Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH 0/5] QEMU VFIO live migration

[Zhao Yan]

On Thu, Feb 21, 2019 at 01:40:51PM -0700, Alex Williamson wrote:
> Hi Yan,
> 
> Thanks for working on this!
> 
> On Tue, 19 Feb 2019 16:50:54 +0800
> Yan Zhao <address@hidden> wrote:
> 
> > This patchset enables VFIO devices to have live migration capability.
> > Currently it does not support post-copy phase.
> > 
> > It follows Alex's comments on last version of VFIO live migration patches,
> > including device states, VFIO device state region layout, dirty bitmap's
> > query.
> > 
> > Device Data
> > -----------
> > Device data is divided into three types: device memory, device config,
> > and system memory dirty pages produced by device.
> > 
> > Device config: data like MMIOs, page tables...
> >         Every device is supposed to possess device config data.
> >             Usually device config's size is small (no big than 10M), and it
> 
> I'm not sure how we can really impose a limit here, it is what it is
> for a device.  A smaller state is obviously desirable to reduce
> downtime, but some devices could have very large states.
> 
> >         needs to be loaded in certain strict order.
> >         Therefore, device config only needs to be saved/loaded in
> >         stop-and-copy phase.
> >         The data of device config is held in device config region.
> >         Size of device config data is smaller than or equal to that of
> >         device config region.
> 
> So the intention here is that this is the last data read from the
> device and it's done in one pass, so the region needs to be large
> enough to expose all config data at once.  On restore it's the last
> data written before switching the device to the run state.
> 
> > 
> > Device Memory: device's internal memory, standalone and outside system
> 
> s/system/VM/
> 
> >         memory. It is usually very big.
> 
> Or it doesn't exist.  Not sure we should be setting expectations since
> it will vary per device.
> 
> >         This kind of data needs to be saved / loaded in pre-copy and
> >         stop-and-copy phase.
> >         The data of device memory is held in device memory region.
> >         Size of devie memory is usually larger than that of device
> >         memory region. qemu needs to save/load it in chunks of size of
> >         device memory region.
> >         Not all device has device memory. Like IGD only uses system memory.
> 
> It seems a little gratuitous to me that this is a separate region or
> that this data is handled separately.  All of this data is opaque to
> QEMU, so why do we need to separate it?
hi Alex,
as the device state interfaces are provided by kernel, it is expected to
meet as general needs as possible. So, do you think there are such use
cases from user space that user space knows well of the device, and
it wants kernel to return desired data back to it.
E.g. It just wants to get whole device config data including all mmios,
page tables, pci config data...
or, It just wants to get current device memory snapshot, not including any
dirty data.
Or, It just needs the dirty pages in device memory or system memory.
With all this accurate query, quite a lot of useful features can be
developped in user space.

If all of this data is opaque to user app, seems the only use case is
for live migration.

>From another aspect, if the final solution is to let the data opaque to
user space, like what NV did, kernel side's implementation will be more
complicated, and actually a little challenge to vendor driver.
in that case, in pre-copy phase,
1. in not LOGGING state, vendor driver first returns full data including
full device memory snapshot
2. user space reads some data (you can't expect it to finish reading all
data)
3. then userspace set the device state to LOGGING to start dirty data
logging
4. vendor driver starts dirty data logging, and appends the dirty data to
the tail of remaining unread full data and increase the pending data size?
5. user space keeps reading data.
6. vendor driver keeps appending new dirty data to the tail of remaining
unread full data/dirty data and increase the pending data size?

in stop-and-copy phase
1. user space sets device state to exit LOGGING state,
2. vendor driver stops data logging. it has to append device config
   data at the tail of remaining dirty data unread by userspace.

during this flow, when vendor driver should get dirty data? just keeps
logging and appends to tail? how to ensure dirty data is refresh new before
LOGGING state exit? how does vendor driver know whether certain dirty data
is copied or not?

