiplication
-puzzle with letters standing for digits in a code that you must
-guess---to guess a value, type a letter and then the digit you think it
-stands for. The aim of @code{5x5} is to fill in all the squares.
-
address@hidden decipher
address@hidden ciphers
address@hidden cryptanalysis
address@hidden decipher} helps you to cryptanalyze a buffer which is encrypted
-in a simple monoalphabetic substitution cipher.
-
address@hidden dunnet
- @kbd{M-x dunnet} runs an adventure-style exploration game, which is
-a bigger sort of puzzle.
-
address@hidden lm
address@hidden landmark game
address@hidden lm} runs a relatively non-participatory game in which a robot
-attempts to maneuver towards a tree at the center of the window based on
-unique olfactory cues from each of the four directions.
-
address@hidden life
address@hidden Life
address@hidden life} runs Conway's ``Life'' cellular automaton.
-
address@hidden morse-region
address@hidden unmorse-region
address@hidden Morse code
address@hidden --/---/.-./.../.
address@hidden morse-region} converts text in a region to Morse code and
address@hidden unmorse-region} converts it back. No cause for remorse.
-
address@hidden pong
address@hidden Pong game
address@hidden pong} plays a Pong-like game, bouncing the ball off opposing
-bats.
-
address@hidden solitaire
address@hidden solitaire
address@hidden solitaire} plays a game of solitaire in which you jump pegs
-across other pegs.
-
address@hidden studlify-region
address@hidden StudlyCaps
address@hidden studlify-region} studlify-cases the region, producing
-text like this:
-
address@hidden
-M-x stUdlIfY-RegioN stUdlIfY-CaSeS thE region.
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden tetris
address@hidden Tetris
address@hidden snake
address@hidden Snake
address@hidden tetris} runs an implementation of the well-known Tetris game.
-Likewise, @kbd{M-x snake} provides an implementation of Snake.
-
- When you are frustrated, try the famous Eliza program. Just do
address@hidden doctor}. End each input by typing @key{RET} twice.
-
address@hidden Zippy
- When you are feeling strange, type @kbd{M-x yow}.
-
address@hidden zone
-The command @kbd{M-x zone} plays games with the display when Emacs is
-idle.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden
address@hidden ifnottex
-
address@hidden
- arch-tag: 8f094220-c0d5-4e9e-af7d-3e0da8187474
address@hidden ignore
- [Emacs-diffs] Changes to misc.texi,
Glenn Morris <=