According to
this link, Linux terminals truncated messages to 4096 bytes under the tty canonical mode. To fix this issue, the following patch will help. I tested on emacs 28.2 with tramp 2.5.3.
--- tramp-sh.el.orig 2022-05-12 19:59:16.000000000 +0800
+++ tramp-sh.el 2023-01-28 11:14:40.371519390 +0800
@@ -2959,7 +2959,7 @@
;; macOS, see Bug#50748.
(when (and (memq connection-type '(nil pipe))
(not (tramp-check-remote-uname v "Darwin")))
- (tramp-send-command v "stty -icrnl"))
+ (tramp-send-command v "stty -icrnl -icanon"))
;; `tramp-maybe-open-connection' and
;; `tramp-send-command-and-read' could have
;; trashed the connection buffer. Remove this.