I've no idea how NVidia handle this problem, and they don't open their
kernel side code. 
just feel it's a bit hard for other vendor drivers to follow:)

> > System memory dirty pages: If a device produces dirty pages in system
> >         memory, it is able to get dirty bitmap for certain range of system
> >         memory. This dirty bitmap is queried in pre-copy and stop-and-copy
> >         phase in .log_sync callback. By setting dirty bitmap in .log_sync
> >         callback, dirty pages in system memory will be save/loaded by ram's
> >         live migration code.
> >         The dirty bitmap of system memory is held in dirty bitmap region.
> >         If system memory range is larger than that dirty bitmap region can
> >         hold, qemu will cut it into several chunks and get dirty bitmap in
> >         succession.
> > 
> > 
> > Device State Regions
> > --------------------
> > Vendor driver is required to expose two mandatory regions and another two
> > optional regions if it plans to support device state management.
> > 
> > So, there are up to four regions in total.
> > One control region: mandatory.
> >         Get access via read/write system call.
> >         Its layout is defined in struct vfio_device_state_ctl
> > Three data regions: mmaped into qemu.
> 
> Is mmap mandatory?  I would think this would be defined by the mdev
> device what access they want to support per region.  We don't want to
> impose a more complicated interface if the device doesn't require it.
I think it's "mmap is preferred, but allowed to fail".
just like a normal region with MMAP flag on (like bar regions), we also
allow its mmap to fail, right?

> >         device config region: mandatory, holding data of device config
> >         device memory region: optional, holding data of device memory
> >         dirty bitmap region: optional, holding bitmap of system memory
> >                             dirty pages
> > 
> > (The reason why four seperate regions are defined is that the unit of mmap
> > system call is PAGE_SIZE, i.e. 4k bytes. So one read/write region for
> > control and three mmaped regions for data seems better than one big region
> > padded and sparse mmaped).
> 
> It's not obvious to me how this is better, a big region isn't padded,
> there's simply a gap in the file descriptor.  Is having a sub-PAGE_SIZE
> gap in a file really of any consequence?  Each region beyond the header
> is more than likely larger than PAGE_SIZE, therefore they can be nicely
> aligned together.  We still need fields to tell us how much data is
> available in each area, so another to tell us the start of each area is
> a minor detail.  And I think we still want to allow drivers to specify
> which parts of which areas support mmap, so I don't think we're getting
> away from sparse mmap support.

with seperate regions and sub-region type defined, user space can explictly
know which region is which region after vfio_get_dev_region_info(). along
with it, user space knows region offset and size. mmap is allowed to fail
and falls back to normal read/write to the region.

But with one big region and sparse mmapped subregions (1 data subregion or
3 data subregions, whatever), userspace can't tell which subregion is which
one.
So, if using one big region, I think we need to explictly define
subregions' sequence (like index 0 is dedicated to control subregion,
index 1 is for device config data subregion ...). Vendor driver cannot
freely change the sequence.
Then keep data offset the same as region->mmaps[i].offset, and data size
the same as region->mmaps[i].size. (i.e. let actual data starts immediatly
from first byte of its data subregion)
Also, mmaps for sparse mmaped subregions are not allowed to fail.


With one big region, we also need to consider the case when vendor driver
does not want the data subregion to be mmaped.
so, what is the data layout for that case?
data subregion immedately follows control subregion, or not?
Of couse, for this condition, we can specify the data filed's start offset
and size through control region. And we must not expect the data start
offset in source and target are equal.
(because the big region's fd_offset
may vary in source and target. consider the case when both source and
target have one opregion and one device state region, but source has
opregion in the first and target has device state region in the first.
If we think this case is illegal, we must be able to detect it in the first
place).
Also, we must keep the start offset and size consistent with the above mmap
case.


> > kernel device state interface [1]
> > --------------------------------------
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_INTERFACE_VERSION 1
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_DEVICE_MEMORY 1
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY 2
> 
> If we were to go with this multi-region solution, isn't it evident from
> the regions exposed that device memory and a dirty bitmap are
> provided?  Alternatively, I believe Kirti's proposal doesn't require

> this distinction between device memory and device config, a device not
> requiring runtime migration data would simply report no data until the
> device moved to the stopped state, making it consistent path for
> userspace.  Likewise, the dirty bitmap could report a zero page count
> in the bitmap rather than branching based on device support.
If the path in userspace is consistent for device config and device
memory, there will be many unnecessary call of getting data size into
vendor driver.
 

> Note that it seems that cap VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY implies
> VFIO_REGION_SUBTYPE_DEVICE_STATE_DATA_DIRTYBITMAP, but there's no
> consistency in the naming.
> 
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_RUNNING 0 
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_STOP 1
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_LOGGING 2
> 
> It looks like these are being defined as bits, since patch 1 talks
> about RUNNING & LOGGING and STOP & LOGGING.  I think Connie already
> posted some comments about this.  I'm not sure anything prevents us
> from defining RUNNING a 1 and STOPPED as 0 so we don't have the
> polarity flip vs LOGGING though.
> 
> The state "STOP & LOGGING" also feels like a strange "device state", if
> the device is stopped, it's not logging any new state, so I think this
> is more that the device state is STOP, but the LOGGING feature is
> active.  Maybe we should consider these independent bits.  LOGGING is
> active as we stop a device so that we can fetch the last dirtied pages,
> but disabled as we load the state of the device into the target.
> 
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_ACTION_GET_BUFFER 1
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_ACTION_SET_BUFFER 2
> > #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_ACTION_GET_BITMAP 3
> > 
> > struct vfio_device_state_ctl {
> >     __u32 version;            /* ro */
> >     __u32 device_state;       /* VFIO device state, wo */
> >     __u32 caps;              /* ro */
> >         struct {
> >             __u32 action;  /* wo, GET_BUFFER or SET_BUFFER */ 
> >             __u64 size;    /*rw*/
> >     } device_config;
> 
> Patch 1 indicates that to get the config buffer we write GET_BUFFER to
> action and read from the config region.  The size is previously read
> and apparently constant.  To set the config buffer, the config region
> is written followed by writing SET_BUFFER to action.  Why is size
> listed as read-write?
this is the size of config data.
size of config data <= size of config data region.


> Doesn't this protocol also require that the mdev driver consume each
> full region's worth of host kernel memory for backing pages in
> anticipation of a rare event like migration?  This might be a strike
> against separate regions if the driver needs to provide backing pages
> for 3 separate regions vs 1.  To avoid this runtime overhead, would it
> be expected that the user only mmap the regions during migration and
> the mdev driver allocate backing pages on mmap?  Should the mmap be
> restricted to the LOGGING feature being enabled?  Maybe I'm mistaken in
> how the mdev driver would back these mmap'd pages.
>
yes, 3 seperate regions consume a little more memory than 1 region.
but it's just a little overhead.
As in intel's kernel implementation,
device config region's size is 9M, dirty bitmap region's size is 16k.
if there is device memory region, its size can be defined as 100M?
so it's 109M vs 100M ?

> >     struct {
> >             __u32 action;    /* wo, GET_BUFFER or SET_BUFFER */ 
> >             __u64 size;     /* rw */  
> >                 __u64 pos; /*the offset in total buffer of device memory*/
> 
> Patch 1 outlines the protocol here that getting device memory begins
> with writing the position field, followed by reading from the device
> memory region.  Setting device memory begins with writing the data to
> the device memory region, followed by writing the position field.  Why
> does the user need to have visibility of data position?  This is opaque
> data to the user, the device should manage how the chunks fit together.
> 
> How does the user know when they reach the end?
sorry, maybe I didn't explain clearly here.

device  ________________________________________
memory  |    |    |////|    |    |    |    |    |
data:   |____|____|////|____|____|____|____|____|
                  :pos :
                  :    :
device            :____:
memory            |    |
region:           |____|

the whole sequence is like this:

1. user space reads device_memory.size
2. driver gets device memory's data(full snapshot or dirty data, depending
on it's in LOGGING state or not), and return the total size of
this data. 
3. user space finishes reading device_memory.size (>= device memory
region's size)

4. user space starts a loop like
  
   while (pos < total_len) {
        uint64_t len = region_devmem->size;

        if (pos + len >= total_len) {
            len = total_len - pos;
        }
        if (vfio_save_data_device_memory_chunk(vdev, f, pos, len)) {
            return -1;
        }
        pos += len;
    }

 vfio_save_data_device_memory_chunk reads each chunk from device memory
 region by writing GET_BUFFER  to device_memory.action, and pos to
 device_memory.pos.


so. each time, userspace will finish getting device memory data in one
time.

specifying "pos" is just like the "lseek" before "write".

> Bullets 8 and 9 in patch 1 also discuss setting and getting the device
> memory size, but these aren't well integrated into the protocol for
> getting and setting the memory buffer.  Is getting the device memory
> really started by reading the size, which triggers the vendor driver to
> snapshot the state in an internal buffer which the user then iterates
> through using GET_BUFFER?  Therefore re-reading the size field could
> corrupt the data stream?  Wouldn't it be easier to report bytes
> available and countdown as the user marks them read?  What does
> position mean when we switch from snapshot to dirty data?
when switching to device memory's dirty data, pos means the pos in whole
dirty data.

.save_live_pending ==> driver gets dirty data in device memory and returns
total size.

.save_live_iterate ==> userspace reads all dirty data from device memory
region chunk by chunk

So, in an iteration, all dirty data are saved.
then in next iteration, dirty data is recalculated.


> 
> >     } device_memory;
> >     struct {
> >             __u64 start_addr; /* wo */
> >             __u64 page_nr;   /* wo */
> >     } system_memory;
> > };
> 
> Why is one specified as an address and the other as pages?  Note that
Yes, start_addr ==> start pfn is better

> Kirti's implementation has an optimization to know how many pages are
> set within a range to avoid unnecessary buffer reads.
> 

Let's use start_pfn_all, page_nr_all to represent the start pfn and
page_nr passed in from qemu .log_sync interface.

and use start_pfn_i, page_nr_i to the value passed to driver.


start_pfn_all
  |         start_pfn_i
  |         |
 \ /_______\_/_____________________________
  |    |    |////|    |    |    |    |    |
  |____|____|////|____|____|____|____|____|
            :    :
            :    :
            :____:
bitmap      |    |
region:     |____|
           

1. Each time QEMU queries dirty bitmap from driver, it passes in
start_pfn_i, and page_nr_i. (page_nr_i is the biggest page number the
bitmap region can hold).
2. driver queries memory range from start_pfn_i with size page_nr_i.
3. driver return a bitmap (if no dirty data, the bitmap is all 0).
4. QEMU saves the pages according to the bitmap

If there's no dirty data found in step 2, step 4 can be skipped.
(I'll add this check before step 4 in future, thanks)
but if there's even 1 bit set in the bitmap, no step from 1-4 can be
skipped.

Honestly, after reviewing Kirti's implementation, I don't think it's an
optimization. As in below pseudo code for Kirti's code, I would think the
copied_pfns corresponds to the page_nr_i in my case. so, the case of
copied_pfns equaling to 0 is for the tail chunk? don't think it's working..

write start_pfn to driver
write page_size  to driver
write pfn_count to driver

do {
    read copied_pfns from driver.
    if (copied_pfns == 0) {
       break;
    }
   bitmap_size = (BITS_TO_LONGS(copied_pfns) + 1) * sizeof(unsigned long);
   buf = get bitmap from driver
   cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_lebitmap((unsigned long *)buf,
                                           (start_pfn + count) * page_size,
                                                copied_pfns);

     count +=  copied_pfns;

} while (count < pfn_count);



> > 
> > Devcie States
> > ------------- 
> > After migration is initialzed, it will set device state via writing to
> > device_state field of control region.
> > 
> > Four states are defined for a VFIO device:
> >         RUNNING, RUNNING & LOGGING, STOP & LOGGING, STOP 
> > 
> > RUNNING: In this state, a VFIO device is in active state ready to receive
> >         commands from device driver.
> >         It is the default state that a VFIO device enters initially.
> > 
> > STOP:  In this state, a VFIO device is deactivated to interact with
> >        device driver.
> > 
> > LOGGING: a special state that it CANNOT exist independently. It must be
> >        set alongside with state RUNNING or STOP (i.e. RUNNING & LOGGING,
> >        STOP & LOGGING).
> >        Qemu will set LOGGING state on in .save_setup callbacks, then vendor
> >        driver can start dirty data logging for device memory and system
> >        memory.
> >        LOGGING only impacts device/system memory. They return whole
> >        snapshot outside LOGGING and dirty data since last get operation
> >        inside LOGGING.
> >        Device config should be always accessible and return whole config
> >        snapshot regardless of LOGGING state.
> >        
> > Note:
> > The reason why RUNNING is the default state is that device's active state
> > must not depend on device state interface.
> > It is possible that region vfio_device_state_ctl fails to get registered.
> > In that condition, a device needs be in active state by default. 
> > 
> > Get Version & Get Caps
> > ----------------------
> > On migration init phase, qemu will probe the existence of device state
> > regions of vendor driver, then get version of the device state interface
> > from the r/w control region.
> > 
> > Then it will probe VFIO device's data capability by reading caps field of
> > control region.
> >         #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_DEVICE_MEMORY 1
> >         #define VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY 2
> > If VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_DEVICE_MEMORY is on, it will save/load data of
> >         device memory in pre-copy and stop-and-copy phase. The data of
> >         device memory is held in device memory region.
> > If VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY is on, it will query of dirty pages
> >         produced by VFIO device during pre-copy and stop-and-copy phase.
> >         The dirty bitmap of system memory is held in dirty bitmap region.
> 
> As above, these capabilities seem redundant to the existence of the
> device specific regions in this implementation.
>
seems so :)

> > If failing to find two mandatory regions and optional data regions
> > corresponding to data caps or version mismatching, it will setup a
> > migration blocker and disable live migration for VFIO device.
> > 
> > 
> > Flows to call device state interface for VFIO live migration
> > ------------------------------------------------------------
> > 
> > Live migration save path:
> > 
> > (QEMU LIVE MIGRATION STATE --> DEVICE STATE INTERFACE --> DEVICE STATE)
> > 
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_NONE --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_RUNNING
> >  |
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_SAVE_SETUP
> >  |
> >  .save_setup callback -->
> >  get device memory size (whole snapshot size)
> >  get device memory buffer (whole snapshot data)
> >  set device state --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_RUNNING & VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_LOGGING
> >  |
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_ACTIVE
> >  |
> >  .save_live_pending callback --> get device memory size (dirty data)
> >  .save_live_iteration callback --> get device memory buffer (dirty data)
> >  .log_sync callback --> get system memory dirty bitmap
> >  |
> > (vcpu stops) --> set device state -->
> >  VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_STOP & VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_LOGGING
> >  |
> > .save_live_complete_precopy callback -->
> >  get device memory size (dirty data)
> >  get device memory buffer (dirty data)
> >  get device config size (whole snapshot size)
> >  get device config buffer (whole snapshot data)
> >  |
> > .save_cleanup callback -->  set device state --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_STOP
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_COMPLETED
> > 
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_CANCELLED or
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_FAILED
> >  |
> > (vcpu starts) --> set device state --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_RUNNING
> > 
> > 
> > Live migration load path:
> > 
> > (QEMU LIVE MIGRATION STATE --> DEVICE STATE INTERFACE --> DEVICE STATE)
> > 
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_NONE --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_RUNNING
> >  |
> > (vcpu stops) --> set device state --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_STOP
> >  |
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_ACTIVE
> >  |
> > .load state callback -->
> >  set device memory size, set device memory buffer, set device config size,
> >  set device config buffer
> >  |
> > (vcpu starts) --> set device state --> VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_RUNNING
> >  |
> > MIGRATION_STATUS_COMPLETED
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > In source VM side,
> > In precopy phase,
> > if a device has VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_DEVICE_MEMORY on,
> > qemu will first get whole snapshot of device memory in .save_setup
> > callback, and then it will get total size of dirty data in device memory in
> > .save_live_pending callback by reading device_memory.size field of control
> > region.
> 
> This requires iterative reads of device memory buffer but the protocol
> is unclear (to me) how the user knows how to do this or interact with
> the position field. 
> 
> > Then in .save_live_iteration callback, it will get buffer of device memory's
> > dirty data chunk by chunk from device memory region by writing pos &
> > action (GET_BUFFER) to device_memory.pos & device_memory.action fields of
> > control region. (size of each chunk is the size of device memory data
> > region).
> 
> What if there's not enough dirty data to fill the region?  The data is
> always padded to fill the region?
>
I think dirty data in vendor driver is orgnaized in a format like:
(addr0, len0, data0, addr1, len1, data1, addr2, len2, data2,....addrN,
lenN, dataN).
for full snapshot, it's like (addr0, len0, data0).
so, to userspace and data region, it doesn't matter whether it's full
snapshot or dirty data.


> > .save_live_pending and .save_live_iteration may be called several times in
> > precopy phase to get dirty data in device memory.
> > 
> > If VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_DEVICE_MEMORY is off, callbacks in precopy phase
> > like .save_setup, .save_live_pending, .save_live_iteration will not call
> > vendor driver's device state interface to get data from devcie memory.
> 
> Therefore through the entire precopy phase we have no data from source
> to target to begin a compatibility check :-\  I think both proposals
> currently still lack any sort of device compatibility or data
> versioning check between source and target.  Thanks,
I checked the compatibility, though not good enough:)

in migration_init, vfio_check_devstate_version() checked version from
kernel with VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_INTERFACE_VERSION in both source and target,
and in target side, vfio_load_state() checked source side version.


int vfio_load_state(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, int version_id)                  
        
{       
    ...
    if (version_id != VFIO_DEVICE_STATE_INTERFACE_VERSION) {                    
               
        return -EINVAL;
    } 
    ...
}

Thanks
Yan

> Alex
> 
> > In precopy phase, if a device has VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY on,
> > .log_sync callback will get system memory dirty bitmap from dirty bitmap
> > region by writing system memory's start address, page count and action 
> > (GET_BITMAP) to "system_memory.start_addr", "system_memory.page_nr", and
> > "system_memory.action" fields of control region.
> > If page count passed in .log_sync callback is larger than the bitmap size
> > the dirty bitmap region supports, Qemu will cut it into chunks and call
> > vendor driver's get system memory dirty bitmap interface.
> > If VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY is off, .log_sync callback just
> > returns without call to vendor driver.
> > 
> > In stop-and-copy phase, device state will be set to STOP & LOGGING first.
> > in save_live_complete_precopy callback,
> > If VFIO_DEVICE_DATA_CAP_SYSTEM_MEMORY is on,
> > get device memory size and get device memory buffer will be called again.
> > After that,
> > device config data is get from device config region by reading
> > devcie_config.size of control region and writing action (GET_BITMAP) to
> > device_config.action of control region.
> > Then after migration completes, in cleanup handler, LOGGING state will be
> > cleared (i.e. deivce state is set to STOP).
> > Clearing LOGGING state in cleanup handler is in consideration of the case
> > of "migration failed" and "migration cancelled". They can also leverage
> > the cleanup handler to unset LOGGING state.
> > 
> > 
> > References
> > ----------
> > 1. kernel side implementation of Device state interfaces:
> > https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/56876/
> > 
> > 
> > Yan Zhao (5):
> >   vfio/migration: define kernel interfaces
> >   vfio/migration: support device of device config capability
> >   vfio/migration: tracking of dirty page in system memory
> >   vfio/migration: turn on migration
> >   vfio/migration: support device memory capability
> > 
> >  hw/vfio/Makefile.objs         |   2 +-
> >  hw/vfio/common.c              |  26 ++
> >  hw/vfio/migration.c           | 858 
> > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  hw/vfio/pci.c                 |  10 +-
> >  hw/vfio/pci.h                 |  26 +-
> >  include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h |   1 +
> >  linux-headers/linux/vfio.h    | 260 +++++++++++++
> >  7 files changed, 1174 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> >  create mode 100644 hw/vfio/migration.c
> > 
>